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English Lecture -15

Contents
Tag Questions
So....such
Know and know how
Enough

Run on Sentence

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 TAG QUESTIONS
Question tags are the short questions that we put on the end of sentences to invite a response from the
listener:
 You’re a teacher, aren’t you?
 She can’t play, can she?
Positive/negative Tag
If the main part of the sentence is positive, the question tag is negative
 He’s a teacher, isn’t he?
 You live in Dhaka, don’t you?
If the main part of the sentence is negative, the question tag is positive.
 He isn’t a teacher, is he?
 You don’t live in Dhaka, do you?
Tag Subject
Samiul he
Rupa she
(any, some, every, no)----body/one they
(any, some, every, no)----thing it
All it
All + plural noun they
1+2+3 We
2+3 You
3+3 they
Allah/God He
 Jamil teaches English, doesn’t he?
 Rupa plays cricket, doesn’t she?
 Allah can save me, can’t He?
 She and he play cricket, don’t they?
Without auxiliary verbs
 I said that, didn’t I?
 You don’t recognize me, do you?
 She eats meat, doesn’t she?
 I’m the fastest, aren’t I?
With auxiliary verbs
 They’ve played, haven’t they?
 They weren’t playing, were they?
 He had gone, hadn’t he?
With modals
 They couldn’t hear me, could they?
 You won’t tell anyone, will you?
Ambiguous verbs.
 He’d go there, wouldn’t he?
 He’d gone there, hadn’t he?
With imperative sentence
“will you” & “won’t you” are often used.
 Go there, will you/ won’t you ?
 Don’t smoke, will you?
After Let’s + Verb use Tag question “shall we”
 Let’s go for a picnic, shall we?

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 With Negative Words like: never, hardly, rarely, barely, scarcely, seldom, few, little, nobody, no one,
nothing, neither, nowhere, none etc.
 There's little we can do about it, is there?
 It's hardly rained at all this summer, has it?
 I have a few friends, don’t I?
 He wants a little water, doesn’t he?
N.B: A few/ A little means some. So it is a positive sense.
We use “They” to refer to nobody, somebody, everyone, etc., and we use “It” to refer to everything,
nothing, something etc..
 Somebody wanted a drink, didn’t they?
 Something is better than nothing, isn't it?
 Neither of them was coming, were they?
 Everybody loves his/her child, don't they?
With, together with, along with, as well as, accompanied by, in addition to
 He as well as I is here, isn’t he?
 The man with his friends played here, didn’t he?
Not only…..but also; either…….or; neither………nor
 Not only Samiul but also I am here, am I?
 Either she or her friends will come, won’t they?
 Neither I nor you are here, are you?
Proverb
 An empty vessel sounds much, isn’t it/doesn’t it?
 All that glitters is not gold, is it?
To express Wish
 Happy birthday, don’t I?
Various types of words
 Sorry, aren’t I?
 Messy, isn’t it?
Long Live
 Long live our president, mayn’t he?
Or, May our president live long, mayn’t he?
When a clause is sub
 What she has is not enough, is it?
When there is a subordinated clause, ignore it
 If you play, I will play, won’t I?
 I will play if you play, won’t I?
When that is a subordinated clause marker, take it into account
 I know that she is beautiful, isn’t she?

Class Practice: 01
1. The tag for 'You broke the machine ?” is-
A. haven't you B. hadn't you C. did you D. didn't you
2. For the boys the task was easy, ____
A. weren't they? B. didn't they? C. isn't it? D. wasn't it?
3. She often visits her home town, ––––?
A. hasn't she B. don't she C. doesn't she D. has she

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 4. You forgot my birthday, ––––?
A. haven't you B. didn't you C. aren't you D. wouldn't you?
5. He always lags behind, ––––?
A. won't he B. can't he C. didn't he D. doesn't he

SO/SUCH
We often use ‘so’ and ‘such’ to mean ‘very’ or ‘really’. It makes the sentence stronger and shows that
there is a high level of something.
Use ‘so’ before an adjective or adverb (without a noun).
 She was so beautiful.
 He ran so quickly.
 The food was so delicious.
 The children spoke French so well.
Use ‘such’ before a noun or an adjective + a noun. If there is ‘a’ or ‘an’, it goes after ‘such’.
 She was such a beautiful woman (= she was a very beautiful woman).
NOT: ‘she was a so beautiful woman’.
NOT: ‘she was a such beautiful woman’.
 He got such a good time in the race.
 It was such delicious food.
 The children spoke such good French.
When ‘such’ is directly used with a noun, it’s often a noun that shows our opinion.
 He’s such a genius! (= he’s a real genius / he’s very clever).
 You’re such a teacher! (= you act in a typical way for a teacher).
Don’t use words like ‘this’ or ‘those’ or ‘your’ or ‘his’ before ‘so’ and ‘such’. ‘So’ and ‘such’ come
directly after the verb.
 Incorrect: This so beautiful city.
Correct: This city is so beautiful
 Incorrect: Your so helpful friend.
Correct: Your friend is so helpful
Use ‘so … that …’ and ‘such … that …’ to show that there is a certain result.
 It was so cold that the pond froze
 She felt so tired that she fell asleep on the train
 It was such an expensive meal that he didn’t spend any money for the rest of the month
 They have such a lot of books that they need to store some of them in the garage
‘That’ can be omitted when ‘so’ and ‘such’ are used in this way:
 It was so cold the pond froze.
 She felt so tired she fell asleep on the train.
 It was such an expensive meal he didn’t spend any money for the rest of the month.
 They have such a lot of books they need to store some of them in the garage.
Use ‘so’ and ‘such’ to mean ‘to this level’ or ‘as … as this’.
 He isn’t usually so late.
 I don’t often drink such a lot of coffee.
Use ‘so’ before ‘much / many / little / few’ with and without a noun. This shows that the amount is
really a lot or really little. As usual, we use a plural noun after ‘many’ and ‘few’ and an uncountable
noun after ‘much’ and ‘little’.
 I ate so much.
 I ate so much cake.
 He had so many.
 He had so many books.
 Why did you eat so little?
 He had so few friends that he was very lonely.

