9

9
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 7:
Proving the Conditions for
Similarity of Triangles
Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Proving the Conditions for Similarity of Triangles
First Edition, 2020

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Editors: Donato B. Chico
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Levy B. Hernal
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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module is prepared so that you, our dear learners,

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are clearly stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lessons prepared
for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons

in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main test, Notes to the teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

In the previous module, you have learned that two polygons are similar if their
vertices can be paired so that corresponding angles are congruent, and the
corresponding sides are proportional.

Have you encountered a situation wherein incompleteness is normal? In this

module, it is possible to observe similarity on triangles even if you do not have all the
measures of the corresponding angles and all the lengths of the corresponding sides.

If you do not want to use your paper and pencil in solving, another subsection
in this module particularly on right triangle theorems will certainly improve your skill
in solving the unknown sides even without a scratch paper.

You will be more confident to use any theorem if you are able to prove it. “To
see is to believe”, isn’t it?

After this module, you are expected to prove the conditions for similarity of triangles:
1.1 SAS similarity theorem
1.2 SSS similarity theorem
1.3 AA similarity theorem
1.4 right triangle similarity theorem
1.5 special right triangle theorems. (M9GE-IIIg-h-1)

iii

What I Know

Let us get started!

Let us check your knowledge in similarity theorems by answering the following
activities. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

Try everything!

A. If the pair of triangles are similar, write the similarity statement for each pair
of triangles, otherwise write Not Similar.

Y
8
N 3 E

4 6 K ___________________________

1
 1.
W O

43 ֯

47 ֯
2. W NY J ___________________________

30 ֯

L
3. 45 ֯ ___________________________
C A

A 11 I

5 7
M

22
4. F U ___________________________

10 14

B. Provide what is asked.

1. The altitude to the hypotenuse of a right triangle separates the right

triangle into _______ triangles which are similar to each other and to the
original triangle.
2. The altitude to the hypotenuse is the _________________ between the
segments into which it separates the hypotenuse.
3. Each leg is a geometric mean of the hypotenuse and the segment of the
hypotenuse ______________ to the leg.
4. Write a similarity statement comparing the three triangles below.
H O

______~______~_______
E
5. Give the geometric mean of 4 and 9. __________

2
 C. By using the special right triangles theorems, solve the following.

1. Find the side of square whose diagonal is 10√2 cm.

2. How long is the ladder which makes an angle 30 ֯with the side of the house
and whose foot rests 204 cm from the base of the house?

Great! Check your answers on the answer key page to get your score. When your
score is below the passing score, do not worry you are just starting! Go to the
next activity and learn more!

3
 Lesson Proving the Conditions for

1Similarity of Triangles

Proving similarity between triangles is simpler than similarity between other

polygons. This module will offer you activities that will certainly facilitate you to verify
the theorems on similarity of triangles.

What’s In

Here is a quick review of your previous knowledge.

Activity 1: Remember Me

Directions: Use your previous knowledge on similarity of polygons to answer these

questions.

1. Mary and Jane were writing proportions for the similar triangles shown at the
right.
Mary Jane
ST SR ST OG
= = T
ON OG ON SR
N
(ST)(OG)=(ON)(SR) (ST)(SR)=(ON)(OG)

Who is correct? __________________

S R O G
2. All regular polygons are similar. Is it true or false? ____________
3. If GLAD ~ NICE as shown below, then we can establish the following
relationships. 6
G L
N 3 I

4 8 2 4

D A E C
10 5

4
 G≅ N
L≅ I
A≅ C
D≅ E
GL LA AD DG
and = = = where __________is the common ratio.
NI IC CE EN

4. MORE ~ FAIR. If m O = 70 name a 70֯ angle in FAIR. _______

5. Find the fourth proportional to 6, 8, and 18. _____________

What’s New

Now, it is time to meet the lesson by doing the following activities on triangle
similarity. Let’s Explore!

Materials:
Graphing paper
Ruler
Protractor

Activity 2

On the graphing paper,

1. Draw triangle TUP, where TU = 9 units, m T = 70 and PT = 6 units.
2. Draw triangle ROS, where RO = 12 units, m R = 70 and SR = 8 units.

