Chapter- 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction
One of the most important feature in our digitalized life is online shopping system where
consumers directly buy goods, services etc. from a seller interactively in real-time without
an intermediary service over the internet. Online shopping is the process of buying goods
and services from merchants who sell on the Internet. Since the emergence of the World
Wide Web, merchants have sought to sell their products to people who surf the Internet.
Shoppers can visit web stores from the comfort of their homes and shop as they sit in front
of the computer. Consumers buy a variety of items from online stores. Customers use the
Internet not only to buy the product online, but also to compare prices, product features and
after sale service facilities they will receive if they purchase the product from a particular
store. Many experts are optimistic about the prospect of online business. In addition to the
tremendous potential of the E-commerce market, the Internet provides a unique opportunity
for companies to more efficiently reach existing and potential customers.

E-commerce is already quite popular in Bangladesh and it is only increasing. Compared to

other countries of the world, E-commerce came at a later stage in our country but it grew
very quickly. E-commerce or Electronic Commerce is closely related to computer and
Internet. Ecommerce started in Bangladesh in the late 90s. The earlier E-commerce sites
were actually gift sites targeted towards the Non-Residential-Bangladeshis (NRB) living in
abroad. All the sites were based in abroad and had branches in Bangladesh. NRBs would
buy various products for their families or loved ones and pay in credit card. The site would
then deliver the product to their family or friend in Bangladesh. From 2000 to 2008 the
Ecommerce sector observed slow growth. There were few E-commerce websites but there
was no system for online transaction which is the first condition for E-commerce. In
addition, high cost of Internet and lower penetration meant that few people knew about
these sites.[1]

Though a miniscule amount in the global context, the Bangladeshi online shoppers’
population would make its presence felt quite remarkably Bangladeshi businesses have also
grown mature enough to move up the IT curve and they are considering Business to
consumer (B2C) e-commerce a viable revenue model.

An Online Shopping System is very important for the person who doesn’t want to go
outside for shopping. Shopping has long been considered as a refreshment by many.
Shopping in online became a recreational activity of life. The reason of developing web
based online shopping system is everyone walking down the street has some difficulties,

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also some people are so much busy and not able to go out for shopping, some don’t like to
shop in crowd. There is another reason that it’s not possible to see all the product of a store,
also its hazardous for both the customer and the seller. The world of software development
there lots of improvement in this area and to reduce the complexity of people of life online
shopping system development.

From startups to small businesses right through to huge brands, there are a huge number of
companies that can benefit from their own ecommerce website, where they can sell their
own products or services. In today’s competitive and convenience focused society, no
longer do consumers want to venture to the high street in order to buy items, instead
consumers want to shop from their own homes, making ecommerce a flexible solution for
both businesses and buyers. Ecommerce is an ideal way we can take our brand from a
traditional brick and mortar store to an innovative, well-loved brand. By offering great
products 24 hours a day along with online customer service, blogs and social media, no
longer is our business one singular store, with an online presence our business can be the
home of our products and the general home of our business, allowing us to fully expand our
product ranges without having to worry about moving locations or worrying about not
being able to expand our business.[2]

An online store is available all day long, every day our customers can visit our store at any
time, no matter what their schedule might be. These days people don’t have time to
physically go for shopping, instead more and more people are choosing to shop online to
find the items they want or need and if our business can offer this for our customers there’s
no because we shouldn't appeal to a wider range of customers all looking for a convenient
and flexible experience. Due to the internet’s accessibility, millions of people across the
world can view our website at any time, meaning that for those looking to expand our
businesses and reach out to a larger audience, we have many more opportunities to do so.
Compare the amount of people we can reach through a website to the amount we can reach
through a high street store or local advertising, there’s no reason you shouldn’t look at
taking your business online if you’re looking to improve your reach.

Ecommerce proved its importance based on the fact where time is essence. In the
commercial markets, time plays an important role to both the business and consumers.
From the business perspective, with less time spent during each transaction, more
transaction can be achieved on the same day. As for the consumer, they will save up more
time during their transaction. Because of this, Ecommerce steps in and replaced the
traditional commerce method where a single transaction can cost both parties a lot of
valuable time. With just a few clicks in minutes, a transaction or an order can be placed and
completed via the internet with ease. For instance, a banking transaction can be completed
through the Internet within a few minutes compared to the traditional banking method
which may take up to hours. This fact obviously proves that Ecommerce is beneficial to
both business and consumer wise as payment and documentations can be completed with
greater efficiency. That’s why ecommerce system is needed.

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In our online shopping system our system name is “E-Shop”. This is an electronics product
shop. Our project contains electronics product such as laptops, keyboard, mouse,
motherboard, hard disk, head phones etc. It is an online shopping system where customers
can browse the catalog and select products of interest. The selected items may be collected
in a shopping cart. At checkout time, the items in the shopping cart will be presented as an
order. At that time, more information will be needed to complete the transaction. Usually,
the customer will be asked to fill or select a billing address, a shipping address, a shipping
option, and payment information such as cash on delivery. Then the order procedure has
been completed.

Our Online Shopping System “E-Shop” is user interactive. Customer can browse our
system easily. They can add the product to the cart easily. They can see the product details
and the product pictures. A customer can choose a brand by one click. They can select the
product by the price range by selecting minimum to maximum price. They can also select
the product quantity. They can see the available products in our system. A customer can
order in our system by very easy process.[3]

1.2 Existing Systems

Daraz.com is one of the big investment e-commerce websites in Bangladesh. This site sells
all kind of products online with all type of e-commerce facilities in global standards. It has
operated a campaign named ‘Black Friday’ in this country. When they claimed discount
jointly venturing with mobile phone operator company Robi Axiata, they had faced many
criticism of right time delivery problem. At that time this site had many buy orders against
stock. This is one of the top of e-commerce sites Bangladesh.

Priyo.com was a news website in early period of internet experience in Bangladesh. This
site used to showcase news on their website gathering from daily newspapers and news
agencies. When News sites coming with lines of ant they have changed their policies. They
convert their contents to Bengali language from English. And many years later, it has got a
venture capital from a Australian investment fund.

Rokomari.com is a book seller, but after a certain time this site also started to sell other
goods such as electronics. We can remember Amazon also had started with book selling
program in United States, and making profits today as e-commerce conglomerate. May be
Rokomari.com’s CEO wants to be like Amazon. Readers are happy with Rokomari book
selling program in CASH ON DELIVERY offer.

Bikroy.com was launched in 2012 and has sections dedicated to private and business
advertisements for cars and vehicles, property, electronics, home appliances and personal
items, sport and hobby items, and jobs, among others. Classified advertisements are
currently placed on Bikroy.com free of charge and remain on the site for a period of 60
days. Bikroy.com is available in English and Bengali.

Hutbazar.com, a sister concern of Right IT Corporation, pioneered online comparison

shopping and today is one of the fastest growing shopping destinations for a comprehensive

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set of products from thousands of trusted stores from across the Web. With a singular focus
on shopping, Hutbazar.com offers shoppers easy-to-use search tools, engaging content and
time saving navigation. Hut Bazaar currently employees more than 1700 people around the
world. Their employees work in corporate offices, fulfillment centers, customer service
centers and software development centers across Bangladesh and many parts of Asia.

Cellbazar is probably the safest and most convenient choice for selling and buying all
across Bangladesh. Cell bazaar launched in 2006 as an innovative SMS service and its
ecommerce website has been in operation since 2007. The service allows anyone in
Bangladesh to buy and sell in his or her region conveniently in a very simple manner
without registration and complicated procedures. It is completely free to post an ad on
Cellbazar. Use of the Service beyond the scope of authorized access approved to you by
Cellbazar immediately terminates said permission or license. In order to collect,
cumulative, aggregate, copy, duplicate, display, demonstrate or make derivative use of the
website or any Content made available via this website for other purposes (including
commercial purposes) not stated herein, customers must first acquire a license or
permission from Cellbazar.

AjkerDeal.com is a prominent daily deal site in Bangladesh which is a concern of

bdjobs.com. The site has already become a very popular online marketplace for a large
segment of people who have access to internet. AjkerDeal has publicly launched its site on
20 November, 2011. The site is designed to offer exclusive and exciting discount and deals
on branded consumer products and services on daily basis. Ajkerdeal.com is the hub for all
sorts of discount related information. This site is an opportunity for merchants to promote
their business through a most modern way that is efficient and measurable.

Kaymu is becoming the leading online marketplace for Bangladesh. Here, in Bangladesh,
people only knew about EBay business model where buyers meet sellers and exchange
goods. Kaymu introduced the Ebay business model in Bangladesh. Kaymu is one of the
five ventures of Rocket Internet GmbH in Bangladesh. Kaymu tries to follow the successful
internet ventures from other advanced countries like United States and replicate their
strategies in emerging markets. Kaymu Bangladesh is right now providing three types of
selling; B2B, B2C, C2C. Kaymu was launched in late September 2013 and has become the
4th e-commerce site after OLX, Ekhanei and ClickBD. Kaymu mainly focuses on its buyers
and sellers. Kaymu’s clients are the sellers who sell their products on Kaymu website.
Kaymu focuses on the sellers as Kaymu’s revenue comes from its sellers sales. If Kaymu’s
sellers sell more, Kaymu makes more money, if the sellers sell less, Kaymu makes less
money. Kaymu tries to obtain the sellers who sell quality product as they look forward to
offer their buyers the quality products at the most competitive deals.

1.3 Motivation
Internet has a very bright future. If we want to increase our business and cross the
boundaries of region we need to take help of internet. Without going online, we can’t think
about our progress worldwide. In this regard we can see all large-scale business. Big brand,
big shopping store are online. Online shopping is the demand of today’s modern time. Time

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and quality is the main subject of online shopping. Today everybody is running to save time
and who saves time automatically save money. Day to day needed item is now available on
internet and people prefer to shop online. Not only for progressing but also to survive in
this competition era business internet help.[4]

Online shopping system is very popular system all over the world. Now a day it is very
popular in our country. And this is a very smart business strategy. So, we have motivated to
do this system. Customer can buy a product by a very easy process. That’s why they are
like to shopping by ecommerce system. Customer can save their time by online shopping.
They did not need to go market. A customer can get his product in a very short time and
also get the product at home also the opportunity to pay on the delivery time. That’s why
customers are also motivated to use this popular system.

It was a time of past to spared your business in market by conventional methods. Old
market is today converted in high tech markets. Today if we want to purchase any item
from abroad we need not to go or you need not to call them for a sample. We can find their
products and see the catalogue on internet. Internet enables us to shop throughout world
from the comfort of our home. Internet has some special characteristics which no other
medium has only internet can provide us such special information even no salesman can
help us as internet helps. Countless people can see products at a single movement, as well
as they can purchase the product same time. We can compare various product and choose
which is more useful for us, you have the facility to visit websites as much as we like no
restriction on our here we will find approximately all world class brands and their products
you have the facility to compare them, arrange according to many types like by price, by
size, by category, by most salvable item and many more. This facility enables you to
choose. This way of shopping provides a new way of shopping.

Consumer shopping motivation in the context of online has been well researched.
Numerous consumer needs such as browsing and searching for product, ease and
convenience, obtaining information about firms, products and brands, comparing product
features and prices, shopping 24 hours in all the days of the week, having fun and
excitement, maintaining anonymity while shopping for certain products. In fact, the
benefits that consumers derive out of the online shopping experience are two-fold, namely
functional and utilitarian dimensions. That’s why we have motivated to develop our project.
[5]

The aim of our project is to shop online very easily. There are some reasons we motivated
to do this project.

1. Customers can shop online by sitting in home. Consumer shopping motivation in

the context of online has been well researched. A customer can get his product in
a very short time.

2. Customers can get their products at home by cash on delivery system. In this
regard we can see all large-scale business. Big brand, big shopping store are
online. Online shopping is the demand of today’s modern time.

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 3. Online shopping management is very easy. It was a time of past to spared your
business in market by conventional methods. Old market is today converted in
high tech markets.

4. This system is very profitable. Day to day needed item is now available on
internet and people prefer to shop online.

5. Customers can order their products in 24 hours. Customers can buy their
products by using credit card, mobile banking and cash on delivery system.

6. Transaction system is very safe. Countless people can see products at a single
movement, as well as they can purchase the product same time. We can compare
various products.

By online shopping system customers can consume their cost. Customers can save their
many times by using this system. Today if we want to purchase any item from abroad we
need not to go or you need not to call them for a sample. Customer can buy a product by a
very easy process. That’s why they are like to shopping by ecommerce system. Customer
can save their time by online shopping. They did not need to go market.

1.4 Objectives of the project

The objective of the Shopping systems is to increase the point of customer choice, reduce
time used in shopping and efficiency in buying product. Customers don’t need to go market
for their shopping. They get their necessary things by online shopping system at home.

The main objective of this project is to develop an Online shopping Management System,
which are familiar to our people with an online shop or virtual store and the shopping cart
system. Our system brings with it a lot of advantages. To remain honest with our topic, we
take a brief look at the main objectives:

Our system overcomes Geographical barriers by making it possible to shop from virtually
from anywhere in our country providing e-commerce shopping platforms. Online shopping
system which has been developed in Bengali is relatively a quick process that can be
carried out from virtually any location with access to the internet. It saves customers a lot of
their precious time.[6]

Our Online shopping project is also a hassle free and sometimes even an enjoyable
purchasing activity as customers need not walk to stores, carry heavy loads of their
purchases back home, nor does it involve communication and burning fuels. And it does
some favor to the environment by limiting the emission of toxics with lesser use of retail
outlets and avoiding congestion. And most of the Bangladeshi will use this site enjoyably
because there is easy way to payment by mobile or online banking system and cash on
delivery.

The main aims of online shopping management system:

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 1. Enable to maintain a large amount of customer information. Our system brings
with it a lot of advantages. To remain honest with our topic, we take a brief look
at the main objectives.

2. Provide quickly and easy search of any category of products. Our system
overcomes Geographical barriers by making it possible to shop from virtually
from anywhere in our country providing e-commerce shopping platforms.

3. Provide easy transaction and sales of product. And it does some favor to the
environment by limiting the emission of toxics with lesser use of retail outlets
and avoiding congestion.

4. Provide accurate account information for product purchase. Shopping systems is

to increase the point of customer choice, reduce time used in shopping and
efficiency in buying product. Customers don’t need to go market for their
shopping.

5. Our Online shopping project is also a hassle free and sometimes even an
enjoyable Generate automated order receipt. For getting products sitting at home.
It saves customers a lot of their precious time.

6. Cost consumes of the products. Our Online shopping project is also a hassle free
and sometimes even an enjoyable purchasing activity as customers need not
walk to stores, carry heavy loads of their purchases.

1.5 Contribution
We have implemented our project in various kinds of functions. In our system customers
can search for their preferable products and also able to find the desire products. The one of
the most important features of our system is brand filtering. A customer can choose his
product by brand filtering or just click on the brands name. And another most important
implemented function is price range module. By this module a user can set the price
between minimum to maximum price by his ability. Our system also contains the category
option so that customers can choose their product by category. There is very easy option to
add to cart for their preferable products and they can order any product in a very easy
process.

In our online shopping system has very effective admin panel so that the admins can
manage the whole system very easily. In our admin panel there are many functions are
contained. One of the most important functions is stock availability and stock notification.
An admin can see the quantity of the product or how much products are available in our
stock. Moreover, admin can see the availability status of empty, low and available products.
Another most important feature we have implemented in our system is sales report where
admin can see the daily sales report and also can see the one month’s sales report. In sales

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report there contains date picker and admin can see the report by any date for enquiry on
the basis of his need.[7]

1. One of the most important features of our system is brand filtering. A customer can
choose his product by brand filtering or just click on the brands name. And another
most important implemented function is price range module.

2. This system also contains the category option so that customers can choose their
product by category. There is very easy option add to cart for their preferable
products and they can order any product in a very easy process.

3. Another most important implemented function is price range module. By this

module a user can set the price between minimum to maximum price by his ability.

4. One of the most important functions is stock availability and stock notification. An
admin can see the quantity of the product or how much products are available in our
stock. Moreover, admin can see the availability status of empty, low and available
products.

5. Another most important feature we have implemented in our system is sales report
where admin can see the daily sales report and also can see the one month’s sales
report.

1.6 Organization of project

In chapter 2 explains existing system, existing or supporting literature and analysis of
existing system. In existing system, we will discuss about the history of online shopping
and how online shopping has started in Bangladesh. Moreover, in this part we will also
discuss about the many types of existing online shop and functionalities of the existing
online shop. In supporting literature, we will describe about the all types of tools that we
have used in our system. From analysis of existing system, we will come to know proses
and cons of online shopping system.

Chapter 3 consists of the feasibility study, requirement analysis, system design and
implementation. In feasibility study part we will discuss technical feasibility, economical
feasibility, operational feasibility, behavioral feasibility and legal feasibility. In this chapter
next part is requirement analysis. Here, we will discuss about the functional and
nonfunctional requirements. Then next part is system design. In this part we will describe
how we have designed our system. In implementations part of this chapter we will discuss
about front end, forms design, report design, back end, database design.