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 Use ‘such’ before ‘a lot (of)’. Again, such comes before ‘a’. (We sometimes see ‘such a little + noun’
but that is when ‘little’ is just a normal adjective: ‘this is such a little flat’.)
 He has such a lot of books.
 I ate such a lot of cake.
Here are a few more idiomatic uses of ‘such’ and ‘so’ that are slightly different.
Such + noun = a certain type or kind of (this is quite formal)
 I’d never heard such music before. (= I’d never heard this kind of music before)
No such + noun = the noun doesn’t exist
 Ghosts? There’s no such thing!
As such (formal). We usually use this in the negative (‘not as such’)
 We’re not going to have dinner as such, but there will be plenty of snacks. (= we’re not going to
have a normal dinner, but …)
 John: Is Lucy your boss now? Jane: Not as such (= not exactly) but she does work for the same
company.
Such as = for example / like
 A: We should get a film for tonight. B: Such as? (= please give an example of a film)
 Cities such as London are becoming more powerful politically (= cities like London ...).
And such / and so on = and more similar things
 He likes winter sports – snowboarding and skiing and such.
 He likes winter sports – snowboarding and skiing and so on.
So = a certain amount / size
 It was so big (= it was the size I’m showing you with my hands).
 There’s only so much time (there’s only a certain amount of time).
So = something that has already been said
 A: Is dinner ready? B: I hope so (= I hope that dinner is ready)
 Is that so? (= is that right?)
Or so = approximately
 I think there were fifty people or so at the party (= I think there were approximately fifty people at
the party).

SO AND SUCH IN A NUTSHELL

So or Such Example
So + adjective The music is so loud.
The speed of the car was so slow that we could not reach in time.
So + adverb She spends so quickly.
He spoke so quickly that we could not understand anything.
So + many/few + There are so many students.
plural noun There are so few member that the meeting could not be held
So + much/little + There is so little water in the pond.
uncount noun There was so much milk that we could not drink.
So + He talks so much.
much/little/rarely/often Comet falls so often.
Such + adjective + This is such a big house.
noun She has a beautiful handwriting that she gets better marks
Such + a/an + noun He is such a genius
Such + (type of) noun I have never heard such criticism
Such + a little / a few Such a little while ago I came to this table with the thought of winning a
hundred rubles
Susan has such a few friends that she spends almost all of her time
So + adjective + a/an He is so good a boy. (= He is such a good boy)
+noun Mr. Johnson was so brave a soldier. (=Mr. Johnson was such a brave soldier.)

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 Class Practice 02
1. They were __________ happy that they started dancing.
2. He speaks Chinese __________ well!
3. Julie is __________ a good writer.
4. She swims __________ quickly!
5. It was __________ late we missed the last train.
6. They have __________ a big house that I got lost!
7. She has __________ a sweet puppy.
8. That was __________ an interesting book.
9. The weather was __________ hot I stayed inside.
10. He’s __________ a teenager!
11. He was __________ handsome.
12. It was __________ a beautiful day that we took a picnic to the park.

USE OF KNOW, KNOW HOW, KNOW HOW TO

Be careful at using these above expressions and specially please look at their grammar use.
For Example:
Incorrect: they didn’t know to prepare a cake.
Correct: they didn’t know how to prepare a cake.
Incorrect: we don’t know how about his effort in this matter.
Correct: we don’t know about his effort in this matter.

Shortcuts-
Know + something/someone
Know + how + clause
Know + how + to + Vo

Class Practice 3: Make the following sentences correct

1. The president did not know to escape from the jungle.
2. A man never knows how to he can enjoy his whole life in his own way without any hesitation.
3. A clever scientist knows how the procedure of making the best use of science in negative issues.
4. Our faculties certainly know to control the chaos in examination hall.
5. The farmers really knows very well how to he can produce more with a little land.

