Fall, 2021 – 2022

College of Science and Health Professions – Riyadh

King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences pg. 1
 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Table of Contents

Contents Page

General Information 3
Teaching Faculty Contact Information 4
Course Description 5
Course General Objectives 5
Reference Book 5
Course Weekly Schedule 6
Course Assessment Requirements 7
Course Evaluation 8
Make-up Policy 9
Plagiarism Policy 10
Sessions Aims & Objectives 12

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 General Information

Course Title: Introduction to Biostatistics

Course Code: BIOS-201

Credit Hours: 2

Pre-Requisites: None

Intended Students: Pre-Professional Program

Course Duration: 16 Weeks

Course Dates: August 29, 2021 to December 30, 2021

Course Coordinator Male: Dr. Nader Al Harbi

Course Coordinator Female: Dr. Yusra Chachar

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Teaching Faculty Contact Information

Faculty Title Office # E-mail

Asst Professor, Biostatistics

Dr. Nader Al Harbi 95590 alharbina@ksau-hs.edu.sa
College of Science and Health Professions

Lecturer, Biostatistics
Dr. Yusra Chachar College of Science and Health Professions 99269 chachary@ksau-hs.edu.sa
(Female)

Teaching Assistant, Biostatistics

Ms. Shahad Alshalan 95471 shalans@ksau-hs.edu.sa
College of Science and Health Professions

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Course Description

This course provides an introduction to the basic conceptual and quantitative tools of commonly used
descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, to enable students to understand and interpret basic
statistical methods.

The topics include:

1. Descriptive statistics and graphical displays of data

2. Basic concepts of probability and probability distributions
3. Continuous distributions including normal, Binomial, 2 and t-distribution
4. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing
5. Power and sample size estimation
6. Descriptive and comparative bivariate data analysis.

Course General Objectives

By the end of this course each student should be able to:

1. Recognize, describe, and know the different types of data and the appropriate uses of
observational and experimental studies.
2. Explain basic concepts of biostatistics.
3. Summarize numeric data by computing descriptive statistics and by creating tables and graphs.
4. Know and apply the basic concepts of probability and probability distributions.
5. Identify and use the characteristics of the normal probability distribution.
6. Explain, calculate, and interpret inferential statistics including estimates and hypothesis tests
about population parameters.
7. Acquire basic skills for using the JMP and STATDISK statistical packages to perform descriptive
and elementary inferential statistics.

Reference Book

 Biostatistics for Biological and Health Sciences

Authors: Marc M. Triola and Mario F. Triola.

Faculty assistance

Faculty are encouraged to provide students with quizzes, practice exam questions (test banks), tutorials,
videos, demonstrations and other extra activities which will help their students understand the lecture
topics involved and to make them better prepared for their midterms.