Chapter 4 explains about the experimental results of our project and analysis of the result
and also discuss about the applications of our project. In result analysis part we will discuss
about the report or output of our system and we will know about the daily, weekly and

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yearly sales chart of our system. In application part we will describe about the real time
uses and financial benefits of our system.[8]

Chapter 5 discusses about the system requirements, user interfaces or the screenshots of our
system. In system requirements part we will discuss about the hardware requirements and
software requirements for client and server. In user interfaces part we will give all the
screenshots of our system.

Chapter 6 concludes the report of our system. In this chapter we will discuss about
limitation and future works. In limitation part we will discuss about the limitation of our
system. In future works we will discuss about the modules which we will develop in future.

1.7 Conclusions
The Internet has become a major resource in modern business, thus electronic shopping has
gained significance not only from the entrepreneur’s but also from the customer’s point of
view. For the entrepreneur, electronic shopping generates new business opportunities and
for the customer, it makes comparative shopping possible. We have implemented an online
shopping system “E-Shop”. In this system the containing products are electronic. Because
now a day’s electronic products are very popular to the people. We have implemented very
important module such as brand filtering, price range bar, product availability etc. From the
administrative view we have implemented the module such as stock availability and stock
notification and sales report etc. We have chosen this system because now a day it is very
popular all over the world as well as in our country. This system is very useful for a user or
customer. Customer can search, add to cart, and view the specification of our product, order
products by very easy process. A customer loves this system because he does not need to
go outside for shopping. He can get the product by sitting at home. So, he saves many times
by online shopping system. A customer can choose a brand and category and price range in
very easy way. In future we will work more in our system. We will do our system more
user friendly so that customer can easily order the product from our online electronic store.
Though in our system now only cash on delivery system is available in future we will
implement the online payment system. We will also implement the comparison between
two or more products.[9]

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 Chapter-2
Existing Systems

2.1 Introduction
The current literature on consumer online purchasing decisions has mainly concentrated on
identifying the factors which affect the willingness of consumers to engage in internet
shopping.

In the domain of consumer behavior research, there are general models of buying behavior
that depict the process which consumers use in making a purchase decision. These models
are very important to marketers as they have the ability to explain and predict consumers
purchase behavior. Rapid growth of world`s internet population and adoption of ICT in
different sectors have reshaped the way of communication and demand utilizing its
potentials to the development of trade and commerce. Speed, efficiency, effectiveness,
energy and other uniqueness of the technology made it as the fastest adopted and diffused
technology until the 21st century.

The explosion in the use of electronic commerce (e-commerce) by the business sector has
been tremendous since its inception only a few years ago. From governments to
multinational companies to one-person start-ups, e-commerce is increasingly viewed as a
key business modality of the future. Ease of transaction, widening markets, and decreased
overheads are factors that make e-commerce solutions more and more attractive, as evident
with the growth of online sales.

The world trade organization and different round discussions on the trade related issues
have opened up a new arena of global competition. Developing countries technological
fitness is must in searching new market and making buyer-seller relationship to achieve the
competitiveness in the global market. The World Wide Web (WWW) can be considered as
the right way which provides the opportunity to overcome the barrier of time and place in
building buyer-seller relationship. Thus, E-Commerce should be adopted as the effective
media for marketing and selling of a product or services through the internet.[10]

2.2 Existing Systems

We have tried to finding a unique project idea. The Online Shopping System is an existing
idea, but we tried to represents it with new look and new architecture. We also tried to find
importance and advantages of this project. In the existing system all transactions, dealings
of products, purchasing of products were done manually which is time consuming. Reports
are prepared manually as and when needed. Maintaining of reports is very tedious task. To
buy any product user has to collect information about it either by visiting the shop or asking

10
people which is the better one. There is no computer system for handling payments. All
calculations are performed manually which may not be accurate always. Maintaining the
record is really a tedious task. There is no computer system for handling payments. All
calculations are performed manually which may not be accurate always. Maintaining the
record is really a tedious task. Any user can use this existing website to search for any kind
of products, select particular products from a wide range of products. Once they make of
their mind to purchase any particular thing they can place an order and make a payment
throw various available payment option.

An expansion of the literature and an analysis of various kinds of text books, articles,
journal and common related website in the field of customer service in e-commerce are
reviewed in this study. Principles and techniques are used to introduce a general knowledge
regarding to electronic transaction and its benefit and advantages of the customer service
strategy. Adding the point, a critical analysis on theories that explains queries about how
the customer service can provide that service is one of the main stream of business for
sustain and enhance the business that maintaining the previous customer and gaining
potential customers.[11]

Buffam depicted that companies that build the better e-business solutions will outperform
their competitors. Companies that build the very best e-business solutions will transform
themselves into zero-latency enterprises. Companies that choose not to embrace e-business,
or do so ineffectively, will underperform or be driven out of business. Turban et al. argued
that following points of managerial issues are very important: Focus of Electronic
commerce management; Sales promotion; Purchase process reengineering; Just-in –Time
delivery; new electronic intermediary business; Provision of solutions; Business ethics.

Hoq, Kamal and Chowdhury argued that a key reason why ecommerce, especially the
business-to-business segment, is growing so quickly is its significant impact on costs
associated with inventories, sales execution, procurement, intangibles like banking, and
distribution costs. Uddin and Islam observed that the multifarious projections of ICT in
human life plead a wining case for institutional integration of ICT related components in
rural support programs taken by Governments and NGOs. Chaffey dealt with strategy and
applications of E-Business and E-Commerce in a logical but robust manner. He stressed
that e-business and e-commerce is very important for management implications as such a
bridge to link leading edge research and professional practice is required. From the
aforesaid literature review, it is evident that online banking can act as a complementary
towards ebusiness. With the help of e-business the country can create opportunities as this
will help both producers and customers. But these theoretical observations may not be
feasible in this country. As such the study seeks to evaluate whether the country has proper
infrastructure for doing e-business? What are the statuses of e-business in our country?
Does online transaction really works as a complementary to e-business in Bangladesh?
Aforesaid questions arises which the study intends to examine.

This report is important for further researchers in their research. I’m pretty sure that this
report will add value to the existing research. This report is prepared in a structured way

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and it is full of important information. E-commerce in Bangladesh actually stated in the
year of 1999 based in USA with some non-resident Bangladeshis. This people opened some
Bangladeshi sites focused on providing local news and some transactional things like
sending gift items to Bangladesh. www.munshigi.com is the first ever Bangladeshi e-
commerce web site. There are many other online shopping system in Bangladesh such as
chorka.com, bikroy.com, othoba.com, cellbazar.com, daraz.com, ajkerdeal.com,
priyoshop.com etc. Some of the online shopping systems are discussing below.

1. Daraz.com
2. PriyoShop
3. Rokomari
4. Bikroy.com
5. HutBazar.com
6. Cellbazar.com
7. Ajkerdeal.com
8. Kaymu.com

2.2.1 Daraz.com
Daraz.com is one of the big investment e-commerce websites in Bangladesh. This site sells
all kind of products online with all type of e-commerce facilities in global standards. It has
operated a campaign named ‘Black Friday’ in this country. When they claimed discount
jointly venturing with mobile phone operator company Robi Axiata, they had faced many
criticism of right time delivery problem. At that time this site had many buy orders against
stock. This is one of the top of e-commerce sites Bangladesh. Daraz Bangladesh is a piece
of Rocket Internet, a worldwide and driving incubator of new startups working specifically
in web based business. Daraz Bangladesh began operations in 2015 in Bangladesh. It has
been quickly developing and griping the number one position in this business sectors.
Daraz Bangladesh has a youthful, energetic and entrepreneurial group of employees. They
are eager to convey creative web ideas to the fast changing Bangladeshi market. Presently
Daraz is focused in growing its business exercises in Bangladesh.[12]

Bangladesh is a growing nation with huge prospects of development. It is an excellent place

to invest assets into. Regardless, the world is propelling but Bangladesh seems to be
tolerating its conditions for what it has. However, a change seems to be coming our way as
businesses are planning to go the online world and this is increasing productivity. Most of
the business divisions are being benefitted by this. Moreover, in perspective of the changes
and development which the websites offer, another portion has created, "online business".
Online business or electronic exchange isn't just another thought as it has been with us for
the last few decades. It was quite recently the beginning of e-trade and now it has become
available everywhere in the world. With the help of globalization and increasing
development is our country, e-commerce is getting a whole new market to operate.

Daraz Bangladesh is an online business which operates as a marketplace. It is a shopping

center which provides people with various options, for example: fashion items for man-

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ladies and children, sports and gaming items, home and lining products etc. Daraz allows its
customer to welcome amazing shopping experiences with their demand sent directly to
their doorstep. They are persistently stretching out their extent to consolidate the latest
gadgets, styles and products.

Bangladesh has enormous number of people who pull in a considerable measure of vendors
to offer their things. However, still a large part of our population is unaware of the online
shopping options and need to be trained on using it. A gigantic section of people have no
idea with respect to the utilization of web and this has become a challenge for the online
businesses. Although the government is trying to ensure internet access all though out
Bangladesh is still a long way to go. However, the best part is with this access the online
community is also growing bit by bit.

Daraz is a medium for sellers and buyers where the vendors get to display their products
and buyers get the opportunity to get everything at once. It is an online B2C kind of
offering and this business model seems to have taken a positive view from the customers ‟
side. By adding more sellers to the website, Daraz is focused to increase its customer range
even more. It is a place where the buyers can find vendors easily and choose from a large
selection of products.

There are eleven broad categories of products available at Daraz now and these are:

i. Fashion products
ii. Phones & Tablets
iii. Sports & Travel
iv. TV, Audio & Camera
v. Computing and Gaming
vi. Home & Living
vii. Baby, Kids and Toys
viii. Beauty & Health ix. Appliances
x. Grocer’s shop

These categories are constantly being modified to meet the customer demand. Moreover,
the grocery items have been added very recently in the mid of 2017 and has seen a big
success in the Bangladeshi market. Daraz always tries to make the buyers feel as
comfortable as possible and tries to make the system as convenient as they can. For
example, there are many payment options from which buyers can choose their preferred
method such as, Bkash payment, card payment etc. Daraz also have a 7 days product return
policy from which customers can even get cash back offers.[13].

2.2.2 PriyoShop
Priyo.com was a news website in early period of internet experience in Bangladesh. This
site used to showcase news on their website gathering from daily newspapers and news
agencies. When News sites coming with lines of ant they have changed their policies. They
convert their contents to Bengali language from English. And many years later, it has got a

13
venture capital from a Australian investment fund. And then they launched their e-
commerce wing named Priyo Shop as Priyo.com/shop.

The domain name www.priyoshop.com is owned by PriyoShop.com Limited, whose

registered office is at 39 North Road, Vuter Goli, Near Kalabagan Thana, Dhanmondi,
Dhaka 1205. Your use of this e-commerce portal and services and tools are governed by the
following terms and conditions (Terms of Use) as applicable to the website. When you visit
the website, you are subject to the policies that are applicable here. For the purpose of these
Terms of Use, wherever the context so requires ‘You’ or ‘User’ or ‘Visitor’ will mean any
natural or legal person who has agreed to become a member of the site by signing up.
PriyoShop allows user to surf the website or making purchases without registering on the
website. The term “we”, “us”, “our” will mean PriyoShop.com.[14].

When you use PriyoShop.com, we collect and store your personal information which is
provided by you from time to time. Our primary goal in doing so is to provide you a safe,
efficient, and customized experience. This allows us to provide services and features that
most likely meet your needs. If you choose to buy on the website, we collect information
about your buying behavior. If you choose to mail us or leave feedback, we will collect that
information you provide to us. We retain this information as necessary to resolve disputes,
provide customer support and troubleshoot problems as permitted by law. In our efforts to
continually improve our product and service offerings, we collect and analyze demographic
and profile data about our users’ activity on our website. Our website may link to other
websites too. These links are provided for your convenience to provide further information.
PriyoShop.com is not responsible for the practices, term of use or the content of those
linked websites.

This website contains materials which are owned by us. These materials include, but are not
limited to, the design, look, appearance, data, and graphics. Reproduction is prohibited
other than in accordance with the copyright law. Unauthorized use of this site may give rise
to a claim for damages. Products at this e-commerce portal are sold by respective sellers.
All materials on this site are protected by copyrights, trademarks, and other intellectual
property rights. Material on website is solely for personal and non-commercial use of users.
Without the prior written consent of the owner, modification or use of the materials on any
other website is violation of the law, and is prohibited. We reserve the right to change,
modify, add or remove portions of these Terms of Use at any time without any prior written
notice. If we decide to change the terms of use, we will post those changes on this page so
that you are always aware of what information we collect and how we use it.

This privacy policy sets out how PriyoShop.com uses and protects any information that you
give here when you use this website. We view protection of your privacy as a very
important principle. We are committed to ensuring your privacy here. Your information
will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement whenever we ask you to
provide any information by which you can be identified while using this website.
You will be required to enter a valid phone number while signing up and placing an order
on PriyoShop. By registering your phone number with us, you consent to be contacted by

14
us via phone calls and/or SMS, in case of any order or delivery related updates. PriyoShop
will not use your personal information to initiate any promotional phone call or SMS. We
store and process your information in computers that are protected by physical as well as
reasonable technological security measures. PriyoShop may change this privacy policy
from time to time if needed by updating this page. Please check this page periodically to
ensure that you are happy with our privacy policy.[15]

PriyoShop.com opens the doorway for everybody to shop over the Internet. Our dedicated
PriyoShop quality assurance team works round the clock personally to make sure the right
packages reach on time. Our services are at your doorsteps with the lowest delivery charge.
We process all deliveries through reputed courier service as well as our in house delivery
team. We deliver products all over the Bangladesh. If there is any modification in delivery
charge for a particular item, it will be mentioned in product details.

Order confirmation and delivery completion are subject to product availability. Delivery
time may differ from one item to another. It can differ from standard delivery to beyond
that. If your delivery address is within Dhaka city, products will be delivered by within 2
business days. If it is outside Dhaka then it will take 3-4 business days. If you order after 6
PM, it will be considered as an order of next business day. Saturday to Thursday except
public holidays. There are some exceptional items that we import from outside Bangladesh.
These items can take 10 or more days to reach you. However, you will receive your order
within the time specified. You can make your purchases on PriyoShop and get delivery
from anywhere in the world. Delivery charge varies according to customers' country. In
case of paid order, PriyoShop.com cannot be held liable if customer does not receive it
within 2 months.

We provide great customer experience each time you shop with your PriyoShop. If you are
not satisfied with your purchase, we ensure ‘Replacement Guarantee’. We will replace your
purchased product if the product has any defect by its manufacturer or if the product is not
the same one you ordered. All you need to do is give us a call or drop an email at
admin@priyoshop.com within a period of 24 hours from the date of delivery. However,
please return the product with the tags intact and in their original packaging, in an
unwashed and undamaged condition. Replacement for products is subject to inspection and
checking by PriyoShop team. Replacement cannot be possible if the product is burnt,
damaged by short circuit, or broken by customer. We give the option of taking back the
product from your doorstep at Dhaka. If reverse pickup is not possible from your doorstep,
you can send it by courier. Damages due to neglect, improper usage or application will not
be covered under our 'Replacement Guarantee’.

In case of products sold out at merchant's end, customer can choose any other product from
our website or can keep the amount debited to his account till 30 days for next purchase. In
case of refunding card payment, the refund will be returned directly to the customer's
debit/credit card if customer claims a refund to his bank. Then we will be informed about it
via SSLCommerzBD and take necessary initiatives. Card payment can be refunded only to
the card holder's account via bank and cannot be refunded partially as per policy. We are

15
committed to ensure the security of your information. We maintain suitable physical,
electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure your information by
preventing unauthorized access. Read here how we use cookies, debit/credit cards, other
websites and contents.[16]

A cookie is a small file which asks permission to be placed on your computer's hard drive.
Cookies allow web applications to respond to you as an individual. The web application can
tailor its operations to your needs, likes and dislikes by gathering and remembering
information about your preferences. We only use this information for statistical analysis
purposes and then the data is removed from the system. A cookie in no way gives us access
to your computer or any information about you, other than the data you choose to share
with us.

Shopping at PriyoShop is 100% safe. All Credit card and Debit card payments on
PriyoShop are processed through secure and trusted payment gateways. When you transact
here, you pay at the payment page which is incorporated with your respected bank. So, your
bank deals with your credit/debit card information. You can be assured that PriyoShop
offers you the highest standards of security currently available on the internet so as to
ensure that your shopping experience is private, safe and secure.

Our website may contain links to other websites of interest. However, once you have used
these links to leave our site, you should note that we do not have any control over the other
websites. Therefore, we cannot be responsible for the protection and privacy of any
information which you provide whilst visiting such sites. We provide security only at our
website. You agree that any information submitted belongs to you or you have permission
to submit them. Content means but is not restricted to text, graphics, photos, logos,
audio/video files etc. You agree to indemnify us from all responsibility and not hold us
responsible for displaying any information you submit to us.[17]

2.2.3 Rokomari
Rokomari.com is a book seller, but after a certain time this site also started to sell other
goods such as electronics. We can remember Amazon also had started with book selling
program in United States, and making profits today as e-commerce conglomerate. May be
Rokomari.com’s CEO wants to be like Amazon. Readers are happy with Rokomari book
selling program in CASH ON DELIVERY offer. But this site sometimes annoys customers
sending new book arrivals. And very few book reviews in this website can’t help readers to
choose a book correctly. E-commerce sites Bangladesh has listed this for books.