Class Practice 4: Know/Know how

1. The fourth graders ———— to multiply.
2. How many people here ———— to ski?
3. We ——— about Mary's engagement to James.
4. The chemistry students ——— the formula for salt.
5. Although he has been driving for fifteen years, he doesn't ———— to change a tire properly.
6. Leon ———— that his friends would react to his proposition.
7. Nobody ———— to get to the turnpike yesterday.

Use of Enough:
Enough is a word that is used before a noun and after adjective & adverb to intensify the meaning of
noun/adjective/adverb. When used before noun, it works as an adjective and when used after adjective/adverb,
it works as an adverb.
For Example:

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 Incorrect: What they have brought to us is enough tasty.
Correct: What they have brought to us is tasty enough.
Incorrect: I do not have money enough to support my family.
Correct: I do not have enough money to support my family.

Class Practice 05:

1. They have had information enough to support the cause which is an initiative of young minds in order
to help the people who are living below the poverty line.
2. Sophisticated mobile companies are working enough smartly to bring the state of the art technology in
their mobile phones.
3. These economists from the eastern part of the world are enough well-equipped compared to their
western counterparts.
4. Since paper enough has been bought, we don’t require to buy anymore.
5. These sophomores from the African Universities are collecting enough quickly the results they need.

RUN ON SENTENCE
A run-on is a grammar mistake in which two or more independent clauses are put together in the same
sentence without using appropriate punctuation or a connecting word.
Incorrect:Sunil bought a car last week Jamal bought one too.
Correct:Sunil bought a car last week and Jamal bought one too.

Run-ons can be corrected by using connecting words, such as coordinating conjunctions and subordinating
conjunctions, as well as by using appropriate punctuation.

Rule 01: Connecting Words: Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet.
Use this pattern:
independent clause comma [,] coordinating conjunction independent clause
Use and to indicate the addition of the second independent clause.
 Sunil bought a car last week, and Linda bought one, too.
 Ambassador Ciano doesn't speak Portuguese, and neither does the FSO.
Use but or yet to indicate contrast between two independent clauses.
 Canada is in North America, but Brazil is in South America.
 The new Ambassador is young, yet she has a lot of experience.
Use or to indicate a choice or alternative between two independent clauses.
 I could meet you at your office, or you could pick me up at my apartment.
Use nor to join two negative independent clauses.
 Juan will not take the train to Florida, nor will he fly.
Note: Because nor indicates "negative and," do not use a negative word in the second independent clause.
Use for to indicate that the second independent clause is the cause of the first.

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  Today's meeting will be short, for we all have a lot of work to do.
Use so to indicate that the second independent clause is the result of the first.
 We all have a lot of work to do, so today's meeting will be short.

Rule 02: Connecting Words: Subordinating Conjunctions

Common subordinating conjunctions are after, although, because, before, if, once, since, though, unless, until, when,
and while.
Use the following patterns:
independent clause subordinating conjunction dependent clause
or
subordinating conjunction dependent clause comma independent clause
Use after, before, once, until, when and while to indicate time relationships.
 After the mechanics in the motor-pool fixed the car, we never had another problem with it.
 Makiko phoned me before I had a chance to reply to her email.
 Once the Ambassador finishes her meeting, we can go to lunch.
 We will wait at the entrance until the driver arrives.
 When the President visits, everyone will sing the national anthem.
 Emile can fill out the forms while Jean-Paul speaks with the FSO.
Use because and since to indicate reason.
 Since Mariem is only fourteen, she can't legally drive in the United States.
 Raul and Rafael were late for their appointment because the bus broke down on the way to the
Embassy.
Use if to indicate cause and effect.
 If we can finish our work by three o'clock, the Ambassador will let us go home early today.
Use unless to indicate negative cause and effect.
 Unless we finish this paperwork today, we'll have to come in over the weekend to take care of it.
Use though, although and even though to indicate "in spite of".
 Although Robert speaks seven languages fluently, he has never left the United States.
 The guard decided to retire even though his supervisor asked him to stay for one more year.
Rule 3: Punctuation: Semicolon
A semicolon is used to join two independent clauses that are very closely connected in topic. Use the
following pattern:
independent clause semicolon independent clause
Remember that the two independent clauses must be very closely connected in topic to be joined
with a semicolon.
Incorrect: The service at the restaurant was horrible; after dinner, we went to the movies.
Correct : The service at the restaurant was horrible; we waited almost an hour to place our order with
the waiter.
Rule 4: Comma Splices
One common problem is caused by using a comma to join two independent clauses. This error is called a
comma splice. A comma can be used to join two independent clauses only when it is used with a coordinating
conjunction or a subordinating conjunction. A comma can never be used by itself to join two independent
clauses in American English.

