DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.

2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

Module 3
TRANSFORMER RATINGS

Introduction

The Power transformer is a one kind of transformer, that is used to transfer electrical
energy in any part of the electrical or electronic circuit between the generator and the
distribution primary circuits. These transformers are used in distribution systems to interface
step up and step-down voltages. The common type of power transformer is liquid immersed, and
the life span of these transformers is around 30 years. Power transformers can be classified into
three types based on the ranges. They are small power transformers, medium power
transformers and large power transformers. The distribution transformer is used for the
distribution of electrical energy at low voltage as less than 33KV in industrial purpose and 440v-
220v in domestic purpose. It works at low efficiency at 50-70%, small size, easy in installation,
having low magnetic losses & it is not always fully loaded.
DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.
2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

PROCEDURE:

Power Transformers
1. Used for transmission and receiving purposes
2. Step-up and step-down application (400KV, 200 KV, 110 KV, 66 KV, 33KV)
3. Generally rated above 200MVA
4. Has one primary and one secondary and one input and one output.
5. Performance is usually judged from commercial efficiency.
6. Operate at nearly Full load.
7. The rating is many times greater than distribution transformer.
8. Flux density is higher than the distribution transformer
9. Primary winding is always connected in Star and secondary winding in Delta.
Distribution Transformers
1. Used only for distribution purposes
2. Pole mounted and installed in the location of the city to provide utilization voltage at the
consumer terminals.
3. Used for lower voltage distribution network as a means to end user connectivity (11KV,
6.6KV, 3.3KV, 440V, 230V) and are generally rated less than 200 MVA.
4. May have one primary and one divided or tapped secondary or two or more secondaries.
5. Performance is judged from all day efficiency.
6. Operates at light loads during major parts of the day.
7. Primary winding is connected in Delta and secondary winding is connected in Star.
DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.
2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

8. THINGS TO DO:
a) In the transformer’s nameplate, show the computation that Rated power=100kVA.

VOLTS: Primary Voltage – 11,000V

Secondary Voltage – 415V
AMPERES: Primary Current – 5.25 A
Secondary Current – 139.1 A
Computation:
P = √3 x V x I
P = √3 Vx I (Primary voltage x primary current)
P = √3 x 11000V x 5.25A = 1.732 x 11000V x 5.25A = 100,025 VA = 100kVA
Or
P = √3 x V x I (Secondary voltages x Secondary Current)
P= √3 x 415V x 139.1A = 1.732 x 415V x 139.1A= 99,985 VA = 99.98kVA
DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.
2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

b) What must be done to maintain a uniform 415V secondary in any locations (Manila, San Juan,
Pasig, Cainta and Taytay)? Knowing that the primary line voltage drops because of line losses due
to long transmission lines (Let’s say from Manila to San Juan the line voltage drops from 11550
volts to 11275 volts).

Transformer Sizing and Selection

To maintain a uniform 415V secondary we must know the proper transformer sizing and selection.
To avoid certain losses, increasing distribution transformer capacity during peak by one size will often
result in lower total peak power dissipation-more so if it is over loaded and also improved manufacturing
of steel cores and introducing amorphous metals (such as metallic glass) have reduced core losses.

Balancing Three Phase Loads

Balancing of three phase loads can reduce losses significantly. It can be done relatively easily on
overhead networks and consequently offers considerable scope for cost effective loss reduction.
DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.
2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

Switching off Transformers

One method of reducing fixed losses is to switch off transformers in periods of low demand. If
two transformers of a certain size are required at a substation during peak periods, only one might be
required during times of low demand so that the other transformer might be switched off in order to
reduce fixed losses.

c) Determine Va, Vb, Vc, Vd and Ve.

Computation:
For Va
Vg
=a
Va
11,000 1
=
Va 20
Va = 11,000(20)

Va = 220 KV
DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.
2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

For Vb
In Delta connection VL = Vph and IL = √3Iph
Va
=a
Vb
220,000 10
=
Vb 3
220,000(3) 10Vb
=
10 1
Vb = 66 KV
For Vc
Vb
=a
Vc
66,000
=6
Vc
66,000
= Vc
6
Vc = 11 KV

For Vd

In Delta – Wye use phase voltages.

(Vc)ph
=a
(Vd)ph
11,000 1,100
=
(Vd)ph 23

11,000(23) = 1,100Vdph

Vd = 230 V
For Ve

In Wye Connection VL = √3Vph

VL = (√3)(230V)

VL = Ve = 398.37 V
DUMAGUIN, MIKE DEXTER G.
2019-101289
FACMA42L-ELEP08
9:00 am – 11:00 am T-F

To sum it up I have taken in the contrasts between power transformer and appropriation
transformer. Regardless of their disparities, they are both required in the framework for the
power to be conveyed appropriately in a specific territory. Misfortunes are regular components
in dissemination of influence considering the specific reasons: extensive dispersion lines, lacking
size of conductors of conveyance lines, establishment of circulation transformers from load
focuses and low influence factor of essential and optional appropriation framework.