Welcome to Rokomari.com. Rokomari.com provides website features and other products

and services to you when you visit or shop at rokomari.com. By using Rokomari Services,
you agree to these conditions. Please read them carefully. By subscribing to or using any of
our services you agree that you have read, understood and are bound by the Terms,
regardless of how you subscribe to or use the services. In these Terms, references to "you",
"User" shall mean the user end, "Service Providers" mean independent third party service

16
providers, and "we", "us" and "our" shall mean Onnorokom Web Services Limited, its
franchisor, affiliates and partners.

The domain name www.rokomari.com (referred to as "Website") is owned by Onnorokom

Web Services Limited a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1994(Act XVIII
of 1994). By accessing this Site, you confirm your understanding of the Terms of Use. If
you do not agree to these Terms, you shall not use this website. The Site reserves the right
to change, modify, add, or remove portions of these Terms at any time. Changes will be
effective when posted on the Site with no other notice provided. Please check these Terms
of Use regularly for updates. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of
changes to these Terms of Use constitutes your acceptance of those changes.

You will receive a password and account designation upon completing the Website's
registration process. You shall be responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your
account & its password as well as all the transactions/requests done/received under your
password or account. You agree to (a) immediately notify Rokomari.com of any
unauthorized use of your password or account or any other breach of security, and (b)
ensure that you exit from your account at the end of each session. Rokomari.com shall not
be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with the T&C.[18]

Rokomari.com provides a number of Internet-based services through the Web Site (all such
services, collectively, the "Service"). One such service enables users to purchase books
from various publishers.(Collectively, "Products"). The Products can be purchased through
the Website through various methods of payments offered. Upon placing an order,
Rokomari.com shall ship the product to you and you shall be responsible for its payment.

The User agrees and undertakes not to reverse engineer, modify, copy, distribute, transmit,
display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, create derivative works from, transfer, or sell
any information or software obtained from the Website. Limited reproduction and copying
of the content of the Website is permitted provided that Rokomari's name is stated as the
source and prior written permission of Rokomari.com is sought. For the removal of doubt,
it is clarified that unlimited or wholesale reproduction, copying of the content for
commercial or non-commercial purposes and unwarranted modification of data and
information within the content of the Website is not permitted.

Please note that there are cases when an order cannot be processed for various reasons. The
Site reserves the right to refuse or cancel any order for any reason at any given time. You
may be asked to provide additional verifications or information, including but not limited to
phone number and address, before we accept the order. We are determined to provide the
most accurate pricing information on the Site to our users; however, errors may still occur,
such as cases when the price of an item is not displayed correctly on the website. As such,
we reserve the right to refuse or cancel any order. In the event that an item is mispriced, we
may, at our own discretion, either contact you for instructions or cancel your order and
notify you of such cancellation. We shall have the right to refuse or cancel any such orders
whether or not the order has been confirmed and your debit/credit card charged. All prices
posted on this website are subject to change without notice. Prices prevailing at

17
commencement of placing the order will apply. Posted prices do includes all taxes and
charges. In case there are any additional charges or taxes the same will be mentioned on the
website.

Unless otherwise indicated or anything contained to the contrary or any proprietary material
owned by a third party and so expressly mentioned, Rokomari.com owns all Intellectual
Property Rights to and into the Website, including, without limitation, any and all rights,
title and interest in and to copyright, related rights, patents, utility models, trademarks, trade
names, service marks, designs, know-how, trade secrets and inventions (whether patentable
or not), goodwill, source code, meta tags, databases, text, content, graphics, icons, and
hyperlinks. You acknowledge and agree that you shall not use, reproduce or distribute any
content from the Website belonging to Rokomari.com without obtaining authorization from
Rokomari.com.[19]

Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is expressly clarified that you will retain ownership and
shall solely be responsible for any content that you provide or upload when using any
Service, including any text, data, information, images, photographs, music, sound, video or
any other material which you may upload, transmit or store when making use of our various
Service. However, with regard to the product customization Service (as against other
Services like blogs and forums) you expressly agree that by uploading and posting content
on to the Website for public viewing and reproduction/use of your content by third party
users, you accept the User whereby you grant a non-exclusive license for the use of the
same.

2.2.4 Bikroy.com
Bikroy.com was launched in 2012 and has sections dedicated to private and business
advertisements for cars and vehicles, property, electronics, home appliances and personal
items, sport and hobby items, and jobs, among others. Classified advertisements are
currently placed on Bikroy.com free of charge and remain on the site for a period of 60
days. Bikroy.com is available in English and Bengali. The site came into the local media
spotlight following a formal press conference event held in Dhaka on 18 October 2012.
Bikroy launched membership services in May 2016, which allowed users to have a
dedicated page of their own with business details, photos and all their advertisements.
Members could post extended numbers of advertisements through different membership
packages and receive free promotions, shop stickers, business cards and a dedicated team
for assistance. In 2016, Bikroy for the second time in a row was ranked in the top three
internet sites in Bangladesh by Milward Brown's top of mind (TOM) survey. The survey
was conducted on 1008 local internet users in Bangladesh. Bikroy partnered with a2i in
August 2016 to implement ecommerce services, establish training institutes and create
support for developing polytechnic skills for the rural people of Bangladesh.[20]

Mission of Bikroy.com is to build leading online marketplaces in Bangladesh while

creating sustainable value for the community. In this regard, Bikroy.com is an online
classified site which has given customers access to second hand goods as well as setting up
a transparent marketplace for them where market prices are dependent on supply and

18
demand of goods, rather than artificial price fixing. Bikroy.com began its operations 4 years
ago, and very quickly became the largest online marketplace in Bangladesh. In the near
future Bikroy.com will expand its value added services for its customers and business
partners, and allow them to buy and sell goods more easily. In this regard, Bikroy.com has
already launched ‘Bikroy Delivers’ within Dhaka, which allows their sellers to deliver their
goods directly to the buyer through them, and thus increases the level of security for both
parties.

Bikroy.com is a website where anyone can buy and sell almost everything. The best deals
are often done with people who live in same city or same street. That’s why on Bikroy.com,
it's easy to buy and sell locally. Everyone who wants to buy and sell have to select region. It
takes less than 2 minutes to post an ad on Bikroy.com. One can sign up for a free account
and post ads easily every time. Bikroy.com has the widest selection of popular second hand
items all over Bangladesh, which makes it easy to find exactly what are looking for. So if
anyone looking for a car, mobile phone, house, computer or maybe a pet, he/she will find
the best deal on Bikroy.com. Bikroy.com does not specialize in any specific category. Here
one can buy and sell items in more than 50 different categories. It also carefully reviews all
ads that are being published, to make sure the quality is up to the standards.[21]

Customers have lots of variety so the organization should connect them emotionally and
build long term relationship with them. The Bikroy.com should involve their customer
emotionally loyal so that it helps them to build sustainable relationship. Having a strong
and established brand in the market, determine the strong position o the product or service
in the market. If any organization can establish them as a brand in the market their success
is must. None can defeat themselves from being successful because people have soft corner
towards the branded products or services. Ultimately we can say that it determine the
success of the business.

The strength of the company brand is the indicator of the company market share because
brand helps to increase the market share of the organization. So every branded organization
evaluates their brand performance in order to know the company performance. Measuring
the brand is determine the way how close the brand of its customers. It also helps to
increase the selling of products or services within shortest possible time. Ultimately we can
say that brand has unique value towards the market growth, market share and profit or
revenue earning of the organization. To promote Bikroy.com many event activities have
been planned, including, but not limited to their recently-ended Deem Parbe Na Charity
Drive with the JAAGO Foundation, their Qurbani Cow Haat activity, and university
outreach programs. The initial aim of this company was to be the only classifieds site of
any note in Bangladesh. Given that it came in as the number two player and is now the
largest online marketplace in Bangladesh.

Bikroy.com has reached the highest searching online website for buying and selling in
Bangladesh. In 2016, Bikroy.com for the second time in a row was ranked in the top three
internet sites in Bangladesh after Facebook and YouTube by Milward Brown's top of mind
(TOM) survey. The survey was conducted on 1008 local internet users in Bangladesh.

19
Bikroy.com partnered with a2i in August, 2016 to implement e-commerce services,
establish training institutes and create support for developing polytechnic skills for the rural
people of Bangladesh.

2.2.5 HutBazar.com
Hutbazar.com, a sister concern of Right IT Corporation, pioneered online comparison
shopping and today is one of the fastest growing shopping destinations for a comprehensive
set of products from thousands of trusted stores from across the Web. With a singular focus
on shopping, Hutbazar.com offers shoppers easy-to-use search tools, engaging content and
time saving navigation. Hut Bazaar currently employees more than 1700 people around the
world. Their employees work in corporate offices, fulfillment centers, customer service
centers and software development centers across Bangladesh and many parts of Asia.

The website is dedicated for customers to buy products online. All they have to do is
choose from the wide range of variety products made available by the website, choose their
desired products and place an order. It will be soon that they will receive their product at
their door step.

Hutbazar allows the customers to choose from a wide range of products. The categories are
Beauty & Fragrances, Books & Magazines, CDs & DVDs, Clothing & Accessories,
Computers & Softwares, Electronics, Fish, Meat & Egg, Flowers & Gifts, Foods, Fruits,
Groceries & Vegetables, Handicrafts, Health & Fitness, Home & Garden, Kids & Babies,
Live & Pet, Office Stationeries, and Sports etc. [22]

The customers will look for their desired products online. They will have to register first of
course. They will paste the shipping address. The payment will be made by credit card,
after a specific time, their desired product will reach their doorstep made possible by the
team of hutbazar. The modern customers who are smart enough to use the technology to
utilize their valuable time and not wasting it can find themselves drawn to the service of
this website because they won’t have to set foot outside their home to get products of their
desire. Gone are days when people had to travel miles to get what they wanted; business
like hutbazar identified the needs of customers and gave them delight.

Hutbazar is a portal which has linked various renowned brands at one place. For example
one is able to order two different types of pizza made by pizza hut and dominos from the
website without going there. The opportunity to choose from these mega stores or brands
by a single click is very amusing because hypothetically one had to go miles to hit all the
stores from where they have ordered if one had to go on foot. But instead they have the
opportunity to choose all the brands from their home. What hutbazar does is keep their
profit for being the middleman of the deal. They have to be paid by credit card. Their
charges differ for person to person for the matter of distance.

SWOT analysis is describing following. The strengths are various products to choose from,
hassles free transaction where buyers don’t have to go outside, home delivery, strong
network in the whole country, many renowned brands under one roof. Weakness of the

20
SWOT analysis are lack of promotion of the website itself, they don’t have many options to
choose from under the sub categories for example the CDs they are trying to sell are 3/4
years old and they lack the latest products, unattractive website design; lack of creativity.
Opportunities of SWOT analysis are people are getting more aware of e-business which
will increase their business in future, increasing options for consumers under sub
categories. Threats for SWOT analysis are lack of understanding of the general consumer
of Bangladesh i.e. non familiar to do business online, other organizations providing the
same service .[23]

2.2.6 Cellbazar.com
Cellbazar is probably the safest and most convenient choice for selling and buying all
across Bangladesh. Cell bazaar launched in 2006 as an innovative SMS service and its
ecommerce website has been in operation since 2007. The service allows anyone in
Bangladesh to buy and sell in his or her region conveniently in a very simple manner
without registration and complicated procedures. It is completely free to post an ad on
Cellbazar. Use of the Service beyond the scope of authorized access approved to you by
Cellbazar immediately terminates said permission or license. In order to collect,
cumulative, aggregate, copy, duplicate, display, demonstrate or make derivative use of the
website or any Content made available via this website for other purposes (including
commercial purposes) not stated herein, customers must first acquire a license or
permission from Cellbazar.

In developing countries, the access to the internet is not widespread. Therefore, many
consumers depend heavily on conducting business with their cell phones through a series of
short messages. With no existing business firm providing consumer to consumer cell
business, CellBazaar realized an opportunity existed to change the way business was done
by eliminating the intermediary. While CellBazaar’s potential target market is wide,
encompassing urban, non-urban and rural populations, it is currently focused on marketing
to the rural population, particularly in its test market of Bangladesh. CellBazaar generates
its revenues from data usage on all platforms and increases use of airtime minutes as
consumers conduct business.

The mobile phone has surpassed the computer in terms of fastest growing technology. For
menu users, it fulfills a wide array of needs and has become an essential technology.
However, as a first entrant, CellBazaar has had to face the challenges of being a market
pioneer. One of the major drawbacks being the lack of mobile literacy, which has required
the company devote time and resources to “educating” consumers. A mobile-phone-based
market such as cellBazaar is likely to do well, and early numbers bear this out. According
to CellBazaar, it had over 1.5 million users and averaged 90,000 hits a day (including page
views and SMS messages) in 2009. Its registered seller base was 51,000 and its
unregistered user base was thirty times that size.[24]

Using SMS, WAP technology or the internet, buyers and sellers can find each other at
CellBazaar. A farmer can easily sell his or her products by sending simple text messages,
just as a teacher can offer his or her services. Users pay only the standard SMS or GPRS

21
charges for accessing the service, and there are no monthly or posting fees. It works on 4
synchronized platforms. SMS (Short Message Service) has been phenomenally popular
since its introduction in Bangladesh. CellBazaar leverages the simple, widespread power of
SMS to bring the market to your phone. By sending simple text messages to 3838, one can
post items for sale, look for items to buy, and obtain current market prices of products or
services.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is the next generation of mobile phone technology.
12% of all mobile set in Bangladesh are already WAP-enable, and this number is growing
rapidly. WAP provides an even faster experience as you browse a simple graphic menu to
access the entire marketplace. WEB version shows the entire market at a glance on
computer screen. Anyone with internet access can browse the market, and post items for
sale. Items by WEB, WAP or SMS are instantly visible to users of any platform. WEB
platform also makes the local mobile-based market available to an international audience.

Any Grameenphone user can dial 38383 and listen to the latest items o on the market in
Bengali. After dialing 3838, users choose from 8 categories: Jobs, Mobile Phones,
Agriculture, Motorcycle, Car, Electronics, Computers, and To-Let. Every few hours, users
will hear new information through this service.

Most services like cellBazzaar that work over SMS operate with premium SMS-pricing.
Premium SMS refer to SMS for which users pay a premium over standard messaging costs,
with the revenue shared between service provider and telecommunications operator. Some
development projects pay the premium themselves rather than making users pay, but in
either case, a premium is charged by telecommunications operators. SMSs sent to
cellBazaar cost a user the same price as a standard SMS. GrameenPhone, CellBazaar’s
partner, shares a percentage of the messaging revenue with CellBazaar. CellBazaar also
gets revenue from users that access its WAP and voice services similarly another source of
revenue that mservices do not usually access. Of course, this revenue-sharing model would
not be possible without a strong partnership with GrameenPhone, CellBazaar’s only core
partner.

From the SWOT analysis of CellBazaar strengths are describing below. First one to bring
the concept of mobile dealing. Smart business that helps seller and buyer to meet directly.
Various options’ for sellers and buyers. Powerful media by which one can buy and sell
necessary products within a very short time. Wide customer range with frequent visits.
Attractive web design. Partnership with the largest telecom company. Promote a very large
number of products. Weakness of SWOT analysis are lack of awareness about the site; very
small number of people from rural area know about activities of the organization. Lack of
awareness in total population of Bangladesh. As a pioneer they have not created enough
space on people’s mind. No place for giving education to the rural people who badly need
it. Now the SWOT analysis opportunities are people are getting more aware of e business
which will increase their business in future. People are liking the idea of having no
middleman inside their dealings. At last threats of SWOT analysis are lack of
understanding of the general consumer of Bangladesh i.e. non familiar to do business

22
online. People do not feel secure in dealing on line. Some new companies are emerging
with this same business concept.
2.2.7 Ajkerdeal.com
AjkerDeal.com is a prominent daily deal site in Bangladesh which is a concern of
bdjobs.com. The site has already become a very popular online marketplace for a large
segment of people who have access to internet. AjkerDeal has publicly launched its site on
20 November, 2011. The site is designed to offer exclusive and exciting discountand deals
on branded consumer products and services on daily basis. Ajkerdeal.com is the hub for all
sorts of discount related information. This site is an opportunity for merchants to promote
their business through a most modern way that is efficient and measurable.

The deal of the day business model benefits both retailers and consumers as retailers build
brand loyalty and while quickly moving surplus inventory. The majority of deal of the day
sites works directly with local businesses and online retailers to develop a deal offering
which includes a significant discount against regular price for a particular product. The
special discount offer valid for a limited time period, during this time the website do
different kind of e-commerce based promotion.

