MPYE-001 Logic

Note:

i) Give answer of all five questions.

ii) All five questions carry equal marks.
iii) The answer of questions no. 1 and 2 should be in about 500 words.
iv) If any question has more than one part, attempt all parts.

1. a) What is Boolean algebra? Write a note on AND and OR Boolean Operators.

b) Write an essay on Logical gates, showing their graphical symbols and representation
in Truth table. 10+10= 20

Or
What is dilemma? How we can avoid dilemma? 20

2. What is venn diagram? Proof the validity/invalidity of the following using Venn Diagram
method,
a) Some pens are pencils. Some pencils are blue. Therefore some pens are blue.
b) No scientist is musician. All musicians are poets. Therefore, Some Scientists are
poets.
c) All dogs are animals. Some animals are wild animals. Therefore some dogs are not
wild animals. 5+5+5+5= 20

Or
What is conditional proof method? Write an essay on the significance and the advantage of
conditional proof method. 20

3. Answer any two questions in about 250 words each. (Word limit is only for theory
related questions) 2*10= 20
a) I) What is Quantification Theory? 5+5= 10
II) Apply quantification rules to prove the validity/invalidity of the following syllogistic
arguments.
i) All substances have qualities. All qualities have actions. Therefore, All substances
have actions.
 ii) Some politicians are doctors. All doctors are good orators. Therefore, Some
Politicians are good orators.

b) Write an essay on the square of opposition. 10

c) What is the relation between validity and truth? Explain. 10
d) Write short notes on, i) fallacy of ambiguous middle, ii) converse fallacy of accident. 10

4. Answer any four questions in about 150 words each. (Word limit is only for theory
related questions) 4*5= 20

a) What is dilemma? Give an example of Complex destructive dilemma. 5

b) State the differences between monadic and dyadic models. 5
c) Differentiate between Inductive and deductive reasoning. 5
d) Write an essay on the fallacy of presumption. 5
e) Symbolize the followings using quantifiers. 1+1+1+1+1=1= 5
i) Some artists are scientists.
ii) Some students of ignou are government employee.
iii) All horses are mammals.
iv) Some pencils are blue.
v) No dogs are cats.

f) List out the nine rules of replacement. 5

5. Write short notes on any five in about 100 words. 5*4= 20

a) Connotation 4

b) Conjunction 4

c) Biconditional 4

d) Digital Logic 4

e) Modus Ponens 4

f) Figure 4

g) Fuzzy-genetic Algorithms 4
h) Tautology 4
What is Boolean algebra? Write a note on AND and OR Boolean
Operators.
Boolean algebra is a division of mathematics that deals with operations on logical values and
incorporates binary variables. Boolean algebra traces its origins to an 1854 book by mathematician
George Boole.

The distinguishing factor of Boolean algebra is that it deals only with the study of binary variables.
Most commonly Boolean variables are presented with the possible values of 1 ("true") or 0 ("false").
Variables can also have more complex interpretations, such as in set theory. Boolean algebra is also
known as binary algebra.

Boolean algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with operations on logical values with binary
variables.
The Boolean variables are represented as binary numbers to represent truths: 1 = true and 0 = false.
Elementary algebra deals with numerical operations whereas Boolean algebra deals with logistical
operations.
Boolean algebra utilizes conjunction, disjunction, and negation, as opposed to addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
The primary modern use of Boolean algebra is in computer programming languages.
In finance, Boolean algebra is used in binomial options pricing models, which helps determine when
an option should be exercised.

Boolean algebra is different from elementary algebra as the latter deals with numerical operations
and the former deals with logical operations. Elementary algebra is expressed using basic
mathematical functions, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, whereas Boolean
algebra deals with conjunction, disjunction, and negation.

The concept of Boolean algebra was first introduced by George Boole in his book, The Mathematical
Analysis of Logic, and further expanded upon in his book, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought.
Since its concept has been detailed, Boolean algebra's primary use has been in computer
programming languages. Its mathematical purposes are used in set theory and statistics.

The Boolean operator “OR” is used to express that as long as one of two or more conditions are, met
the value of a specified query is true.
For example, to build an audience which encompasses anyone who enjoys Mexican, Chinese, or
French Cuisine, the following audience definition would apply:
Using the “OR” operator would ensure that anyone who has shown an affinity for at least one of
these cuisines will be included in the audience created.

As a Boolean operator, “AND” serves to indicate that ALL specified conditions must be met in order
for a query to return true.
In the event that a client were building an audience and wanted to target only users who had shown
an affinity for Sports Cars and Fishing and History, the following audience definition would apply.

The “NOT” Boolean operator is used to exclude nodes from an audience definition. As it applies to
the creation of an audience definition, “NOT” will exclude all users falling under the node which has
been prepended by “NOT.”

For example, to create an audience of users over the age of 18 (NOT 13-17 years of age) with a
demonstrated interest in movies, the following audience definition would be used.
Write an essay on Logical gates, showing their graphical symbols
and representation in Truth table.