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  Incorrect: The Ambassador has a lot of work to do today, she probably won't be finished until after
8pm.
Correct (with coordinating conjunction):
The Ambassador has a lot of work to do today, so she probably won't be finished until after 8pm.
Correct (with subordinating conjunction):
Since the Ambassador has a lot of work to do today, she probably won't be finished until after 8pm.
Correct (with semicolon):
The Ambassador has a lot of work to do today; she probably won't be finished until after 8pm.
High Frequency Wordlist
781 veracious habitually speaking the truth
782 verbose using or containing too many words
783 vertigo a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall
784 vexation anger produced by some annoying irritation
785 viable capable of life or normal growth and development
786 vindictive disposed to seek revenge or intended for revenge
787 virtuoso someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
788 visage the human face
789 viscous having a relatively high resistance to flow
790 vitiate make imperfect
791 vituperative marked by harshly abusive criticism
792 vivisection the act of operating on living animals
793 vogue a current state of general acceptance and use
794 volatile liable to lead to sudden change or violence
795 vortex a powerful circular current of water
796 warrant formal and explicit approval
797 wary marked by keen caution and watchful prudence
798 welter a confused multitude of things
799 whimsical determined by chance or impulse rather than by necessity
800 whimsy an odd or fanciful or capricious idea
801 wistful showing pensive sadness
802 zealot a fervent and even militant proponent of something
803 zealotry fanatical devotion to a cause, belief, or idea
804 de existing, whether with lawful authority or not
805 deviant a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable
806 defer yield to another's wish or opinion
807 platonic free from physical desire
808 discern detect with the senses
application of biological principles to the study and design of
809 bionics engineering systems (especially electronic systems)
810 heuristic a commonsense rule to help solve some problem
811 equitable fair to all parties as dictated by reason and conscience
812 guile shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in
813 reductionism terms of their components
814 inertia the tendency of something to stay in rest or motion
815 pathos a quality that arouses emotions, especially pity or sorrow
816 pedant a person who pays too much attention to formal rules

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 Manhattan Prep 1000 GRE Words: Definitions
901 Surly Bad-tempered, hostile, unfriendly, or rude
902 Surmise Guess, infer, think, or make an opinion with incomplete information
903 Surrogate Substitute, person who acts for another (noun); acting as a replacement (adj)
904 Sybarite Person devoted to pleasure and luxury
905 Sycophant Servile flatterer, parasitic person who fawns in order to get ahead
906 Symbiosis Mutually dependent relationship between two organisms, people, groups, etc.
907 Synchronous Happening at the same time; occurring at the same rate and thus happening
together repeatedly
908 Synoptic Relating to a synopsis or summary; giving a general view
909 Syntax The rules governing grammar and how words join to make sentences (or how
words and symbols join in writing computer code), the study of these rules, or
any system or orderly arrangement
910 Table Lay aside to discuss later, often as a way to postpone discussion indefinitely
911 Tacit Understood without being said; implied, not stated directly; silent
912 Taciturn Not talking much, reserved; silent, holding back in conversation
913 Tangential Only slightly relevant, going off-topic
914 Tawdry Gaudy, cheap or cheap-looking; indecent
915 Temperance Moderation, self-control, esp. regarding alcohol or other desires or pleasures;
total abstinence from alcohol
916 Tendentious Marked by a strong point of view, biased
917 Tenuous Long and thin, slender; flimsy, having little substance
918 Terrestrial Relating to the Earth or to land; worldly
919 Terse Concise, brief and to the point (sometimes to the point of rudeness)
920 Timely Well-timed, happening at a suitable time
921 Timorous Fearful, timid
922 Tirade Bitter, abusive criticism or verbal attack
923 Toady Someone who flatters or acts in a servile manner for self-serving reasons
924 Token Sign, symbol, mark, badge; souvenir, memento; coin-like disk used as currency
for subways, arcade games, etc.; sample, or person, thing, idea taken to
represent an entire group (noun); of very little or merely symbolic value (adj)
925 Tome Large or scholarly book; one of the volumes in a set of several books
926 Torpor Sluggishness, lethargy, or apathy; a period of inactivity
927 Torrid Very hot, parching, burning; passionate
928 Tortuous Twisting, winding, complex; devious, not straightforward
929 Tractable Easily controlled or managed, docile; easily shaped or molded
930 Transgression Violation of a law, moral rule, order, etc.; sin
931 Transitory Temporary, short-lived, not lasting
932 Travesty Exaggerated, debased, or grotesque imitation
933 Treacherous Betraying trust, not faithful or trustworthy; not dependable; dangerous or
deceptive
934 Trenchant forceful or vigorous, effective, keen; caustic, sharp
935 Trifling Trivial, not very important; so small as to be unimportant; frivolous, shallow
936 Trite Lacking freshness and originality, lacking effectiveness due to overuse, cliché
937 Truculent Fierce, cruel, savage; belligerent
938 Tumultuous Riotous, violently agitated, marked by disturbance or uproar; noisy, chaotic
939 Turgid Swollen, inflated; or, metaphorically "inflated," such as in overblown, pompous
speech
940 Turpitude Depravity, baseness of character, corrupt or depraved acts

