Abdon, Pietro Ian P.

SEPTEMBER 20, 2021

ME142L-B39

HOME EXPERIMENT 4: HP145 COMPACT RECIPROCATING PUMP TEST SET

ABSTRACT

Pumps are one of the foremost imperative gadget within the industry particularly the
responding pumps which is more fitting for little stream rates at tall weight as compared to
centrifugal pumps. In this test, understudies watched and decided the execution
characteristics of a responding pump in a settled speed working condition. Understudies
utilized the connections of the distinctive parameters such as add up to head, stream rate,
and power yield at a given steady volume. The most objective of this test is to decide the
operational characteristics of the pump and create characteristics bends of a single pump.

INTRODUCTION

Reciprocating Pump is one of the sorts of the positive uprooting pump that changes over

mechanical vitality into water powered vitality and it works with a cylinder that's moving

forward and in reverse heading. The cylinder is associated to the crankshaft with the

assistance of interfacing bar. With the crankshaft associated to the engine, the development

of the cylinder influences the development of the interfacing pole due to the motion of the

crankshaft. Furthermore, responding pump features a suction pipe that sucks the fluid from

the source into the cylinder, a conveyance pipe that transports the liquid to the required outlet

area, barrel that's where the liquid takes put due to the liquid suction and discharge, strainer

that avoids the entrance of solids from water source into the barrel, and discuss vessel that

disposes of the frictional head and gives uniform discharge rate. Besides, responding pumps

are by and large outlined to pump in moo stream with a tall head application, it is additionally

one of the foremost demonstrated types of pump that is used in the industry due to its

durability and high efficacy with a percentage of 90%.

OBJECTIVES

The main objective of the experiment is to study the performance characteristics of a

reciprocating pump and specifically the following:

• To determine relationship of the flow rate and head at a fixed speed from reciprocating
pump.
• To differentiate the reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump.
• To learn the working principle of reciprocating pump and applied it on the experiment.
• To show the computed values in a form of chart.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

• HP145 Compact Reciprocating Pump Test Set.

• Power Supply.
• Stop-watch.

BEFORE RUNNING THE TEST

1. Fill water into the storage tank, up to nearly full level (approx. 5-10 cm from the top).
Antirust liquid such as used for the automobile should be added to the water to prevent
rust.
2. Close the pump discharge valve.
3. Check all pressure gauges of both inlet and outlet sides whether the readings arc at
"0" or not. If any needle pointer is not at "0", open the corresponding pressure release
valve to release the pressure and then close the valve. The pressure reading now
should be "0".

BEGIN THE TEST

1. Turn on ELCB&CB. The pump now will start running.

2. Slowly open the discharge valve to full.
3. Record the following data.
a. Suction pressure, P1
 b. Discharge pressure, P2
c. Flow volume
d. Time period

Note: For accuracy in measurement of time and flow volume, timing should be
started when the meter needle is pointing at "0" position and stopped at "0" position
also: no matter how many turns but the timing should be at least I minute.

4. Slightly close the discharge valve to further increase the outlet pressure at an
increment of 0.5 kg/cm2 and repeat step 3.
5. Repeat step 4 until a maximum pressure is reached (i.e. valve is fully closed).
6. Plot a graph of flow rate vs. pressure with flow rate on the x-axis and pressure
difference on the y-axis.

AFTER THE TEST

• Turn off ELCB&CB.

EFFECT OF PULSE CHAMBER

Without the pulse chamber, the pointer of the pressure gauge will swing back and forth
significantly such that it is almost impossible to read the correct pressure. The pulse chamber
will help reduce the pointer swing. In addition, the oil pressure gauge is also required.

Figure 1. HP 145 Compact Reciprocating Pump Test Set

(Retrived from https://www.essom.com/product/details/15/109)

SAFETY MEASURES

To protect the safety of the researcher while doing the experiment, the researchers must
be aware of the following safety precautions:

• Wear appropriate clothes or safety equipment.

• Always check the tools and equipment to ensure the safety of everyone before

conducting the experiment.

• Always wait and listen to the instructor’s/professor’s guide and rules on or before doing

the experiment.

• Do not leave until all the equipment are clean.

• Refrain from doing other activities besides the experiment that should be done from

that time/day only.

DATA AND RESULTS

Below are some of the formulas used in solving the other parameters to determine the
total head, flow rate, and output power of the given values.