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Block
Week Date
Week
29 August -2 September , Types of data & Types of Study Designs
1 Dr. Y. Chachar
2021
2 5 – 9 September, 2021
12- 16 September, 2021
3 Data & Exploratory Data Analysis
4 19- 23 September, 2021
26- 30 September, 2021
5 5.2, 5.7)
29 September, 2021
6 3-7 October, 2021
7 10-14 October, 2021
8 17- 21 October, 2021
9 24-28 October, 2021
31 Oct – 4 Nov, 2021
10
November 3, 2021
11 7-11 November 2021
12 14- 18 November, 2021
13 21- 25 November, 2021
14 28 Nov- 2 Dec, 2021
15 5 - 9 December 2021
16 12 - 16 December 2021
19 December 2021
BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)
Course Weekly Schedule
Activity Instructor
Dr. N. Al Harbi
(Ref. Chap. 1 & 2 sec. 1.1 – 1.3) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Measures of Centre & Measures of Variations
Dr. Y. Chachar
(Ref. Chap. 2 sec. 2.4 – 2.5) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Measures of Relative Standing, Visualizing Dr. N. Al Harbi
Dr. Y. Chachar
(Ref. Chap. 2 sec. 2.3, 2.6 & 2.7) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Fundamentals of Probability
Dr. Y. Chachar
(Ref. Chap. 3 & 4 sec. 3.1 – 3.2, 4.2) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Binomial & Standard Normal Probability
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Distribution (Ref. Chap. 4 & 5 sec. 4.3, 5.1,
Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Midterm 1
Estimates and sample sizes (Ref. Chap. 6 sec. Dr. N. Al Harbi
6.1 – 6.3) Dr. Y. Chachar
MIDTERM EXAM I REVIEW Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Statistical Inference and hypothesis testing
Dr. Y. Chachar
(Ref. Chap. 7 sec. 7.1 – 7.2) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Analysis of Categorical Data: Multinomial Dr. N. Al Harbi
Experiments & Contingency Tables Dr. Y. Chachar
(Ref. Chap. 8 & 10 sec. 8.2, 10.1 – 10.4) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Analysis of Continuous Data: t-test
Dr. N. Al Harbi
and one-way ANOVA test
Dr. Y. Chachar
(Ref. Chap. 8 & 11 sec. 8.3, 11.1 – 11.2) Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Non-parametric statistics (Ref. Chap. 12 sec. Dr. N. Al Harbi
12.1, 12.3 – 12.5) Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Midterm 2
Correlation & Rank Correlation (Ref. Chap.9 Dr. N. Al Harbi
& 12 sec. 9.1 – 9.2, 12.6) Dr. Y. Chachar
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Practical Session 1 Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Practical Session 2 Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Practical Session 3 Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Practical Session 4 Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
Dr. N. Al Harbi
Review for Final Exams Dr. Y. Chachar
Ms. Shahad Alshalan
FINAL EXAM WEEKS
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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Course Assessment Requirements

In order to pass the Course, a student must obtain a minimum final course grade of D. This grade is a
composition from several course requirements, which can be subdivided as:
 Attendance requirement
 Continuous assessment
 End-of-course assessment

1. Attendance Requirements

Students are required to attend no less than 75% of all educational activities during a course. This
includes lectures, and practical sessions. Your attendance will be recorded during all sessions. Failure
to meet this requirement without a valid explanation will result in exclusion from the final examination.

2. Continuous assessment (60%)

2.1 Midterm Written Exams (40%)

Two written examinations will be conducted on 5th and 10th week of the course and the content will be
related to lectures. The first mid-term exam would test content from lectures 1, 2 and 3. . The second
mid-term exam would test content from lectures 4, 5, 6 and 7. Each midterm exam would consist of
20 MCQs for one (1) hour duration.

2.2 Class Assignment (20%)

10% of the total grade will be dedicated to book-based assignments, quizzes, and 10% will be for
Statdisck and JMP-based participation.

3. End-of-Block written Examination (40%)

The end-of-block examination will consist of a written paper to assess the students’ knowledge. The
content of the written end-of-block examination will be related to lectures of the whole block. This
assessment will consist of 40 MCQs for two (2) hours duration. The questions will be drawn from the
homework, class examples, and quizzes.
You are allowed to use calculator (not to be shared) during exams.

4. Calculation of the Final Grade

The final grade is a composition of the grades obtained for the specified course requirements,
calculated according to the weight. The following table presents an overview of the course
requirements and their weight in the final grade.

Course Instruments Weight in final

Requirements course grade
Midterm Exam #1 Written 20%
Midterm Exam #2 Written 20%
Continuous assessment
(60%) Assignments 20%
- PC Lab sessions
- Text book
Final Exam Final Written 40%
(40%) E Examination

Total 100%

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Grading Criteria

The following grading code will be used (in compliance with the system established by King Saud bin
Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences).

English Grade Code Score Range Equivalent

A+ 95 – 100% Excellent plus

A 90 – 94% Excellent
B+ 85 – 89% Very good plus
B 80 – 84% Very good
C+ 75 – 79% Good plus
C 70 – 74% Good
D+ 65 – 69% High Pass
D 60 – 64% Pass
F < 60% Fail

Course Evaluation

Student Feedback
Tutor Feedback
Student Results

Providing Students with Feedback on their Continuous Assessment

“Upon the release of scores for any continuous assessment, students will be given the opportunity to
review that particular exam with their Instructors (under the supervision of the respective Course
Coordinator). This review session must be given within a reasonable time limit, which specified in this
course book. The purpose of this session is to ensure that all students are provided with adequate
explanations of the questions included in the exam, and that their weaknesses and deficiencies are
diagnosed so that remedial action can be taken where needed.”

