Speaker 1:

You have learned about two skills that can help you improve your oral fluency. Let's now look at how
intonation can also help you with this. In simple terms, intonation refers to how your voice rises or falls
when you speak to convey clearer meaning. Before we study intonation in more detail, we would like to
ask you to try a Re-tell Lecture item. Follow the instructions you'll see in the next slide. You can take
notes as you listen and remember to record your answer, so that you can check how you did later.

Speaker 2:
So, studies show that roads in the United States are overcrowded. Especially in cites on the West coast,
like Los Angeles. I'm sure this does not come as a surprise for you. Um, there are too many cars on the
roads and in particular... at particular times of the day and in particular places, traffic is either very slow
or at a standstill. As you can imagine, this has resulted in a number of effects.

Speaker 2:
Firstly, there is the economic effect reflected in decreased productivity due to all the time wasted on
roads. Figures show that in 2018 alone, an estimated 87 U.S. million dollars was lost in productivity due
to traffic jams.

Speaker 2:
Then, there is the environmental effect. Cars produce a lot of pollution which not only damages the local
environment, but also contributes to, yep, global warming.

Speaker 2:
And most importantly, the effect on people's health. In addition to the poor air quality and the damage
this causes to people's lungs, there is an increased risk of heart disease as a result of being stuck in
traffic each day.

Speaker 1:
Now, listen to Syed's response and consider the following:

Speaker 1:
How did he use intonation for introductory phrases? How did he use intonation between clauses?

Syed:
Um, the lecture is about traffic congestion in the U.S. The lecturer says that there are three main types
of effects of road condition. The first is, um, the economic effect and the example she gave is less
productivity.

Syed:
Then, there is the environmental effect, like pollution which causes global warming.

Syed:
And the final effect is related to people's health and poor air quality can cause lung and heart problems.

Page 1 of 2
Speaker 1:
When we analyse Syed's response, we can see that his oral fluency was effected by a lack of intonation
throughout the ideas. Overall, the summary came across as quite flat and even though he emphasised a
few words, they were not all keywords.

Speaker 1:
Now, why don't you listen to your summary of the lecture and see if your intonation helped you with
the response. Don't worry if you think your intonation was not adequate. In the next step, we'll show
you how you can improve this.

Page 2 of 2