9

9
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 6:
Similarity of Figures
Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Similarity of Figures
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module is prepared so that you, our dear learners,

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are clearly stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lessons prepared
for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons

in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main test, Notes to the teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. illustrate similarity of figures (M9GE-IIIg-1).

What I Know

Directions: Identify the letter that corresponds to your answer. Use a

separate paper for your answers.

1. Which of the following statement is always true about similar polygons?

A. The corresponding angles are proportional.
B. The corresponding sides are congruent.
C. The corresponding sides are proportional.
D. The corresponding sides have equal lengths.

2. Determine the scale factor of the pair of similar polygons below.

𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
A. B. C. D.
𝟐 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

1
3. What will be the value of x that will make the pair of triangles below
similar to each other?

A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 20

𝟐
4. The scale factor of two similar triangles is . What is the ratio of their
𝟓
perimeters?
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟒
A. B. C. D.
𝟓 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐𝟓

5. If the scale factor of two pentagons is 4:1, find the ratio of their areas.
A. 1:5 B. 4:1 C. 1:25 D. 16:1

2
 Lesson
Similarity of Figures
1
In the previous module, you were able to be more acquainted with ratio
and proportion which is very essential in learning our new lesson. Now, in
this module, we will focus on the similarity of figures. As you study it, you are
encouraged to answer the following questions:
1. How can we say that two given polygons are similar to each other?
2. How scale factor is related to other dimensions of similar polygons?

In addition, this module will help you solve problems related to the
similarity of figures.

What’s In

Ratio is used to compare two or more quantities.

Proportion is the equality of two ratios. In symbols,
𝑎 𝑐
= 𝑑 or 𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑
𝑏
Each number in a proportion is called a term. In
the proportion 𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑, the terms a and d are called
the extremes while the terms b and c are called the
means.

Fundamental Rule of Proportion:

In a proportion, the product of the means is
equal to the product of the extremes.

3
Directions: Solve the following proportions by applying the
fundamental rule of proportion. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

5 10
1. =
9 𝑚
10 𝑠
2. =3
6
4 8
3. =
9 2𝑟
𝑏−6 8
4. =2
8
𝑛+5 8
5. =6
7

What’s New

Quadrilateral 𝑄𝑅𝑆𝑇 corresponds to quadrilateral 𝐽𝐾𝐿𝑀 . Each side of

quadrilateral 𝑄𝑅𝑆𝑇 is k times the corresponding side of quadrilateral 𝐽𝐾𝐿𝑀.
Take an intensive observation on their shapes, sizes and their corresponding
angles.

Guide Questions:

1. What do you observe about the shape of the two quadrilaterals?

2. What can you say about the lengths of their sides?
3. What do you notice about their corresponding angles?

To know the relationships that exist between the pair of polygons above,
let us study Similarity of Figures!

4
 What Is It

SIMILARITY

Two polygons are similar if their vertices can be paired so that:

• corresponding angles are congruent; and
• corresponding sides are proportional.

Similar polygons have the same shape but different sizes. To

denote similarity of polygons, the symbol ~, which is read as “is similar
to”, is used.

In the figure below, 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 ~ 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆

The corresponding angles of quadrilaterals 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 and 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 are

∠𝐸 and ∠𝑃, ∠𝐹 and ∠𝑄, ∠𝐺 and ∠𝑅, and ∠𝐻 and ∠𝑆. Notice that:
𝑚∠𝐸 = 𝑚∠𝑃 = 105 𝑚∠𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝑄 = 45
∠𝑬 ≅ ∠𝑷 ∠𝑭 ≅ ∠𝑸
𝑚∠𝐺 = 𝑚∠𝑅 = 90 𝑚∠𝐻 = 𝑚∠𝑆 = 120
∠𝑮 ≅ ∠𝑹 ∠𝑯 ≅ ∠𝑺

Since 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 ~ 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 , the corresponding sides are proportional.

Moreover, the scale factors or the ratios of the corresponding sides
are equal.

