LESSON 4

in

INTECAL 125 -
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
A. Course Code /Title : INTECAL 125 - CALCULUS 2
B. Lesson Number : Lesson 4 - Inverse Trigonometric Function

The inverse trigonometric functions sin-1(x) or arcsin (x), cos-1(x), and tan-1(x), are used to find
the unknown measure of an angle of a right triangle when two side lengths are known.

�� �
1. = ���−1 �
+�
�2 −�2

�� 1 �
2. = ���−1 +�
�2 +�2 � �

�� 1 �
3. = ���−1 +�
� �2−�2 � �

Examples.

��
1.
25−�2
�2 = � 2
�2 = 25
u = x a= 5
du = dx
�� �
= = ���−1 �
+�
�2−�2

�
= ���−1 5
+�

6
2. ��
16+�2
�2 = � 2
�2 =16
u = x a = 4
du = dx
�� 1 �
=6 = 6 ���−1 +�
�2 +�2 4 4

3 �
= 2 ���−1 4
+�

7
3. ��
� 4�2 −1

�2 = 4�2 �2 = 1
u = 2x a = 1
du = 2dx
��
= ��
2�

1 ��
7 �
�2 − �2 2
2
�� 1 u
7 = 7 sec−1 a
+C
� �2 −�2 a

=7 sec−1 2x + C
 �
4. ��
�4+49

�2 = �4 �2 = 49
u = �2 a = 7
du = 2xdx
��
= ��
2�

� ��
�2 + �2 2�

1 �� 1 1 �
= ∙ ���−1 +�
2 �2 + �2 2 � �

1 1 �2
∙ ���−1 +�
2 7 7

1 �2
= ���−1 +�
14 7

�−3
5. �2+1
��

� 3
= �2+1
�� − �2+1
��

� = �2 + 1
du = 2xdx
��
= ��
2�

� ��
� 2�
1 1
��
2 �
1
ln � + �
2
1
ln �2 + 2 + �
2

3
− 2��
� +2

�2 = �2 �2 = 1
u =x a = 1
du = dx

��
−3
�2 + � 2
1 u
−3 tan−1 + C
a a
−3tan−1 (x) + C

1
= ln �2 + 2 − 3tan−1 (x) + C
2
 ���
6. �4+2�2 +2
���
=
� + 2� + 12 − 2 − 1
4 2

���
=
(� + 1)2 + 1
2

�2 = �2 + 1 �2 = 1
u = �2 + 1 a = 1
du = 2xdx
��
= ��
2�
� ��
=
�2 +�2 2�

1 �� 1 �
=2 = ���−1 +�
�2 +�2 � �

�� 1 1 �2 +1
= �2+�2
= ���−1 +�
2 1 1

1 �2 +1
= ���−1 +�
2 1

� ��
7. 9+8�2−�4

���
=
9 − (�4 − 8�2 + 16) + 16

���
25 − (�2 − 4)2

�2 = �2 − 4 �2 = 25
u = �2 − 4 a = 5
du = 2xdx
��
= ��
2�
�
��
=
�2 − �2 2�

1 ��
=
2 �2 − �2

1 �2 −4
= sin−1 +�
2 5