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 941 Tyro Beginner
942 Ubiquitous Existing everywhere at the same time
943 Umbrage Offense or annoyance (usually as take umbrage, meaning become offended or
annoyed)
944 Unconscionable Not guided by conscience; morally wrong, unjust, unreasonable
945 Undermine Weaken, cause to collapse by digging away at the foundation (of a building or
an argument); injure or attack in a secretive or underhanded way
946 Underscore Emphasize (or, literally, to underline text)
947 Unearth Dig up, uncover, expose
948 Unequivocal Unambiguous, clear, absolute; having only one possible meaning
949 Unprecedented Never before known or seen, without having happened previously
950 Unseemly Improper, inappropriate, against the rules of taste or politeness
951 Unsparing Generous, lavish (as in not sparing any help or gifts to others); unmerciful,
harsh (as in not sparing any criticism)
952 Untempered Not toned down; not moderated, controlled, or counterbalanced
953 Upbraid Find fault with, criticize or scold severely
954 Usury Charging interest on a loan, esp. charging illegally high or excessive interest
955 Vacillate Waver in one's mind or opinions, be indecisive
956 Vanguard Leading units at the front of an army; leaders in a trend or movement, people on
the "cutting edge"; the forefront of a trend or movement
957 Variegated Varied in color, having multicolored patches or spots; diverse
958 Venerate Revere, regard with deep respect and awe
959 Veracity Truthfulness, accuracy; habitual adherence to the truth
960 Verbose Wordy
961 Verdant Green, such as with vegetation, plants, grass, etc.; young and inexperienced
962 Verisimilar Having the appearance of truth, probable
963 Vernal Relating to the spring; fresh, youthful
964 Vestige Trace or sign of something that once existed
965 Vex annoy or bother; puzzle or distress
966 Via Through, by means of, by way of (by a route that goes through or touches)
967 Viable Capable of living (or growing, developing, etc.); practical, workable
968 Vicissitude Changes or variations over time, esp. regular changes from one thing to another
969 Vim Pep, enthusiasm, vitality, lively spirit
970 Vintage Related to items of high quality from a previous era, old-fashioned, antique
(adj); the wine of a particular year (noun)
971 Virtual Existing only in the mind or by means of a computer network; existing in
results or in essence but not officially or in name
972 Virulent Extremely infectious, poisonous, etc.; hateful, bitterly hostile
973 viscid or viscous Thick, adhesive, or covered in something sticky
974 Vitriol Something highly caustic, such as criticism (literally, one of a number of
chemicals including sulfuric acid)
975 Vituperate Verbally abuse, rebuke or criticize harshly
976 Vociferous Noisily crying out, as in protest
977 Volatile Varying, inconstant, fleeting; tending to violence, explosive
978 Voluble Easily fluent in regards to speech
979 Wan Unnaturally pale, or showing some other indication of sickness, unhappiness,
etc.; weak, lacking forcefulness
980 Wanton Reckless, vicious, without regard for what is right; unjustifiable, deliberately
done for no reason at all; sexually unrestrained or excessively luxurious
981 Warranted Justified, authorized (warrant can mean to justify or a justification, but can also
mean to vouch for or guarantee)

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 982 Wary Watchful, motivated by caution, on guard against danger
983 Welter Confused mass or pile, jumble; confusion or turmoil (noun); roll around,
wallow, toss about, writhe (verb)
984 Whereas While on the contrary, considering that
985 Whet Stimulate, make keen or eager (esp. of an appetite)
986 Whimsical Marked or motivated by whims (odd, fanciful ideas); erratic, unpredictable
987 Whitewash A substance used to whiten walls, wood, etc. (noun); deception, covering up of
wrongs, errors, misdeeds, etc. (verb)
988 Wily Crafty, cunning, characterized by tricks or artifice
989 Winnow Sift, analyze critically, separate the useful part from the worthless part
990 Winsome Charming, engaging, esp. in a sweet and innocent way
991 Wizened Withered, shriveled
992 Xenophobia Fear or hatred of foreigners or that which is foreign
993 Yoke A burden or something that oppresses; a frame for attaching animals (such as
oxen) to each other and to a plow or other equipment to be pulled, or a bar
across a person's shoulders to help carry buckets of water, etc. (noun); to unite
together or to burden (verb)
994 Zeal Great fervor or enthusiasm for a cause, person, etc.; tireless diligence in
furthering that cause; passion, ardor
995 Zenith High point, culmination

SAT Vocab from Barron’s SAT

97. As a sportscaster, Co sell was apparently never ----; he made ---- comments about every boxing
match he covered.
(A) excited...hysterical (B) relevant...pertinent
(C) satisfied...disparaging (D) amazed...awe-struck
(E) impressed...laudatory

98. The patient bore the pain ----, neither wincing nor whimpering when the incision was made.
(A) histrionically (B) stoically (C) sardonically
(D) poorly (E) marginally

99. While the 1940s are most noted for the development of black modern dance, they are also --
because they were the last gasp for tap dancing.
(A) irrelevant (B) unfounded (C) significant
(D) speculative (E) contemporary

100. For those who admire realism, Louis Malle’s recent film succeeds because it consciously ---- the
stuff of legend and tells ---- story as it might actually unfold with fallible people in earthly time.
(A) rejects...a derivative (B) anticipates...an antiquated
(C) shuns...an unembellished (D) emulates...an ethereal
(E) exaggerates...a mythic

101. No matter how ---- the revelations of the coming years may be, they will be hard put to match
those of the past decade, which have ---- transformed our view of the emergence of Mayan
civilization.
(A) minor...dramatically (B) profound...negligibly
(C) striking...radically (D) bizarre...nominally
(E) questionable...possibly

102. People who take mega doses of vitamins and minerals should take care: though beneficial in
small quantities, in large amounts these substances may have ---- effects.