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

POLICY FOR MAKE-UP EXAMS

(RESCHEDULED EXAM FOR A MISSED
EXAM)

1. Midterm Exam

A. If a student misses a Midterm Exam with a valid and approved excuse/sick leave:

 He/she will NOT sit for a Make-Up Midterm Exam.

 The original weight assigned to this missed Midterm Exam will be added to the weight of
the Final Exam of the same course (e.g. If a student misses a midterm worth 20% of the
course, this 20% will be added to the weight of the Final Exam). This re- weighting of the
Final Exam will be permitted for ONLY 1 (One) Midterm Exam per course.

B. If a student misses a Midterm Exam WITHOUT a valid and approved excuse/sick

leave, he/she will be given a grade of 0 (zero) for the said exam.

2. Final Lab / Final Oral Exam / In-Class Writing Final

A. If a student misses one of the above Exams with a valid and approved excuse/sick
leave:

 He/she is eligible to sit for a Make-Up Exam during the Final Exam period.
 The date of this Final Make-Up Exam will be set by the Department.

B. If a student misses any of the above Exams WITHOUT a valid and approved
excuse/sick leave, he/she will be given a grade of 0 (zero) for the said exam.

3. Final Written Exam

A. If a student misses a Final Written Exam with a valid and approved excuse/sick leave:

 He/she is eligible to sit for a Make-Up Exam on the Re-Sit Exam date.
 He/she will not be eligible for an additional Re-Sit Exam if he fails the course.

B. If a student misses a Final Written Exam WITHOUT a valid and approved excuse/sick
leave, he/she will be given a grade of 0 (zero) for the said exam.

Note: All excuse / sick leave must be submitted to the Student Affairs Department within five
(5) working days of the original scheduled exam. Late submission will not be accepted.

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Plagiarism Policy

I. Statement of Philosophy

A. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences strives to create an environment
in which academic and scholarly integrity is maintained at the highest standards. As such,
students are expected to adhere to these standards and avoid any misconduct that may be
in violation of them. This means that students should be honest with regard to their Blockwork
and avoid plagiarism, cheating and other forms of academic dishonesty. Academic
dishonesty in any form is considered a serious offense from professional, ethical and
religious perspectives.

II. Definition of Plagiarism

A. Plagiarism involves the unauthorized use of someone else's work or ideas and
representation of them as one's own original work. Work or ideas may be found in any
number of sources (e.g. written text, visual text, spoken text, multimedia products, etc). Any
time a student uses another person's words or ideas without giving them appropriate credit,
it is considered plagiarism.

B. The following are considered specific acts of plagiarism (Rockler-Gladen, 2006):

1. Putting one's name on someone else's paper. Examples of this include college
Essay plagiarism websites and using term papers from a
friend.
2. Putting one's name on someone else's phrases. It isn't necessary to steal a
complete paper to be considered plagiarism. Using just a few sentences or
paragraphs from a book or website is plagiarism if the original author is not credited
for the work.

3. Putting one’s name on something that is paraphrased. A paraphrase is an original.

Rewording of a phrase, sentence, or paragraph that essentially means the same as the
Paraphrases of someone else's work need to be cited just as a direct quote would.
Although the words are changed, it is still someone else's idea and they should be given
due recognition. Failure to do this is considered plagiarism.

4. "Recycling" old material. Slightly modifying the contents of one assignment to meet
the requirements of another assignment is considered to be
plagiarism.

5. Failure to put a quote in quotations marks, or providing incorrect information

about where a source came from. Although these may seem to be simple errors
they are still counted as plagiarism.