The deal of the day concept gained popularity with the launching of Woot.com in July
2004. In November 2008, Groupon entered the market and became the second fastest online
company to reach a billion dollar valuation. A daily deal site ajkerdeal.com has been doing
their business by having very good relationship with merchant. AjkerDeal business
development team member fix appointment with some merchant from different company.
After that they will give a short presentation to the merchant about AjkerDeal promotional
activities and how AjkerDeal will create an extra millage for their offering product/service.
If the merchant convince to make an agreement with AjkerDeal then the business
development team makes a plan about the deal. AjkerDeal have different kind of e-
commerce based promotional tools through which they can reach the maximum number of
customer to deliver the message of the attractive offer.[24]

As ajkerdeal.com is a new project of bdjobs, that’s why AjkerDeal give an advertisement

on the category page of bdjobs.com which is very strong advertisement of AjkerDeal
because bdjobs.com per day visitor is more than any other e-commerce site. So that when a
visitor enter into bdjobs.com category page he/she will must look at the offer of AjkerDeal.
Ajkerdeal.com is very professional in maintaining relationship with merchant. AjkerDeal
main customer is basically merchant because ajkerdeal.com is structured with B2B model.
AjkerDeal maintain every customer account by providing the sales report after ending the
deal duration. When the deal is uploaded to the site Ajkerdeal team member will confirm to
the merchant to check out the deal and if they need any adjustment and editing in the site
then AjkerDeal will provide the service immediately.

An offer which will be delivered to the consumer can be unlimited but it should be
concerned that does it creating value to the consumer as well as the merchant. The deal site
in Bangladesh such as AjkerDeal is doing every promotional activity to mass market.
Ajkerdeal.com need to have more promotion all over the country to obtain more customers

23
and to make them understand about how deal site works and how they will be benefited by
this site. The user rate of credit card and debit card are increasing day by day in Bangladesh
but till now consumer cannot trust to pay through online. We need to make this online
transaction very positive and valid accessibility, so that customer can trust on it makes
transaction in online. There are lot of small businessmen those who cannot do expensive
promotion but they are potential to provide good product/service. Ajkerdeal.com and any
other deal site in Bangladesh should find out this kind of businessmen and help them by
doing e-commerce based promotion to the mass people. However, by getting some special
discount consumer will able to know about their product/service.

2.2.8 Kaymu.com
Kaymu is becoming the leading online marketplace for Bangladesh. Here, in Bangladesh,
people only knew about EBay business model where buyers meet sellers and exchange
goods. Kaymu introduced the Ebay business model in Bangladesh. Kaymu is one of the
five ventures of Rocket Internet GmbH in Bangladesh. Kaymu tries to follow the successful
internet ventures from other advanced countries like United States and replicate their
strategies in emerging markets. Kaymu Bangladesh is right now providing three types of
selling; B2B, B2C, C2C. Kaymu was launched in late September 2013 and has become the
4th e-commerce site after OLX, Ekhanei and ClickBD. Kaymu mainly focuses on its buyers
and sellers. Kaymu’s clients are the sellers who sell their products on Kaymu website.
Kaymu focuses on the sellers as Kaymu’s revenue comes from its sellers sales. If Kaymu’s
sellers sell more, Kaymu makes more money, if the sellers sell less, Kaymu makes less
money. Kaymu tries to obtain the sellers who sell quality product as they look forward to
offer their buyers the quality products at the most competitive deals.

Kaymu is, first and foremost, an online marketplace. One can browse through categories
like Clothing, Footwear, Jewelry, Watches, Mobiles & Accessories, Jewelry, Books &
Media, Electronics, Footwear, Watches, Mobiles, Computers, Electronics, Home & Living,
Health & Beauty, Toys, Kids & Babies, Books & Media, Sports & Outdoors and various
other categories. When a customer sees something they like, they click on the product and
view the details that include pictures, descriptions, payment options and shipping
information. Customers also can search for their desired products by using keywords in no
time. Kaymu provide advanced search option in which Customers can narrow down their
search and shop comfortably.[26]. Just as one can buy almost anything on eBay, one can
sell almost anything, too. Using a simple listing process, one can put all of the junk in their
basement up for sale. People can sell old laptops, clothing, furniture, etc. But if one wants
to sell as a business, they need to enlist in Kaymu as a Kaymu seller via which they get a
Kaymu e-store. When one sells an item on Kaymu, they pay a certain percentage of the
final sale price to Kaymu. There is no listing fee except this commission on sales and for
people selling personal products, there is no commission either. Kaymu operates an online
marketplace enabling end customers to buy and sell basically anything online.

Kaymu Bangladesh started its journey in Bangladesh around September 2013 and launched
in November 2013. For emerging markets, Kaymu has certainly become the leading online

24
marketplace. In a short span of time Kaymu has grew exponentially. Kaymu has a huge
number of sellers already on board and also thousands are on their way to become Kaymu
sellers. Kaymu operates as the one stop solution for customers to find their desired products
online. Kaymu has different departments to run its operations in Bangladesh. Right now
Kaymu has 7 different departments which are also called teams. They are Sales Team,
Portfolio Management Team, Human Resource Team, Customer Support Team, Logistics
Team, Finance Team, Public Relation Team, and Seller Management Team.

Since its inception, Kaymu Bangladesh is advancing towards a single vision, The Vision to
satisfy the diversified Customer base of this country. They are trying to provide the best
quality products at the most competitive price. Kaymu believes to introduce the most latest
and demanding products for its customers. They have a vision to make sellers in each and
every part of the country.

The Sales activity of Kaymu Bangladesh starts with lead generating of the new potential
sellers of different products. After sourcing the leads, Sales intern forward the leads to the
Sales team, who then, do the part of meeting the sellers, convincing them to sell on Kaymu,
explaining them the features of the website, of the company itself. After the sellers come on
board to sell their products, Kaymu Sales Intern help them to open their personalized e-
store on Kaymu website. To register on Kaymu Website, Sellers need to fill up a form with
their necessary details. After they register their e-store on Kaymu website, the launch page
for them looks like this in the following. The page sellers get when they log on to Kaymu
websites. From here, they can add their products in their e-store. They also can view their
pending orders from this page.

To purchase any product from Kaymu website, buyers need to open an account too. It is the
same account as the sellers. When buyers open an account, they not only can but from the
website, but also can list their own products for selling. So after creating an account, if the
buyer buys and products from Kaymu, they will get a text message and verification email.
They need to verify the order. After they verify their order, a notification will go to the
Seller, from whom they want to buy the product. Then the seller will contact the buyer and
set a delivery time and deliver his/her order. In the meanwhile Kaymu Customer Support is
also contacting the Buyer to check the status of their order. If the buyer does not get their
ordered products in a brief time period, then the Customer Support team will contact the
Seller and urge them to deliver the order as soon as possible. After the delivery of the
product, Kaymu Customer Support again will contact the buyer to get the feedback on the
order delivered. Buyers pay for their orders via cash on delivery. Sometimes, a few sellers
demand prepayment when they get orders of very expensive products.[27]

Kaymu Sellers also can contact Kaymu Sales team or the Seller Management team or the
Portfolio Management team regarding any query. It is the duty of Seller management team
and Portfolio Management team to provide any assistance required for the sellers. From the
very beginning of the buy and sell process, Kaymu’s different departments are working to
provide any support to the sellers and the buyers. This is the main reason why they are
becoming so successful.

25
2.3 Supporting Literature
An existing online shopping system consists of many web tools, algorithms and models.
There are many web tools for developing an online shopping system such as PHP,
ASP.Net, JAVA, jQuery, Java Script, IIS (Internet Information Services)/WAMP, XAMPP
server, MySQL server etc. Some of the tools are describing below.

2.3.1 Hyper Text Markup Language

HTML is the web’s core language for creating documents and applications for everyone to
use, anywhere. It is standardizing system for tagging text files to achieve font, color,
graphic and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages. HTML elements form the
building blocks of all websites. The markup tells the web browsers how to display web
pages. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web
pages. Browsers do not display the HTML tags and scripts, but use them to interpret the
content of the page. HTML describes the structure of websites. The extension of HTML file
must be “.html”.[27]

Basic form of HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is a title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello world!</p>
</body>
</html>

2.3.2 Cascading Style Sheet

CSS stands for Cascading Style Shet. CSS is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g.
fonts, colors, spacing etc.) to web documents. CSS defines how HTML elements are
displayed. CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually
engaging web pages, user interfaces for web application and user interfaces for many
mobile applications. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document
content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors and
fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility. This
separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup page in
different styles for different rendering methods. The importances of CSS are given below.

26
I. Web pages loads easier and they use less bandwidth. CSS is designed primarily to
enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including elements
such as the layout, colors and fonts.

II. CSS is compatible with every web browser. CSS defines how HTML elements are
displayed.

III. CSS makes content moveable. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of
document content from document presentation, including elements such as the layout,
colors and fonts.

V. CSS saves a lot of works. The CSS code allows web developers to take control of many
aspects of website, such as fonts, colors, positioning and styling of data.

2.3.3 Hypertext Preprocessor

PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source
general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can
be embedded into HTML. PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for
making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a
PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be
embedded directly into an HTML source document external file to process data. It has also
evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone
graphical applications.

PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor and is a server-side programming language. There
are many reasons to use PHP for server-side programming; firstly it is a free language with
no licensing fees, so the cost of using it is minimal. A good benefit of using PHP is that it
can interact with many different database languages including MySQL. We work with
MySQL at Blue line media since this is also a free language so it makes sense to use PHP.
Both PHP and MySQL are compatible with an Apache server which is also free to license.
PHP can also run on Windows, Linux and UNIX servers. Due to all these languages being
free it is cheap and easy to setup and create a website using PHP. PHP also has very good
online documentation with a good framework of functions in place. This makes the
language relatively easy to learn and very well supported online. There are countless
forums and tutorials on various PHP methods and problems so it is usually very easy to find
help if you need it. Due to PHP being so accessible and cheap to setup there are a lot of
people who know how to use the language which makes finding new employees proficient
in this language less challenging. Those are the main reasons we use PHP at Blue line
media.

2.3.4 MySQL
MySQL is currently the world’s most popular and widely used open source database
technology and data storage system. MySQL offers great reliability and ease of use.
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System

27
(RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL) [2]. MySQL runs on virtually all
platforms, including Linux, UNIX, and Windows. MySQL is developed, supported and
marketed by MySQL AB. The database is available for free under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GPL) or for a fee to those who do not wish to be bound by the
terms of the GPL. MySQL is used for the following reasons.

I. Scalability and Flexibility. MySQL offers great reliability and ease of use. MySQL
is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS)
II. High Performance
III. High Availability
V. Web and Data Warehouse Strengths
VI. Strong Data Protection
VII. Comprehensive Application Development VIII. Management Ease
IX. Open Source Freedom and 24 x 7 Support
X. Very fast, reliable, and easy to use
XI. Ideal for both small and large applications

2.3.5 XAMPP
XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), MySQL (M), PHP (P) and Perl (P) . It
is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it extremely easy for developers to
create a local web server for testing purposes. Everything need to set up a web server –
server application (Apache), database (MySQL), and scripting language (PHP) – is
included in a simple extractable file. XAMPP is also cross-platform, which means it works
equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows.

Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use only as a development tool, to allow
website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any
access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features
are disabled by default. XAMPP has the ability to serve web pages on the World Wide Web
. A special tool is provided to password-protect the most important parts of the package.
XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating databases in MariaDB and
SQLite among others. Once XAMPP is installed, it is possible to treat a localhost like a
remote host by connecting using an FTP client. Using a program like FileZilla has many
advantages when installing a content management system (CMS) like Joomla or
WordPress. It is also possible to connect to localhost via FTP with an HTML editor.

2.3.6 JavaScript
JavaScript is a powerful and popular language for programming on the web. JavaScript also
known as ECMAScript, is a dynamic programming language. It is most commonly used as
part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the
user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content
that is displayed. JavaScript can be placed in the <body> and the <head> sections of an

28
HTML page. In HTML, JavaScript code must be inserted between <script> and </script>
tags.

Importance of JavaScript

I. All browsers have JavaScript interpreters built in. No other languages have this
tremendous advantage.
II. It’s free and easy to set up.
III. It’s easy to debug.
IV. It has more powerful and free frameworks and libraries.

2.3.7 JQuery
JQuery is a fast, small, and feature-rich JavaScript library. It makes things like HTML
document traversal and manipulation, event handling, animation, and Ajax much simpler
with an easy-to-use API that works across a multitude of browsers. With a combination of
versatility and extensibility, jQuery has changed the way that millions of people write
JavaScript.

JQuery includes the following features:

I. Events
II. Effects and Animations
III. AJAX
IV. JSON parsing etc.

Importance of jQuery

There are lots of other JavaScript frameworks out there, but jQuery seems to be the most
popular, and also the most extendable. Many of the biggest companies on the Web use
jQuery, such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, and Netflix.

JQuery is more important because:

I. JQuery is a lightweight library.

II. JQuery supports cross browser.
III. Easy Dom traversing.
V. JQuery elements display even when JavaScript is disabled.
VI. JQuery makes animated applications just like Flash.
VII. JQuery pages load faster.
VIII. JQuery can be SEO friendly.
2.3.8 Internet Information Services
IIS is a set of Internet based services for Windows machines. Originally supplied as part of
the Option Pack for Windows NT, they were subsequently integrated with Windows 2000
and Windows Server 2003) . The current (Windows 8) version is IIS 8.0 and includes
server for FTP (a software standard for transferring computer files between machines with

29
widely different operating systems), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, is the de facto
standard for email transmission across the Internet) and HTTP/HTTPS (is the secure
version of HTTP, the communication protocol of the World Wide Web).

IIS stands for "Internet Information Services" is a web server software package designed for
Windows Server. It is used for hosting websites and other content on the Web. Microsoft’s
Internet Information Services provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing
websites and the associated users. It provides a visual means of creating, configuring, and
publishing sites on the web. The IIS Manager tool allows web administrators to modify
website options, such as default pages, error pages, logging settings, security settings, and
performance optimizations.

IIS can serve both standard HTML webpages and dynamic webpages, such as ASP.NET
applications and PHP pages. When a visitor accesses a page on a static website, IIS simply
sends the HTML and associated images to the user’s browser. When a page on a dynamic
website is accessed, IIS runs any applications and processes any scripts contained in the
page, and then sends the resulting data to the user’s browser.

While IIS includes all the features necessary to host a website, it also supports extensions
(or “modules”) that add extra functionality to the server. For example, the Win Cache
Extension enables PHP scripts to run faster by caching PHP processes. The URL Rewrite
module allows webmasters to publish pages with friendly URLs that are easier for visitors
to type and remember. A streaming extension can be installed to provide streaming media
to website visitors. IIS is a popular option for commercial websites, since it offers many
advanced features and is supported by Microsoft. However, it also requires a commercial
license and the pricing increases depending on the number of users. Therefore, Apache
HTTP Server, which is open source and free for unlimited users, remains the most popular
web server software.

2.3.9 Entity Relationship Diagram

An entity relationship diagram (ERD), also known as an entity relationship model, is a
graphical representation of an information system that depicts the relationships among
people, objects, places, concepts or events within that system. An ERD is a data modeling
technique that can help define business processes and be used as the foundation for a
relational database.

Entity relationship diagrams provide a visual starting point for database design that can also
be used to help determine information system requirements throughout an organization.
After a relational database is rolled out, an ERD can still serve as a referral point, should
any debugging or business process re-engineering be needed later. However, while an ERD
can be useful for organizing data that can be represented by a relational structure, it can't
sufficiently represent semi-structured or unstructured data. It's also unlikely to be helpful on
its own in integrating data into a pre-existing information system.

30
An entity relationship diagram consists of several components. Components those are
frequently used to represent an e-r diagram are:

I. Entity
II. Weak entity
III. Attribute
IV. Derived attribute
V. Relationship

Entity

entity

An entity can be a person, place, event, or object that is relevant to a given system. For
example, a school system may include students, teachers, major courses, subjects, fees, and
other items. Entities are represented in ER diagrams by a rectangle and named using
singular nouns. It is represented by rectangle.

Weak entity

A weak entity is an entity that depends on the existence of another entity. In more technical
terms it can defined as an entity that cannot be identified by its own attributes. It uses a
foreign key combined with its attributed to form the primary key. An entity like order item
is a good example for this. The order item will be meaningless without an order so it
depends on the existence of order. It is represented by double rectangle.

weak entity

Attribute

An attribute is a property, trait, or characteristic of an entity, relationship, or another

attribute. It is represented by an ellipse.

Attribute

31
Multivalued attribute

If an attribute can have more than one value it is called a multi valued attribute. It is
important to note that this is different to an attribute having its own attributes. For example
a teacher entity can have multiple subject values. It is represented by a double ellipse.