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 (A) admirable (B) redundant (C) intangible
(D) toxic (E) minor

103. There is nothing ---- or provisional about Moore’s early critical pronouncements; she deals ----
with what were then radical new developments in poetry.
(A) tentative...confidently (B) positive...expertly
(C) dogmatic...arbitrarily (D) shallow...superficially
(E) imprecise...inconclusively

104. Despite the team members’ resentment of the new coach’s training rules, they ---- them as long
as he did not ---- them too strictly.
(A) embraced...follow (B) condemned...formulate
(C) questioned...interpret (D) challenged...implement
(E) tolerated...apply

SAT Question
1. The body heat of reptiles and amphibians is not regulated by internal thermostats, therefore, they raise or
lower their own temperature in that they seek or flee warmth, sometimes merely by moving into or out of
direct sunlight.
A. thermostats, therefore, they raise or lower their own temperature in that they seek or flee
B. thermostats, therefore raising or lowering their own temperature by seeking or fleeing
C. thermostats, therefore, in raising or lowering their own temperature by seeking or fleeing
D. thermostats; therefore, they raise or lower their own temperature by seeking or fleeing
E. thermostats; therefore, they raise or lower their own temperature in that they seek or flee

2. Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, many businesses remained open on Christmas, and so
many people doing their Christmas shopping on Christmas Day that commercial streets in New York City and
Philadelphia often were nearly impassable.
A. Christmas, and so many people doing
B. Christmas, and many people doing
C. Christmas, with many people doing
D. Christmas; many people did
E. Christmas; so many people did

3. The students found fieldwork in the state forest more exciting and dangerous than any of them
had anticipated, having to be rescued by helicopter during a fire.
A. anticipated, having to be
B. anticipated; when they had to be
C. anticipated; they had to be
D. anticipated; among which was their
E. anticipated, and so they had been

4. I do not blame Leslie for her anger yesterday, being it was her plan and she should have credit for it.
A. yesterday, being it was her plan and she should have credit for it
B. yesterday, being that she should have credit for it when it was her plan
C. yesterday when it was her plan, for which they should give her credit for it
D. yesterday; since she should receive credit, it being her plan
E. yesterday: it was her plan, and she should have received credit for it

5. Tickets are available at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance.
A. at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance
B. at the box office; they can be picked up one hour before the performance
C. one hour before the performance, they can be picked up at the box office

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 D. and that can be picked up at the box office one hour before the performance
E. at the box office, one hour before the performance is when they can be picked up

6. The Pony Express was an ingenious system for carrying mail; it was in existence only briefly,
however, before the telegraph system made it obsolete.
A. mail; it was in existence only briefly, however,
B. mail, for it was in existence only briefly, however,
C. mail; however, existing only briefly
D. mail, having existed only briefly
E. mail, but was existing only briefly

7. By far the best-known work of poet Emma Lazarus is the sonnet "New Colossus," it was chosen to be the
inscription for the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty in 1886.
A. it was chosen to be
B. choosing it to be
C. which they chose for
D. which was chosen as
E. they chose it as

8. The Incas kept records with knotted cords called quipus, historians believe they were used to document crop
production and to aid in tax collection.
A. historians believe they were used
B. historians believing in its use
C. which historians believe they use
D. which historians believe were used
E. and historians believe it was used

9. While females were not allowed to compete in the Olympic games of ancient Greece; they were not even
allowed to watch them.
A. While females were not allowed
B. Even though females were not allowed
C. Females were not allowed
D. They did not allow females
E. With females, they were not allowed

10. In 1977, JannWenner, the founder of Rolling Stone, moved the magazine's offices from San Francisco to
New York City, there he began developing a slicker, more commercial style of magazine and began cultivating
relationships with major advertisers.
A. there
B. then
C. where
D. so
E. which is when

11. This basic document is stating the liberties guaranteed to the English people, the Magna Carta, signed in
1215 by England's King John, proclaims rights that have formed the foundation of the constitutions of every
English-speaking nation.
A. This basic document is stating
B. This basic document states
C. A basic document, it states
D. A basic document that states
E. A basic document, it stated

12. My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other person at the fair; and he has the blue ribbons to
prove it.

