FF Requirements For Fieldbus Devices

1 Power Limits / Intrinsic Safety Considerations

1.1 All Fieldbus devices that require bus power shall be
capable of utilizing voltage supply levels at any level
between 9.0 and 32.0 VDC. Fieldbus devices that do not
require bus power shall be capable of operating on the
fieldbus without affecting the existing supply voltage on
the segment. No instrument may be used that requires
more than 28 mA from the bus power supply.

1.2 The power for each Foundation fieldbus segment shall be

provided through a power conditioner to prevent the
communication signal from being attentuated by the
power supply and to eliminate cross talk between
Foundation Fieldbus segments through a common power
supply.

1.3 All Fieldbus devices provided shall be polarity

insensitive.

2 Fieldbus Communication

2.1 All fieldbus device on the fieldbus segment shall be able

to communicate at 31.25 kbit per second. It should
support peer to peer communication.

2.2 The fieldbus device must pass the Fieldbus Foundation

interoperability testing, ITK4.1 and have received the 'tick'
mark.

2.3 The fieldbus device shall use Electronic Device

Description Technology (EDDL) in addition to having
standard fieldbus function block as specified by the
Fieldbus Foundation.

3 Diagnostics

3.1 The fieldbus device shall be able to perform continuous

self-diagnostic to check its own health state.

4 Location Independent Control

4.1 The field device shall support control anywhere, which

allows the migration of PID control to the field device.
Field Instrumentation

1 Multivariable Field Devices

When appropriate, multiple input instruments shall be used to

reduce the number of devices and, thus, the number of IS
barriers. Multiple function instruments to be considered are:

a) Temperature transmitters with two or more RTD or

thermocouple inputs

b) Pressure transmitters that provide gauge pressure,

differential pressure, and temperature inputs

c) Mass flow meters that provide flow, density, temperature and

volumetric data.

d) Multi-variable transmitter for the purpose of pressure and

temperature compensation

2 Best Practice Installation

Field device installation shall preferably conforms to API 551

Section 2.3.1.3 as described below for cost effective ownership
and ease of maintenance.

Excerpts from API 551 Section 2.3.1.3

Section 2.3.1.3 Installation

2.3.1.3.1 General
Installation of differential-pressure flow devices is generally
the same regardless of the type of primary element and
requires consideration of the factors described in the next
few sections.

2.3.1.3.2 Meter Location

Close-coupled mounting is preferred for transmitters.
When close coupling is not available, the meter should be
mounted at a convenient height of 4 or 5 feet (1.2 or 1.5
meters) above grade, platforms, walkways, or other
permanent means of access.

2.3.1.3.3 Impulse Lines

Impulse lines for remote devices should be as short as
possible, 3 feet for close-coupled transmitters and
preferably not more than 20 feet (6 meters). For liquid
measurement the lines should slope down at least 1 inch per
foot from the orifice taps.

Meter piping should be designed and installed in accordance

with the piping specification for the service involved. It is
preferable to use Type 304 or better stainless steel tubing
with a minimum outside diameter of 1/2 inch (15
millimeters) for meter impulse leads. In special cases or
where user preference dictates, 1/2 inch (15 millimeters)
Schedule 80 or heavier pipe may be used.

Meter connecting piping and manifolding is a source of

meter inaccuracy. It is possible to develop more liquid
head in one-meter lead line than the other because of
differences in specific gravity, temperature, or the amount of
gas or water in the lines. For example, if the meter is 100
inches (2.5 meters) below the orifice, with one side filled with
water and the other side filled with a liquid that has a specific
gravity of .65, the zero error will be 35 percent of full scale for
100-ince (2.5-meter) range. Note that most hydrocarbon
streams contain some water. Mounting the meter or
transmitter close-coupled to the meter taps greatly
reduces head error from differences in specific gravity
or from vapor binding.

