Steam power Plant (Visit Report)

Submitted To:
Mr.Muhammad Sajjad Hussain
Submitted By:
M.Umair Zafar (Reg. No. 41)

U.E.T Lahore (Main Campus)

 Steam power plant
A steam power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is
heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it
passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was
heated, this is known as Rankine Cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power
stations is due to the different fuel sources, like Crude oil, coal and natural gas.
Steam Power Station Faisalabad comprises of two steam turbines coupled with generators
each of 66 MW capacity.
Steam generation is carried out with the help of twin fire water tube boilers. Two types of fuel are
used here for combustion.
1) Crude Oil 2) Natural Gas
Operation of a steam power plant is shown below

Faisalabad Steam Power Plant Genrators:

Steam power station Faisalabad contain two identical electrical generators responsible for power
generation both have installed capacity of 66MW other features of these generators is given below

Specifications:
Generating voltage:11kv (3 phase)
 Output Frequency: 50Hz
No. of Poles: 2
Speed of Rotation: 3000 rpm
Exciter type: AC generators with rotating rectifier
Type of Poles: cylindrical Poles
Generator Cooling: Hydrogen Cooled
Exciter Cooling: Air Cooled

Observed Values:
Unit name Output Output Power Output Exciter Exciter
voltage current factor power voltage current

SPS1 11KV 3700A 0.75 30MW 200 V 800A

SPS2 11KV 5100A 0.72 40MW 226V 908A

Synchronous Generators:
Synchronous generators are used for electrical power generation because they offer precise control
of voltage, frequency, VARs and WATTs. This control is achieved through the use of voltage
regulators and governors. A synchronous machine consists of a stationary armature winding
(stator) with many wires connected in series or parallel to obtain the desired terminal voltage.

The armature winding is placed into a slotted laminated steel core. A synchronous machine also
consists of a revolving DC field - the rotor. A mutual flux developed across the air gap between the
rotor and stator causes the interaction necessary to produce an EMF. As the magnetic flux
developed by the DCfield poles crosses the air gap of the stator windings, a sinusoidal voltage is
developed at the generator output terminals. This process is called electromagnetic induction.

The magnitude of the AC voltage generated is controlledby the amount of DC exciting current
supplied to the field.If “FIXED” excitation were applied, the voltagemagnitude would be
controlled by the speed of therotor, however, this would necessitate achanging frequency!
Since the frequency component of the power system isto be held constant, solid state voltage
regulators orstatic exciters are commonly used to control the fieldcurrent and thereby accurately
control generator terminal voltage.The frequency of the voltage developed by thegenerator
depends on the speed of the rotor and thenumber of field poles.

As indicated by expression
f = RPM x p / 120
Weighting House Generators:
No. of Poles=2, n = 3000 RPM f=50HZ

Generator Cooling System:

Depending upon rating and design, the generator stator, core and windings may be cooled by air,
oil, hydrogen. For direct cooled generators, the coolant is indirect contact with the heat producing
members such as the stator winding. For indirect cooled generators, the coolant cools the generator
by relying on heat transfer through the insulation.For any generator, a failure of the cooling system
can result in rapid deterioration of the stator core lamination insulation and/or stator winding
conductors and insulation.
Steam power station Faisalabad electric generators are hydrogen cooled and hydrogen
pressure for different values of load is given below

Hydrogen Pressure Load value(KVA) Power factor Load (A)

0.5 PSI 68000 0.85 3569
15 PSI 78200 0.85 4105
30 PSI 85000 0.85 4462

Exciter:
The exciter is the "backbone" of the generator control system. It is the power source that supplies
the dc magnetizing current to the field windings of asynchronous generator thereby ultimately
inducing acvoltage and current in the generator armature.
Two basic kinds of exciters
 Rotating (Brush and brushless)
 Static exciters (Shunt and series)
The amount of excitation required to maintain theoutput voltage constant is a function of the
generator load. As the generator load increases, the amount of excitation increases.
 Reactive lagging power factor loads require more excitation than unity power factor loads
 Leading power factor loads require less excitation than unity power factor loads.
Valves Control:
Valves are controlled by air pneumatic control system and it has only one Force Draft Fan (FD
Fan).

Other Features:
It has 6 KV water circulating pumps in each unit. Its boiler capacity 6,00,000 pounds per hour and
its boiler has 8 burners. Boiler is front fired tube boiler.

Efficiency:
Faisalabad steam power plant has 28 percent efficiency.