Answer these questions:

1. What corresponding parts of the triangles are given?
T≅ R
U≅ O
P ≅ S
TU UP TP
= =
RO OS RS
2. Measure the remaining sides and angles.
UP =_____________ OS = _____________
m U =_____________ m O = _____________
m P =_____________ m S = _____________
3. Are the triangles similar? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5
 4. State the conditions sufficient to conclude that the two triangles are similar.
The two sides of one triangle are proportional to the corresponding two sides
of another triangle and there is one pair of congruent included angles.________

Activity 3

On the graphing paper,

1. Draw triangle ABC , where AB = 10 units, AC = 8 units and CB = 12 units.
2. Draw triangle DEF, where DE = 20 units, DF = 16 units and EF = 24 units.

Answer these questions: 4

1. How many sides were given in each triangle?
The three sides of each triangle were given.
2. Are the corresponding sides proportional? ________
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐵
Say, = __________________; = _________________; = ____________________
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹
3. State the conditions sufficient to conclude that the two triangles are similar.
The three sides of one triangle are proportional to the corresponding three
sides of another triangle.___________________________________________________

Activity 4

On the graphing paper,

1. Draw triangle MNK, where MN = 8 units, m M = 40 and m N = 60. Label
the intersection of the two sides by K.
2. Draw triangle XYW, where XY = 16 units, m X = 60 and m Y = 40. Label
the intersection of the two sides W.
3. Complete the table to show your data.
MNK XWY 𝑀𝑁 𝑀𝑃 𝑃𝑁
MN MK KN XY XW WY 𝑋𝑌 𝑋𝑊 𝑌𝑊

Answer these questions:

1. How many angles were given to draw the two triangles?
Two angles were given to each triangle to draw the figures.__________________
Which angles are congruent?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What can you conclude about the ratios of the corresponding sides?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What can you conclude about the relation of the two triangles?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. State the conditions sufficient to conclude that the two triangles are similar.
The two angles of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles
of another triangle._________________________________________________________

6
Activity 5

On the graphing paper,

1. Draw right triangle ABC with right angle at C.
2. Draw CD AB.
A D

C B
3. Explore the relations among the three right triangles by finding the following:
5
m A =____
m ACB = 90֯
m B =____
m ADC = 90֯
m ACD =____
m BDC = 90֯
m BCD =____
4. What is the relation between the following measures:
m A ____________ m BCD
m B ____________ m ACD
5. Complete the table below and write the relation between each pair of angles.
ABC ACD CBD
CAB _________ CAD ____________ BCD
ABC _________ ACD ____________ CBD
ACB _________ ADC ____________ BDC
6. What conclusion can you make about the relations of the three triangles?
The two right triangles formed by the altitude to the hypotenuse are similar to
each other and to the original right triangle._________________________________

Activity 6

On the graphing paper draw a square ABCD, 4 units on each side. Draw diagonal
AC.

Answer these questions:

1. How many triangles are formed?
Two triangles were formed by the diagonal.__________________________________
2. What kind of triangle is each? ______________________________________________
How were you able to determine the kind of triangle?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How many degrees has ACB? ____________ CAB? ____________
How long is CB? __________AB? ____________
4. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to compute for the length of AC.
c² = a² + b²
AC² = BC² + AB²
5. How does AC compare with CB?
___________________________________________________________________________

7
 How does AC compare with AB?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. In a 45-45-90 triangle, let x = length of each leg. How long is the hypotenuse
c?

c x

x
Solution Reasons
Step 1 c² = x² + x² _______________________________
Step 2 c² = 2x² 6 _______________________________
Step 3 _______________ Take the square root of each side.
_______________

7. Write a statement about the relation of the length of the hypotenuse of a 45-
45-90 triangle to the length of its leg.
The length of the hypotenuse is √2 times the leg.___________________________

Activity 7

On the graphing paper draw an equilateral triangle ACB, 10 units on each side. Draw
an altitude CD.

