GRAMMAR ACTIVITY 1-4

GRAMMAR TEST 1-20

GRAMMAR PROGRESS TEST 1-4

GRAMMAR REVISION 1-4

VOCABULARY TEST 1-8

READING TEST 1-12

SKILLS TEST 1-4

CONSOLIDATION TEST 1-2

CONJUCTIONS
1. ANLAMINI – Although= e rağmen
2. Cümle YA DA NOUN / VING

3. FONKSIYONONU ZITLIK / SEBEP , SONUÇ / AMAÇ VS

ZITLIK BAĞLAÇLARI (UNEXPECTED RESULTS AND

CONTRASTING STATEMENTS)
A-
ALTHOUGH ---SENTENCE---------------, ------SENTENCE---------------- E RAĞMEN

THOUGH------ SENTENCE ------------, ----- SENTENCE ----------------- E RAĞMEN

EVEN THOUGH------- SENTENCE -----------, ----- SENTENCE ----------------- E RAĞMEN

MUCH AS ---- SENTENCE --------------, ---- SENTENCE ------------------ E RAĞMEN

----------------------- ALTHOUGH -------------------------

ALTHOUGH HE STUDIED HARD, HE FAILED ALL HIS EXAMS.

ALTHOUGH ------- (+)--------, -------(-)-----------

(-) (+)

*HE STUDIED HARD. HE DIDN’T PASS THE EXAM THOUGH. (BUT)

B-

DESPITE –NOUN / VING----------, --------SENTENCE----------- E RAĞMEN

IN SPITE OF, ---NOUN / VING-----------, ------------------

*FOR ALL –NOUN / VING---------------, ----------------------

*NOTWITHSTANDING ---NOUN / VING----------, -----------------

DESPITE THE BAD WEATHER, THEY DIDN’T CANCEL THEIR MEETING.

IN SPITE OF NOT STUDYING HARD, HE PASSED HIS EXAMS.

*SIFAT YA DA ZARF THOUGH= E RAĞMEN

SIFAT YA DA ZARF AS= THOUGH E RAĞMEN

DIFFICULT THOUGH=DIFFUCLT AS IT SEEMS, JAPANESE IS AN EASY LANGUAGE TO COMPREHEND

COMPREHEND=UNDERSTAND=MAKE OUT=PERCEIVE=GRASP

DEPEND ON= DEPEND UPON

COUNT ON= COUNT Upon

Rely On=rely upon

DESPITE= NOUN / VING

*DESPITE THE FACT THAT= CÜMLE / SENTENCE

TÜM THE FACT THAT YAPILARINDAN SONRA CÜMLE GELIR.

*STILL VARSA --------- ZITLIK BAĞLAÇLARINA GİT.

C-

---CÜMLE-------------.HOWEVER, ---CÜMLE----------------- (AMA, YİNE DE BUNA RAĞMEN)

----------------. NEVERTHELESS, ---------------

---------------- .NONETHELESS, ----------------

-----------------. EVEN SO, ---------------------

------------------, BUT ----------------------------

------------------, YET --------------------------

------------------, STILL, ----------------------

--------------------, ON THE OTHER HAND, -------------------

I STUDIED HARD. HOWEVER, I FAILED.

ALTOUGH I STUDIED HARD, I FAILED.

*HOWEVER+SIFAT YA DA ZARF = NO MATTER HOW / WHAT + SIFAT YA DA ZARF

HOWEVER HARD THE QUESTIONS ARE, I WILL TRY TO DO MY BEST.

NO MATTER HOW HARD THE QUESTIONS ARE, I WILL TRY TO DO MY BEST.

D-

WHILE=WHEREAS ---------------BİRİ ÖYLEYKEN, DİĞERİ BÖYLE

MY BROTHER IS LAZY WHILE/WHEREAS MY SISTER IS HARDWORKING

WHILE=AS=JUST AS ------ İKEN

WHILE I WAS STUDYING, MY BROTHER WAS SLEEPING.

SUSCEPTABLE TO =VULNERABLE HASSAS, SAVUNMASIZ, KOLAY HASTALANIR

E-

ON THE CONTRARY -------- CÜMLE AKSİNE

IN CONTRAST ---------- CÜMLE AKSİNE

CONTRARY TO NOUN CONTRARY TO COMMON BELIEF / POPULAR BELIEF /

CONTRARY TO COMMON EXPECTATION

AS OPPOSED TO NOUN

PURPOSE -------AMAÇ ------- İÇİN

1-

-------------- IN ORDER TO V1 ------------- ------ REDUCE

--------------- SO AS TO V1 ----------------

---------------TO V1 ------------------------

HE WENT TO ANKARA SO AS TO VISIT HIS FAMILY.

SHE WENT TO ENGLAND IN ORDER TO IMPROVE HER ENGLISH.

*SHE WENT TO ENGLAND ------------- IMPROVE HER ENGLISH.

A) DUE TO B) DESPITE C- ALTHOUGH D. SO AS TO

2.

-------CÜMLE------------ SO THAT ---CÜMLE---------------------

BU CÜMLELER ARASINDA TENSE UYUMU OLMALI.

SO THAT DEN ÖNCEKİ CÜMLE PRESENT SA SONRAKİ CÜMLEDE GENELLİKLE PRESENT MODALLAR
OLUR.( CAN / MAY / WILL)

SO THAT DEN ÖNCEKİ CÜMLE PAST TENSE SO THAT DEN SONRAKİ CÜMLE DE GENELLİKLE PAST
MODALLAR OLUR. (COULD / MIGHT/ WOULD)

---------------------IN ORDER THAT=SO THAT ------------------

HE WENT TO ANKARA SO THAT HE COULD VISIT HIS FAMILY.