Corresponding Scale Factor/Ratio of Corresponding

Sides Side
𝐸𝐹 11 1
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 = =
𝑃𝑄 33 3

17 5
 𝐹𝐺 15 1
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅𝑄𝑅
̅̅̅̅ = =
𝑄𝑅 45 3
𝐺𝐻 4 1
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 = =
𝑅𝑆 12 3
𝐸𝐻 8 1
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐻̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆 = =
𝑃𝑆 24 3

In writing similarity statement, make sure that the corresponding

angles of the polygons are written in the same order. The similarity statement
can also be based on the correspondence of the sides of the polygons.

In the previous example, the similarity statement 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 ~ 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆

indicates that ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑃 , ∠𝐹 ≅ ∠𝑄 , ∠𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑅 , ∠𝐻 ≅ ∠𝑆 . In addition, the
statement signifies that ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 and ̅𝑄𝑅
̅̅̅̅ , ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝐻 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 , and ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐻̅
and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆 are the corresponding sides of the quadrilaterals.

Example 1:

In the figure below, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 corresponds to ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹.

1. Identify the corresponding angles of the triangles.

2. Determine the corresponding sides of the triangles and the scale
factors of the corresponding sides.
3. Are the two triangles similar to each other? Why or why not? If so,
write a similarity statement and determine the scale factor.

Solution:
1. The corresponding angles are ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷, ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸, ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹.
2. The corresponding sides are ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 and ̅𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅ , ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅𝐷𝐸
̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 and
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 .
𝐴𝐶
The scale factors of the corresponding sides are =
𝐷𝐹
14 1 𝐴𝐵 6 1 𝐵𝐶 10 1
= 2, = 12 = 2, = 20 = 2 . Since the ratios of the
28 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹
corresponding sides are equal, then the corresponding sides are
proportional.

17 6
 3. The two triangles are similar because the corresponding angles are
congruent and corresponding sides are proportional. The similarity
1
statement is ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹. The scale factor is 2.

Proportion plays a very important role in determining the measures of

the corresponding parts of two similar polygons. The following examples show
how proportion works in similarity of figures.

Example 2:

Given: ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺~∆𝑀𝑁𝑃.

Solve for the value of x.

Solution:
To solve for the length of the indicated side, set up a proportion
involving the ratios of the corresponding sides. Solve the proportion
using the fundamental law of proportion.

𝐸𝐹 𝐸𝐺
= Derive the proportion of
𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑃
corresponding sides.
𝑥 42
= Apply Fundamental Law
15 35
of Proportion.
35𝑥 = 15(42) Simplify.
35𝑥 = 630
𝑥 = 18

Example 3:

Given: 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻~ 𝐽𝐾𝐿𝑀. Solve for the value of x.

17 7
 Solution:
Set up a proportion involving the ratios of the corresponding sides to
solve for the length of the indicated side. Solve by applying fundamental rule
of proportion.
𝐹𝐺 𝐸𝐻
= 𝐽𝑀 Derive the proportion of
𝐾𝐿
corresponding sides.
12 10
= Apply Fundamental Rule
2𝑥−6 5
of Proportion.
12(5) = 10(2𝑥 − 6) Simplify.
60 = 20𝑥 − 60
60 + 60 = 20𝑥
120 = 20𝑥
6=𝑥
𝑥=6

In similar polygons, the scale factor determines the relationship between

the measures of the proportional corresponding sides.
It is very interesting to know that scale factor also determines the
relationships of the other dimensions of similar polygons such as perimeters
and areas.
The ratio of the perimeters of similar polygons is equal to their scale
factor while the ratio of the areas of similar polygons is equal to the square of
their scale factor.

Example 4:

Given: 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝐸~ 𝐻𝑈𝐺𝑆. Determine the scale factor and the ratio of
their perimeters.