Answer these questions:

1. How many triangles are formed?
Two triangles were formed by the altitude.__________________________________
What kind of triangle is each triangle?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How many degrees has BCD?________ DBC? _________ CDB? __________
How long is DB? _____________ CB? ______________
How will you determine the length of CD?
The Pythagorean Theorem was used to determine the length of CD.__________
3. How does the length of the hypotenuse compare with the length of the shorter
leg?_______________________________________________________________________
4. How does the length of the longer leg compare with the length of the shorter
leg?_______________________________________________________________________

5. In equiangular ACD, let x = length of AD, 2x = length of AC and a = length

of CD. What is a? C

2x a

A x D B

8
 Solution: Reasons
Step 1 a² + x² = (2x)² _______________________________
Step 2 a² + x² = 4x² _______________________________
Step 3 a² = 4x² - x² Addition Property of Equality
Step 4 a² = 3x² Performing subtraction
Step 5 a = ____________ Take the square root of each side
= ____________
6. Write a statement about the relation of the length of the hypotenuse of a 30-
60-90 triangle to the length of its leg.
The hypotenuse is twice the shorter leg. The longer leg is √3 times the shorter
leg.________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Recognize the different theorems on triangle similarity.

The SAS Similarity Theorem

Theorem Diagram Example
If two sides of one triangle A D D
are proportional to the A
corresponding two sides B 3 6
of another triangle and C E B 30֯ 30֯
their respective included F 4 C E
angles are congruent, 8
then the triangles are F
similar. B≅ E; 30֯ = 30֯
AB BC 3 4
= ; =
DE EF 6 8

ABC ~ DEF by
SAS Similarity Theorem

9
The SSS Similarity Theorem
Theorem Diagram Example
If the sides of one triangle A D
are proportional to the A D
corresponding sides of B 5 15
another triangle, then the C E B 6 18
triangles are similar. F 7 C E
21 F
BA AC CB
= =
DE DF FE
5 6 7
= =
15 18 21

ABC ~ DEF by
SSS Similarity Theorem

The AA Similarity Theorem

Theorem Diagram Example
If two angles of one A D A D
triangle are congruent to 35֯ 35֯
the two angles of another B B 28֯ 28֯
triangle, then the C E CE
triangles are similar. F
F
A ≅ D; 35֯ = 35֯
B ≅ E; 28֯ = 28֯
ABC ~ DEF by
AA Similarity Theorem

Right Triangle Similarity Theorem

Theorem Diagram Example
The altitude to the B D
hypotenuse of a right B
triangle forms two
triangles that are similar C A D C
to each other and to the
original triangle. C

D A

C A
BDC ~ CDA~ BCA

10
Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
Special Properties Diagram Example
In any right triangle, B D B3D
1. the altitude to the 27
hypotenuse is the
geometric mean C A C A
between the
segments into B BDC ~ CDA, so
which it separates BD CD
the hypotenuse. D C =
CD AD
C 3 CD
=
CD 27
D A CD²= (3)(27)
√(CD)²= √81
CD = 9

5
2. each leg is a B D
B D
geometric mean of
15
the hypotenuse
and the segment of C A
C A
the hypotenuse
BD BC
adjacent to the leg. =
BC AB
5 BC
=
BC 20
BC²= (5)(20)
√(BC)²= √100
BC = 10

2
B D B D
10

C A C A
AD AC
=
AC AB

10 AC
=
AC 12
AC²= (10)(12)
√(AC)²= √120
AC = 2√30

11
45֯-45֯-90֯ Triangle Similarity Theorem
Theorem Diagram Conclusion
In a 45֯-45֯-90֯ triangle,
√2 45֯ 45֯
1. each leg is l h l 10
2
times the
hypotenuse; and 45֯ 45֯
l l
√2
l= h
2
√2
l = (10)
2
10√2
l=
2
l = 5√2

45֯
2. the hypotenuse is 6 h
√2 times the leg.
45֯
6
h = √2 𝑙
h = √2 (6)
h = 6√2

30֯-60֯-90֯ Triangle Similarity Theorem

Theorem Diagram Conclusion
In a 30֯-60֯-90֯ triangle,
1
1. the shorter leg is the 30֯ 30֯
2
√3 16
hypotenuse or l h
3
times the longer leg;
60֯ 60֯
s s
1
s = h
2
1
s = (16)
2
16
s =
2
s =8

30֯

12

60֯
s

12
 √3
s= 𝑙
3
√3
s= (12)
3
12√3
s=
3
s = 4√3

2. the longer leg is 30֯

√3 times the shorter leg;
and l

60֯
5
l = √3s
l = √3(5)
l = 5√3

3. the hypotenuse is twice 30֯

the shorter the leg. h

60֯
5
h = 2s
h = 2(5)
h = 10

What’s More

Let’s us have an independent practice!