Multi valued attribute

32
Mapping Cardinality of ERD

Cardinality refers to the number of entity objects on each side of the relationship. In e-r
diagram there are four types of mapping cardinalities. For example: a customer can order
products one after another.

i. One-to-One
ii. One-to-Many or Many-to-One (dependent on the direction)
iii. Many-to-One
iv. Many-to-Many

One to One

A one-to-one relationship is the simplest relationship between two beans. One entity bean
relates only to one other entity bean. For example: a customer can be kept only in one
word/cell at a time.

a e

b f

c g

d h

One-to-many

In a one -to-many relationship, one object can reference several instances of another.

a e

b f

c g

d h

Many–to-one

In a many -to-one relationship, many objects can reference one instance of another.

33
 a e

b f

c g

d h

Many-to-many

A many-to-many relationship is complex. In a many-to-many relationship, many objects

can reference many objects. This cardinality is the most difficult to manage.

a e

b f

d
g
h

34
Example

Figure 2. 2: ER Diagram for purchase order application

A Customer has a one-to-many relationship with a Purchase Order because a customer can
place many orders, but a given purchase order can be placed by only one customer. The
relationship is optional because zero customers might place a given order (it might be
placed by someone not previously defined as a customer).

A Purchase Order has a many-to-many relationship with a Stock Item because a purchase
order can refer to many stock items, and a stock item can be referred to by many purchase
orders. However, you do not know which purchase orders refer to which stock items.

35
Therefore, we introduce the notion of a Line Item. A Purchase Order has a one-to-many
relationship with a Line Item because a purchase order can list many line items, but a given
line item can be listed by only one purchase order.
A LineItem has a many-to-one relationship with a StockItem because a line item can refer
to only one stock item, but a given stock item can be referred to by many line items. The
relationship is optional because zero line items might refer to a given stock item.[28]

2.3.10 Data Flow Diagram

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a structured analysis and design tool that can be used for
flowcharting. A DFD is a network that describes the flow of data and the processes that
change or transform the data throughout a system. This network is constructed by using a
set of symbols that do not imply any physical implementation. It has the purpose of
clarifying system requirements and identifying major transformations. So it is the starting
point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications
down to the lowest level of detail. DFD can be considered to an abstraction of the logic of
an informationoriented or a process-oriented system flow-chart. For these reasons DFD’s
are often referred to as logical data flow diagrams.

DFD graphically representing the functions, or processes, which capture, manipulate, store,
and distribute data between a system and its environment and between components of a
system.

The visual representation makes it a good communication tool between User and System
designer. Structure of DFD allows starting from a broad overview and expand it to a
hierarchy of detailed diagrams. DFD has often been used due to some reasons such as
logical information flow of the system, determination of physical system construction
requirements, simplicity of notation, establishment of manual and automated system
requirements.

Components of DFD

DFDs only involve four symbols. They are:

i. Process
ii. Data Object
iii. Data Store
iv. External entity

Process

36
Transform of incoming data flow(s) to outgoing flow(s).

DataFlow

Movement of data in the system.

DataStore

Data repositories for data that is not moving. It may be as simple as a buffer or a queue or a
s sophisticated as a relational database.

ExternalEntity

Sources of destinations outside the specified system boundary.

0 -level data flow diagram

Figure 2. 3: 0-level DFD for Customer Service System

The figure above shows a context Data Flow Diagram that is drawn for a railway
company's Customer Service System. It contains a process (shape) that represents the
system to model, in this case, the "CS System". It also shows the participants who will
interact with the system, called the external entities. In this example, CS Assistant and
Passenger are the two entities who will interact with the system. In between the process and
the external entities, there are data flow that indicate the existence of information exchange
between the entities and the system.

37
Level -1 data flow diagram

Figure 2. 4: Level-1 DFD for Customer Service System

The figure above shows the level 1 DFD, which is the decomposition of the CS System
process shown in the context DFD. Read through the diagram and then we will introduce
some of the key concepts based on this diagram. The CS System Data Flow Diagram
example contains four processes, two external entities and four data stores.

Although there is no design guidelines that governs the positioning of shapes in a Data
Flow Diagram, we tend to put the processes in the middle and data stores and external
entities on the sides to make it easier to comprehend. Based on the diagram, we know that a
Passenger can receive Transport details from the Inquiry Transport Details process, and the
details are provided by the data stores Transport Details and Railway Live Statistic. While
data stored in Transport Details are persistent data (indicated by the label "D"), data stored
in Railway Live Statistic are transient data that are held for a short time (indicated by the
label "T"). A callout shape is used to list out the kind of details that can be inquired by
passenger.

CS Assistant can initiate the Buy Souvenir process, which will result in having the Order
details stored in the Order data store. Although customer is the real person who buy
souvenir, it is the CS Assistant who accesses the system for storing the order details.
Therefore, we make the data flow from CS Assistant to the Buy Souvenir process.

CS Assistant can also initiate the Buy Ticket process by providing Order details and the
details will be stored again in the Order data store. Data Flow Diagram is a high level
diagram that is drawn with a high degree of abstraction. The data store Order which is

38
drawn here does not necessarily imply a real order database or order table in a database.
The way how order details are stored physically is to be decided later on when
implementing the system.[29]

Finally, CS Assistant can initiate the Report Lost process by providing the Incident and
item details and the information will be stored in the Lost Item database.

2.3.11 Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram is a dynamic or behavior diagram in UML. Use case diagrams model
the functionality of a system using actors and use cases . Use cases are a set of actions,
services, and functions that the system needs to perform. In this context, a "system" is
something being developed or operated, such as a web site. The "actors" are people or
entities operating under defined roles within the system.

Use case diagrams are valuable for visualizing the functional requirements of a system that
will translate into design choices and development priorities. They also help identify any
internal or external factors that may influence the system and should be taken into
consideration. They provide a good high level analysis from outside the system. Use case
diagrams specify how the system interacts with actors without worrying about the details of
how that functionality is implemented.[29]

39
Basic Use Case Diagram Symbols and Notations System

Draw your system's boundaries using a rectangle that contains use cases. Place actors
outside the system's boundaries.

Use Case

Draw use cases using ovals. Label the ovals with verbs that represent the system's functions.

Actors

Actors are the users of a system. When one system is the actor of another system, label the
actor system with the actor stereotype.

Relationships

Illustrate relationships between an actor and a use case with a simple line. For relationships
among use cases, use arrows labeled either "uses" or "extends." A "uses" relationship
indicates that one use case is needed by another in order to perform a task. An "extends"
relationship indicates alternative options under a certain use case.

40
2.3.12 Relational Database
A relational database (RDB) is a collective set of multiple data sets organized by tables, records
and columns. RDBs establish a well-defined relationship between database tables. Tables
communicate and share information, which facilitates data search ability, organization and
reporting. RDBs use Structured Query Language (SQL), which is a standard user
application that provides an easy programming interface for database interaction. RDB is
derived from the mathematical function concept of mapping data sets and was developed by
Edgar F. Codd RDBs organize data in different ways. Each table is known as a relation,
which contains one or more data category columns. Each table record (or row) contains a
unique data instance defined for a corresponding column category. One or more data or
record characteristics relate to one or many records to form functional dependencies. These
are classified as one to one, one to many, many to one and many to many.

At its simplest, a database is an electronic store of data, for example a company’s sales
records. In a file based system, each sale would have its own file, where the recording clerk
would have to enter every piece of required information. That might include sales order
number, items ordered and quantities, customer name with billing and shipping address,
contact name and phone number, plus various other details. Obviously, entering all of these
details for every order in full would be both time consuming, and open to human error, such
as spelling mistakes. It would also mean if a detail, like a customer phone number changed,
it would have to be changed in multiple places. [30]

Relational databases are designed to make data entry and management simpler, quicker and
less prone to data corruption by storing information so that each piece of data is stored only
once, and referenced by other pieces of data when needed. This is achieved by creating
relations between data sets, hence the term relational database.

To see how some of the key principles of relational databases work, let’s take our example
order records through the process of database development.

Tables, Rows and Columns

The basic unit of a relational database is a table, also referred to as a relation or base relvar.
Within a table, each column represents an attribute, and each row an entry. So for example,
our order records might consists of columns labeled “Order Number, Customer Name,
Customer Contact, Contact Phone Number, Order Date, Delivery Date, Shipping Address,
Billing Address, Item Ordered, Qty, Price,” and so on. Each row in this table would then
represent an order. Details might be entered in a table, much like a spread sheet, and the
resulting flat file database would contain the output for all the files, and all of their details.
Although this might prevent a lot of user errors by constraining the data input, each piece of
information might appear multiple times. For example, if an order contains multiple items,

41
the whole line might be duplicated except for the item ordered columns. Clearly, this is not
an efficient use of storage space, and updating data, though quicker than searching multiple
files, would still be time consuming.
Normalizing

The process of normalizing a relational database consists of separating data into smaller,
more closely related information. In this example, initially, we might separate the customer
information from the order information so that all the customer details are stored in one
table, and a single reference, Customer Number, included in the order table. Through a
series of logical iterations, each designed to prevent extensive data duplication, we might
end up with several tables. For example, we might have a list of customers, a list of
contacts, a list of addresses, a list of orders and a list of products.

Keys and Primary Keys

Having separated all these types of information, we need a way to identify records within
each table in order to reference them in other tables. Since the main reason for maintaining
smaller tables is to ensure integrity of the data and avoid duplication, we also need to
specify which column within a table must be unique. We do this by assigning a column
within a table as a “key.” With some tables, such as orders, there are “natural keys,” like
order numbers, which have to be unique for the system to work anyway. For other tables,
such as contacts, these natural keys do not exist. We may have multiple contacts with the
same name, so we can’t use them as a key. Instead, we assign a computer generated
“primary key,” that creates an artificial, unique column in the table and assigns each row an
incrementally increasing number.[31]

Relationships

Now that we have a way to identify the entries in a table, we can pull the information from
the table by simply referencing that column in another table. This is done by “joining”
tables, and creating resulting relationships, which may be one to one, meaning each unique
entry in one table must also be unique in the other, one to many, where an entry must be
unique in one table but may be duplicated in the other, or many to many, where entries need
not be unique in either table. So for example, we might join the customer table primary key
to the order table customer number column by instructing the database

INNER JOIN Customer_Id

ON Customers.Customer_Id=Orders.Customer_Id

Queries and Views

Once the data is stored in the database, the data can be retrieved for viewing by using
queries and presented in views. A typical query would instruct the database to return rows
and columns from chosen tables that meet certain criteria, using a “SELECT FROM
WHERE” clause.

42
The resulting information would then be presented to the user in tabular, paginated or
graphical format for analysis or editing. So in order to view all orders from a particular
customer we might query the database like this:

SELECT Order_Id
FROM Orders
WHERE Customer_Id =”123″

Thus data can be dynamically pulled from the database and presented differently to
multiple users according to their needs. Since most users are unfamiliar with SQL query
language, and it’s often desirable to restrict access to the database, most queries will be
written into Web applications by Web developers or database administrators, and all the
end user has to do is select the view they want to work with and enter the data.

There are many algorithms such as GK algorithm, Machine learning algorithm,

Steganography algorithm, RSA algorithm etc. Some of these algorithms which are
following by many existing online shopping systems are describing below.

The Internet is emerging as a new marketing channel, so understanding the characteristics

of online customers' needs and expectations is considered a prerequisite for activating the
consumer-oriented electronic commerce market. In this study, we propose a novel
clustering algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GAs) to effectively segment the online
shopping market. In general, GAs are believed to be effective on NP-complete global
optimization problems, and they can provide good near-optimal solutions in reasonable
time. Thus, we believe that a clustering technique with GA can provide a way of finding the
relevant clusters more effectively. The research in this paper applied K-means clustering
whose initial seeds are optimized by GA, which is called GA K-means, to a real-world
online shopping market segmentation case. In this study, we compared the results of GA K-
means to those of a simple K-means algorithm and self-organizing maps (SOM). The
results showed that GA K-means clustering may improve segmentation performance in
comparison to other typical clustering algorithms. In addition, our study validated the
usefulness of the proposed model as a preprocessing tool for recommendation systems.

Machine learning is an exciting modern technology. This is an area of the artificial

intelligence research that develops special self-learning algorithms. The general principle of
how machine learning works are quite simple. A computer or device collects information,
analyzes it and makes predictions according to the data. The machine learning algorithms
can analyze a user’s previous search requests and re-order the results to make them more
relevant for this particular user. The algorithms can suggest a similar product or accessories
to the one you were searching for Steganography algorithm convert the carrier image (of any
file-format) from PBC (Pure Binary Code) to CGC. Text-Based Steganography, it makes use of
features of English language like inflexion, fixed word order and use of periphrases for hiding
data rather than using properties of a statement. BPCS (Bit-Plane Complexity Segmentation)
Steganography: The information hiding capacity of a true color image is around 50%. A
sharpening operation on the dummy image increases the embedding capacity quite a bit.
Randomization of the secret data by a compression operation makes the embedded data

43
more intangible. The steganography program for each user is easy. It further protects
against eavesdropping on the embedded information. It is most secured technique and
provides high security.[32]

The min-min algorithm is commonly and widely used in the context of scheduling
independent tasks in distributed computing to minimize the total completion time of the
tasks [25, 26]. One of the main advantages of this approach is that in general is capable to
obtain good quality solutions with a relatively small computational cost, but as it schedules
those tasks or processes with minimum cost first, it may result in an imbalanced solution
Described the process of the heuristic min-min approach. In this paper we extended min-
min to Internet Shopping Optimization Problem with Price Sensitivity Discounts (ISOPwD)
for the selection of a list of products in a set of web-stores. The extended version is called
Minmin in this paper.

2.4 Analysis of Existing System

Purchasing and selling products and services over the internet without the need of going
physically to the market is what online shopping all about. Online shopping is just like a
retail store shopping that we do by going to the market, but it is done through the internet.
Online shopping has made shopping painless and added more fun. Online stores offer
product description, pictures, comparisons, price and much more. Few examples of these
are Amazon.com, ebay.com, framt.com and the benefits of online shopping is that by
having direct access to consumer, the online stores can offer products that cater to the needs
of the consumer; cookies can be used for tracking the customer selection over the internet
or what is of their interest when they visit the site again. Online shopping makes use of
digital technology for managing the flow of information, products, and payment between
consumer, site owners and suppliers. Online shopping can be either B2B (business to
business) or B2C (business to consumer). Shopping cart is one of the important facility
provided in online shopping, this lets customer to browse different goods and services and
once they select an item to purchase they can place the item in shopping cart, and continue
browsing till the final selection. Customers can even remove the items from shopping cart
that were selected earlier before they place the final order. It reminds us of shopping basket
that we carry in depntal store.[33]

There are many proses of online shopping system. The first pros of online shopping system
is convenience. Online stores are usually available 24 hours a day, and many consumers
have Internet access both at work and at home. Other establishments such as internet cafes
and schools provide access as well. A visit to a conventional retail store requires travel and
must take place during business hours. Another pros of online shopping system is
information and reviews. Online stores must describe products for sale with text, photos,
and multimedia files. Some stores even allow customers to comment or rate their items.
There are also dedicated review sites that host user reviews for different products. Reviews
and now blogs gives customers the option of shopping cheaper organize purchases from all
over the world without having to depend on local retailers.

44
Moreover, another pros of online shopping system is price and selection. One advantage of
shopping online is being able to quickly seek out deals for items or services with many
different vendors (though some local search engines do exist to help consumers locate
products for sale in nearby stores). Search engines, online price comparison services and
discovery shopping engines can be used to look up sellers of a particular product or service.

The existing system has contains some problem. The first cons of online shopping system is
fraud and security concerns. Given the lack of ability to inspect merchandise before
purchase, consumers are at higher risk of fraud on the part of the merchant than in a
physical store. Merchants also risk fraudulent purchases using stolen credit cards or
fraudulent repudiation of the online purchase. With a warehouse instead of a retail
storefront, merchants face less risk from physical theft. Another disadvantage of online
shopping is lack of full cost disclosure. The lack of full disclosure with regards to the total
cost of purchase is one of the concerns of online shopping. While it may be easy to
compare the base price of an item online, it may not be easy to see the total cost up front as
additional fees such as shipping are often not be visible until the final step in the checkout
process.

Apart from another con of online shopping system is privacy. Privacy of personal
information is a significant issue for some consumers. Different legal jurisdictions have
different laws concerning consumer privacy, and different levels of enforcement. Many
consumers wish to avoid spam and telemarketing which could result from supplying
contact information to an online merchant. Moreover, hands on inspection is another cons
of online shopping system. Typically, only simple pictures and or descriptions of the item
are all a customer can rely on when shopping on online stores. If the customer does not
have prior exposure to the item's handling qualities, they will not have a full understanding
of the item they are buying. However, Written and Video Reviews are readily available
from consumers who have purchased similar items in the past.[34]

2.5 Conclusions
From this chapter we know the details about the related work of our project. There are also
many popular international online shopping system such as amazon.com, snapdeal.com.
Because of these international online shopping systems we have gathered many information
very easily and these information are very effective for us to develop our system. Our
project is an existing system. So we can learn many things from these existing systems.
Moreover we gather knowledge and also can learn about many functionalities and modules
from these existing systems. These existing systems are very useful for developing our
system. Now a day our system is very popular all over the world. That’s why it is very easy
for us to find out the required information of our system.[35]

45
 Chapter-3
Proposed Model

3.1 Introduction
Shop online is an online shopping application, which provides the online shopping facility
available for everyone. Any type of the product will be available for the customer, and it
can be easily purchased faster when compare with eBay. Shop online application
concentrates more on user friendly interfaces and promotes users to purchase faster and
easier. There is a facility available to do online purchase. Shop online have registration
facility. The registration process is faster and easier compared to any existing application.