HE IS GOING TO ENGLAND SO THAT HE WILL BE ABLE TO IMPROVE HER ENGLISH.

SEBEP-SONUÇ BAĞLAÇLARI

A-

AS ------------------- SEBEP İÇİN AS I WAS TIRED, I SLEPT EARLY.

SINCE CÜMLE, CÜMLE, CÜMLE

BECAUSE

INASMUCH AS

SEEING THAT

SEEING AS

*NOW THAT ------ PAST TENSELER KULLANILMAZ. GENELLİKLE PRESENT PERFECT YA DA SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE KULLANILIR.

*IN THAT ---------- KENDİNDEN ÖNCE GELEN CÜMLEYİ AÇIKLAR ----------- ŞÖYLE Kİ –

CÜMLE BAŞINDA KULLANILMAZ.

*FOR -------------- CÜMLE BAŞINDA KULLANILMAZ. İKİ CÜMLE ARASINDA KULLANILIR. FOR DAN
SONRA SEBEP CÜMLESİ GELİR.

I SLEPT EARLY,FOR I WAS TIRED.

B.

BECAUSE OF --------- YÜZÜNDEN, DEN DOLAYI , NOUN / VING

DUE TO

OWING TO

ON ACCOUNT OF

IN VIEW OF

ON GROUNDS OF

DUE TO THE FACT THAT--------------- CÜMLE SENTENCE

BECAUSE OF THE BAD WEATHER, WE HAD TO DELAY OUR TRIP.

DUE TO SLEEPING LATE, SHE WAS LATE FOR WORK.

ON GROUNDS OF ------- YÜZÜNDEN SEBEBİYLE

C- SEBEP- SONUÇ BAĞLAÇLAR ------------------- BU YÜZDEN, SONUÇ OLARAK

-----------------.THEREFORE,-----------------

--------------------- .CONSEQUENTLY, --------------------

------------------ . AS A RESULT, -----------------------

, SO --------------------------

, AS A CONSEQUENCE

, ACCORDINGLY

, THAT’S WHY, ------------------

* , HENCE, -------------------------

*, THUS,-------VING--------------------

*, THEREBY -----VING---------------

PARALEL İFADELER -----------------------------------İLAVATEN EK OLARAK

---------+-----------. MOREOVER,------+-------------,

---------------------. FURTHERMORE,-----------------

---------------------.IN ADDITION -------------------

---------------------.BESIDES,-----------------------
IN ADDITON TO ------------- NOUN/ VING ------------------ CÜMLE BAŞINDA DA KULLANILABİLİR.

BESIDES ----------------------- CÜMLE GELİRSE İKİ CÜMLE ARASINDA KULLANILIR.

BESIDES ------------------- NOUN VING KULLANILABİLİR. CÜMLE BAŞINDA DA İKİ CÜMLE ARASINDA DA
KULLANILABİLİR.

İKİLİ BAĞLAÇLAR

BOTH ----- AND -------- HER İKİSİ DE

NEITHER ----- NOR -------- NE O NE DİĞERİ (İKİSİDE DEĞİL)

EITHER -------- OR --------- YA O YA DİĞERİ

NOT ONLY ------- BUT ALSO ------ SADECE O DEĞİL, AYNI ZAMAN DA BU (HER İKİSİ DE)

● BOTH AND DEN SONRA HER ZAMAN ÇOĞUL FİİL KULLANILIR.

● DİĞERLERİNDEN SONRA HEM TEKİL, HEM DE ÇOĞUL FİİL KULLANILABİLİR.
İKİNCİ TARAFTAKİ İSMİN ÇOĞUL YA DA TEKİL OLMASINA BAĞLI.

BOTH ALİ AND MEHMET LIKE ICE-CREAM.

NOT ONLY THE STUDENT BUT ALSO THE TEACHERS LIKE ICE-CREAM.
NOT ONLY THE STUDENTS BUT ALSO THE TEACHER LIKES ICE CREAM.

* NOT ONLY BUT ALSO YAPISINDA ALSO YERİNE AS WELL KULLANABİLİRİM. AMA AS WELL HER
ZAMAN CÜMLENİN SONUNDA KULLANILMALI.

NO SOONER -------------------- THAN --------------------- AS SOON AS

HARDLY ----------------------- WHEN

SCARLEY -----------------WHEN

BARELY ------------------- WHEN

● CÜMLEYE BU İFADELERLE BAŞLANIRSA CÜMLE INVERSION-DEVRİK CÜMLE OLUR.

*NO SOONER HAD HE LEFT HOME, IT STARTED TO RAIN.

GERUND-INFINITIVE

-----------

GERUND INFINITIVE –MUTLAKA AMAÇ BİLDİRMELİ

VING TO V1

BEING V3 PRESENT PASSIVE TO BE V3 PRESENT

HAVING V3 TO HAVE V3

HAVING BEEN V3 ---- PAST VE PASSIVE TO HAVE BEEN V3 --- PAST VE PASSIVE
PAST IFADELERIN KULLANILABİLMESİ İÇİN ANA FİİLDEN ÖNCE KULLANILMALARI GEREKİR.

●
● 1. GERUND / INFINITIVE
● 2. ACTIVE PASSIVE
● 3. PRESENT / PAST