Solution:
Given that trapezoids are similar, the scale factor can be determined by
finding the ratio of any of the corresponding sides. The perimeter of any
polygon can be determined by adding all up the lengths of their sides.
6 1
Scale factor: =2.
12

17 8
 Perimeter of smaller trapezoid = 6 + 7 + 6 + 8 = 27
Perimeter of larger trapezoid = 12 + 14 + 12 + 16 = 54
27 1
The ratio of their perimeters is = 2 or 1:2.
54

Notice that the ratio of the perimeters of similar polygons is equal to

their scale factor.

Example 5:

In the pair of similar rectangles below, determine the scale factor and
the ratio of their areas.

Solution:
18 6
Scale factor: =7.
21
Area of smaller rectangle = (length)(width) = (18)(12) = 216
Area of larger rectangle = (length)(width) = (21)(14) = 294
216 36
The ratio of their areas is = or 36:49.
294 49

Example 6:

The following pair of right triangles are similar to each other. Determine
the scale factor and the ratio of their areas.

17 9
 10 5
Scale factor: =4
8
1
Area of larger triangle = 2 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)(ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) =
1
(15)(10) = 75
2
1
Area of smaller triangle = 2 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)(ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) =
1
(12)(8) = 48
2
75 25
The ratio of their areas is = 16 or 25:16.
48

We observe from Examples 5 and 6 that the ratio of the areas of

similar polygons is equal to the square of their scale factor.

What’s More

Enrichment Activity 1

Write S if the pair of polygons is similar, otherwise, NS. Use a

separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. 2.

3. 4.

17 10
 5.

Enrichment Activity 2
Write the similarity statement for each of the following pair of
similar polygons. Identify their corresponding angles, corresponding
sides, scale factor, ratio of their perimeters, and ratio of areas. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answers.

A.

1. Similarity Statement:_____________________________________
2. Corresponding Angles: ___________________________________
3. Corresponding Sides: ____________________________________
4. Scale Factor: __________________
5. Ratio of Perimeter: _____________
6. Ratio of Areas: _________________

B.

17 11
 1. Similarity Statement:_____________________________________
2. Corresponding Angles: ___________________________________
3. Corresponding Sides: ____________________________________
4. Scale Factor: __________________
5. Ratio of Perimeter: _____________
6. Ratio of Areas: _________________

Enrichment Activity 3
Solve for the value of x so that each pair of polygons must be
similar to each other. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

5.

17 12
 What I Have Learned

Let us summarize what you have learned!

Directions: Fill in with the correct information on each blank. Use a

separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. Two polygons are similar if their vertices can be paired so that

corresponding angles are _______ and corresponding sides are
_______.
2. The number that describes the ratio of two corresponding sides
of similar polygons is called _______.
3. The ratio of the _______ of similar polygons is equal to their scale
factor
4. The ratio of the _______ of similar polygons is equal to the
square of their scale factor.

What I Can Do

Directions: Apply the concepts that you have learned about the similarity of
figures to solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions. An
example of solved problem is given to you. Use a separate sheet of paper
for your answers.

A particular motorcycle is 6 ft long. John made a model of it with

a scale of 2 𝑖𝑛 ∶ 3 𝑓𝑡. How long is the model?

Solution:
2 𝑥
=6 Derive the proportion of the corresponding sides.
3
6(2) = 3𝑥 Apply Fundamental Rule of Proportion.
12 = 3𝑥 Simplify.
4=𝑥 The model motorcycle is 6 in long.

17 13
 1. Maria constructed a model house of 4 cm wide. If it were built with a
scale of 2 𝑐𝑚 ∶ 4 𝑚 then how wide is the real house?
2. A map has a scale of 6 𝑐𝑚 ∶ 18 𝑘𝑚. If a certain park and a house is 48
km apart then they are how far apart on the map?
3. A 3-ft vertical pole casts a shadow of 2 ft long. On the same direction,
a nearby tree casts an 18-ft shadow. How tall is the tree?

Assessment

Directions: Identify the letter that corresponds to your answer. Use a

separate paper for your answers.