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 A. My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other person at the fair; and he
B. My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other person at the fair, and he
C. My grandson thinks he can cook better than any person at the fair, consequently he
D. To think he can cook better than any other person at the fair, my grandson
E. Thinking he can cook better than any other person at the fair, my grandson

13. At graduation, the speaker assured us that our many courses in the liberal arts had prepared us equally well
for the challenges of working and further study.
A. had prepared us equally well for the challenges of working and further study
B. had prepared us equally well for the challenges of work and of further study
C. has supplied the preparation for challenging work along with further study
D. leaves us prepared for the challenges of work and further study both
E. were the preparation for making the challenges of work or further study easier

14. Modern bluegrass songs, telling of love and despair and celebrating mountain beauty, reflect the genre's
rural origins.
A. Modern bluegrass songs, telling of love and despair and celebrating mountain beauty,
B. Modern bluegrass songs through their telling of love and despair and celebrating mountain beauty,
C. Because modern bluegrass songs tell of love and despair and also celebrating mountain beauty, they
D. With modern bluegrass songs that tell of love and despair and celebrate mountain beauty, they
E. Telling of love and despair, modern bluegrass songs celebrating mountain beauty, and they also

15. The fruit fly is often used to study genetic mechanisms, because it reproduces rapidly scientists can observe
the effects of experiments on several generations.
A. mechanisms, because it reproduces rapidly
B. mechanisms, since it reproduces rapidly,
C. mechanisms, since, with its rapid reproduction,
D. mechanisms; because it reproduces rapidly,
E. mechanisms; then rapid reproduction allows

Barron’s SAT Question

1. In the Middle Ages, a lord’s intricate wall hangings were more than mere tapestries they were a measure of
his consequence and wealth.
(A) mere tapestries they were a measure
(B) merely tapestries they were a measure
(C) mere tapestries and were a measure
(D) mere tapestries; they were a measure
(E) mere tapestries, while they were a measure

2. Asthma is caused by narrowing and clogging of the small tubes called bronchi, they carry air in and out of the lungs.
(A) tubes called bronchi, they carry air
(B) tubes that are called bronchi, they carry air
(C) tubes called bronchi that carry air
(D) tubes which are called bronchi, and they carry air
(E) tubes called bronchi; as they carry air

3. E. B. White once said that dissecting humor was like dissecting a frog: nobody is much interested, and the frog dies.
(A) humor was like dissecting a frog: nobody is much interested, and the frog dies
(B) humor was like the dissection of a frog: nobody has much interest in it because the frog dies
(C) humor, like dissecting a frog, was of hardly no interest to anybody, and then the frog dies
(D) humor was like dissecting a frog, and that nobody was much interested, and the frog dies
(E) humor is similar to the experience of dissecting a frog in that nobody is greatly interested, and the frog dies

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 4. Shakespeare wrote many plays, they are now being presented on public television.
(A) Shakespeare wrote many plays, they are now being presented on public television.
(B) Shakespeare wrote many plays, and they have been presented on public television.
(C) Shakespeare wrote many plays, which public television has now presented.
(D) The many plays of Shakespeare have now been presented on public television.
(E) Shakespeare wrote many plays; they are now being presented on public television.

5. In years past, teenagers typically passed notes to their friends in class rather than electronic instant messages
today.
(A) class rather than electronic instant messages today
(B) class, but today it is electronic instant messages
(C) class; today they send electronic instant messages
(D) class instead of electronic instant messages today
(E) class; instead, teenagers today sending instant messages electronically

6. Life on Earth has taken a tremendous range of forms, but all species arise from the same molecular
ingredients, these ingredients limit the chemical reactions that can occur within cells and so constrain what life
can do.
(A) ingredients, these ingredients limit the chemical reactions that can occur within cells
(B) ingredients, these are ingredients that limit the chemical reactions that can occur within cells
(C) ingredients, these ingredients limit the chemical reactions that could occur within cells
(D) ingredients, which limit the chemical reactions that can occur within cells
(E) ingredients; but these ingredients limit the chemical reactions that can occur within cells

7. Visitors to Yosemite National Park encounter a landscape of great ruggedness and majesty and the
landscape has inspired many photographers, above all Ansel Adams.
(A) majesty and the landscape has
(B) majesty, the reason being that the landscape has
(C) majesty, but the landscape has
(D) majesty, a landscape that has
(E) majesty, it has

8. Acupuncture has been widely used for years to ease chronic pain conditions, studies have repeatedly
endorsed its usefulness.
(A) Acupuncture has been widely used for years to ease chronic pain conditions, studies
(B) Although acupuncture having been been widely used for years to ease chronic pain
conditions, studies
(C) Acupuncture has been widely used for years to ease chronic pain conditions, and studies
(D) Due to the fact that acupuncture has been widely used for years to ease chronic pain
conditions, studies
(E) Because acupuncture has been widely used for years to ease chronic pain conditions is the
reason why studies

9. Attempting to maximize the income-producing potential of her pension plan by investing a

substantial amount in so-called junk bonds.
(A) Attempting to maximize the income-producing potential of her pension plan by investing
a substantial amount
(B) Attempting to maximize the income-producing potential of her pension plan by
substantially investing an amount
(C) She made an attempt to produce the maximum potentiality in income out of her pension
plan and she invested a substantial amount
(D) In an attempt to produce the maximum income-producing potential from her pension plan
by investing a substantial amount

