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Isolation of Polyethylene Plastic Degrading-Bacteria: Mahdiyahdede@yahoo - Co.id
Isolation of Polyethylene Plastic Degrading-Bacteria: Mahdiyahdede@yahoo - Co.id
mahdiyahdede@yahoo.co.id
‡
Current author: Academy of Midwifery Sari Mulia Banjarmasin, South Borneo
Abstract
Plastic polyethylene waste accumulating in the environment are posing an ever increasing
ecological threat. Bacteria was isolated used NA medium and TSA medium were incubated for five
days. Isolates were resulted towards analyzed 1 month of incubation in liquid culture method at
37 oC with agitation 130 rpm. The biodegradation of polyethylene was resulted by isolate of 22 TSB
(used medium Tryptic Soy Broth) were 17% in 1 month. Microbial counts in the degrading
materials were recorded up 3.08 x 106. The microbial species found associated with the degrading
Introduction
During the past 3-decades, plastic materials have been increasingly used in food clothing,
shelter, transportation, construction, medical, and recreation industries. Plastics are advantageous as
they are strong, light-weighted, and durable. However, they are disadvantageous as they are
environmental pollution and waste that can not be renewed and degrade it encourages research and
studies in the field of biosynthetic and biodegradation material. One of the waste that can not be
Polyethylene is a polymer made of long chains of ethylene monomers. The use of polyethylene
growing worldwide at a rate of 12% per year and about 140 million tons of synthetic polymers are
produced worldwide each year. With such a large amount of polyethylene gets accumulated in the
environment, generating plastic waste ecological problems are needed thousands of years to
Microorganisms can degrade plastic over 90 genera, from bacteria and fungi, among them;
Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas sp., Azotobacter, Ralstonia eutropha, Halomonas sp., etc.
(Chee et al. 2010). Plastic degradation by microbes due to the activity of certain enzymes that cause
cleavage of the polymer chains into monomers and oligomers. Plastic that has been enzymatically
broken down further absorbed by the microbial cells to be metabolized. Aerobic metabolism
produces carbon dioxide and water. Instead of anaerobic metabolism produces carbon dioxide,
water, and methane as end products (Usha et al. 2011). This study aims to isolate the bacteria from
al. 2010)
Polyethylene plastic waste in the capture of landfill Kampung Utan Ciputat washed with
sterile distilled water and then cut with sterile scissors. Then inoculated onto media containing 100
ml of sterile distilled water in a 250 mL erlenmeyer. In doing serial dilutions from 10-1 to 10-6 with
sterile 0.9% NaCl. Three recently taken 0.1 mL dilution was inoculated into media for NA and
TSA. Then spread the rod L and then incubated in an incubator at 37 ° C for seven days. After
seven days of incubation observed colony growth. Colonies were grown in petri dishes scratch
media to NA and TSA back then incubated at 37 ° C for 7 days. Colonies that grew were then
Weigh polyethylene plastic (initial weight) and then washed with sterile distilled water and
sprayed with 70% alcohol. Plastic is inserted into the 100 mL erlenmeyer containing NB and TSB
media. Then incubated in an incubator shaker at room temperature, with agitation of 130 rpm for a
month. Polyethylene plastic that has been incubated for a month, washed with sterile distilled water
and then sprayed with alcohol dried aired then weighed (final weight). Determination of the
initial weight
Results
Acquired as much as 25 isolates of the isolated microorganisms were isolated from plastic
waste polyethylene derived from landfill in Kampung Utan Ciputat NA and TSA media. The 25
isolates was purified in order to tilt to the next test (Figure 1).