In the user interface of shop online there will be accomplished with options to find new
products available and most purchased and customer satisfied products. Customer can avail
this facility and buy the product faster. All products in the website will be highlighted with
the image of the product. By click on the image it will take you directly to the buy page,
from where customers can purchase easily.

Shop online is provided with customer support page. Using this page any customer can get
the assistance from the available customer support executive online. There we have support
over phone, email and chat. Customers can use this facility any time. As security issue pays
major importance today, extra attention towards security is done in shop online application.
We incorporate digital signature technique to ensure much effective security for the
customer. Digital signature will provide the secure data transactions and also during money
transaction for purchase.

3.2 Feasibility Study

The objective of feasibility study is to determine whether or not the proposed system is
feasible. A feasibility study is a preliminary investigation of a proposed system to decide
whether the system can run smoothly with the organization, will the organization realize the
benefits that are expected and to decide will the organization go for it.

46
Feasibility is defined as the practical extent to which a project can be performed
successfully. To evaluate feasibility, a feasibility study is performed, which determines
whether the solution considered to accomplish the requirements is practical and workable in
the software. Information such as resource availability, cost estimation for software
development, benefits of the software to the organization after it is developed and cost to be
incurred on its maintenance are considered during the feasibility study. The objective of the
feasibility study is to establish the reasons for developing the software that is acceptable to
users, adaptable to change and conformable to established standards. Various other
objectives of feasibility study are listed below.

• To analyze whether the software will meet organizational requirements Feasibility is

defined as the practical extent to which a project can be performed successfully. To
evaluate feasibility, a feasibility study is performed.

• To determine whether the software can be implemented using the current technology
and within the specified budget and schedule A feasibility study is a preliminary
investigation of a proposed system to decide whether the system can run smoothly with
the organization.

• To determine whether the software can be integrated with other existing software.
benefits that are expected and to decide will the organization go for it.

Three Types of feasibility study

1. Technical Feasibility.
2. Operational Feasibility.
3. Economical Feasibility.

3.2.1 Technical feasibility

In this, one has to test whether the system can be developed using existing technology or
not. It is evident that necessary hardware and software are available for development and
implementation of proposed system. We acquired the technical knowledge of working in
languages, and then only we have started designing our project. The system is self-
explanting and does not need any entire sophisticated training. A system has been built by
concentrating on the graphical user interface concepts, the application can also be handled
very easily with a novice uses. The overall time that a user needs to get trained is less than
15 minutes.[36]

The system has been added with features of menu device and button interaction methods,
which makes him the master as he starts working through the environment. As the software
that were used as developing this application are very economical and are readily available
is the market the only time that is lost by the customer is just installation time. Technical
feasibility performs following tasks.

47
 I. Analyzes the technical skills and capabilities of the software development team
members. In this, one has to test whether the system can be developed using
existing technology or not. It is evident that necessary hardware and software.

II. Determines whether the relevant technology is stable and established. The system
has been added with features of menu device and button interaction methods, which
makes him the master as he starts working through the environment.

III. Ascertains that the technology chosen for software development has a large number
of users so that they can be consulted when problems arise or improvements are
required.

It mentions computer with new configuration requirements of proposed system. It mentions

new software requirements of the proposed system.

3.2.2 Economical Feasibility

Economic feasibility is a measure of the cost-effectiveness of a project or solution. As a
part of this, the costs and benefits associated with the proposed system are compared and
the project is economically feasible only if tangible and intangible benefits outweigh the
cost. The cost for proposed online shopping system is outweighing the cost and efforts
involved in maintaining the registers, books, files and generation of various reports. The
system also reduces the administrative and technical staff to do various jobs that single
software can do. So, this system is economically feasible. Economical feasibility also
performs following tasks.

I. Cost incurred on software development to produce long-term gains for an

organization. Economic feasibility is a measure of the cost-effectiveness of a project
or solution. As a part of this, the costs and benefits associated.

II. Cost required to conduct full software investigation (such as requirements elicitation
and requirements analysis). The system also reduces the administrative and
technical staff to do various jobs that single software can do.

III. Cost of hardware, software, development team, and training. Feasible only if
tangible and intangible benefits outweigh the cost. The cost for
proposed online shopping system is outweighing the cost and efforts involved in

IV. Cost involves in purchase or rental of equipment the cost for proposed online
shopping system is outweighing the cost and efforts involved.

V. Cost of phones & mobile communication equipment.

VI. Cost of Salaries of Employees.

48
VII. Cost of maintenance of equipment.

3.2.3 Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility means how much the system is user interactive. In this project, the
management will know the details of each project where he may be presented and the data
will be maintained as decentralized and if any inquires for that particular contract can be
known as per their requirements and necessaries. Operational feasibility also performs
following tasks.

I. Determines whether the problems anticipated in user requirements are of high

priority.

II. Determines whether the solution suggested by the software development team is
accetable.

III. Analyzes whether users will adapt to a new software.

IV. Determines whether the organization is satisfied by the alternative solutions

proposed by the software development team.

V. It finds if any job reconstruction is required or not?

VI. Watches the feelings of the customers as well as user.

49
System should provide right & accurate information to user or customer at right place
as well as at right time

3.3 Requirement Analysis

In current competitive scenario every business establishment needs quality process to
increase their efficiency as well as improve their productivity. It is of vital importance that
manual, time consuming and monotonous operations are automated so as to streamline the
working of an organization. Since, the existing system takes more time and manpower for
processing. It is keeping in mind this business philosophy that we propose an online
shopping system. Our system will deal with all the aspects sales of electronics related
products. In order to start gathering requirements, first it is necessary to identify each group
affected by this project and understand everyone’s needs. With that information in hand, an
initial list of the desired functional and non-functional requirements can be put into the
Product Backlog in the form user stories. Every sprint these requirements may change,
reason why in this section are described only the final requirements that are part of the
current Product Backlog of the project.

Nonfunctional requirements are the properties that your product must have. Think of these
properties as the characteristics or qualities that make the product attractive, or usable, or
fast, or reliable. These properties are not required because they are fundamental activities of
the product, activities such as computations, manipulating data, and so on but are there
because the client wants the fundamental activities to perform in a certain manner. They are
not part of the fundamental reason for the product's existence, but are needed to make the
product perform in the desired manner. Nonfunctional requirements do not alter the
product's functionality. That is, the functional requirements remain the same no matter what
properties you attach to them. The non-functional requirements add functionality to the
product, it takes some amount of pressing to make a product easy to use, or secure, or
interactive. However the reason that this functionality is part of the product is to give it the
desired characteristics. So you might think of the functional requirements as those that do
the work, and the nonfunctional requirements as those that give character to the work.
Nonfunctional requirements make up a significant part of the specification. They are
important as the client and user may well judge the product on its non-functional properties.
Provided the product meets its required amount of functionality, the nonfunctional
properties, how usable, convenient, inviting and secure it is, may be the difference between
an accepted, well-liked product, and an unused one.

The functional requirements specify what the product must do. They relate to the actions
that the product must carry out in order to satisfy the fundamental reasons for its existence.
Think of the functional requirements as the business requirements. That is, if you speak
with a user or one of the business people, they will describe the things that the product must
do in order to complete some part of their work. Keep in mind that the requirements
specification will become a contract of the product to be built. Thus the functional
requirements must fully describe the actions that the intended product can perform. I also

50
relate it to a product you might purchase at a store, if you look at the bullet features list on
the back of the box, it is describing the functionality of the product.

3.3.1 Non-Functional Requirements

There are many non-functional requirements of our system. The first nonfunctional requirement
is efficiency requirement. When an online shopping cart is implemented customer can purchase
product in an efficient manner. The next functional requirement is reliability requirement. The
system should provide a reliable environment to both customers and owner. All orders should
be reaching at the admin without any errors. Now another nonfunctional requirement is usability
requirement. This system is designed for user interactive environment and ease of use. The
implementation requirement means implementation of the system using CSS and HTML in
front end with JSP as back end and it will be used for database connectivity. And the database
part is developed by MySQL. Responsive web designing is used for making the website
compatible for any type of screen. Moreover delivery requirement states that the whole system
is expected to be delivered in given time.

In its first stage, the web-shop template is required mainly to analyze the platform
capabilities, show code examples to developers and attract potential customers. For this
reason all nonfunctional requirements are highly focused on those areas. Other areas of
great importance as well, such as compatibility and performance, are left aside from the
current project because of the excessive workload that it means.

From a developer point of view the quality of the code takes a very important role, so it
should be well organized, easy to understand and reusable. Therefore it would be
considered a good practice to use variables and functions with self-explanatory names and
keep a well commented code. To the extent possible, the generic shop logic should be
separated from the most specific code in order to facilitate the use of it as a live
documentation of the platform.

The platform should allow to test any web application built on top of it. In order to prove it
is allowed, the template should be completed with automated functional tests, being careful
of keeping these tests independent from the backend data in use. That way a change in the
data, very likely to happen in a template web-shop, will not affect the results. The same
principle should be applied to the code in general, to keep the template from being non-
functional when the data used is different.

Although major part of the required security is located on the e-commerce and payment
platforms, there are some risks server side that must be top priority when it comes to online
shopping. For example some data needs a careful treatment, like user related data such as
addresses, passwords and payment information. Particular attention must be paid with the
checkout process in order to avoid fraud.

51
The major non-functional requirements are describing below:

3.3.1.1 Performance

The system must be interactive and the delays involved must be less .So in every action-
response of the system, there are no immediate delays. In case of opening windows forms, of
popping error messages and saving the settings or sessions there is delay much below 2 seconds,
In case of opening databases, sorting questions and evaluation there are no delays and the
operation is performed in less than 2 seconds for opening ,sorting, computing, posting > 95% of
the files. Also when connecting to the server the delay is based editing on the distance of the 2
systems and the configuration between them so there is high probability that there will be or not
a successful connection in less than 20 seconds for sake of good communication.
Therefore it would be considered a good practice to use variables and functions with
selfexplanatory names and keep a well commented code. To the extent possible, the generic
shop logic should be separated from the most specific code in order to facilitate the use of it
as a live documentation of the platform.

Safety
Information transmission should be securely transmitted to server without any changes in
information In case of opening windows forms, of popping error messages and saving the
settings or sessions there is delay much below 2 seconds, In case of opening databases, sorting
questions and evaluation there are no delays and the operation is performed

Reliability
As the system provide the right tools for discussion, problem solving it must be made sure
that the system is reliable in its operations and for securing the sensitive details. The
platform should allow to test any web application built on top of it. In order to prove it is
allowed, the template should be completed with automated functional tests

Availability
If the internet service gets disrupted while sending information to the server, the
information can be send again for verification. . Admin has the ability to analysis and
inquiry the sales and product report. Apart from admin can check the availability of the
product. In our system there are many functional requirements are exist for the customer

Security
The main security concern is for users account hence proper login mechanism should be
used to avoid hacking. The tablet id registration is way to spam check for increasing the
security. Hence, security is provided from unwanted use of recognition software.

52
Usability
As the system is easy to handle and navigates in the most expected way with no delays. In
that case the system program reacts accordingly and transverses quickly between its states. .
Admin has the ability to analysis and inquiry the sales and product report. Apart from
admin can check the availability of the product. In our system there are many functional
requirements are exist for the customer

3.3.2 Functional Requirements

Now our system consists of many functional requirements. Our first functional requirement
is admin login system. Admin can handle the all system. Admin can add product and
category of the product. Moreover admin can add the brand name and also can confirm the
customer order. Admin has the ability to analysis and inquiry the sales and product report.
Apart from admin can check the availability of the product. In our system there are many
functional requirements are exist for the customer. Customer can see the details of the
product and also can see the available product. Customer can add the product to cart for
order. Moreover, Customer can choose his product by price filtering and brand filtering.
Another functional requirement is checkout option. Customer must fill up the checkout
form to order any product by giving all the details of him. Apart from if any customer
wants to contact with us then he or she can contact with us very easily by filling up the
contact us form. That’s all about the functional requirements of our project.
In order to prove the value of the platform and identify any possible lack of functionality,
the application should have all the common features of a regular web-shop. Accordingly, it
has been considered that the initial appropriate set of functionalities for this project include
those related to browsing and purchasing products, as well as management of a customer
account. The detailed behavior expected for the web-shop is described below.

Now, major functional requirements of our project are given below:

Administration
It is highly secured. This section is maintained by only who have permission to access in
our project. All secured manipulation; dealings will be dominated from this module. There
are a login system for admin or who handle the website and database. Admin can add,
delete and update products. Admin can also add, delete and update brands name.

Customer
This module accessible for Customer. Customer can view the product and can add to cart
the product and can increasing the quantity of the product and then checkout for getting the
product. . Customer can see the details of the product and also can see the available
product. Customer can add the product to cart for order

Brand Filtering
Our project contains brand filtering function. Customer can choose their product by their
preferable brands name. They can get their preferable products very easily by this module.

53
Add to Cart
By this module customer can add the product to the cart and also can delete the product and
then they can check out the product and also can empty the cart. Here, customers can
update their product quantity and they have also the option to empty their cart.

Payment
In our system there is only one payment system and that is cash on delivery. Customer get
the product then pay for the ordered product. They can get their products by home delivery.
. Customer can see the details of the product and also can see the available product.
Customer can add the product to cart for order

Price Filtering
One of the most important functionality of our project is price range bar or price filtering.
Customers can search their product by their budget with this functionality. Apart from if
any customer wants to contact with us then he or she can contact with us very easily by
filling up the contact us form. That’s all about the functional requirements of our project.

Admin Product Report

In our project for admins there are some types are reports. Admins can see the products
report and sales report. They come to know that how much products are selling in a week or
month or a year with these report.

Checkout
If customer add to cart any product then if he wants to get the product then he can check out
by giving the correct information in the checkout form. . Customer can see the details of the
product and also can see the available product. Customer can add the product to cart for
order

Stock Availability
Another most important feature of our project is stock availability. Admins can see the
stock availability. They will come to know how much products are contain in their stock.
Moreover admin can add the brand name and also can confirm the customer order. Admin
has the ability to analysis and inquiry the sales and product report. Apart from admin can
check the availability of the product

Date Picker
In our project there are date picker option for the admins. Admins can see the daily, weekly
or yearly reports by using this date picker module. Apart from if any customer wants to
contact with us then he or she can contact with us very easily by filling up the contact us
form. That’s all about the functional requirements of our project.
3.4 System Design

System design is the solution for the creation of a new system. This phase focuses on the
detailed implementation of the feasible system. It emphasis on translating design.

54
Specifications to performance specification. System design has two phases of development.
They are logical design and physical design.

During logical design phase the analyst describes inputs (sources), outputs (destinations),
databases (data stores) and procedures (data flows) all in a format that meets the user
requirements. The analyst also specifies the needs of the user at a level that virtually determines
the information flow in and out of the system and the data resources. Here the logical design is
done through data flow diagrams and database design. The physical design is followed by
physical design or coding. Physical design produces the working system by defining the design
specifications which specify exactly what the candidate system must do. The programmers
write the necessary programs that accept input from the user perform necessary processing on
accepted data and produce the required report on a hard copy or display it on the screen.[36]

3.4.1 Entity relationship diagram

An entity-relationship (ER) diagram is a specialized graphic that illustrates the relationships
between entities in a database. ER diagrams often use symbols to represent three different
types of information. Boxes are commonly used to represent entities. Diamonds are
normally used to represent relationships and ovals are used to represent attributes.

Figure 3. 1: E-R Diagram

55
Here,

• Rectangles represent entity sets. It emphasis on translating design. Specifications to

performance specification. System design has two phases of developmen

• Diamonds represent relationship sets. During logical design phase the analyst
describes inputs (sources), outputs (destinations), databases (data stores) and
procedures (data flows) all in a format that meets the user

• Lines link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets. . Here the
logical design is done through data flow diagrams and database design. The physical
design is followed

• Ellipses represent attributes. Physical design produces the working system by
defining the design specifications which specify exactly what the candidate system
must do.

• Underline indicates primary key attributes. ER diagrams often use symbols to
represent three different types of information. Boxes are commonly used to
represent entities

3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a structured analysis and design tool that can be used for
flowcharting. A DFD is a network that describes the flow of data and the processes that change
or transform the data throughout a system. This network is constructed by using a set of
symbols that do not imply any physical implementation. It has the purpose of clarifying
system requirements and identifying major transformations. So it is the starting point of the
design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the
lowest level of detail. DFD can be considered to an abstraction of the logic of an
informationoriented or a process-oriented system flow-chart. For these reasons DFD’s are
often referred to as logical data flow diagrams.