𝒑𝟐 − 𝒑𝟏
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒅 =
𝜸

Where:

𝑝1 = 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 < 𝑁/𝑚2 >

𝑝2 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 < 𝑁/𝑚2 >

𝛾 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 < 𝑁/𝑚3 >

 𝑽
𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 =
𝒕

Where:

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 < 𝑚3 >

𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 < 𝑠 >

𝑾𝒐 = 𝑸(𝒑𝟐 − 𝒑𝟏)

Where:

𝑊𝑜 = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 < 𝑘𝑊 >

𝑄 = 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑚3/𝑠)

𝑝1 = 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 < 𝑁/𝑚2 >

𝑝2 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 < 𝑁/𝑚2 >

Pressure, kg/cm^2 Head Flow Rate Output

(m) Power (kW)
Discharge Suction Difference Volume Time Flow Rate (m^3/s)
0 -0.04 0.04 0.4 20 38.6 0.0005181 2.03
0.5 -0.04 0.54 5.4 20 39.6 0.0005051 26.75
1 -0.04 1.04 10.4 20 40.3 0.0004963 50.63
1.5 -0.04 1.54 15.4 20 41.2 0.0004854 73.34
2 -0.03 2.03 20.3 20 41.6 0.0004808 95.74
2.5 -0.03 2.53 25.3 20 46.3 0.0004320 107.21
3 -0.03 3.03 30.3 20 52.6 0.0003802 113.02
3.5 -0.03 3.53 35.3 20 90.3 0.0002215 76.70

Table 1. Values for Reciprocating Pump at fixed speed

 Head vs. Flow rate
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0.0000000 0.0001000 0.0002000 0.0003000 0.0004000 0.0005000 0.0006000
3
Flow rate (m/s)

Figure 2. Reciprocating Pump performance characteristic curve

HEAD VS. FLOW RATE

30

25

20

15

10

0
0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
Flow rate (m3/s)

Figure 3. Centrifugal Pump performance characteristic curve ANALYSIS

Based from the tables over, the comes about from understanding the whole energetic head,
stream rate, and yield power of the responding pump is organized within the table 1. The
values of responding pump at settled speed condition is decided on this explore with a
consistent volume of 20 liters and recorded it to the table 1. The most elevated yield control
on the table 1 is 113.02kW at time of 52.6 seconds with a stream rate of 0.0003802m3/s,
volume of 20 liters, suction of -0.03 kg/cm2, and 3.03 kg/cm2 of release. Whereas the least
yield control on the table 1 is 2.03kW at time of 38.6 seconds with a stream rate of
0.0005181m3/s, volume of 20 liters, suction of -0.04 kg/cm2, and 0.04 kg/cm2 of release, The
values of each yield control changes on parameters such as add up to energetic head and
stream rate. Aside from that, to encourage analyze the execution of the pump that shifts in a
given condition, the understudy created a pump characteristic bend.

ACCURACY

In this experiment there are potential sources of errors or things that could affect the
accuracy in this experiment.

• Human error such as miscalculation or misreading of the measured values and results.
• Temperature of the fluid since that the specific weight has the relationship to the
density.
• Damage equipment or any leakages on pipe and also, uncalibrated gauges
tools/equipment, can mess with the precision of the result.

CONCLUSION

After comparing and analyzing the table and figure, the understudy conclude that the
responding pump and the centrifugal pump are have contrast, aside from their working
highlights, application where within the centrifugal pumps utilized impellers to transport liquids
and responding pumps utilized cylinder to move liquids, is that the centrifugal pump
ceaselessly release liquids, not at all like responding pumps that are irregular. Besides,
centrifugal pump’s stream rate depends on the weight, on the off chance that there's an
increment in weight, the flowrate diminishes and which is really different to the responding
pump where within the pressure doesn’t influence the stream rate of the pump. Too, within
the centrifugal pump release is conversely corresponding to the consistency of liquid whereas
on the responding pump consistency of liquid does not influence the release rate.
RECOMMENDATION

It is imperative that the instruments and hardware must be in great condition in arrange
to have an exact information. Continuously check the gear some time recently utilizing it
additionally whereas setting up guarantee that the channels has no spills and guarantee that
the other tools/equipment are working legitimately so that when conducting the experiment
starts there's a slight chance to induce an wrong data. Aside from that, cleanliness is
additionally critical matter since in the event that there's a mess it may cause mischance, so
make beyond any doubt that the working environment is continuously be cleaned.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Figure 4. Shadoof

(Retrived from https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/7/9/5031/htm)

Figure 5. The Hydraulis

 (Retrived from https://www.greecehighdefinition.com/inventions)

In the ancient history, pumps working principle are first invented and adapted by the
Egyptian in 2000 B.C. where in the “shadoof” is used to raise water. It uses a long suspended rod
with a rope that is tied to the bucket and a weight at the one end of rod. However, in 200 BC the
Greek inventor and mathematician Ctesibius invented an instrument called “the hydraulis” a water
organ and it is an air pump with valves on the bottom. This instrument has a row of pipes on top
and tank of water in between them. That invention is the principal design that is now known as
the reciprocating pump.

REFERENCES

• https://mechanicalboost.com/reciprocating-pump/
• https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/reciprocating-pump-
componentsworking-uses/2914/
• https://whatispiping.com/reciprocating-pump/
• https://powerzone.com/resources/glossary/reciprocating-pump
• https://www.pumpsandsystems.com/history-pumps-through-years