Quarter 1 THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING:

LESSON 4 Clientele, Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Read the specific directions carefully before answering the exercises and activities.
Accomplish this module on or before the deadline. For online consultations, please refer to the given schedule.

ESSENTIAL LEARNING PURPOSES: At the end of these lessons, I am expected to:

1. A: Describe the clientele of counseling
2. T: Adjust on the different process and methods involved in counseling and the settings
What do I where they are used.
need to
know?
Hello and welcome to grade 12! I know the past months have been hard but learning should and will
never stop. Let us move above it all and use this time to embrace the “New Normal”. Before we start
we should put in mind that everything is a continuation just like the course we are about to partake in
this module. “Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (DIASS)” is a continuation of your
previous course entitled “Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science (DISS)” With that in mind let us
What I being our review or recap activities below. GOOD LUCK!
know?
REVIEW
I. Motivation. Matching Type: Match the items in column A with items in column B.
A B

a. Relationship Building
b. Assessment and
Diagnosis
_____1. This serves as the window for the counselor to
have a thorough appreciation of the client’s
condition.
_____2. It shall serve as the parameter of work and the
client – counselor relationship.

c. Formulation of _____3. The essential goal in counseling to witness a

Counseling Goals client progress on his/her own without the
assistance of the counselor.

d. Research and Evaluation
e. Termination and Follow
–up
f. Intervention and
Problem solving
_____4. This stage can be undertaken at any point in
counseling stage.
_____5. The guidelines include the following: (a) the
counselor has to provide a mapping of the
different approaches offered, (b) describe the role
of the counselor and client for each procedure, (c)
identify possible risks and benefits that may come
and (d) estimate the time and cost of each
procedure.

_____6. This is the heart of the counseling process

because it provides the force and foundation for
the counseling to succeed.

HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 1
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES SPECIALIZED SUBJECT FOR |
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 Approaches in the Counseling setting
The late 1950s saw three schools of thought in psychology that became very
dominant: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and the humanistic perspective.

Psychoanalysis headed by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). This draws attention to the darker
forces of the unconscious and the influence that it has on how we feel about ourselves.
Behaviorism represented by B.F. Skinner (1904-1990). This focuses on the effects of
reinforcement on observable behavior. This school is composed mainly of the classical
conditioning and operant conditioning. And the last is represented by Carl Rogers, Abraham
Maslow and George Kelly, the Humanistic Perspective. This attempts to understand the
conscious mind, free will, human dignity, and the capacity for self-reflection and growth.

The following are among the basic counseling approaches commonly used today that provide
processes, methods, and tools for counselors to draw from: psychoanalysis therapy, Adlerian
therapy, existential therapy, person-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, transactional analysis,
behavior therapy, rational emotive therapy, and reality therapy.

HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 2
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES SPECIALIZED SUBJECT FOR |
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 We should erase the stigma that it is a shame to be seen in a counseling office. People
here in the Philippines are publicly criticized when seeking professional help from a counselor or
the sort. Here we will learn that anyone can and is in need of help from professionals like a
counselor.

Characteristics of the Clientele and Audience of Counseling

The clientele and audience of counseling are NORMAL PEOPLE. They are NOT IN NEED OF
CLINICAL OR MEDICAL HELP. They may be the youth in need of guidance at critical moments of
their growth, anyone in need of assistance in realizing a change in behavior or attitude, or individuals
simply seeking to achieve a goal.

Needs of Various Types of Clientele and Audiences of Counseling.

 School guidance counselors
Provide the need for the personal guidance by helping students seek more options and find better and
more appropriate ones in dealing with situations of stress or simply decision-making.
 Job hunting counselors
Provide avenues for people to find necessary information and get suitable employment for them. From
CV making to proper grooming on interviews are the services they offer.
 Conflict management counselors
Provide the need for principles and theory-based approaches to deal with conflict and de-escalate it.
 Human resource personnel
These professionals provide the needs common to all workplaces and they are employed in almost all
workplaces to deal with various employee needs that cover aspects of compensation, social services, and
workplace discipline. They are designed to keep workers happy and cared for as HUMANS.
 Marriage counselors
Professionals provide the need for conflict resolution skills to couples, and children to deal with various
stresses and issues that threaten their unity or peaceful coexistence. Reconciliation of couples that had
undergone turmoil, legal separation, divorces and annulments.
 Bereavement counselors
They respond to the need to be helped to go through loss, such as death in the family, in a way that will
help prevent depression and other unhealthy ways of dealing or coping with a loss such as committing
suicide or giving up on life.
 Abused children caretakers
 Drug abuse and rehabilitation counselors