56
DFD for 0 level context diagram

Figure 3. 2: DFD for 0 Level Context Diagram

DFD for 1 Level

Figure 3. 3 : DFD for 1 level

57
Here, DFDs only involve four symbols. They are:

• Process
• Data Object
• Data Store
• External entity

Process

Transform of incoming data flow(s) to outgoing flow(s).

Data Flow

Movement of data in the system.

Data Store

Data repositories for data that are not moving. It may be as simple as a buffer or a queue
or a s sophisticated as a relational database.

External Entity

Sources of destinations outside the specified system boundary.

3.4.3. Database Design

Databases are the storehouses of data used in the software systems. The data is stored in
tables inside the database. Several tables are created for the manipulation of the data for the
system. Two essential settings for a database are primary key the field that is unique for all

58
the record occurrences and foreign key the field used to set relation between tables.
Normalization is a technique to avoid redundancy in the tables.

3. 4.3.1 Admin Login Table

Table 3. 1: Admin Login Table

In this table the fields are admin id, admin username and admin password. Admin can login by
this database table. Here admin username and password can be stored in our database. Here, we
need to input the user name and password in the database before login in our system. We can
see the user name and database from the database. Here, another attribute of this table is
username. We need to store the username of admins. Then, next attribute is password and
this is text type. We must store password in our database.

3.4.3.2 Product Table

Table 3. 2: Product Table

This is products database table. Here database will be created for product id, product image,
product name, product description, product price, product category, product brand and
product quantity. Here, product id is primary key and this attribute is integer type. We can
identify any product by this id. Another attribute of this table is imgurl and this is text type.

59
Here, we can upload image. Then by product attribute we can give the products name and
this attribute is text type. By description attribute of this table admins can add description of
our products. In price attribute admins must add our products price. There are many
category of our products. So by category attribute admin can select the required category
for our products. In category attribute we have defined many categories in our database.
There are many brands in our online shopping system. So by brand attribute admins can
select brands name when admins will upload our products. Apart from, we have defined
many brands name in our database. Moreover, by qty attribute admins can add the quantity
of our products on the time of uploading and this attribute is integer type.

3.4.3.4 Order Table

Table 3. 3: Product order Table

Here this is product order table. For order a product customer has to fill up the full details of his
information contains in this table. Here the database table fields are order id, customer name,
customer contact, customer address, customer email, item name, product amount, product
status, date ordered, date delivered. Here, order id is primary key. We can define any order by
id. Then next attribute of this table is name and this attribute is varchar type. Here, contains
customers’ name. Another attribute of this table is contact and this attribute is varchar type.
Here, contains customers order contact information. In address attribute here contains the
address of customers and this attribute is varchar type. In email field here contains the email of
the customers and this attribute is varchar type. Moreover, in item field admins can see the
items name and id and this field is text type. In amount field admins can see the amount of the

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ordered product. In status attribute admins can see the whether the product is delivered or not
and the attribute type is varchar. Apart from, in date ordered attribute admins can see the
ordered date of the product and this attribute type is varchar. At last in date delivered attribute
admins can see the delivered date of the product and this attribute type is varchar.

3.4.3.5 Brand Table

Table 3. 4: Brand Table

This is for brand table. This table consists of brand id and brand title field. By this table
admins can add brand name for brand filtering. Admins can update, delete and remove
brands. In this table id is primary key. Every brand has an id so that we can identify brands
name very easily. Moreover, in title attribute admins can add name of our products. Admins
can update, delete and remove brands name. This attribute is varchar type.

3.4.3.6 Cart Table

Table 3. 5: Cart Table

This is for the cart table. Here, this table structured by the cart id and product details. By
this table customers can see add to cart form and can order a product by checkout button. In
cart id we can identify add to cart id and this attribute is integer type. Cart id attribute is
primary key. In product attribute customers can see details of their carted product and this
attribute is text type.

3.4.3.7 Category Table

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 Table 3. 6: Product Category Table

Here it is a product category table. It is structured by the category id and category title field. By
this table admin can add product category. Here, category id is primary key. We can identify a
product by category id. In title attribute admins can add categories of our products and this
attribute is varchar type. Moreover, admins can update, delete and remove categories.

3.4.3.8 Payment Table

Table 3. 7: Payment Table

This is payment table. Customer’s payments are stored in this table. Here, payment id is
primary key. Amount type is text and payment type is also text type. We can know the price
of the selling products by this table and also can know about the payment type.

3.5 Implementations

Implementation is the stage where the theoretical design is turned into a working system.
The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful system and in giving confidence on
the new system for the users that it will work efficiently and effectively. The system can be
implemented only after through testing is done and if it is found to work according to the
specification. It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its
constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the changeover and an
evaluation of change over methods a part from planning. Two major tasks of preparing the
implementation are education and training of the users and testing of the system. The more
complex the system being implemented, the more involved will be the systems analysis and
design effort required just for implementation. The implementation phase comprises of
several activities. The required hardware and software acquisition is carried out. The
system may require some software to be developed.

The website, designed as online shopping center is separated into two parts: front end and
back end. We have implemented our project with these two parts. Now we are describing
about these two parts in the following.

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3.5.1 Front End

The front end part, comprising of pages which users can view, is created by using templates
so that it can expedite design and loading processes. This part, in the appearance, the main
menu is consistent, thus it is easy to use. Considered as the most frequently access when
comparing with other parts of the website, front end pages have to use template, and in turn,
saving bandwidth and number of database accesses. For database operation issue, aiming
for minimizing number of accesses, it needs just four queries to display all details. Those
queries consist of jointed SQL statements, which inquire merely main information from the
database. This part is consists of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery etc.

In front end we have developed and designed many function modules such as admin login
form, price range module, brand filtering module, checkout form, add to cart form etc. by
using html, css, java script, jQuery, bootstrap etc. We have also designed many pages for
showing our electronics product by their category. We have designed our project from a
template. Our project has the same style of all pages. The same kind of user operations is
within a single interface to complete. Clicking muse can easily realize commodity,
purchase, orders, query and other functions. It is easy to understand, and to use.

If users or customers want to buy goods in our system then he or she has to put the web address
of our system. After putting address customers can see the home page of our project. Home
page is the starting page of our project. If anyone enters into our project at first he can see the
home page. In home page customers can see all of our products, products price, products
category etc. He can query the latest products and promotional items and browse information.
We have developed all the products information individually. Moreover, we have developed
more pages for this project. All the pages can be seen from home page. Steps of home page
design are add the website logo area, add a navigation menu bar, on the left add product
classification, add to cart page, contact us page etc. Finally, add a footer area at the bottom. If
any customer wants to contact with us, he can contact with us by contact us page providing his
information. We have implemented add to cart option in our project.

If customer wants to buy any product he should click on add to cart button. Then he should
go to add to cart page. Here we have designed checkout form. Customer can order a
product by filling up the checkout form providing his all information. Then he must press
the submit button to confirm the order. We have also implemented brand filtering where
customer can filter their product by clicking their favorite brand. We have also designed the
price range bar where customer can choose their product by their budget. When the users
can’t find the needed goods or would like to browse information, he can use search option
that’s why we have developed search module for the customer to find their needed product
easily. That’s all about our project designing development or front-end part.[37]

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3.5.1.1 Forms Design
Admin Login Form

Figure 3. 4: Admin Login Form

This is admin login form. In this form admin can login by giving his id and password. This
id and password can be stored in database to access the admin panel. After the successfully
logged in admin can manage the admin panel. Admin can add, update, delete and remove
all the products, products category and add brand.

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Checkout Form

Figure 3. 5: Checkout Form

Here, this is checkout form. A customer can order a product by giving all his information in
this form. Customer must be fill up all the details of this form. Otherwise he could not buy
any product. Here, first name of this form customers need to give their first name and then
in last name field customers should give their last name. Then, in contact field customers
must give their contact number. Moreover, in email field of this form customers must give
their email address. At last in complete address field customers need to provide their full
address.

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Add To Cart Form

Figure 3. 6: Add to Cart Form

This is adding to cart form. Here customer can update the product quantity if he wants to buy
more than one product. For buying one product customer need not update the quantity of
product.

Add Product Form

Figure 3. 7: Add Product Form

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This is add product form. Here, admin can add product by filling the product name, description,
price, quantity, category, brand name and add image by clicking choose file button.

Add Brand Fo rm

Figure 3. 8: Add Brand Form

Here admin can add brand title to add brand name. The brand name will be added to
the home page by brand filtering module. Admins can add, update and delete or
remove the required brand by add brand button.

3.5.1.2 Report Design

3.5.1.2.1 Sales Report

Figure 3. 9: Sales Report

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Here this is a sales report. Admin can see the all the confirmed product order list, quantity,
category and brand. Admin can see the status of the sales whether it is delivered or not. In this
report admin can analysis daily, weekly or monthly product sells report by this sells report.

3.5.1.2.2 Product Report

Figure 3. 10: Product Report

In this this report admin can see the product list of the ordered product which products are
not confirmed. In this report there exists a date picker. If admin wants to see the one month
or day to day product report he can see it here and also can search the ordered product.

3.5.1.2.3 Add Product Report

Figure 3. 11: Add Product Report

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In this report admin can see all the products list which are added by the admin. Apart from
in this report admin also can see the stock availability status and admin can edit the added
product. Here admin can add, delete and update the product list.

3.5.1.2.4 Brand Report

Figure 3. 12: Brand Report

Here, this is brand report. Admin can add brand name in this report and admin see it as a
brand list. Here admin can add, delete and update the brand list. In this report admin has
also the filtering option.

3.5.1.5 Category Report

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 Figure 3. 13: Category Report

This is a category report where admin can add category of the product. Here admin can add,
delete and remove the category of the product and can see the list of the category by this
category report.

3.5.1.2.6 Orders Report

Figure 3. 14: Orders Report

This is orders report. After ordering a product by customer then admin can see the ordered
product. Admin has the option to deliver the unpaid products then the product will be added
into delivered orders after the completion of the payment then admin confirm the paid order
then the product will be added to the paid orders and at last the product will be processed
for the delivery to the customer.

3.5.2 Back End

This part provides facility for each store owner to edit and modify information in his own
store. Providing validation check for member and store identification, the back end system
can securely protect users’ proprietary information. In addition, all page views employ
session variables to deter manually defined variables by users. Applying user friendly
approach, and focusing on web programming inexperience, the user can effortlessly
manage his back end information. Inside the back end, users can control and view all store
information. Besides that, using content management design, the back end part
encompasses with these modules: product management, shop information management,
web board management, shopping cart management, member management, promotion
management, banner management, plaza management, poll management, currency

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management and article management. This part is consists of MySQL, XAMPP Server,
PHP, IIS etc.

In back end part each function module in system background uses the same design scheme,
which involves management functions of goods, product reports, product categories and
orders to add, delete, update and check. They all have adopted the front end page requests
sent to the controller action, invocate the service of business processing module, the last
action to deal with the results back to the view layer, and the service layer is call one or
more DAO methods for data processing.

We have developed admin login module for management of our system. In order to enter
background management system, administrator must log into our system by providing username
and password. When the administrator input correct user name and password, he can enter the
main interface of the system background. In background of the system admin can manage the
product information, order information, product category, sales report, and product report. All
the background system are developed by using MySQL, XAMPP server and PHP.

We have handled the database by using MySQL, and also handled server by XAMPP and
scripting server and making dynamic and interactive web pages by PHP.

We have developed product management option for an admin so that he can add, delete and
update product information. Admin can also add, delete and update the product category.
Apart from admin can add, delete and update the brand name of our shop. We have
developed order management for the administration. Order management enables
administrators to easily see all the order information, change the orders and delete the
order. We have implemented customer management so that admin can see all the
information of a customer. Moreover, back end part consists of report management. Admin
can see the sales report and product report so that admin can know about how much
products are sold and also know about the quantity of the product. Our system has also the
option for the admin to see the weekly, monthly and yearly report of the sales report by date
picker option. Apart from we have developed search option for admin so that he can find
information about any product. That’s all about the back-end development of our system.
[38]

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3.6 Conclusions

We have discussed in this chapter about the feasibility study of online shopping system.
Apart from the requirement analysis, system design and implementation are described in
this chapter. In system design the entity relationship diagram and data flow diagram are
described. Moreover, database design, forms design and report design are described in
system design. Here, also described the screenshot of database table, form design and report
design. In requirement analysis here discussed about the functional and nonfunctional
requirement of our system. Moreover, in implementation here discussed how we
implemented our system.
That’s all about the proposed system chapter of our project.

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 Chapter – 4
Experimental Results

4.1 Introduction

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product it is the
process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its
requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are
various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

This chapter mainly describes the qualitative practice to be used to provide data to examine
the issues acknowledged and extend the understanding of consumer value creation in the
framework of what and why consumers purchase online. Tentative and descriptive research
can provide the multiple outlooks necessary to obtain multiple approvals of online, offline
and channel switching behavior during the buying decision process. This typically involves
sampling the population, surveying them and using inferential statistics to analyze the
responses. The focus of the analysis is to expect the determining factors influencing, in this
case, what and why consumers purchase online and offline as well, why they switch from

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one way to another. The data gathered during the depth interviews were used to identify
common questions concerning consumer behavior as it relates to the pure online and offline
buying process as well as channel switching from one trade channel to another during the
buying choice process. Deepness of the interviews and concentration groups provide an
efficient means of spreading and emerging theoretical concepts to improve the ultimate
research design. And are used in this research to better appreciate what and why consumers
use the Internet to shop and in specific why they choose one channel over another in
general. Below defines how this qualitative phase of the research is directed and classifies
which of the research objectives each activity supports for both the depth interviews.[39]

4.2 Result Analysis

In this chapter we have analyzed our system. By analyzing we can see the output of the different
types of report such as sales report, product report, all product list, brand list, product category.
By analyzing we have understood that out all the modules are working. An admin can handle
our system by logged in successfully. Some of the reports are describing as follows.

4.2.1 Sales report

Figure 4. 1: Sales Report

This is the sales report of our project. Here we can see the all the sold products. Apart from,
here also exists date picker where admin can select any to inquiry about the sold data and
also can search the sold products.

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4.2.2 Products Report

Figure 4. 2: Products Report

This is another report of our online shopping system. This report is called product report.
There, we can see that how much products are ordered by the customer and also can see the
quantity of the ordered product. If admin wants then he can search here to find out the
required data or products. Moreover, here also exists date picker to find out required data
on the basis of selecting date.

4.2.3 Weekly Sales Report Chart

Figure 4. 3: Weekly Sales Report Chart

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This is weekly chart report of our all products. Here we can see that which category
products are sold more. Here we see that laptop is sold more than other products. Apart
from here the data table of our weekly sales are exists.

4.2.4 Weekly Sales Pivot Chart

Figure 4. 4: Weekly Sales Pivot Chart

This is the pivot chart of our weekly sales. In this chart we can see that sum of the total
sales of products category. From here we can know that which category of the products are
sold more than others category.

4.2.5 Weekly Brand Sales Chart

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 Figure 4. 5: Weekly Brand Sales Chart

This is the weekly sales report chart of the brands. In this chart total costs of the specific
brands are exist. From here we can know that which brands products are sold more than
other products. Here we can also analysis the data table.

4.2.6 Yearly Sales Report Chart

Figure 4. 6: Yearly Sales Report Chart

This is the yearly sales report chart of our shop. There are exist the yearly data table. We
can know which category of products are sold more in monthly. Here we can see that in the
month of March laptops are sold more than other category of the products.

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4.2.7 Weekly Brand Sales Report Chart

Figure 4. 7: Weekly Brand Sales Report Chart

This is weekly brand sales report chart. From this chart we can know that which brands
products are sold more than other brands in the daily basis. In this chart also consists the
brand sales data table from where we can analysis about the weekly brand sales report.

4.3 Application

In real-time, online shopping is very popular system. Every company of the world wants to sell
their products on online because of cost consuming. Nowadays customer is not want to come in
shop for buying products, they can save their time by online shopping and they can get their
product at home. That’s why all the companies want to sell their products on online. Online
stores typically enable shoppers to use "search" features to find specific models, brands or
items. Online customers must have access to the Internet and a valid method of payment in
order to complete a transaction, such as a credit card, an Interact-enabled debit card, or a service
such as PayPal. For physical products, the e-tailer ships the products to the customer; for digital
products, such as digital audio files of songs or software, the e-tailer typically sends the file to
the customer over the Internet. The largest of these online retailing corporations are Alibaba,
Amazon.com, and eBay. User can order any product worldwide, they just need

internet connection. User can access online shopping system by smart phone, tablet and
computer. Any user can get his needed product from any country of the world by paying
online transaction system. In our system customers can buy product only cash on delivery.
We will develop online transaction in future. We have developed brand filtering and price

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filtering option which is very user-friendly. Customers can choose their brand by selecting
the brands name and also choose their price by price range bar. In our system customers can
also choose their product by categories. They can also see the available products which is
very helpful for them to order. That means our system has stock availability. Customers can
also use our system in computer, smart phone and tablet. Our system has also add to cart
and check out option. Customers can add product in cart and if they want to order it then
they have to fill up check out form and also need to confirm the order. We have developed
searching option in our system where customers can search their products by a search bar
and they can get their desire product. Customers may prefer to visit our website to find out
about our products and services, instead of visiting us in person. They will also expect to
see our website address and our email on business cards and other promotional materials.

