Class 11 Maths Worksheet Logarithms www.AhaGuru.

com
WS19.M11.06 Balaji Sampath
2019-20
Properties of Exponents and Logarithms
Exponents:
Let a and b be real numbers and m and n be integers.

( ) am
n
(1) aman = am+n (3) ( ab ) = ambm = a m−n , a  0
m
(2) a m = a mn (4)
n
a
m 1
a am 1
(5)   = , b0 (6) a −m = , a0 (7) a n = n a (8) a0 = 1, a  0
b bm am
m
( )
n m
(9) an = am = n a

Logarithms:

Definition: y = loga x if and only if x = a y , where a  0 . In other words, logarithms are exponents.

I. For x  0 , y  0 , a  0 and a  1 the following hold good.

(1) loga ( xy ) = loga x + loga y

 x
(2) log a   = log a x − log a y
 y
( )
(3) log a x n = n log a x

1 m
(4) log a n y = log a y (5) log an x m = log a x (6) loga a = 1
n n

(7) loga 1 = 0 (8) If loga M = loga N , then M = N

1 logb x log x
II. Base change rule: (1) log y x = log z x log y z (2) log y x = (3) log a x = =
log x y logb a log a

y
III. (1) aloga x = x (2) alogb x = xlogb a (3) loga x = b  x = ab (4) log x/ y a=
a x

Evaluate or simplify the following:

 1  1
1. log8 128 2. log 6   3. log 27   4. log343 ( 49)
 216   81 
−15
1 3
5. log2 2 325 4 6. log 2 2 7. log0.001 ( 0.0001) 8. log a a 2
256

 a3  3
ab −1c −2
9. log  5 2  10. log  a −2b  ab −3 
3
11. log
c b    1
 
( −1 −2 −4 6
a b c )
 −2 −3  −1 5 
 bc b c 
12. log     2 −3   13. 10log100 9 14. ( log7 5)( log3 7 ) ( log2 27 ) ( log5 2)
b c 
−4 3 b c 

    

1
15. 4log3 + 2log 27 9
3
( ) (
16. log 4 2 5 8 − log8 3 0.25 )
 16   25   81 
17. 7 log   + 5log   + 3log  
5  24   80 
Class 11 Maths Worksheet www.AhaGuru.com
WS19.M11.06 Balaji Sampath

18. log3 4 729 3 9−1 ·27 −4/3

1 1
19. Which is greater log 1 or log 1
7 5
5 7
20. Solve for x :

 1 
(i) log 7 − x + log 2 = log ( x − 2) (ii) 5 log 2 ( x ) + 3log 2  =6
3
 x
1
( )
1 − log x 4 1
(iii) log 2 x − 6 x = 3 + log 2 (1 − x )
2
(iv) x 3 =
3 100

14
(vi) ( log 3 x ) + log 3 x + 1 = 0
2 2
(v) log 2 x + log 4 x + log16 x =
4
−1 10
(vii) x log10 8 − x log10 5 = 2 ( log 2 10 )
2
−x (viii) log 8 x =
3
(ix) loge 2log x 625 = log10 16 loge 10

21. Solve the pair of logarithmic equations:

( ) ( )
8 log 2 log 3
(i) log9 x + log y 8 = 2 and log x 9 + log8 y = (ii) 2 x = 3y and 3log x = 2log y
3
(iii) log2 ( 3x + 4) = 1 + log2 y and 2log2 y = 3log2 x

22. (i) Given log2 3 = 1.58 , find log16 81

(ii) Given log3 = 0.477 , find log ( 2.7)  (0.81)

3 4/5
 ( 90 )
5/4

(iii) Given log10 2 = 0.301 , log10 3 = 0.477 and log10 7 = 0.845 , find log10 (1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10)

23. If a = log2 3 , b = log2 5 and c = log7 2 , then log140 63 in terms of a , b , c is

Miscellaneous:

24. Given: log 2 = 0.301 , log 7 = 0.845 , find the number of digits in 87516 .

log x log y log z

25. If = = , find xyz .
a + b − 2c b + c − 2a c + a − 2b
1 1
26. If ( 2007 ) = ( 2.007 ) = 1000 , find
x y
− .
x y

27. Find the least integer ‘ n ’ such that 7n  105 given that log10 343 = 2.5353

28. If log 3 = 0.4771 , log 7 = 0.8450 solve 31+ x = 7 x /2

log a log b log c

29. If = = , then find aa . bb . cc
b −c c −a a −b