Acquired eight isolates of potentially degrading polyethylene plastic with different percentages. The
eight isolates, namely (1 isolates in TSB media, isolates 6 on TSB media, isolates 11 at TSB media,
medium, and isolates 21 on NB medium). Of the eight isolates had percentages of different
degradation and the highest degradation obtained by isolate of 22 TSB at 17%, then the other
isolates have the capacity degradation of plastics: isolate of 1 TSB (6%), isolate of 6 TSB (12% ),
isolate of 11 TSB (4%), isolate of 17 NB (4%), isolate of 15 NB (5%), isolate of 30 NB (6%), and
plastic, shape, Gram staining and spore staining. Of these eight isolates including Gram negative 1
TSB spherical shape, have no spore. Six isolates including Gram-negative in TSB media and round
shape. Isolate of 11 TSB including Gram-negative, round shape and have no spore. Isolate of 22
TSB including Gram-positive, rod-shaped and have no spore. Isolate of 15 NB including Gram-
negative bacteria are round. Isolate of 21 TSB including Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium and
have no spore. Isolate of 30 NB including Gram-negative bacteria round shape and isolate of 17
Discussion
22 isolates using TSB medium isolated from polyethylene plastic waste polyethylene
important component of natural attenuation of contaminants at many hazardous waste sites. This is
the breakdown of organic contaminants by microorganisms when oxygen is absent. Some anaerobic
bacteria use nitrate, sulfate, iron, manganese, and carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor, and
organic chemicals break down into smaller compounds (Priyanka 2011). Phanerochaete
chrysosporium has been found to degrade LDPE blended with starch incubated in soil. P.
chrysosporium was able to degrade LDPE more than 50%, then P. chrysosporium grown on media
other than soil degradation occurs only 12% (Orhan and Buyukgungor 2000). Polyethylene has a
high molecular weight can be degraded by fungi that degrade lignin under conditions of limited
nitrogen and carbon limited and by manganese peroxidase. Fungi such as Mucor rouxii NRRL 1835
and Aspergillius flavus and some Streptomyces strains capable of degrading polyethylene
Isolate of 22 TSB has a physiological characteristic that is Gram-positive, rod shape, and
has no spores. The ability of isolates 22 TSB in degrading polyethylene in the presence of an
enzyme stimulator that can accelerate catalytic reaction substrates, because TSB isolates grew well
in the higher alkanes. Polyethylene is also relatively firmly linked to the bacterial surface, increased
hydrophobicity, and mediates adhesion of bacteria on the surface of the substrate and passive
TSB (under shaker culture) is quite high in the incubation period of one month (17%) were
anaerobic in isolation from polyethylene plastic waste in Kampung Utan Ciputat. The bacteria are
able to grow well on alkanes and able to utilize oxidized PE as a substrate similar chemical
structure, it also can produce strain biosurfactant required for the mobilization of soluble
Biodegradation of plastics take an active part in different soil conditions according to the
nature of the bacteria, because the microorganisms responsible for the degradation different from
each other and have optimal growth of bacteria in the soil. It is also based on research Katherisan
(2003) these bacteria Pseudomonas sp. able to degrade the plastic by 8.16% and was able to
degrade the polythene by 20.54% within one month incubation anaerobically. While this type of
fungi Aspergillus Glaucus able to degrade the plastic by 7.26% and was able to degrade the
polythene by 28.80% within one month incubation anaerobically. From the results of the
degradation of polythene faster and easier than plastic degradation. Polythene and plastics are two
polymers with wide application, both are recalcitrant and thus remain inert to degradation and
damage that leads to accumulation in the environment, and create serious environmental problems.
Therefore, further research is needed to prevent environmental damage caused by plastic and
polythene waste contamination. Have been isolated and characterized bacteria that can degrade
polyethylene plastic derived from polyethylene insulation plastic waste by 25 isolates of bacteria.
Isolates that have a high percentage of degradation (17%) isolates were 22 TSB. Isolate is a Gram
positive rod shape and do not have flagella and have no spores.
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to State Islamic University Syarif hidayatullah Jakarta, which has funded this
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Figure 1 isolate bacterial isolation results of polyethylene plastic waste with NA and TSA media.
30
25
% Degradation
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Isolate
Isolat % Degradasi