6. Translating materials on a translation website (e.g. Google) and the not providing
a reference for the translation. This is considered to be plagiarism since the work of
translating was not the student's own. A reference for the site from which the translation
was obtained should be provided.

III. Consequences of Plagiarism

A. First Offense (Applicable to all Semesters):

The student will be given a verbal warning from the Block instructor, as well as a brief
reminder of the definition, seriousness, and consequences of plagiarism. The student
will be required to repeat the assignment. A report will be made to the Academic
Integrity Committee. The offense will not be documented in the student's record.

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

B. Second Offense (Applicable to Semester Two and above):

The student’s work will automatically be assigned a score of ‘0’ on the assignment,
and he/she will be referred to the Chairperson of the respective department for further
reprimand. A report will be made to the Academic Integrity Committee and the offense
will be documented in the student's record.

C. Third Offense or Higher (Applicable to Semester Two and above):

If the student commits a third offense (or higher) either on the same Block or in a
subsequent Block, he/she will automatically be assigned a score of ‘0’ on the
assignment. The student will be given a written warning and referred to the Associate
Dean (for males) or Assistant Dean (for females) of the University Pre-Professional
Program for further reprimand. A report will be made to the Academic Integrity committee
and the offense will be documented in the student's record.

IV. Plagiarism Appeals Committee

A. Upon the second (or more) plagiarism offense, the student will have reBlock to convene
a committee to appeal the assigned grade of ‘0’ for the work if he/she feels he/she
has not plagiarized. This request must be made in writing and submitted to the
Chairperson of the Academic Integrity Committee within one week of the incident.

B. The committee will be comprised of the Chairperson of the Academic Integrity Committee
and three other instructors. Two of the committee members will be selected from the
Academic Integrity Committee and one from outside of the committee. At least one of the
instructors on the Appeals Committee should be a writing instructor. None of the
instructors should be teaching the student at the time of the offense. In the event that the
Chairperson is the instructor of the student, another committee member will be assigned
to chair the committee.

C. The purpose of this committee will be to make an objective decision as to whether or not
the student has actually produced plagiarized work and to apply the consequences if
appropriate. Information regarding the plagiarism, the plagiarism policy, and the appeals
committee will be provided to students during the orientation process.

References:

Rockler-Gladen, N. (2006). A definition of plagiarism.

Accesses from http://www.suite101.com/content/a-definition-for-plagiarism-a10232 on January 19, 2011

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Sessions Aims & Objectives:

Session 1: LECTURE 1- Types of data & Types of Study designs

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Introduction to Statistics and Biostatistics
ii. Understand population & sample and differentiate between parameter and statistic
iii. Define basic terms used to describe a dataset.
iv. Elucidate levels and types of data measurement.
v. Appreciate, describe and differentiate different types of study designs
vi. Understand and describe different sampling methods

Session 2: LECTURE 2 - Measures of Center and Measures of Variations

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Describe the basic components of exploratory data analysis
ii. Describe, calculate and interpret different measures of central tendency.
iii. Gain a general understanding of the characteristic of variation.
iv. Measure variation by finding the values of range, variance and the standard deviation.
v. Interpret values of the standard deviation by applying the range rule of thumb to determine
whether a particular value is unusual.
vi. Understand the various shapes of data distribution
vii. Discuss the relationship between mean, standard deviation and range

Session 3: LECTURE 3 -Measures of Relative Standing, Visualizing Data & Exploratory Data
Analysis

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Describe measures of relative standing that are used to compare values from different (or
within) datasets.
ii. Compute a z score and use the result to determine whether a given value x is unusual
and should
iii. Define, compute and interpret percentiles and quartiles.
iv. Construct a frequency distribution table
v. Construct and interpret different types of graphical representation of data.
vi. Describe and identify outliers and their effects
vii. Construct a boxplot from a given set of sample data, and describe the nature of the
distribution by examining the boxplot.