Prepare your answer sheet now.

Activity 8

Directions: Study carefully the pair of triangles. Write the similarity statement for
each pair of triangles, otherwise write Not Similar.

O 10 E

6 8
N
20
13
 1. T O ___________________________

12 16

5 3
N 6
2. W ___________________________

5
Y
T

45 ֯
U

3. 60 ֯ ___________________________
F O

Activity 9

Directions: Tell whether each statement is sometimes, always, or never true. Use
the space provided before each number.
__________________1. Two right triangles are similar.
__________________2. Two squares are similar.
__________________3. A parallelogram and a trapezoid are similar.
__________________4. Congruent triangles are similar.
__________________5. If two polygons are similar, they are also congruent.

Activity 10

Directions: Do what is asked.

1. Write a similarity statement comparing the three triangles below.
E 5V
20

_____~ _____~ _____

F I
2. Find FV.
EV FV
= Property of similarity on right triangles
FV VI

FV
= Substitution
FV

14
 (FV)² = (__)(__) FV is the Geometric Mean between the segments into
which it separates the hypotenuse

√(FV)² = √(__)(__) Find the positive square root

FV = ________

3. Find EF.

EV EF
= of similarity on right triangles
EF EI

= Substitution
(EF)² = (__)(__) EF is the Geometric Mean between the segments into
which it separates the hypotenuse
√(EF)² = √(__)(__) Find the positive square root

EF = ________

Without the use of paper and pencil,

4. Find FI. _________
5. In a right triangle, the altitude to the hypotenuse divides the hypotenuse into
segments with lengths 4 and 9. Find the length of this altitude. ____________

Activity 11

Directions: Use the special right triangle theorems to solve the following.
1. The length of the diagonal of a square is 8√2 units. Find its side.

8√2 Draw the figure

√2
l= h Property of longer leg of a 45-45-90 triangle
2
√2
l=
2 (___) Substitution
8√4
l= Simplify
2
8 (___)
l=
2
16
l=
2
l = ___

15
 2. How long is the altitude of an equilateral triangle whose sides are 8 units
each?
30֯

l h=8 u Draw the figure

60֯
1
s= h Property of the shorter leg of a 30-60-90 triangle
2
1
s= (___) Substitution
2
8
s= Simplify
2
s =___

If s= ___, then l = √3 s Property of the longer leg of a 30-60-90 triangle

l = √3(__) Substitution
l =______

Without the use of paper and pencil,

3. Find the length of the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle when the length
of a leg is 15 units._____________
4. An equilateral triangle has an altitude of 15 units. How long is each
side?______________
5. How long is the diagonal of a square whose perimeter is 40 units? ___________

What I Have Learned

Let’s us summarize your learning on triangle similarity theorems!

Activity 12: Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the following sentences.

1. ________ Similarity Theorem states that if the two angles of one triangle are
congruent to the two angles of another triangle, then the triangles are similar.
2. ________ Similarity Theorem states that if two sides of one triangle are
proportional to the corresponding two sides of another triangle and their
respective included angles are congruent, then the triangles are similar by
3. ________ Similarity Theorem states that if the sides of one triangle are
proportional to the corresponding sides of another triangle, then the triangles
are similar.

16
 4. The altitude to the hypotenuse of a right triangle forms two triangles that are
___________ to each other and to the original triangle.
5. Each ________ is a geometric mean of the hypotenuse and the segment of the
hypotenuse adjacent to the leg.
6. The altitude to the hypotenuse is the ____________________ between the
segments into which it separates the hypotenuse.
7. In a 45֯-45֯-90֯ triangle, each leg is _____ times the hypotenuse.
8. In a 45֯-45֯-90֯ triangle, the hypotenuse is _____times the leg.
9. In a 30֯-60֯-90֯ triangle, the longer leg is ______ times the shorter leg.
10. In a 30֯-60֯-90֯ triangle, the shorter leg is _____ the hypotenuse or _____ times
the longer leg;

What I Can Do

Let us transfer your new knowledge into real life situations!

