FLUID POWER SYSTEM

1. Introduction
Fluid Power is a technology that deals with
generation, control, transmission and
utilization of power to perform the work using
pressurized fluid or compressed air.
The term fluid power applies to both hydraulics
and pneumatics.
Hydraulics uses pressurized fluid, for example, oil
or water.
Pneumatics uses compressed air or other neutral
gases.
What is Fluid Power?
 Applications
• Drives Machine tools
• Robot
• Material handling system
• Harvests crops(agricultural machinery)
• Steers and brakes Automobile
• Launches spacecraft
• Moves earth(earth moving equipment)
• Mines coal
• Controls aeroplanes
• Process food
• Drills teeth
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 Advantages of fluid power system
(compared to mechanical, electrical)

• Higher torque.
• Multiplication of forces
• Provides infinite variable speed control which is difficult
from other drives.
• High accuracy in hydraulic system
• Constant force and torque is possible.
• Overload safety.
• Systems readily adapt to external control methods,
including mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, and
electronic systems
• Self lubrication, hence less friction
• absorption of shock, vibration.
• Simple and compact
 Disadvantages of Fluid Power System

• Higher safety factors associated with high-

pressure oil and compressed air.
• Susceptibility to dirty environments, which
can cause extreme component wear without
careful filtration.
• Leakage problem, hence more maintanance
• High initial cost.
• Fire hazard (for petroleum based fluid)
 Basic Principle

• The basic principle of fluid power was developed by

Pascal.
• He stated that pressure generated at one point in a
confined liquid acts equally in all directions.
Hand operated Hydraulic Jack
Hydraulic System Basic Structure
 Hydraulic Fluids

• It is the working media o hydraulic system.

Functions:
1. Transmit power
2. Lubricate the moving part
3. Sealing
4. Cooling
5. Damping
 Properties of Fluid:
1. Ideal Viscosity
2. Good lubricity
3. High flash and fire point
4. Low pour point
5. Chemical stability
6. Incompressibility
7. Non corrosive
8. Non toxic
9. Fire resistance
10. Foam resistance
11. Low volatility
12. Low density
13. Good heat transfer capability
 Types of hydraulic fluid
1. Petroleum based fluid: Mineral oils
2. Water oil Emulsion: Emulsion is a mixer of two
fluids that are not chemically react with each
other. Petroleum based oil and water are
commonly used. It consist of 40% of water and
rest of oil and other additives. It increases the
fire resistance.
3. Water glycol: It has water and glycol in the
ratio of 1:1. It is suitable for low temperature
application as it posses high antifreeze
characteristic. It has poor corrosion resistance.
4. Synthetic fluid: Phosphate ester is the
common synthetic fluid. It is suitable for
high temperature application. It not
compatible with plastics and elastomers .
Expensive.
5. High water content fluid: 90% water and
10% additives
6. Vegetable oil: Environmental friendly
 Hydraulic Pump
• It is a power generating unit, which convert
mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
• It push the fluid and creates the flow.
• Pump raise the energy level of the fluid.
• It does not increase the pressure of the fluid
• But pressure increases only due to resistance
to the flow of fluid.
 Pumping Theory
• Partial vacuum is created at the pump inlet
due to internal operation of the pump.
• This allows atmospheric pressure to push the
fluid out of the oil tank and into the pump
intake.
• Then mechanical action of the pump push the
fluid out of the discharge line.
Parts: 1. Inlet port 2. outlet port 3. Pumping
Chamber 5. Impeller 6. Power source (Motor)
 Pump Classification
Positive displacement pump Non positive displacement pump
Centrifugal pump
Reciprocating pump Rotary pump(Fluid Power Pump)

Fixed displacement pump Variable displacement pump

Gear Pump Screw Pump Vane Pump Piston Pump

External Internal 1. Unbalanced Axial Radial

2. Balanced
1.Gear pump 1.Crescent pump 1. Bent axis
2.Lobe pump 2.Gerotor pump 2. Swash plate
Positive displacement Non positive displacement
• Inlet is sealed from • Inlet and outlet are
outlet connected hydraulically
• Ejects fixed quantity of • Continuous flow
fluid in each revolution
or stroke
• High pressure • Low pressure
• High head & low flow • Low head & high flow
rate rate
• Self priming • Priming required
• Handling viscous fluid • Handling all types of fluid
only(Fluid power
application)
• Compact • Bulky
External Gear Pump
Lobe Pump
Crescent Pump
Gerotor Pump
Screw Pump
Vane Pump(Unbalanced)
Vane Pump(Balanced)
Variable Displacement Vane Pump
Axial Piston Pump-Bent axis type
Axial Piston Pump-Bent axis type
Axial Piston Pump-Swash Plate Type
Axial Piston Pump-Swash Plate Type
Radial Piston Pump
 Pump Selection Factor
1. Flow rate requirement
2. System pressure(Load)
3. Operating Speed
4. Efficiency (Performance)
5. Types of fluid
6. Noise
7. Cost
8. Maintenance
9. Reliability