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 (E) She attempted to maximize the income producing potential of her pension plan by
investing a substantial amount

10. There is a great deal of practical advice on antiques that readers may find useful in the mystery novels of
Jonathan Gash.
(A) There is a great deal of practical advice on antiques that readers may find useful in the
mystery novels of Jonathan Gash.
(B) There are great deals of practical advice regarding antiques that readers may find useful in
Jonathan Gash’s mystery novels.
(C) Readers may find useful the great deal of practical advice on antiques in Jonathan Gash’s
mystery novels.
(D) A great deal of practical and useful advice on antiques are offered to readers by Jonathan
Gash in his mystery novels.
(E) In his mystery novels, Jonathan Gash offers readers a great deal of practical advice on
antiques.

11. Helen is a trained veterinarian, and she has a specialization in the treatment of feline diseases.
(A) Helen is a trained veterinarian, and she has a specialization in the treatment of feline
diseases.
(B) Helen is a trained veterinarian, moreover, she has a specialization in the treatment of feline
diseases.
(C) Helen, a trained veterinarian, she has a specialization in treating feline diseases.
(D) As a trained veterinarian, Helen has got a specialization in how she should treat feline
diseases.
(E) A trained veterinarian, Helen specializes in treating feline diseases.

12. The movie’s unlikely happy ending came to pass as the result of an incredulous series of lucky accidents.
(A) came to pass as the result of an incredulous series
(B) came past as the result of an incredulous series
(C) came about through an incredulous series
(D) resulted from an incredulous series
(E) resulted from an incredible series

13. The fierce competition for grades among premed students is because of wanting to be accepted by a top
medical school.
(A) is because of wanting to be accepted by a top medical school
(B) is because of a desire to be accepted by a top medical school
(C) stems out of wanting to be accepted by a top medical school
(D) stems from the desire to be accepted by a top medical school
(E) is because of the desire for acceptance at a top medical school

14. An egotist is when a person thinks the entire universe revolves around him or her.
(A) An egotist is when a person thinks the entire universe revolves around him or her.
(B) Egotists think the entire universe revolves around them.
(C) An egotist is when a person thinks the entire universe is revolving around them.
(D) An egotist is a person which thinks the entire universe revolves around him or her.
(E) An egotistical person thinks the entire universe revolves around himself or herself.

15. Studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of keeping pets, many senior housing centers are adopting strays
from local humane societies.

Learn Today Lead Tomorrow 17

 (A) Studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of keeping pets, many
(B) Though studies demonstrate the beneficial effects from keeping pets, many
(C) Because studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of keeping pets, many
(D) Studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of keeping pets, and many
(E) Studies demonstrate that there are beneficial effects from keeping pets, therefore many

16. Many of us attempt to rewrite our personal stories to present ourselves in the best light; indeed, there is an
almost universal inclination to this.
(A) there is an almost universal inclination to this
(B) our inclination for it is almost universal
(C) our having this inclination is an almost universal condition
(D) we are almost universally inclined to do so
(E) doing so is almost universal as an inclination within us

Written

Critical/Argumentative Writing

The advancement in technology over the years has done little to advance the cause of humanity. The
world has seen more and more sophisticated weapons of mass destruction thanks to the so called
technological advancement. Human beings have become increasingly mechanized and indifferent to
the sufferings of fellow human beings.
Discuss how well reasoned you find the above point of view. State your opinion in detail. State
clearly whether you agree or disagree with the argument. Be sure to include reasons, explanations,
examples to support your way of thinking. (IBA MBA: 2009 Intake)

Descriptive Writing

Write an essay on “50 years of independence of Bangladesh”. (IBA MBA: 2020 Intake)

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 ANSWERS

Answer to Class Practice: 01: 1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6.

Answer to Class practice 02

1. so, 2. So, 3. Such, 4. so, 5. so, 6. such, 7. such, 8. such, 9. so, 10. such, 11. so, 12. such,
Answer Keys Class Practice 03:
1. Know how to escape, 2. Knows how he can 3. Knows the procedure 4. Know how to control
5. Knows very well how to produce
Answer key Class Practice 04:
1. know how, 2. know how, 3. Know, 4. Know, 5. know how, 6. Knew, 7. knew how

Answer to Class practice 05

1. Enough information, 2. Smartly enough, 3. Well-equipped enough, 4. Enough paper, 5. Quickly enough

SAT Vocab from Barron’s SATAnswer Sheet:

97 C 98 B 99 C 100 C
101 C 102 D 103 A 104 E

SAT Question Answer Sheet:

1 D 2 E 3 C 4 E 5 B
6 A 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 C
11 D 12 B 13 B 14 A 15 D

Barron’s SAT Question Answer Sheet:

1 D 2 B 3 A 4 E 5 C 6 D
7 D 8 C 9 E 10 E 11 E 12 E
13 D 14 B 15 C 16 D

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