2.3.1.3.4 Meter Manifolds

Manifolds are recommended on all differential-pressure-
measuring devices for checking zero and for isolating the
meter from its process service. Special manifold valves
provide reliable, convenient, simplified installations and are
commonly used alternatives to individual block-and-bypass-
valve assemblies.

Valving for close-coupled transmitters require process

blocks at the orifice flange and an equalizing bypass
valves at the meter. This can be accomplished by using
conventional line-class valves, installed with rigid pipe
nipples with male inlets that fit directly into the orifice flange
taps, for the process blocks. Short impulse lines connect
the valves to the special bypass manifold valve, which is
mounted directly on the transmitter. These manifold
valves can be adapted to fit most manufacturers' transmitter.
1 Fieldbus Pressure Transmitter
1.1 Total Performance shall be +/- 0.15% of calibrated range.
1.2 Reference Accuracy shall be +/- 0.075% of calibrated
range.
1.3 It shall have a 100:1 rangeability.
1.4 It shall have +/- 0.125% of URL stability for five years.
1.5 Turn-on time performance within specification is achieved
less than 2.0 seconds after power is applied to the
transmitter.
1.6 Volumetric displacement shall be less than 0.005in3
(0.08cm3 ).
1.7 The output response to a step input change is user-
selectable from 0 to 36 seconds for one time constant.
This software damping is in addition to sensor module
response time.
1.8 Process connection shall be provided with coplaner type
connections.
1.9 Product specification conformance of at least 3 sigma.
1.10 Optional LCD meter shall plug directly into the electronics
board. The displayed can be configured to show digital
output in pressure units, percent of analog range, or
custom-defined pressure, flow or level units.
1.11 The transmitter shall have dual compartment housing for
electronics and field wiring.
1.12 The transmitter shall have 2 analog input function block
as standard offering. Optional Arithemetic, Integrator,
Signal Characterizer, Input selector and PID function
block shall be made available.
1.13 The transmitter shall have the capability to become a
device Link Master which means it can function as a Link
Active Scheduler if the current link master device fails.
1.14 The transmitter shall have continuous diagnostics to
indicate real-time instrument status.
1.15 The transmitter shall have optional advanced device
diagnostics such as Plugged Impulse line and Statistical
Process Monitoring.
Fieldbus Temperature Transmitter
2.1 Inputs should include a wide range of RTD (platinium,
nickel, copper), thermocouple (NIST type B, E, J, K, N, R,
S, T) inputs including ohms (0 to 2000 ohms), millivolts (-
10 to 100mV).
 2.2 Thermocouple inputs shall be automatically compensated
for cold junction errors.
2.3 Ability to connect 2, 3 and 4-wire RTD applications.
2.4 Ability to provide dual sensor input with
• 2 and 3 wire RTD applications
• a combination of any two different RTD's
• a combination of one RTD input and one
thermocouple input
2.5 Transmitter input should be galvanically isolated from the
output and ground, up to 500V rms (707V dc), thus it is
capable of accepting grounded and ungrounded sensors.
2.6 Turn-on time performance within specification is achieved
less than 30.0 seconds after power is applied to the
transmitter.
2.7 Update time shall be approximately 0.5 seconds for a
single sensor (1.0 seconds for two sensors).
2.8 Transmitter should have a dual compartment housing
with moisture barrier that totally isolates the electronic
circuitry from the field wiring. Enclosure ratings: NEMA
4X, IP66 and IP68.
2.9 Optional LCD meter shall plugs easily into the electronics
module assembly and displays the digital output in user-
configured engineering units.
2.10 The transmitter can be easily configured with Hot Backup
feature. This means that the transmitter will automatically
assign sensor 2 as the primary input if sensor 1 should
fail. It should have the ability for sensor drift alert
application.
2.11 The transmitter shall have 2 analog input fuction block as
Standard configuration. Optional Input Selector function
block, 2 PID function blocks, arithemetic function block
and signal characterizer and an additional analog input
function block shall be made available where required.
The transmitter shall have the capability to become a device Link Master which
means it can function as a Link Active Scheduler if the
current link master device fails.
2.13 The transmitter shall have continuous diagnostics to
indicate real-time instrument status.
3 Fieldbus Mass Flowmeter
3.1 Sensor specification