1. When do we say that two polygons are similar?

A. If the corresponding angles are congruent and the corresponding

sides are proportional.
B. If the corresponding angles are proportional and the
corresponding sides are congruent.
C. If the corresponding angles are proportional and the
corresponding sides are proportional.
D. If the corresponding angles are proportional and the
corresponding sides have equal lengths.

2. Determine the scale factor of the pair of similar polygons below.

𝟒 𝟔 𝟓 𝟓
A. B. C. D.
𝟓 𝟓 𝟒 𝟔

17 14
 3. Given: 𝑺𝑻𝑼𝑽~𝑪𝑫𝑬𝑭. Solve for the value of x.

A. 4 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12

4. Given: ∆𝑪𝑨𝑻~∆𝑫𝑶𝑮. Determine the ratio of their perimeters.

7 49 3 9
A. B. C. D.
3 9 7 49

5. If the scale factor of two rhombuses is 5:2, find the ratio

of their areas.
A. 4:25 B. 5:2 C. 25:4 D. 2:5

Additional Activities

The Sierpinski Triangle is an extremely interesting geometric

construction that was formally discovered by a Polish mathematician,
Waclaw Sierpinski in 1915. All of the triangles within the Sierpinski triangle
are similar to the original figure.

Directions: Determine the scale factor used to reduce each triangle of the
Sierpinski triangle to the next one in size. Use a separate sheet of paper
for your answers.

17 15
 Sierpinski Triangle 1

Sierpinski Triangle 2

Sierpinski Triangle 3

17 16
 17 17
What I Know
What’s More
What I have Learned
1. C
Enrichment 1
2. B 1. congruent
3. C 1. S proportional
4. A 2. NS 2. scale factor
5. D 3. S 3. perimeters
4. S 4. areas
5. NS
What’s In
What I Can Do
1. 18
Enrichment 2
2. 5 1. 8m
3. 9 A. 2. 16 cm
4. 38 3. 27 ft
13
5. 1. Possible answers 𝐻𝐼𝐽𝐾~𝐿𝑀𝑁𝑃,
3
𝐼𝐽𝐾𝐻~𝑀𝑁𝑃𝐿, 𝐽𝐾𝐻𝐼~𝑁𝑃𝐿𝑀,
𝐾𝐻𝐼𝐽~𝑃𝐿𝑀𝑁 Additional Activities
2. ∠𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐿, ∠𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑀, 1
∠𝐽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑁, ∠𝐾 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑃 1. 1:2 or
2
3. 𝐻𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑀, 𝐻𝐾 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑃, 1
2. 1:3 or
𝐼𝐽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑁, 𝐾𝐽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑁 3
1
6 3. 1:4 or
4. or 6:5 4
5
6 Assessment
5. or 6:5
5
36 1. A
6. or 36:25
25 2. B
B.
3. D
1. Possible answers ∆𝑈𝑉𝑋~∆𝑅𝑆𝑇, 4. A
∆𝑋𝑉𝑈~∆𝑇𝑆𝑅 5. C
2. ∠𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑇, ∠𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆,
∠𝑈 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑅
3. 𝑉𝑈 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑅, 𝑉𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑇, 𝑋𝑈 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑅
2
4. or 1:3
3
2
5. or 1:3
3
4
6. or 1:9
9
Enrichment 3
1. 6
2. 10
3. 7
4. 8
5. 11
Answer Key
References

DepEd. May (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide Mathematics

DepEd (2014). Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition

Book:

Albay, Eduard M., et al., (2018), Practical Math 9, Diwa Learning

Systems Inc. ISBN 978-971-46-1132-0

Websites:

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Geo/7-Similar%20Polygons.pdf

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Geo/7-
Similar%20Triangles.pdf

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/PreAlg/Similar%20Figure%20W
ord%20Problems.pdf

http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMAT6680/Parsons/MVP6690/Essay1/sierpin
ski.html

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Similarity/SMSimilar.html

https://onlinemath4all.com/similar-polygons-worksheet.html

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-sierpinski-triangle-
pattern-history.html

17 18