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Stainless Steel Grade 630
Stainless Steel Grade 630
Chemical Formula
Fe, <0.07% C, 1517.5% Cr, 3.05.0% Ni, <1.0% Mn, <1% Si, <0.040% P, <0.03% S, 3.0
5.0% Cu, 0.150.45% Nb+Ta
Topics Covered
Introduction
Key Properties
Composition
Mechanical Properties
Physical Properties
Grade Specification Comparison
Possible Alternative Grades
Corrosion Resistance
Heat Resistance
Heat Treatment
Welding
Machining
Applications
Introduction
Grade 630 stainless steels are martensitic stainless steels that are precipitation hardened
to achieve excellent mechanical properties. These steel achieve high strength and
hardness following heat treatment. The heat and corrosion resistance of grade 630 are
similar to that of grade 304 steels. This grades is also commonly referred to as grade 17
4PH.
One of the key benefits of this grade is that it is available in solution treated conditions, at
which they can be easily machined and agehardened to attain high strength. The age
treatment of grade 630 is carried out at low temperatures, to avoid significant distortion.
Therefore, this grade is used for applications such as the manufacture of long shafts that
do not require restraightening after heat treatment.
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Stainless Steel - Grade 630
Key Properties
The properties mentioned below pertain to commonly available grade 630 bar products in
ASTM A564. The specifications may not be similar to other forms such as forgings and
plates.
Composition
The compositional ranges of grade 630 stainless steels are displayed below:
Table 1. Composition ranges for grade 630 stainless steels
Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Ni Cu Nb+Ta
min. 15 3 3 0.15
630
max 0.07 1 1 0.04 0.030 17.5 5 5 0.45
Mechanical Properties
The table below outlines the mechanical properties of grade 630 stainless steels:
Table 2. Mechanical properties of grade 630 stainless steels
Hardness
Tensile Yield Strength
Elongation (%
Condition Strength 0.2% Proof
in 50mm) Rockwell C Brinell
(MPa) (MPa)
(HR C) (HB)
Solution
1105 typ 1000 typ 15 typ 38 max 363 max
Treated
*These values are specified for ASTM A564 and they apply only to certain size ranges.
The specification should be consulted for the complete details of these properties.
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Stainless Steel - Grade 630
Condition 900 is aged at 900°F (482°C), Condition 1150 is aged at 1150°F (621°C).
Solution treatment is at 927°C and cooled as required.
Physical Properties
The physical properties of grade 630 stainless steels are given in the following table:
Table 3. Typical physical properties of grade 630 stainless steels
Mean Coeff of Thermal
Thermal Expansion Conductivity Specific
Elastic Elec
Density (µm/m/°C) (W/m.K) Heat 0
Grade Modulus Resistivity
(kg/m3) 100°C
(GPa) (nΩ.m)
0 0 0 At At (J/kg.K)
100°C 315°C 538°C 100°C 500°C
Grade Specification Comparison
The typical grade specifications of 630 stainless steels are tabulated below:
Table 4. Grade specifications for grade 630 stainless steels
Possible Alternative Grades
The following table lists the possible alternative grades to 630 stainless steels:
Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 630 stainless steels
Grade Reasons for choosing 17/4PH (630)
431 431 Has higher toughness than 17/4PH. Better availability in some sizes.
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Stainless Steel - Grade 630
Freemachining martensitic stainless steel better for repetition machining. Lower
416
cost.
Higher corrosion resistance of 316 to resist more severe environments, but with
316
much lower strength than 17/4PH.
Much better corrosion resistance than 17/4PH, with a lower strength (but not as
2205
low as 316).
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 630 stainless steels have good corrosion resistance in many environments. They
exhibit improved resistance against stress corrosion cracking, if aged at 550°C or more.
However, grade 630 steels are less resistant to solution treated Condition A, and hence
these steels, even with considerable hardness, should not be used in this condition.
Heat Resistance
Grade 630 stainless steels have good resistance to oxidation. However, longtime
exposure of grade 630 to temperatures of 370 to 480°C should be avoided, to prevent
loss of toughness at ambient temperature. These grades should not be used at
temperatures above agehardening temperature, to avoid reduction of hardness and
mechanical properties of the metal.
Heat Treatment
Solution treatment (Condition A) — Grade 630 stainless steels are heated at 1040°C
for 0.5 h, then aircooled to 30°C. Small sections of these grades can be oil quenched.
Hardening — Grade 630 stainless steels are agehardened at low temperatures to
achieve the required mechanical properties. During the process, superficial discoloration
occurs followed by shrinkage at 0.10% for condition H1150, and 0.05% for condition
H900.
The table below shows the typical mechanical properties of grade 630 steels after
solution treatment and age hardening:
Table 6. Typical mechanical properties of grade 630 steels achieved after solution
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Stainless Steel - Grade 630
treating
Hardening
Typical Hardness Tensile Strength
Cond.
Rockwell C (MPa)
Temp (°C) Time (h)
A Ann 36 1100
H900 482 1 44
Welding
Grade 630 stainless steels can be welded using all conventional methods, and they do
not require preheating. Care should be taken in designing and welding of high strength
steels to prevent weldment stresses.
Machining
Grade 630 stainless steels can be machined in their solutiontreated condition. They
have machining rates similar to that of grade 304 steels.
Applications
Some of the major applications of grade 630 stainless steels include:
Engine components
High strength and boat propeller shafts
Plastic moulding dies
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Stainless Steel - Grade 630
Valves and gears
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