3.1.1 The principle of measurement shall be based on Coriolis

force.
 3.1.2 Sensor Construction

i) The meter shall be of Dual U–Tube design. In case

of straight tube designs, it must be Single Full-
Bore Straight Tube design.
ii) The wetted materials should fulfill NACE standard
MR-01-75 requirements.
iii) The wetted flow tube pressure ratings must be in
accordance to ASME B31.3.
iv) If the sensor cases are supplied to act as
secondary enclosures, the allowable pressure
rating should be of ASME B31.3 code, with the
burst pressure proof tested under MSS SP-97.
v) Process connections shall be RF flanged to ANSI
B16.5 with face finish RA 3.2-6.3 micrometers to
ANSI B46.1.
vi) Vibration and humidity specs shall comply with
SAMA PMC 31.1, Condition 2 and PMC 31.3
Section 5.2 (IP65) respectively.

3.1.3 Performance
i) Mass flow accuracy: +/-0.10% of rate for liquid
(+/-0.5% of rate for gas)
ii) Mass flow repeatability: +/-0.05% of rate
iii) Density accuracy: +/- 0.0005% g/cc

3.1.4 Core Processor

i) It should use digital signal processing with multi-

variable measurement. Measure mass flow (in
liquid or gas) and density directly.
ii) It should be microprocessor based with digital
communication and meter diagnostics capabilities
by means of MODBUS.
It should be 4-wire system between the sensor and
transmitter, 2 for power (from transmitter or control
system) and 2 for digital signal MODBUS.

3.1.5 The sensor shall be designed to meet NEMA 4X and has

certification for Intrinsic Safety and Explosion-proof from
UL and CSA or Flame-proof and Intrinsic Safety from
CENELEC

3.2 Mass Flow Transmitter

3.2.1 It must be microprocessor based with digital

communications and meter diagnostics capabilities by
means of Foundation Fieldbus
3.2.2 Foundation Fieldbus transmitters, the output signal
should be Manchester-encoded digital signal that
conforms to IEC 1158-2, and must be configurable along
the H1 bus to indicate mass flow, volume flow, density
and temperature.

3.2.3 It should permit remote testing and configuration of the

transmitter using Foundation Fieldbus hosts.

3.2.4 It should automatically perform continuous self-

diagnostics; user can perform on-line testing of
transmitter and sensor, using transducer block.

3.2.5 Mounting :

i) Available integrally mount to sensor (depend on

sensor type)
ii) Remote-mount should be on a 4-wire system with
ground, intrinsically safe to sensor

3.2.6 Display:

i) It should be a segmented 2-line display with LCD

screen with optical controls and flow meter-status
LED
ii) It should provide the display to view process
variables, start, stop and reset totaliser, view
diagnostics messages, zero flow meter, perform
output simulation tests and diagnostics self-check,
set password security
iii) It should have a status light: 3 –color LED status
on display panel indicates flow meter condition at a
glance.
iv) It should be a Class I, Division 1/Zone 1 local
operator interface with display
Transmitter enclosure : NEMA 4X (IP 67) epoxy polyester-
painted cast aluminum

3.2.8 Power Supply : 85-265 VAC/18-100 VDC self-

switching AC/DC input

3.2.9 Vibration limits of the electronics should also meet IEC

68.2.6, endurance sweep at 1.0g, 15 to 2000 Hz, 50
sweep cycles

3.2.10 The transmitter should be to be configured for custody

transfer security requirements (when required) described
in National Standards and Technology handbook 44.
 3.2.11 Transmitter shall be designed to meet NEMA 4X, IP
67and has certification for Explosion-Proof from UL and
CSA or Flameproof CENELEC

3.2.12 The transmitter shall have 4 analog input function blocks

and an integrator function block.

3.2.13 The transmitter shall have continuous diagnostics to

indicate real-time instrument status.
4 Fieldbus Vortex Flowmeter

4.1 It should be microprocessor based with digital communication

and advanced diagnostics capabilities by means Foundation
Fieldbus communication.

4.2 The host (PC) with a Diagnostics software, i.e. Asset

Management Solutions (AMS), should be capable of performing
Diagnostics tests remotely providing sufficient data to determine
instruments and flowmeter’ health enabling predictive
maintenance.

4.3 The electronics should have Adaptive Digital Signal Processing,

ADSP capabilities for optimal performance against process
noise, and perform continuous self-diagnostic routines that
immediately identify electronics’ health and process condition.
ADSP incorporates dynamic filtering to meet the changes in
noise level due to changing process conditions.

4.4 Future enhancement of functionality can be downloaded

electronically with no hardware changes.

4.5 Advanced Diagnostic showing the Shedding Frequency for

direct calculation of Flow velocity and Signal Strength
determination showing changes in process condition and
filtering need to be optimized.

Sensor Health Checks through Foundation Fieldbus via AMS

diagnostic isolated sensor failure from application, process and
other instrument issues.

4.7 Sensor shall be Field Replaceable and be Common regardless

of flow size/metallurgy to facilitate easy replacement and
interchangeability.

4.8 The sensor and shedder bar must be Mass Balance for optimal
performance against vibration –induce and mechanical noise.

4.9 The flowmeter body and shedder bar should be of an Integral

Cast Design, in which no process seals (gaskets and/or O-rings)
 are allowed. This design completely eliminates fugitive emission
to not more than 2 points (Eg. Process Connection).

4.10 The transmitter shall have 1 analog input function block and an
optional PID function block.

4.11 The transmitter shall have continuous diagnostics to indicate

real-time instrument status.

5 Fieldbus Magnetic Flowmeter

5.1 It should be microprocessor based with digital communication

and advanced diagnostics capabilities by means of Foundation
Fieldbus communication.

5.2 It should have capabilities for configuration and advanced

diagnostics to be performed from the field/control room using a
HART® handheld communicator or a host (PC).

5.3 The host (PC) with a Diagnostics software, i.e. Asset

Management Solutions (AMS), should be capable of performing
Diagnostics tests remotely providing sufficient data to determine
instruments and flowmeter’ health enabling predictive
maintenance.

5.4 The transmitter shall perform Continuous Diagnostics, be

capable of self-test functions, and be able to give specific
diagnostics information.

5.5 Transmitter shall provide Digital Signal Processing capabilities in

which Number of Sample, Maximum Percent Limit and Time
Limit parameters can be optimized for reducing process noise. It
shall also have the ability to adjust transmitter response time.

5.6 It should have Process Noise Diagnostic capabilities that

provide process information such as particle impingement,
chemical reactions in the process and electrolytic reaction.
It should have Signal to Noise Ratio Diagnostic information for you to
select the optimal coil drive frequency for your application.

5.8 It should have Grounding and Wiring Diagnostic capabilities to

isolate grounding or wiring problems from process, application
and other instrument issues.

5.9 It should have Electrode Signal Fault Detection capabilities to

indicate loss of signal integrity due to electrode leakage or
moisture in flowtube terminal and coil area.
 5.10 The transmitter shall have 1 analog input function block and an
optional PID function block.

5.11 The transmitter shall have continuous diagnostics to indicate

real-time instrument status.

6 Fieldbus Smart Positioners

6.1 It should be microprocessor based with digital communication

and valve diagnostics capabilities by means of Foundation
Fieldbus digital signal compliant to latest ITK 4.6.

6.2 The host (PC) with a Valve Diagnostics software, i.e.

ValveLink™ Software or Asset Management Solutions (AMS)
ValveLink Snap-On Software, should be capable of performing
Diagnostics tests remotely providing sufficient data to determine
instruments and valves’ health enabling predictive maintenance.

6.3 The positioner must have a built-in process PID controller. It

shall have a AO and PID blocks with a maximum execution time
of 25 ms and 30 ms respectively.Also,it shall have OS,ISEL,DO
and DI function blocks.

6.4 Able to provide Actual Valve Travel, Input current, Actuator

Pressure, Instrument Temperature, Travel Deviation, Travel
Alert, Travel Accumulator, Cycle Counter and Failures Alerts to
be displayed on the DCS console.

6.5 It must be able to provide the following diagnostics information:

i) Valve Signature Test with analysed data of Seat Load,
Bench set and valve friction. The valve signature test
should provide full graphical analysis of the 0 to 100%
travel for both sliding stem and rotary valves. Data
provided for analysis should include Min/Max/Average
Friction values, Expected Friction, Spring rate,Bench-
set,Actual Seat Load and Theoretical Seat Load details.
This test shall be run only offline an it shall not be
possible to run this test when the process in online as it
would affect the process.
ii) Dynamic Error Band Test with analysed data of Dynamic
Error Band and Dynamic Linearity of the Control Valve
iii) Process Diagnostics capability to evaluate process
performance.
iv) All Diagnostics Graphs must have a 8000-point resolution
and able to be superimposed for comparison
6.6 It shall have redundant CPU and shall be of field proven type by
using along with control valves so that the entire valve assembly
integrity is met and shall perform to meet the required static and
dynamic performance requirements.

6.7 When mounted on a control valve, Factory Valve Signature Test

Report shall be provided to show net pressure vs. travel over the
span of the assembly as well as Dynamic Error Band Test
Report showing travel vs. input signal. The analysed data shall
include true seat load, valve friction, and actuator bench set.
The data will be the reference for future diagnostics analysis
when the instrument and valve are in operations.

6.8 Future enhancement of functionality can be downloaded

electronically with no hardware change is required.6.9 The
electrical housing shall be designed to meet NEMA 4X, IEC 529
IP66 and has certification for Intrinsic Safety and Explosion-
proof from FM or CSA or Flame-proof and Intrinsic Safety from
LCIE/CENELEC

6.10 The operating ambient temperature limits shall be between -

40°F to 175°F (-40°C to 80°C).

6.11 The Vibration effect when unmounted and mounted on actuators

shall be :
• <1.0% of output span per SAMA PMC31.1 Section 5.3,
Condition 3 (at 5%, 50%, 95% input)
• No significant resonance when tested per SAMA PMC31.1
Section 5.3, Condition 3

6.12 It shall have an Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) that is less

than +/-0.1% when tested per IEC 801-1 and 801-3, 27 to 1000
MHz with field strength of 30 V/m (volts per meter)

6.13 It shall be in modular design to facilitate easy replacement and

interchangeability when used on either single- or double-acting
actuators for both sliding stem and rotary shaft valves. The fail
action shall be field reversible. No external reversing relays shall
be used to achieve fail-safe action when using double acting
piston actuators.

6.14 Printed Wiring Board shall be fully encapsulated which

eliminates electrostatic discharge sensitivity and provides
ruggedness in operation. The module shall include pressure and
temperature sensors.

6.15 It shall be fitted with input and output pressure gauges and
these shall be enclosed within the positioner.
 6.16 It shall have a supply pressure sensor for diagnostics in addition
to output pressure sensor. Differential Pressure Sensors are not
acceptable.

6.17 It shall be of internal pneumatic relay type instead of spool valve

type.

6.18 It shall be fitted with input and output pressure gauges and
these sall be enclosed within the positioner.

6.19 It shall use a memory technology that does not have writing
limits.

6.20 It shall have the functionality of providing On-line diagnostics

while valve is controlling the process. This should provide on-line
details of valve friction, dead band, tubing leakage and plugging
caused by dirty air supply without upsetting or interfering the
process.

6.21 It shall be possible to upgrade the firmware on-line.

6.22 It shall possible shall operate with the use of standard 40 micron
air filter.

It shall be possible to configure through the software to schedule Valve

Signature test to be run offline for multiple valves.