There are many financial benefits of online shopping system. For shoppers, the benefits are
plentiful. Shopping online saves time, offers a greater product selection and allows for cost
savings in terms of taxes, the price of the product. More than 80% of the online population has
used the Internet to purchase something. Our customers expect us to be available, and this
presence allows us to keep up with the competition. Otherwise, our audience will be flocking
toward our competitors to make an online purchase. As a business owner, we want to grow our
business and attract new audiences. Physical retail relies on branding and customer
relationships, but online retail has the added benefit of driving traffic from the search engines. If
a customer is doing a search for photo editing software, for instance, they may land on your
company even though they’ve never heard of you before. Running an e-commerce store can
actually save our money. With a web-based management system, you can automate inventory
management and decrease the costs associated with it. Also, running an ecommerce store
doesn’t come with the same overhead costs as a physical store. The additional profit that is
made from reaching more customers will offset any initial setup costs. It’s difficult to build a
customer persona when we’re running a mom-and-pop shop. We can get a rough idea of who
our customers are, but it’s based on our perception rather than actual data. With an
ecommerce[39]

store, we have the ability to track our customers buying habits. All of this information can
be used to sell more efficiently to your customers. E-commerce will help your brand get
more awareness in the online landscape. As we develop more web pages, the search
engines can index them and boost our placement. It’s important to use good keywords in
our content that are optimized for our audience, as this is what will drive traffic to our site.
As our site gets more visibility, people will become familiar with our brand and reputation.
When we open up our business globally without any geographical or time constraints, we
capture new audiences that we wouldn’t be able to reach otherwise. With a well-designed e-
commerce site and a quality product, we can drive conversions and sales and experience a
new level of growth. Analytics also helps us fine tune our marketing strategies so that
you’re reaching the right audience. Cheap deals and prices are available online, because
products come to us direct from the manufacturer or seller without middleman being
involved. So customers can get products in cheap price in our shop. Sometimes we offer
discount coupons and rebates as well. Apart from, if customers go outside for shopping

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they need to expenses on things like eating out, transportation etc. They can save these
expenses by shopping from our shop.

There is no doubt that selling online can bring many added benefits to certain businesses’. It
is the responsibility of the business owner to inform their selves, assess the situation, make
a decision and take the necessary steps towards reaching their ultimate goals.

4.4 Conclusions

In this chapter we have discussed about the experimental results of our project. Here, we
have analyzed the sales report and product report. Apart from, we have analyzed different
types of chart in this chapter. Here we have drawn many types of chart from the data table
of our shop. Moreover we can see the weekly sales report chart, daily sales report chart,
monthly sales report chart and yearly sales report chart. We have also know about the sales
report chart of the different types of chart. We can know about which category of the
products are sold more than others category of the products. Here we have also analyzed
that which brands products are sold more. We can know about the yearly sales report of our
shop by this yearly sales report and also can know which category of the products are sold
more than others. Moreover, we have discussed about the application, financial benefits and
advantages of online shopping system. That’s all about the experimental results.

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 Chapter - 5
User Manual

5.1 Introduction

To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or the
other software resources to be present on a computer. These pre-requisites are known as
(computer) system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute
rule. Most software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended.
With increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of
software, system requirements tend to increase over time. Industry analysts suggest that this
trend plays a bigger part in driving upgrades to existing computer systems than
technological advancements.
This is the home page of our project. Customer can see the all products of our shop in home
page. From here customer can select the product category by clicking category list, brand
name and price range by filtering. Customer can select his required price and brand by price
and brand filtering. Moreover, Customer can select the category of the product. In this page

5.2 System Requirements

Hardware Requirements
The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software
application is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware. A hardware
requirements list is often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list (HCL), especially in
case of operating systems. An HCL lists tested, compatibility and sometimes incompatible
hardware devices for a particular operating system or application. The following sub-
sections discuss the various aspects of hardware requirements.

Hardware Requirements for Server

Processor : Intel dual Core, Core i3

Ram : 1 GB

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Hard Disk : 80 GB

CPU Speed : 2.6 GHz

: EGA / SVGA (display), 800 × 600 24 bits True
Monitor Color.
Hardware Requirements for Client
Processor : Intel dual Core, Intel(R) Core (TM) i3-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz 3.30
GHz
Ram : 1 GB

Hard Disk : 40 GB

CPU Speed : 2.6 GHz

Monitor : EGA / SVGA (display), 800 × 600 24 bits True Color.

Mobile Devices : All the mobile devices & Tabs

Processor: The “brains” of a server, most servers contain multi-core processors so they can
attack computing tasks with greater speed and efficiency. In general, the faster our
processors, and the more threads that are devoted to our server instance, the better our
complex programs and applications will run

Ram: HTML or Hypertext Markup language files are the basic programming files of our
website. The optimum size of the HTML file may not be more than 25 – 30 KB, so if our
website has hundred pages, the size goes to 2.5 to 3 MB. Now let us add some image files
of
12 KB each, let us say 30 in number, it will contribute to our website’s space by another
3.6MB. Let us add on 5 MB more for CSS, JavaScript files, and email accounts. After
considering future scaling options, we have arrived at 13 MB website space. The space will
vary if it is a flash website.

Hard Disk: A disk space is the amount of storage space which is required for our website.
The disk space is offered in different ways by web hosting provider, it can primarily be on
the dedicated server or on shared server or you can also opt for virtual private server (VPS).
Bandwidth is the amount of data which is transferred through the website at one time.
Bandwidth has a user attribute attached wherein the disk space requirement is solely based
on the website owner’s perspective.

CPU Speed: If we’re on a shared hosting package, then these CPU resources will be split.
The requests will be processed in the order they are received. However, the CPU will be
able to process multiple requests at once, and can use time sling to ensure the requests are
handled very quickly.

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Still, CPUs can get overloaded. If there’s a large surge in traffic, or a huge amount of
scripting requests, then the performance of our site will suffer.
If we have a large, or high traffic site, we recommend choosing a hosting plan with higher
CPU such as a VPS or dedicated server plan.

5.2.2 Software Requirements

Software Requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and pre-
requisites that need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an
application. These requirements or pre-requisites are generally not included in the software
installation package and need to be installed separately before the software is installed.

Software Requirements for Server

Pleasant Password Server will operate in a virtualised environment (VMWare or Hyper-V).

You can run Pleasant Password Server on the same machine as other applications. Pleasant
Password Server will require sufficient RAM and CPU to operate normally, however (see
the next point),
For maximum security, you should install Pleasant Password Server on a dedicated system
or at least on a system with applications serving the same level of security/sensitivity.
Access to these systems should then be restricted. While all sensitive data in Pleasant
Password Server is either securely hashed or encrypted, it is a best practice for security to
limit any opportunities for foul play.

Software Requirements for Client

The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software
application is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware. In the same way
that a desktop OS controls your desktop or laptop computer, a mobile operating system is
the software platform on top of which other programs can run on mobile devices, however,
these systems are designed specifically to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones,
smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handhelds. The mobile OS is responsible
for determining the functions and features available on your device, such as thumb wheel,
keyboards, WAP, synchronization with applications, email, text messaging and more. The

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mobile OS will also determine which third-party applications (mobile apps) can be used on
your device.

5.3 User Interfaces

5.3.1 Home page

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 Figure 5. 1: Home Page

This is the home page of our project. Customer can see the all products of our shop in home
page. From here customer can select the product category by clicking category list, brand
name and price range by filtering. Customer can select his required price and brand by price
and brand filtering. Moreover, Customer can select the category of the product. In this page
customer can see the details of the product by clicking view details button. Navigation bar,
Menu bar and search option are also existing in home page of our project.
5.3.2 Contact Us Page:

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 Figure 5. 2: Contact Us Page

This is contact us page of our shop. From here customer can contact with us by filling this
form. For contacting with us customer have to fill up all the field of this form. He has to put
his full name, valid email id, purpose of the contact in subject field and write the message
details. Then he has to click submit button to send us the message.

5.3.3 About Us Page

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 Figure 5. 3: About us Page

This is about us page. Here customer can see the information about our shop. Customer can
know the name, address, and contact number, fax and email id of our shop.
5.3.4 Admin Login Page

Figure 5. 4: Admin Login Page

This is admin login page. For manage the project an admin has to login into our system to
access all of our feature. Here admin has to fill up the admin id field and password for
access our shop.
5.3.5 Admin Add Product

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 Figure 5. 5: Admin Add Product Page

This page is managed by admin. Admin has to fill up product name, product category,
brand name, and product quantity and product image by filling the add product form.
Admin can search for any required product by filtering box.

5.3.6 Add to Cart page

Figure 5. 6: Add To Cart Page

This is add to cart page. Customer can add their preferable product to the cart by clicking
this add to cart button. Here customer can also see the available product, category of the
product, brand name, description or characteristics of the product, contact info and email of
our shop.

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5.3.7 Checkout Page

Figure 5. 7: Checkout Page

This is checkout page. By this page customer can update their product quantity and also can
see the total amount of their selected products. Customer can select the quantity of the
product minimum one and maximum how much products are exist in our stock. At last they
can check out by clicking the checkout button. If they want then they can empty their cart
by clicking empty cart button.

5.3.8 Check Out Form

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 Figure 5. 8: Checkout Form

This is checkout form. By this checkout form customer can order the product by filling the
checkout form. They should give the correct information in this form. In the first name field
they have to give their first name. Then in the next field they have to give their last name.
After giving the name they have to give or put their contact number. In the next field
customer has to type their valid email. Without valid email id they could not order a
product. At last in the last field of this form they have to type their full address in which
address the product will be arrived in time.

5.3.9 Admin Brand Page

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 Figure 5. 9: Admin Brand Page

Here, this is admin brand page. Admin can add brand name in this page by clicking add
brand button. Then he has to fill add brand form. In this form admin has to fill up brand title
field to give a brand name and admin can see it as a brand list. Here admin delete by
clicking remove logo and update the brand list by clicking update logo. Admin can search
the brand name by giving brand name in the filtering box.

5.3.10 Admin Category Page

Figure 5. 10: Admin Category Page

This is admin category page where admin can add category of the product. In this page
admin can add category by fill up the category name field. Here admin can delete category
by clicking remove logo and also can edit the category of the product. At last an admin can
see the list of the category by this category page.

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5.3.11 Admin Orders Page

Figure 5. 11: Admin Orders Report

This is admin orders page. Admin can select this page by clicking orders in the side bar of
the admin panel. After ordering a product by customer then admin can see the ordered
product in the unpaid part. Then the next part is delivered part of the orders page. Here
admin can confirm the payment option. They have to click in the paid button to confirm
order of the product. Then the next part of orders page is paid orders part. Here admin can
see the paid orders. Apart from here admin can see the full order details by clicking view
item button.

5.3.12 Sales Report

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 Figure 5. 12: Sales Report

Here this is a sales report. Admin can see the all the confirmed product order list, quantity,
category and brand. Admin can see the status of the sales whether it is delivered or not. In
this report admin can analysis daily, weekly or monthly product sells report by this report.
Admin can query for any paid products by taking date picker and to field of this page.

5.3.12 Product Report

Figure 5. 13: Product Report

In this this report admin can see the product list of the ordered product which products are not
confirmed. In this report there exists a date picker. If admin wants to see the one month or day
to day product report he can see it here and also can search the ordered product by search box.

5.4 Conclusions

In this chapter we have discussed about the system requirements. From there anyone can know
about the hardware requirements and software requirements. Then we have putted the
screenshot of our projects interface and described about the functionalities of our screenshotted
pages. Apart from here we can know about the uses of our system. Our interface is very user
interactive. So users can use it very easily and order any product without any hesitation.
Today the use of website is becoming vital in the field of Online Shopping
System-“EShop”. We try our best to develop nice looking, powerful, user friendly and
secure website for personal or professional use. We think it is helpful for general people of

93
all categories. We try to fulfill all necessary requirement and feature that provide other
online base health care or medical service website.
This project helps in understanding the creation of an interactive web page and technologies
user to implement it. During the course of the project, we have across the wide variety of
problems and difficulties. We have learned the appropriate intricate working behind the
dynamic website, how tricky data manipulation can be occurred sometimes but we have
done everything.

Chapter – 6
Conclusions

6.1 Conclusion

The Internet has become a major resource in modern business, thus online shopping has
gained significance not only from the entrepreneur’s but also from the customer’s point of
view. For the entrepreneur, online shopping generates a new business opportunities and for
the customer, it makes the comparative shopping possible. A god shopping cart design must
be accompanied with user-friendly shopping cart application logic. It should be convenient
for the customer to view the content s of their cart and to be able to remove or add items to
their cart. The shopping cart application described in this project provides a numbers of
features that are designed to make the customer more comfortable. This project helps in

94
understanding the creation of an interactive web page and technologies user to implement
it. During the course of the project, we have across the wide variety of problems and
difficulties. We have learned the appropriate intricate working behind the dynamic website,
how tricky data manipulation can be occurred sometimes but we have done everything.

Successfully, the system has been designed in response to the system analysis. All possible error
in the program have been eliminated. Necessary validation techniques have been used and
normal, abnormal and extremely data was used to test the system. However, doing this project
has been a good boost to our confidence as the future IT member of our global village.

Today the use of website is becoming vital in the field of Online Shopping
System-“EShop”. We try our best to develop nice looking, powerful, user friendly and
secure website for personal or professional use. We think it is helpful for general people of
all categories. We try to fulfill all necessary requirement and feature that provide other
online base health care or medical service website.

This website is not totally dynamic but it is extendable. If the website needs to extend then we
must have to work little on the database. So, we have the demand to develop a website that

considers all the issues. Keeping all these things in mind we have tried our best to build a
website which is secure, dynamic, extendable and reusable. There still have the opportunity
to add other features that are not mentioned here.[40]

6.2 Limitations

Though we have tried our level best to make our system flawless and user friendly by using
the modern technologies, some minor functional and design inconsistencies exist in our
system due to time constraint, design of prototype and cost constraints. The limitations of
our system are:

i. E-commerce also allows your business to scale up easier than physical retailers as
they are not bound by physical limitations like inventory storage space. No online
payment system.

ii. To some extent, the privacy of a customer is compromised in eCommerce. You need
to provide your personal details, such as address, telephone number, and so on to the
seller. There are still lots of sites that do not have the advanced technology to protect
sensitive informationN o comparison between products.

iii. In spite of popularity, there still resides an element of doubt in the mind of people
when it comes to online shopping. This is because the customer cannot physically
examine the product and is not sure about the features and attributes.

95
iv. As already mentioned, it is not possible for people to physically examine the product
in eCommerce. In many cases, the original product may not match with the picture
or specifications in the eCommerce site. This absence of ‘touch and feel’ creates a
discouraging effect.

v. As the process of eCommerce encompasses customers across the globe, the habits,
traditions, and culture differ. There may also be linguistic problems and all these
may lead to issues between the seller and buyer.

vi. eCommerce requires advanced technology platforms for better performance. Some
limitations, such as lack of proper domain, network and software issues and so on
can affect the seamless performance of an eCommerce site.

vii. Last but not the least; a lot of money needs to be invested to be built up the technical
infrastructure needed to run an eCommerce business. Moreover, they need to be
upgraded based to keep abreast with the changing technology.[41]

6.3 Future Works

Our system is developed based on demand of user’s satisfaction and facilities. In our
system we have used the modern web technologies to make our system fast, convenient and
efficient for all of the personnel mentioned. Due to time and cost constraint it was not
possible to fulfill all requirements and functionalities those were planned. But in future
these planned functionalities and more improvement will be possible to pursue. The
functionalities to be implemented are:

i. E-commerce is a global phenomenon and revolution in the field of trade and

commerce. The rising of ecommerce has added a new dimension in the total scheme
of business ensuring smarter and faster service in concerned sectors.

ii. Add to compare between products. The prime objective of e-commerce is to

establish a user-friendly, trust-worthy, effective and efficient approach of providing
internet centered business transactions.

iii. Providing personalized inbox to the user. customer will get the product receiving
benefit in their factory or warehouse. They may put a varanding machine or a
output machine in there factory by which ordered items are delivered to the
customer in a short time.

iv. Add master card and visa card system. Consumers sell directly to consumers or
advertise their items through the internet. They use intranet and other internal
networks to advertise items for sale.

96
v. An individual provides certain prices to specific products and services.In the future
they will provide the requirement in the business websites and get their required
order with a limited time.

vi. The main infrastructures of e-commerce are telecommunication and internet.

Present scenario of them are very worst. So, they require extra care to develop
infrastructure. "In developing country like Bangladesh where telephone density is
only 5 per 1000 people, other options like mobile phones.[41]

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Appendices

Tools

  SQL Server Management.

  Xampp.
  Sublime Text 3.
  Creately online tool.
 Brackets editor.

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Appendix A

SQL Server Management

Appendix B

Xampp Server

Appendix C

Sublime Text 3

102
Appendix D

Creately online tool

Appendix E

Brackets Editor

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104