Session 5: LECTURE 4 - Fundamentals of Probability

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Define basic components related to the probability i.e. experiment, sample point, sample
space and event
ii. Develop a sound understanding of probability values and determine these values in a
variety of important circumstances.
iii. Describe basic concepts related to theory of probability and distinguish between outcomes
that likely to occur by chance and outcomes that are unusual.
iv. Describe the classical definition of probability by including the statement that it requires
equally likely outcomes.
v. Define the complement of an event and calculate the probability of that complement.
vi. Understand the concept of random variable
vii. Construct a probability distribution for a discrete random variable
viii. Calculate and interpret the mean, variance and standard deviation of a discrete probability
distribution
ix. Identify unusual results using the range rule of thumb and the probabilities
x. Understand the concept and use of the rare event rule

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Session 6: LECTURE 5 - Binomial & Standard Normal Probability Distribution

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Describe a standard normal distribution
ii. Find the probability of some range of values in a standard normal distribution.
iii. Find x and z scores corresponding to regions under the curve representing a normal
distribution.
iv. Examine histograms, outliers, and normal quantile plots to determine whether sample
data are JMP to conduct Shapiro-Wilks test to determine normality, and interpret the
results
v. Use JMP software to conduct Shapiro-Wilks test to determine normality, and interpret
the results

Session 7: LECTURE 6 - Estimates and sample sizes

At the end of these lectures, students should be able to:

i. Understand the concept of inferential statistics and the need for constructing confidence
intervals
ii. Construct and interpret confidence interval estimate of a population proportion and a
population mean.
iii. Identify the requirements necessary for the procedure that is used, and determine whether
those requirements are satisfied.
iv. Determine critical values using Z-table that correspond to various levels of confidence.
v. describe the properties of a good sample: representativeness, appropriate method of
selection, and sufficiently large size
vi. Determine the sample size necessary to estimate a population proportion and a
population mean.

Session 8: LECTURE 7 - Statistical inference and hypothesis testing

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Understand the concept of hypothesis and hypothesis testing
ii. State a claim in a symbolic, testable form
iii. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses when given some claim about a population
Proportion or mean.
iv. Understand type I and II errors in hypothesis testing, and how to minimize them
v. Understand the concept of tails in hypothesis testing and determine whether a claim
requires a one- or two-tailed test
vi. Select level of significance, calculate a test statistic, determine critical value, P-values,
and state a final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

Session 9: LECTURE 8 -Analysis of Categorical Data: Multinomial Experiments &

Contingency Tables

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Conduct a formal hypothesis test of a claim about two population proportions.
ii. Use categorical data summarized as frequencies in a table with at least two row and at
least two columns to conduct a formal test of independence between the row variable and
column variable.
iii. Conduct the cross-tabulation procedure in JMP and interpret the results of Chi-square test
and Fisher’s exact test

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 BIOS-201 (Introduction to Biostatistics)

Session 10: Analysis of Continuous Data: t-test and one-way ANOVA test

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Understand the concept of dependent and independent samples
ii. Describe the properties of the Student t distribution.
iii. Conduct a formal hypothesis test of a claim about two population means using dependent
and independent T-Test using StatDisk and JMP
iv. Conduct a hypothesis test of equality of three or more population means using Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) using JMP.

Session 10: Non-parametric statistics

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Define a nonparametric test and discuss when it is appropriate to use.
ii. Understand the difference between parametric and non-parametric tests
iii. Define the advantages and disadvantages of nonparametric methods.
iv. Identify the nonparametric equivalent test to a parametric test.
v. Conduct a formal hypothesis test for difference between two or more populations using
Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for matched pairs, Mann-whitney test for independent
populations and Kruskal-Wallis test for three or more independent populations.

Session 11: Correlation & Rank Correlation

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

i. Understand the concept of linear relationship between paired quantitative data
ii. Use a scatter plot to assess whether a linear relationship exists and its direction
iii. Conduct a formal hypothesis test to find the value and assess the strength of the linear
correlation (Karl-Pearson) and rank correlation (Spearman) coefficients using JMP.
iv. Compute and interpret the coefficient of determination

Session 12: Computer Lab Session

i. Independently use JMP and STATDISK statistical packages to perform descriptive and
elementary inferential statistics.
ii. Understand and interpret the output of JMP and STATDISK software.

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