Counseling Approaches (Therapies)

Approaches to psychotherapy fall into broad categories:

 Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. This approach focuses on changing problematic

behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations.
Psychoanalytically oriented therapies are characterized by a close working partnership between therapist
and patient. Patients learn about themselves by exploring their interactions in the therapeutic relationship.
While psychoanalysis is closely identified with Sigmund Freud, it has been extended and modified since
his early formulations.

 Behavior therapy. This approach focuses on learning's role in developing both normal and abnormal
behaviors.
a. Ivan Pavlov made important contributions to behavior therapy by discovering classical
HOLY conditioning,
TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL
or associative SANTOS
learning. Pavlov'sCITY | SENIOR
famous dogs, HIGH SCHOOL
for example, PROGRAM
began drooling 3
when
DISCIPLINEtheyAND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES SPECIALIZED SUBJECT
heard their dinner bell, because they associated the sound with food. FOR |
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 Before we go to the next step, let us how you’ll do on our short quiz. I know you
can do it! This will help you to determine your learned mastery about this topic.
ASSESSMENT
WHAT’S MORE?
“Solve Me”

INSTRUCTION: Diagnose the cases repeated below from the previous module, only this time you
will choose a specific counseling approach for each case and explain briefly why you dubbed that
approach for the case.

10 points Answer is relevant and grammatically correct.

5 points Answer is somewhat relevant, with few grammtical errros but understandable.

3 points Answer is irrelevant as a whole.

1.) Mr. Garrison is only 3 months away from his long awaited retirement. A big party and send off party is
set because he is going to move back to his homeland. During this time Mr. Garrison was moderately seen
day dreaming and looking stress. Others speculate that maybe it is because he is realizing that he has no
family to share his retirement with for he is not married and have no close relative. What sort of counsellor
would suit Mr. Garrison’s case? Explain briefly.
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2.) Bobbie thinks he is addicted to this newly released mobile game called “Mobile Legends”. He wants to
control it to become more productive at schoolwork. Who needs to counsel Bobbie?
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3.) Both Kayla and Brad know that cancer runs in both sides of their family. They are anxious to have a
baby because of the fear that their kids may inherit the genes and develop cancer at a young age. What type
of counsellor should this couple specifically see for their issue?
______________________________________________________________________________________

HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 4
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES SPECIALIZED SUBJECT FOR |
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
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4.) Before Thelma left for Singapore, her husband Lino has never had an affair. After 3 years that they had
been separated, Thelma has heard of rumors that Lino is having an affair with a different woman which
happens to be Thelma’s sister. Which counsellor should they seek help from to save their marriage?
______________________________________________________________________________________
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5.) Everybody is constantly faced with self-esteem issues specially women. Body shamming is a very big
issue with the ladies. Riva who is a 200lbs 18 years old is facing ridicule and bullying every day, she is
practicing unhealthy ways to lose weight. It has become soon become a cause for her to be rushed to the
hospital. Which area of specialization would Riva find help for her weight crisis?
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Explorer! Please take time to watch the following videos attached in this section before you
proceed to the next lesson. For now, you may take your break.

ENRICHME
NT

Video Links:

HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 5
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES SPECIALIZED SUBJECT FOR |
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 1. https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=CLIENT+AND+COUNSELING
2. https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=GUIDANCE+COUNSELORS%5C
3. https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=psychoanalytic+therapy

Quantitative Research: Definition, Methods, Types And Examples. Retrieved from:

https://www.questionpro.com/blog/quantitative-research/

Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper. Retrieved from:

https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative
REFERENCES

HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY | SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM 6
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES SPECIALIZED SUBJECT FOR |
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES