Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND

MAINTENANCE

GRADE 12

Installing Electrical
Protection
(Layout and Install Panel Board)
1st Quarter
Week 7 and 8
Module 7 and 8

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
Install Electrical Protection System for Lighting
and Grounding
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page How to Use this Module .................................................................................. 1

Introduction.................................................................................................................2

Pre- Test ……………………………………………………………………………….….3-4

Learning Outcome 2: Layout and install fuse panel .............................................5

Technical Terms.......................................................................................................6-7

• Learning Experiences/Activities.............................................................................8-9

• Information Sheet 2.1 ........................................................................................10-33

• Operation Sheet 2.1...........................................................................................34-37

• Self-Check 1.1 .................................................................................................38-40

References................................................................................................................41
Acknowledgement.....................................................................................................42
Rubric for activity.......................................................................................................43
Assessment Plan..................................................................................................44-45
Observation checklist................................................................................................46
Observation and Questioning checklist ....................................................................47
Demonstration...........................................................................................................48
Written Report ..........................................................................................................49
Performance test.......................................................................................................50
Answer Key 1.1 ……............................................................................................51-52
 How to use this Competency Based
Module?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions
below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer
key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy Studying!

1
 Parts of the Module

❖ Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module.

❖ Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

❖ Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what

learnings and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.

❖ Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the

lesson.

❖ Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

❖ Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

❖ •Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from

the lesson.

❖ Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.

2
 PRE- TEST 2.1
PRE-TEST I: Identification
1. Label the parts of the breaker load center illustrated below

A. ______________________
B. ______________________
C. ______________________
D. ______________________
E. ______________________

TEST – II Matching type

Direction: Match common load center accessories at the right with their uses at the
left. Write the correct letters on the blank.
______ 1. Used to allow entrance of conduits to rain-proof enclosures.

______ 2. Itis used to mechanically tie two or more breaker handles together to
assure common tripping.

______ 3. It is used to lock breakers in the “off” position for equipment maintenance
or servicing.

______ 4. Used for termination of equipment grounding conductors.

______ 5. It is used for termination of conductors.

3
______ 6. Used for locking of cabinet doors to allow entrance of qualified personnel
only.

______ 7. Used to fill empty breaker spaces where “breakouts” have been removed.

______ 8. It is used for termination of circuit.

______ 9. Used to lock breakers in the “off” or “on” position.

A. Lug B. Flush Locks C. Grounded

(Neutral) Bar

D. Padlock Attachment E. Ground Bar F. Lock Off

G. Conduit Hub H. Closure Plate I. Handle Tie

4
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II

Unit of Competency: INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR

LIGHTING AND GROUNDING

Module Title: Installing Electrical Protection

Learning Outcome 2: Layout and install Panel Board

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains the “knowledge” and “skill” units in installing electrical
protection.

It covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential in installing electrical

protection system needed prior to starting work. Tools are checked and prepared.
Appropriate inspection must also be done prior to start work so that lubrications and
supplementary parts as per enterprise specifications. Correct way of storing must
also be observed.

This module consists of two (2) Learning Outcomes (LO’s) that contains
learning activities for both knowledge and skills supported with information sheets,
job/operation sheets and self-check. Before attempting to perform the manual
exercises, see to it that you have already read and understood the
information/operation sheet and answered correctly the self-check provided in every
Learning Activities.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1. lay out and install fuse panel; and

LO2. lay out and install panel board.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Refer to the assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-3 of this module.

PREREQUISITES

Basic and Common Competency 5

 TECHNICAL TERMS

1. Voltage rating - Is the maximum voltage at which a device is designed to

operate.
2. Amperage rating - Is a maximum current-carrying capacity of a device.
3. Interrupted rating - is the highest current at rated voltage that a device is
identified to interrupt under standard test conditions.
4. Blade-type cartridge fuse - Is a fuse with flat contact blades on a cylindrical
case.
5. Type “S” plug fuse - is a fuse with special size-limiting characteristics for
each amperage range.
6. Cabinet - Is an enclosure designed either for surface or flush mounting and
provided with a frame, mat, or trim in which a swinging door of doors
may be hung.
7. Circuit breaker - Is an automatic over-current device that trips on overloads,
shorts and resettable.
8. Oil circuit breaker - Is a load interrupter in which the interrupting contacts
operate submerged in a transformer oil.
9. Disconnecting - Is a method by which the conductor of a circuit can be
disconnected from their source of supply.
10. Dustproof - Is constructed that dust will not interface with its successful
operation.
11. Dust-tight - is constructed that dust will not enter the enclosing case.
12. Rainproof - Is constructed, protected, or treated as to prevent the rain from
interfering with successful operation of the apparatus.
13. Rain tight - Is a constructed or protected exposure to a beating rain which
will not result to the entrance of the water.
14. Eccentric knockout - Is a knockout that is removed from the box in section
to form larger holes.
15. Concentric knockout – Is a several removable metal ring that allows the
entrance of various standard sizes of connectors into a cabinet.
16. Edison-base plug fuse - Is a fuse with base that fits the same socket as a
regular based incandescent bulb.
6
 17. Overload - Is larger than normal current flowing within the normal current
path.
18. Overcurrent protection - Is a weak link in the circuit that limits the amperage
to a specified amount.
19. Fault current - Is a current that flows from one conductor to ground or
another conductor because of an abnormal connection or arc between
the two.
20. Short circuit - Is larger than the normal current flowing outside the normal
current path.
21. In rush circuit - Is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an
electrical device when first turned on.
22. Fuse element - is generally made of materials having low melting point, high
conductivity, and least deterioration due to oxidation. It is inserted in
series with the circuit to be protected.
23. Bimetal Strip - Is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical
displacement.

ACRONYMS

NEC - National Electrical Code

NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association

OHSA – Occupational Health Safety Act.

PEC – Philippine Electrical Code

7
Program/Course: BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION NC II
Unit of Competency: INSTALL ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR
LIGHTING AND GROUNDING
Module Title: Installing Electrical Protection
Learning Outcome 2: Layout and install Panel Board

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. Tools and materials for installing panel board are prepared in line with the job
requirements
2. Panel boards are installed according to the job requirements.
3. Electrical conductors are properly harnessed in line with the established standards
4. Safety procedures are strictly followed according to the OSHS standards
5. Panel board is knocked out in line with the job requirements.
6. Workplace is cleaned upon the completion of the job.

8
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 2: Layout and Install Panel Board

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read the attached Information You can ask the assistance of your
Sheet 2.1 teacher to explain topics you cannot
understand.

2. Perform Operation Sheet 2.1 on Perform the operation sheet with close
installing wire receptacle circuit supervision of teacher.
to load center.

3. Answer Self – Check 3.2

9
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.1
Layout and install Panel Board
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) provision for circuit protection

Conductors-Maximum Ampacity and Size

A. General. Branch circuit conductors shall have an ampacity of not less than the
rating of the branch circuit and of not less than the maximum load to be served.
Cable assemblies with neutral conductors smaller than the ungrounded conductors
shall be also marked.
B. Household ranges and cooking appliances. Branch circuit conductors
supplying household ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter cooking units and other
household cooking appliances, shall have an ampacity of not less than the rating of
the branch circuit and not less than the maximum load to be served. For ranges of 8
¾ Kw or more rating, the minimum branch circuit rating shall be 40 amperes.
C. Other loads. Branch circuit conductors supplying loads other than cooking
appliances as covered shall have an ampacity sufficient for the loads served and
shall not be smaller than 2.0 mm2.
Switchgear in a broad sense covers a wide range of equipment connected with
switching and protection. A circuit breaker is a switching i.e. current interrupting or
making device in switchgear. The basic requirements of switching in power system
practice are two-fold:
1. to permit apparatus and circuits to be conveniently put into or taken out of service.
2. and, to permit appropriate and safe isolation of apparatus and circuits
automatically in a pre-determined period when they develop faults.
Circuit Breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike a
fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be
reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers
are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household
appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an
entire city.
Schematic Symbol:

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0iSfBaEc3bc9C3APhQlhVGVdGfIiZopE7HekCuw9dQBmQD7J9yEqlDYlkjikfOB84kl

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 Typical circuit breakers
Photo retrieved from: https://media.rs-online.com/t_large/F5375551-01.jpg and https://www.iskra.eu/f/pics/36829/Miniature_Circuit_Breakers_RI_50_b.png

Small circuit breakers are either installed directly in equipment or are

arranged in a breaker panel.

Inside Part of A Circuit Breaker

Photo retrieved from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Circuitbreaker.jpg/220px-Circuitbreaker.jpg

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 The 10-ampere rail mounted thermal-magnetic miniature circuit breaker is the
most common style in modern domestic consumer units and commercial electrical
distribution boards throughout Europe. The design includes the following
components:
1. Actuator lever - Used to manually trip and reset the circuit breaker. It also
indicates the status of the circuit breaker (On or Off/tripped). Most breakers are
designed so they can still trip even if the lever is 42 held or locked in the on position.
This is sometimes referred to as "free trip" or "positive trip" operation.
2. Actuator mechanism - It forces the contacts together or apart.
3. Contacts - It allows current to flow when touching and break the flow of current
when moved apart.
4. Terminal connection - A component used to electrically connect the circuit breaker to
the circuit it is protecting.

5. Bimetallic strip - Used to protect circuits from excess current. A coil of wire is used to
heat a bimetal strip, which bends and operates a linkage that unlatches a spring-operated
contact. This interrupts the circuit and can be reset when the bimetal strip has cooled down.

6. Calibration screw - It allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust the trip current of
the device after assembly.
7. Solenoid - Is the generic term for a coil of wire used as an electromagnet. It also refers to
any device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using a solenoid. The
device creates a magnetic field from electric current and uses the magnetic field to create
linear motion.

8. Arc divider / extinguisher - A component of the circuit breaker that extinguishes an

arc when the contacts are opened. An arc is a discharge of electric current crossing
a gap between two contacts. Circuit breakers must be designed to control them
because arcs cannot be prevented.

Principles and Operation of Circuit Breakers

Circuit breakers operate using one or both two principles:
1. Thermal operation relies on the extra heat produced by high current warming a
bimetal strip which bends to strip the operating contacts.
2. Magnetic operation is due to the magnetic field set up by a coil carrying the
current which attracts an iron part to trip the breaker when the current becomes large
enough.

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The Advantages of the Circuit Breaker over the Fuse:
1. The circuit breaker acts as a switch aside from its being an over current protective
device.
2. When there is over current, the circuit breaker trips (cut) automatically and after
correcting the fault, it becomes readily available for switch on. Unlike the fuses which
has to be discarded and replace after it is busted.
3. Circuit breaker can be with multiple poles and can be installed with 1, 2, or 3 poles
which will simultaneously protect and switch one to three lines. The fuse on the other
hand is a single pole put into a single wire and can protect only one single electric
line.
4. Circuit breaker position is easier to detect. It is closed, tripped or open right at the
handle.
5. The fuse, on the other hand, is not easily detected because the melted fusible
element is within the fuse casing.
6. Circuit breaker can be manually tripped so that in many cases it also acts as the
circuit switch.

Functions of fuses and circuit breakers in electrical circuits:

1. it protects electrical circuits from damage by too much current.
2. serves as protection of conductors.
3. serves as protection of electrical loads/equipment.
4. serves as current limiter to the circuit.
5. acts as safety valve for electrical circuits; and 6. serves as disconnecting means

Types of circuit breaker and their operating principle

Thermal trip
❖ If current flow exceeds the rated limit of the breaker, the bimetallic strip heats
and bends.
❖ As the strip bends, the latching mechanism is tripped, and the contacts open.

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 Thermal trip

Photo retrieved from :https://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/1.jpg?w=584

Electromagnetic trip
❖ As the current flows through the breaker, it creates a magnetic field within the
coil. During sustained overload condition, the magnetic field interferes and
draws the core into the coil.
❖ The metal trip bar is attracted to the core forcing the latch to move, thus
opening the contacts

Electromagnetic trip
Photo retrieved from: https://circuitglobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/mcb-circuit.jpg

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 Standard ampere rating for fuses and nonadjustable circuit breakers
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80
90 100 110 125 150 160 175 200 225 250 300
350 400 450 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 2000 2500
3000 4000 5000 6000

Circuiting guidelines
There are many ways of doing the circuitry but there is no optimum or perfect way of
doing it. There are certain guidelines promulgated by the National Electrical Code
(NEC) for flexible, economical, and convenient layout. They are as follows:
1. The code requires sufficient circuitry to supply residential load of 30 watts per
square meter in buildings excluding porches, garages, and basements.
2. The requirements of 30 watts per square meter works out to 80 sq. m. per 20
amps. Circuit (2,400w) or 60 sq. m. for 15 amps. Circuit (1,800w).
3. Good practice suggests that a load should not exceed 1,600 watts for a 20 amp.
Circuit or 1,200 watts for 15 amp. Circuit, thus, a. For a 15 amp. Circuit, -1,200w
max. Load –40 sq. m. maximum area. b. For a 20 amp. Circuit, -1,600 w. max. Load
–53 sq. m. maximum area.
4. The NEC requires a minimum of 20 amp. Appliance circuit to feed all small
appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining and family room. 45
5. The general-purpose branch circuit should be 20 amps. Wired with no.12 AWG
being the minimum size of conductor wires for convenience outlet.
6. Circuit load on a 15 amp. Circuit should be limited to the values given on table of
branch circuit requirements.
7. As specified by the NEC, plug outlets (convenience receptacles) must be counted
in computing the load if it is not included in the load for general lighting circuit, thus,
for 9 and 12 amperes loading on 15 amps. and 20 amps. Circuits respectively, we
have: a. 15 amp. Circuit 91.5 = 6 outlets. b. 20 amp. Circuit 121.5 = 8 outlets.

8. Convenience receptacles should be planned properly so that failure of a single

circuit will not deprive the entire area of power supply. In terms of reliability of
service, the circuit must be alternate to provide each area part of the different
circuits.
9. All kitchen outlets must be fed from at least two of these circuits.
10. The NEC further stipulates, ―all receptacles are potential appliance and at least
two circuits should be supplied to serve them‖.
15
11. Certain outlets in the room should be designed as appliance outlet such as: a. All
kitchen receptacles b. Dining room receptacles c. One in the living room 46
12. The National Electrical Code (NEC) requires that at least one 20 amp. Circuit
supplies the laundry outlets. 13. If air conditioner is anticipated, provide a separate
circuit for this appliance.

TABLE OF BRANCH CIRCUIT REQUIREMENTS

Branch Circuit Size

15 Amp. 20Amp. 30 Amp. 40Amp. 50Amp

Minimum size conductors No. 14 12 10 8 6

Minimum size taps No. 14 14 14 12 12

Overcurrent device rating 15 amp. 20 30 40 50

Lamp holder permitted Any type Any type H. Duty H. Duty H. Duty

Receptacle rating 15 Amp. 50 or 20 30 40 or 50 50

permitted

Maximum load 15 20 30 40 50

Classifications/Types of Breakers According to Mounting Method

1. Din rail type mounted circuit breakers

DIN stands for "Deutsches Institut fur Normung", which means "German
Institute for Standardization." In the 1970's the name DIN became the official symbol
for technical standardization in Germany. It has become commonplace for
Automation equipment to be mounted on 35mm DIN rails

16
 DIN Rail Mount Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) The main advantage of this
type of MCB is versatility: DIN rails are used by many different types of electrical and
communications equipment, and they are mainstream in industrial settings.
Standard DIN Rails are available in 35mm (7.5 and 15mm deep), 32mm and 15mm
widths and are supplied in 1 m (3'3") and 2 m (6'6”) lengths.

Din Rail Type Mounted Circuit Breakers

Photo retrieved from: https://usbreaker.com/images/product_images/MCB-on-DIN.jpg

Fork Type Bus Bar

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https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1WWnDHXXXXXboXpXXq6xXFXXX4/200741733/HTB1WWnDHXXXXXboXpXXq6xXFXXX4.jpg

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 Standard Terminal Bar
Photo retrieved from: https://media.rs-online.com/t_large/R0475426-01.jpg

Snap Fit Terminal Bar

Photo retrieved from: https://media.rs-online.com/t_large/R333552-91.jpg

2. Bolt Mounted Type Circuit Breakers

Bolt-on breakers still need bus bars, so still end up with the redundant box if
going in a control panel. The term used for what you are referring to is a "panel
mount" breaker, lug in, lug out, no bus.

18
 Bolt Mounted Type Circuit Breakers
Photo retrieved from: https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51BAFrEUNZL._AC_SY355_.jpg

3. Plug-in type circuit breakers

One of the main attributes of plug-in circuit breaker is their simplicity and ease
of installation. They snap in place when inserted into the slots of a distribution board,
and you simply need a screwdriver to connect the circuit you want to protect. Plug-in
circuit breakers are so simple to install.

Plug-in type circuit breakers

Photo retrieved from: https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0006/8717/7789/products/Eaton_Type_BR_20-Amp_Double-Pole_Plug-
In_Circuit_Breaker_1024x1024.jpg?v=1521286863

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 The name of the circuit breaker is taken from the medium or manner of
extinguishing the arc produced when the circuit breaker’s contacts opened.
1. Air blast type circuit breaker –uses dry and compressed air in extinguishing
the arc.

Photo retrieved from: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f9/74/2d/f9742dfd16b3fb61467bfc1d2ad507af.jpg

2. Air circuit breaker – Interruption occurs in free air. Is electronic equipment

that is used for the protection of electric circuits from short circuits or
overcurrent. The ACB operates at atmospheric pressure in air. ACB is used in
the switching mechanism and protection of the electrical

3. Oil type circuit breaker – Uses a special oil to extinguish the arc. Bulk oil
circuit breaker or BOCB is such types of circuit breakers where oil is used as
arc quenching media as well as insulating media between current carrying
contacts and earthed parts of the breaker. The oil used here is same as
transformer insulating oil.
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 Oil Type Circuit Breaker
Photo retrieved from: https://www.dfliq.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Arc-Quenching-Media-1.jpg

4. Gas type circuit breaker – instead of oil, air, or a vacuum, a sulfur

hexafluoride circuit breaker uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas to cool and
quench the arc on opening a circuit. Advantages over other media include
lower operating noise and no emission of hot gases, and relatively low
maintenance.

Gas Type Circuit Breaker

Photo retrieved from: https://www.hitachi.com/products/energy/TandD/common/images/gcb/img02.jpg

5. Vacuum type circuit breaker – Uses vacuum container. A vacuum circuit

breaker is a kind of circuit breaker where the arc quenching takes place
in vacuum medium. The operation of switching on and closing of current carrying
contacts and interrelated arc interruption takes place in a vacuum chamber in
the breaker which is called vacuum interrupter.

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 Vacuum type circuit breaker
Photo retrieved from: https://4.imimg.com/data4/II/AD/MY-8247807/vacuum-circuit-breaker-250x250.jpg

Circuit Breaker Features.

In addition to the relatively simple thermal magnetic breakers described above, there
are many other features available in molded-case breakers:
1. Solid-State Tripping - With adjustable long-time, short-time, and instantaneous
trip points and adjustable time delays, it provides easily adjustable precise settings
and stable repeatability, facilitating coordination with other over current protection in
the system, so that the device nearest the fault opens first.
2. High Interrupting Capacity - As serving agency system increase the current
available under fault conditions, it is important to select properly rated equipment,
including circuit breakers. Those capable of interrupting more than 5,000 amperes
are marked up to 2,000 000 amperes.
3. Current-Limiting Breakers - These are made both with integral fuses and without
fuses which will interrupt within one-half cycle, limiting the fault current that will flow
to downstream equipment.
4. Ground Fault Interruption - This is built-in as an integral part of the circuit
breaker.
5. Remote Operation - Shunt trips are commonly used to open a circuit breaker
from a remote point or to open it automatically as in a ground fault protection system.
Also available are motor operated breakers, which can be opened and closed
remotely.
6. 100% Rated - The loading of a circuit breaker is limited to 80% when the load is
continuous (3 h or more) unless listed for 100% loading will be so marked. Two or
more of these features may be combined in one circuit breaker, depending on the
requirements of the application.
22
Standard Ratings.
Both fuses and breakers are available in standard ratings of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, and 200 amperes, and of course
larger sizes (up to 6000 amp) for use where required. Additional standard ratings for
fuses only are 1, 3, 6, and 10 amperes, mainly for the protection of small motor
circuits.

Determining Proper Rating of Over Current Device

The fuse must blow, or the breaker open, when the current flowing through it
exceeds the number of amperes that is safe for the wire in the circuit. The larger the
wire, the greater the number of amperes it can safely carry.
The code specifies the ampacity (the maximum number of amperes) that can
be safely carried by each size and type of wire. The ampacity of any size and kind of
copper or aluminum wire can be found in NEC. The ampacity of the wire determines
the maximum ampere rating of the fuse or the breaker that may be used to protect
the circuit.
These may aid you to memorize the ampacity of the smaller sizes of Type TW
copper wire usually used in residential and farm wiring.
These ampacities are:

No. 14 15 amp

No. 12 20 amp

No. 10 30 amp

No. 8 40 amp

No. 6 55 amp

The ampacities shown are for wires in conduit, in cable, or buried directly in
the earth. If installed in free air, the ampacities are higher. Strictly speaking, the
ampacity of No. 14, No. 12, and No. 10 is greater than shown above because the
figures given represent the maximum permitted over current protection. The
23
difference is significant only when applying derating factors for continuous loads, for
more than three conductors in a raceway, or for ambient temperatures over 30 deg.
(86 deg. F).

Important Ratings when Choosing Replacement Circuit Breakers

1. Rated voltage, Rated normal current. Values are used to designate it and which is
related to the operating conditions of the circuit breaker.
2. Rated breaking capacity. It is expressed in Maximum Voltage Ampere (MVA)
capacity as the product of the rated breaking current in kilo-amperes and the
corresponding rated voltage in kV.
3. Rated frequency. The frequency of the electrical system in which the circuit
breaker is to be connected.
4. Rated short time current. Effective value of current in which the circuit breaker
must carry for a stated time. This requirement is needed since the fault current,
which has to be cleared by another circuit breaker, may have to flow through it.

Characteristics of Overload Currents:

1. They are greater than the normal current flow.
2. They are contained within the normal conducting current path.
3. If allowed to continue, they will cause overheating of the equipment, conductors
and the insulation of the conductors.

Characteristics of Short-circuit and Ground – Fault

1. They flow ―outside‖ of the normal current path.
2. They may be greater than the normal current flow.
3. They may be less than the normal current flow.

Advantages of Fuse Over Circuit Breaker

Despite the disadvantages of the fuse over the circuit breaker, fuse has also
some advantages over circuit breaker, such as:
1. Major advantage of the fuse over circuit breaker is reliability and stability. The fuse
can stay on its position for years and act when called on to act as designed.
2. Cost of the fuse is very much lower than that of the circuit breaker.
3. Circuit Breaker have several moving parts, which require maintenance and
periodic testing to be in good condition.
24
 Parts of a Breaker Load Center

B B
A

C E
A
A

D D

https://price.kapatan.com/images/7146.jpg

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 COMMON PANEL BUS CONFIGURATION

1. Main Breaker Single Phase

Photo retrieved from: https://www.tlcelectrical.com

/wp-content/uploads/Gallery-Photos/Electrical-Pane
l-Installation/2014-10-31-12.01.48.jpg

2.Main Lug Only (MLO)Single Phase

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3. Split Bus Single Phase

Photo retrieved from: https://www.electriciantalk.com/attachments/

f2/10797d1324129197-split-buss-panel-split-bus-panel.jpg

4. Double Split Bus Single Phase

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tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcT5kj
PBkoJgcbuLqbiXDLFepuamoeQP9jsV4g&usqp=CAU

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5. Three Phase MLO

Photo retrieved from: https://cdn-images.av-iq.com

/products/enlarge/SCP%20338-30.png

Types of Load Center and Enclosures

A. Flush Mount (NEMA 1)

Photo retrieved from: https://www.kele.com/Catalog/06%20Enclosures/Web%20Images/567-Series.jpg

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 A. Surface Mount (Generally NEMA 1)

In most cases Surface- Mount and Flush Mount load centers use the same
cabinets. However, other cabinets may be ordered for special installations.

HUB PLATE

DOOR SWING
“UP”

C. Exterior Surface (NEMA 3R)

Photo retrieved from: https://www.zoro.com/static/cms/product/full/Z0y_ptfo5oy.JPG

NEMA 3R load center enclosures are identified by the presence of a hub plate
on the top.

Load center accessories and their uses

A. Lug is used for termination of conductors.

Photo retrieved from: https://ecat.eleknet.com/PIM_Docs/Docs/STEP_

ASSETS_IMG/140964558.jpg.ashx?w=200&h=200&mode=max

29
B. Grounded (neutral) bar is used for termination of circuit

Photo retrieved from: https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g

/UUkAAOSwnuxeoCIQ/s-l400.jpg

C. Ground bar is used for termination of equipment grounding conductors.

Phot retrieved from: https://static.grainger.com/rp/s/is/image/Grainger/5B711_AS01?$zmmain$

D. Flush locks are used for locking of cabinet doors to allow entrance of qualified
personnel only,

Photo retrieved from: https://rexel-cdn.com/Products/Product.jpg?i=

C3CC0EF2-5410-40BE-9FD4-72CA0C46A305&f=300-sq

E. Padlock attachment is used to lock breakers in the “off” or “on” position.

Photo retrieved from: https://images.homedepot-static.com/productImages/

1c0bc5f0-9158-42c7-86ee-91005da2ec8d/svn/eaton-circuit-breaker
-lockouts-chplcs-64_1000.jpg

F. Closure plate is used to fill empty breaker spaces where “breakouts” have been
removed.

Photo retrieved from: https://cf.shopee.ph/file/6817dc169c6fe890e96ce892e22a3e6c

30
G. Lock off is used to lock breakers in the “off” position for equipment maintenance or
servicing

Circuit Breaker lock Off

Photo retrieved from: https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/H99c2809d1e454fe1a8f2e5786efb641dX.jpg

H. Handle tie is used to mechanically tie two or more breaker handles together to
assure common tripping.

Circuit Breaker Handle Tie

Phot retrieved from: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/md_
At10uBlI/maxresdefault.jpg and

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com
/images/I/61SPdiXIPXL._AC_SX522_.jpg

I. Conduit hub is used to allow entrance of conduits to rain-proof enclosures.

Photo retrieved from: https://hubbellcdn.com/prodimage300/KIL_F_WH-6_Right_Isometric_300.jpg

Procedures in Installing Load Center or Breaker Panel

1. Before mounting panel, open the desired number and size of knockout holes for the
conduit entry.

2. Install the desired size of conduit connector and tighten snugly.

3. Mount panel board in designated location.

4. Connect one piece of bare ground wire to the ground bar, allowing other end to hang
from bottom of panel. (Note: under actual installation, the lower end of the ground wire
would terminate at the grounding electrode.)
31
5. Strip back one end of each piece of insulated wire approximately 5/8-3/4”.

6. Install one piece of wire through the connector to the neutral bar connector; arrange
the wire neatly to lay back corner of the panel; then insert wire in neutral bar terminal
and tighten snugly. (Note: the neutral conductor should lay in the back corner of the
panel to leave adequate room for the other wires and breakers. It should also be
identified by white or gray tape.)

7. Install the remaining two wires through the connector and insert wires in the main
breaker connectors.

8. Plug the breakers into the panel bus, plug breakers on both right and left side, start at
the top specifications. The main breaker should be placed on the upper most left side of
the panel board. (Note: arrange wire neatly, allowing room for the branch-circuit
conductors.)

9. Install wiring. (Note: extend all wires into the panel far enough to reach the neutral or
ground bar, especially the green wire after arranging it in the back corner of panel down
to the bar.)

10. Tag or mark by numbers each group of wires that goes to a specific breaker.

11. Fold back out of the way all branch circuit wires inside the panel to provide clear
working space inside panel.

12. Trim out panel board.

A. Work in with the green wires one at a time, arranging them against back of panel in
corners and making right angle bends to the ground bar terminals.

B. Cut strip and insert wires into terminals then tighten snugly. (Note: This method
places this group of wires at the back of the panel, out of the way of neutral and
circuit wires. Also, it gives the technician an organized procedure for doing the work
neatly.)

C. Work on with the white neutral wires one at a time, laying the wires near the green
wires in the back spaces and corners of the panel and making bends to the neutral
or ground bar.

D. Cut, strips, and insert wires into terminals, then tighten snugly.

32
E. Work on with the colored circuit wires.

❖ Work on with the wires one at a time to the left two-pole breaker, forming the wire
to lay neatly toward the back and side of panel; make right angle bends to bring
wire horizontally toward proper breaker terminal; make additional right angle
bends to bring wires outward and then into breaker.

***This procedure makes it easy for you to trace wires, there are enough wire lengths
to pull out and check loads with a clamp-on ammeter, and produces a neat,
professional-looking good.

13. Carefully dismantle the assembly and store parts in proper places.

14. Clean work area, and return equipment, tools and materials to proper storage.

33
 OPERATION SHEET 2.1

Installing wire receptacle circuit to a load center

Requirements for circuit breakers of less than 600 volts

Note: Refer to the NEC Article 240

A. Circuit breakers shall be capable of being manually tripped and set.

Note: When used as switches in 120 volt and 277-volt fluorescent lighting circuits,
breakers shall be approved for such switching duty.

B. Circuit breakers shall have a visible “off” and “on” indication.

C. The breaker shall be designed so that any change of its trip point (ampere rating) or
time required for operation will require dismantling or the breaking of a seal.

D. Circuit breakers shall be marked with their ampere rating with durability and visibility
by the removal of a trim or cover.

E. Every circuit breaker, having an interrupting rating other than 5,000 amperes shall
have its interrupting rating shown on the circuit breaker.

Tools, Materials, Equipment

Equipment:
• Portable electric drill - 1-unit Materials:
Materials:
• Load center - 1 set
• Flexible Non-metallic conduit - 5 meters
• Convenience outlet - 3 sets
• Wood screw (assorted sizes) - 20 pcs
• Conduit connector - 7 pcs
• Plastic clamp/straps - 50 pcs
• Wire stranded # 12 (assorted color) - 30 miters
• Utility box - 3 pcs
• Electrical tape - 1 roll Tools:
34
 Tools:
• Steel meter stick/Straight edge - 1 pc
• Try square - 1 pc
• Pull and push rule - 1 pc
• Philips screwdriver - 1 pc
• Flat screwdriver - 1 pc
Personal Protective Equipment:
• Gloves - 1 pair
• Goggles - 1 pc
• Hard hat - 1 pc

Instruction:

When you are ready to perform this task, ask your teacher to observe the
process and to rate your performance using the assessment criteria.

Procedure:

1. Mark and layout boxes according to working drawing. (Note: Be sure to check the
NEC for installation of cable.

35
2. Mount device boxes for ½” sheetrock.

3. Mount load center for flush installation.

4. Drill studs according to the cable layout, PEC and NEC.

5. Route cable through studs, and support properly.

6. Install conduit connector in the bottom of load center and install cable.

CONDUIT HUB/
CONDUIT CONNECTOR

Photo retrieved from: https://www.calix.com/content

/calix/en/site-prod/library-html/enclosures/odc-install/
odc-install/odc100-ig/8402.png

7. Strip cables in the boxes. (Note: be sure that at least 6” of conductor leaves the face
of the box.)

8. In boxes 1 and 2, twist grounds together and install a green wire nut, leaving enough
pigtails to terminate the green for the receptacle grounding terminal.

9. Strip ½‖ of insulation from neutral (white) conductors and twist in a 6” pigtail, then
install a red wire nut over the joint.

10. Terminate all conductors according to how your teacher demonstrated it.
(Note: methods may vary
due to local codes.)

❖ White Neutral Conductor

to White or Silver Terminal

❖ Black Conductor
to Brass or Dark Terminal

❖ Grounding Conductor to
Green or Hex Headed Terminal

Photo retrieved from: https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3U7

mfKDf3w2tT2KSXmsTKyaOXi4=/1400x0/filters:no_upscale()/
cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/19499872/01
_outlet_terms.jpg
36
 11. Install conduit connector at the top of the load center and terminate to 10/3 with
ground as the feeder conductors.

12. Double check to make sure all terminations are tight.

13. Clean work area and return equipment and materials to proper storage.

14. Upon the completion of work, have your teacher evaluate your work.

15. Carefully dismantle the assembly and store parts in proper places.

Assessment Criteria

WORKMANSHIP ALLOTTED POINTS

POINTS EARNED
1.Lighting circuit operation 10
2. Power circuit operation 10
4. 3.Dimension 5
4. Horizontality and verticality 5
5. Fastening of fixtures 5
6. Bends and corner 10
7. Splices and joints 5
8. Wiring termination 5
9. Fastening of fuse 5
10. Techniques 10
11. Speed 10
12. Grounding 5
13. Entries 5
14. Cleanliness of workplace 5
15. Wiring arrangement 5
REMARKS: 100

Teacher ‘s Comments:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

37
 SELF – CHECK 2.1
Direction: Answer the following tests by writing your answers in a separate answer
sheet.
TEST I: Identification
1. Label the parts of the breaker load center illustrated below

A. ___________________________
B. ___________________________
C. ___________________________
D. ___________________________
E. ___________________________

38
TEST – II Matching type
Direction: Match common load center accessories at the right with their uses at the
left. Write the correct letters on the blank.
______ 1. It is used for termination of conductors.

______ 2. Used for locking of cabinet doors to allow entrance of qualified personnel
only
______ 3. It is used for termination of circuit

______ 4. Used for termination of equipment grounding conductors.

______ 5. It is used to lock breakers in the “off” position for equipment maintenance
or servicing

______ 6. Used to lock breakers in the “off” or “on” position.

______ 7. Itis used to mechanically tie two or more breaker handles together to
assure common tripping.

______ 8. Used to fill empty breaker spaces where “breakouts” have been removed.

______ 9. Used to allow entrance of conduits to rain-proof enclosures.

A. Lug B. Flush Locks C. Grounded

(Neutral) Bar

D. Padlock Attachment E. Ground Bar F. Lock Off

39
 G. Conduit Hub H. Closure Plate I. Handle Tie

TEST III: Enumeration

1 – 3. Classifications/types of breakers according to mounting method.
4 - 8. Common panel bus configuration

40
 References

1. Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines Incorporated.

Philippine Electrical Code of 1992.
2. Max B. Fajardo Jr. & Leo R. Fajardo. Electrical Layout and Estimate, 2nd Edition.
3. Azares, Efren F. and Recana, Cirilo B. Practical Electricity III; Adriana Publishing:
1999.
4. Roland E. Palmquist. Audel House Wiring, 7th Edition.
5. http://swww.geocities.com/cindulkar/notes7.html
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker
7. http://www.tpub.com/neets/book3/8i.htm
8. http://www.google.com

41
 Acknowledgement
First Edition 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the agency Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos brand names,
trademarks etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holder. Every effort has been exerted to locate and acknowledge to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and author do not
represent nor claim the ownership over them

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonora Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diodado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Renato C. Gappi, Master Teacher I

Florentino Torres Senior High School
Editor: Ariel D. Tosio, EPS – TLE-TE/VOC
Reviewer/ Validator: Zacarias M Bangayan, PCCAHS, Assistant Principal
Illustrator: Renato C. Gappi, Master Teacher I
Florentino Torres Senior High School,
Layout Artist: Renato C. Gappi, Master Teacher I
Florentino Torres Senior High School

Management Team :
Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, Curriculum Learning Management Division Chief
Dennis M. Mendozza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rodilla, Curriculum Implementation Division, Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and Division ADM Coordinator
42
 Electrical Installation and Maintenance – Rubrics for activity

Performance Indicator Scores

Mastery of (10) (8) (6) (4)
Skill (10%) Demonstrate Missed 1-2steps Missed 3-4 in the Missed all
all steps in the procedure procedure and steps in the
accurately and demonstrate demonstrate trial procedure and
trial and error and error demonstrate
trial and error
Workmanship (10) (8) (6) (4)
(10%) Perform the Perform the Perform the Did not
procedures procedures but procedures perform the
properly. less properly. improperly. procedures.
Speed (10%) (10) (8) (6) (4)
Finished the Finished the time Finished the task Finished the
task earlier exactly with in 5mins later than task 15min
before the the allotted time the allotted time later than the
time allotted allotted time
time
Safety (10%) (10) (8) (6) (4)
Observe all Did not observe Did not observe 2 Did not
safety 1 safety safety precaution observe 3
precaution in precaution in in doing the task safety
doing the task doing the task precaution in
doing the task
TOTAL:

Rating Scale:

Score Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating

40 100% Outstanding
30-39 75-99 Very Satisfactory
20-29 50-74 Satisfactory
10-19 25-49 Fair

43
ASSESSMENT PLAN
Evidence Checklist

Competency standard:
Unit of competency:
Title of Module
Ways in which evidence will be

Portfolio
Demonstration

Written
collected:

Third party Report

Observation

Questioning
The evidence must show that the
candidate …
Learning Outcome 1:
Lay Out and Stall Fuse Panel
1. Tools and materials for
installing fuse panel are selected
in line with the job requirements
2. Fuse panel is installed
according to job requirement.
3. Safety procedures are strictly
followed according to OSHA
standards
4. Electrical conductors on fuse
panel are properly harnessed in
line with established standards
5. Workplace is cleaned upon
completion of the job
Learning Outcome 2:
Lay out and Install Panel board
1. Tools and materials for
installing panel board are selected
in line with the job requirements.
2. Panel board is installed
according to the job requirements.
3. Safety procedures are followed
according to the OHSA standards.
4. Electrical conductors are
properly harnessed in line with
established standards.
44
5. Panel board is knocked out in
line with the job requirements.
6. Workplace is cleaned upon the
completion of the job

Prepared by: Date:

Checked by: Date:

45
Observation Checklist

Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Name of the School:
Competency standards
Unit of competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student on how to install electrical protection system.
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on when it was undertaken.
3. Put a check in the box to show that the student has completed each area of the
activity according to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Complete the feedback section of the form.
Date of observation:
Description of assessment
activity:
Location of assessment activity:
The student can: If completed, check the box
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Did the student’s overall YES NO
performance meet the standard?
Teacher’s Feedback:

Teacher’s signature: Date: 46

Observation and Questioning Checklist

Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Name of the School:
Competency standards
Unit of competency:
Instructions for the
teacher:
1. Observe the student how to install electrical protection system.
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on when it was undertaken.
3. Place a check in the box to show that the student has completed each area of
the activity according to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Ask the student using the questions in the attached list to confirm his/her
underpinning knowledge.
5. Put a check in the box to show that the student has answered the questions
correctly.
6. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of
assessment activity
Location of assessment
activity
The student can: If completed, check the box.
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Did the student’s overall performance YES NO
meet the standard?
Feedback to student:
Teacher signature: Date:

47
Demonstration
Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Unit of competency:
Competency standards:
Date of assessment:
Time of assessment:
Instructions for demonstration:

Given the necessary materials the student must be able to:

Materials and equipment:

During the demonstration, the student to show if the skill is demonstrated

can: Yes No N/A

The student’s demonstration was:

Satisfactory: Not Satisfactory

48
Written report

Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Name of School:
Competency
standards:
Unit of
competency:
Task:
Your task is to:
Submission date:
Use the checklist below as the basis for judging whether the student’s report
meets the required competency standards.
The student’s report can: If completed, check the box.

Generally did the student’s report meet YES NO

the standard?
Comments:

Student’s Date:
signature:
Teacher’s Date:
signature:

49
 PERFORMANCE TEST

Student's Name: Date:

Competency: Test Attempt
1st ____ 2nd ____ 3rd _____

Directions: OVERALL EVALUATION

Level PERFORMANCE LEVEL
Ask your teacher to Achieved
assess your 4 - Can perform this skill without direct
performance in the supervision and with initiative and
following critical task adaptability to problem situations.
and performance criteria 3 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily
below without direct assistance or supervision.
2 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily but
You will be rated based requires some assistance and/or
on the overall evaluation supervision
at the right side. 1 - Can perform parts of this skill
satisfactorily but requires considerable
assistance and/or supervision.
Teacher will put his or her initial at level achieved

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS YES NO N/A

For acceptable achievement, Check YES; for

unacceptable achievement, check NO; and for
unachieved skill, check N/A

50
 ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST 2.1

TEST I: Identification parts of the breaker load center illustrated below

A. Main Breaker Line Lugs
B. Grounded Bar Neutral
C. Main Circuit Breaker
D. Bus Bar
E. Pole Spaces

TEST II: Matching type.

1. G
2. I
3. F
4. E
5. A
6. B
7. H
8. C
9. D

51
 SELF – CHECK 2.1

TEST I: Identification parts of the breaker load center illustrated below

A. Main Breaker Line Lugs
B. Grounded Bar Neutral
C. Main Circuit Breaker
D. Bus Bar
E. Pole Spaces

TEST II: Matching type.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. E
5. F
6. D
7.I
8. H
9. G

TEST II: Enumeration

1. Classifications/types of breakers according to mounting method.
❖ Din rail type mounted circuit breakers
❖ Bolt mounted type circuit breakers
❖ Plug-in type circuit breakers
2. Common panel bus configuration
❖ Main Breaker Single Phase
❖ Main Lug Only (MLO)Single Phase
❖ Split Bus Single Phase
❖ Double Split Bus Single Phase
❖ Three Phase MLO
52