Activity 13: Make it Real!

Directions: Solve the following problems. You may do a paperless solving!

1. A baseball diamond is in the shape of a square 90 ft by 90 ft on the sides. Find

the distance between the home plate and the 2 nd base.

Second base

90 ft

Third base First base

Home plate

2. A grade 9 student is visiting the Unisphere at the SM Mall of Asia. To estimate

the height of the stainless-steel model of the earth, he places a mirror on the
ground, and he stand where he can see the top of the model in the mirror. Use
the diagram shown to estimate the height of the model.

h
5ft

mirror
4 ft 100ft
17
 3. A surveyor positions himself so that his line of sight to the top of a cliff and
his line of sight to the bottom form a right angle as shown. What is the height
of the cliff?

h 10 ft

5 ft

Assessment

Let us assess your learning in this module by answering these activities!

Activity 14: Perfect Match!

Directions: Match the illustrations of similarity concepts with their names. Write
only the letters of the figures that correspond to the name of the concept. Use the
provided slots to write your answers.

E
A D

B
ABC ~ DEF C E
F
A≅ D
B≅ E
U
B D

BDC ~ CDA~ BCA C A

C
A D

B
ABC ~ DEF C E
F
BA AC CB
= =
ED DF FE

18
 H

√3 45֯
l= ℎ
2 l h

45֯
h = √3 𝑙 l

L
B D
BDC ~ CDA, so

BD CD C A
=
CD AD

1 √3
s = h or s = 𝑙
2 3 30֯

l h
l = √3 𝑠
60֯
s
h = 2s

B D
BDC ~ CDA, so

BD AB C A
=
BC BC

D
A D

B
C E
ABC ~ DEF F
B≅ E
AB BC
=
DE EF

Write your answers here:

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

19
 20
What I Have Learned
What’s More
Activity 11: Complete Me!
Activity 8
1. AA 6. geometric mean
1. SSS Similarity Theorem
√2
2. SAS Similarity Theorem 2. SAS 7.
2
3. Not Similar
3. SSS 8. √2
Activity 9 4. similar 9. √3
1 √3
1. Sometimes True 5. leg 10. ,
2 3
2. Always True
3. Never True
4. Always True
What I Know
5. Never True
Activity 10 Try Everything!
1. IEF ~ IFV ~ FEV A.
5 𝐹𝑉 1. SAS Similarity Theorem
2. =
𝐹𝑉 20
2. AA Similarity Theorem
(FV)² = (5)(20)
3. Not Similar
√(FV)² = √(5)(20) 4. SSS Similarity Theorem
FV = 10
5 𝐸𝐹
3. = B.
𝐸𝐹 25
(EF)² = (5)(25) 1. two
√(EF)² = √(5)(25 2. geometric mean
3. adjacent
EF = 5 √5 4. EOP ~ EPH ~ POH
4. 10√5 5. 6
5. 6 C.
1. 10 cm
Activity 11
2. 408 cm
√2
1. l= ( 8 √2)
2
8√4 What’s In
l=
2 Activity 1: Remember Me
8 (2)
l=
2
16 1. Mary
l=
2 2. True
l=8 2
3.
1
1 4. A
2. s= (8) 5. 24
2
8
s=
2
s=4
If s= 4, then l = √3 (4)
What I Can Do
l = 4√3
Activity 11: Make it Real!
3. 15√2 u
4. 10√3 u 1. 90√2 ft
5. 10√2 u 2. 125 ft
3. 25 ft
Answer Key
References
Books:

Burger, Edward B., Chard, David J., Hall, Earlene J., Kennedy, Paul A., Leinwand,
Steven J., Renfro, Freddie L., Roby, Tom W.,Saymour, Dale G., and Waits,
Bert K. (2008). Holt California Geometry

Dasco, Nellie T. Explore. Worktext in Mathematics III

DepEd (2014). Mathematics 9. Learners Material. First Edition.

Orence, Orlando A. & Mendoza, Marilyn O. 2003. Exploring Mathematics III.

Geometry. Worktext in Mathematics for Secondary School

21