Introduction of environmental Science Lab (ENV107 Lab)

Assignment: 1
Group – A
Section-28
Topic1 - Tables, graphs regarding different coloured marbles and
some calculation (average and percentage)
Topic 2 - AQI reading of the particular day and some calculation
regarding thermal expansion.

Submitted To:
Sohana Shabnam
Assistant Professor
Department of Environmental Science and Management
North South University

Submitted By:
Name ID Topic 1 Topic 2
Md. Mahir Ajmal Mim 1520573030 Q3, Q4 Q6
Mahfuzur Rahman 1721668030 Q1, Q2 Q1
Zahra Marziah 18115886030 Q6 Q2, Q3
Omar Faruk Khan Rafi 1821166630 Q5 Q4, Q5

Date of Submission- October 17, 2021

Topic :1
Q1. Fill in data Table 1.1. In the missing information of the table. Write the title.
Table1.1-Total and average of all colours marbles.
Group Total no Number Number Number Number Number of Number of
Number of of white of purple of blue of red green marbles yellow marbles
marbles marbles marbles marbles marbles

1. A 288 80 32 35 42 47 52
2. B 412 78 33 85 75 84 57
3. C 343 56 54 30 65 63 75
4. D 384 63 74 45 66 54 82
5. E 333 24 36 66 89 40 78
Average 352 60.2 45.8 52.2 67.9 57.6 68.8

Q2. Fill in data Table 1.2. Write the title

Table1.2- The percentage of all colours marbles.

Group Total % of % of white % of purple % of blue % of red % of green % of
Number marbles marbles marbles marbles marbles marbles yellow
marbles
1. A 100 27.78 11.11 12.15 14.58 16.32 18.06
2. B 100 18.93 8.01 20.63 18.21 20.39 13.83
3. C 100 16.32 15.74 8.75 18.95 18.37 21.87
4. D 100 16.41 19.27 11.72 17.19 14.06 21.35
5. E 100 7.21 10.81 19.82 26.73 12.01 23.42
Average 100 17.33 12.988 14.614 19.132 16.23 19.706
Q3. What percentage of the total number of marbles in YOUR (Suppose that you belong to
any of these four groups and mention which one) sample was each of the colors? Make a
bar chart of the percentages of each color in your sample. Be sure to label your graph
properly in Microsoft Excel.
Table 1.2 bar chart for the group 1A:

PERCENTAGE OF EACH COLOR MARBLES FOR GROUP

30 27.78 1A
25
Percentage of mables

20 18.06
16.32
14.58
15 12.15
11.11
10

0
WHITE PURPLE BLUE MARBLES RED MARBLES GREEN YELLOW
MARBLES MARBLES MARBLES MARBLES
Marble color

Group 1A: Percentages of different color marbles

Q4. Make a bar chart for the average of all the four groups showing the percentages of
each color marble.
Answer no 4: Table 1.2 (Average Row Bar chart)

AVERAGE OF FOUR GROUPS

25

19.132 19.706
20
Percentage of mables

17.33
16.23
14.614
15 12.988

10

0
WHITE PURPLE BLUE RED GREEN YELLOW
Marble color

Group 1A: Average of all four groups

Question-5: If there are 4528 marbles in the large container in the front of the room, a)
how many marbles would be blue based on your sample, and b) how many marbles would
be blue based on the average of four groups?
Answer:
a) In our sample we have total 288 marbles, out of which 35 is blue.

Based on our sample, out of 4528 marbles, blue marbles would be

= (35*4528)/288
= 550.27 marbles

b) The average of blue marble is 52.2 when the average of total marble is 352

Based on the average of all groups, out of 4528 marbles blue marbles would be
= (52.2*4528)/352
= 671.48 marbles

Q6. If your sample contained 1000 liters of water from Hakaluki Haor and the volume of
Hakaloki Haor is 125,000,000 cubic meters, and each of the marbles represents fish of that
color, how many red fishes would you expect to find in the whole Haor based on your
sampling? Be sure to include your calculations in your answer.
Answer: Given,
Volume of Hakaloki Haor=125,000,000 cubic meters.
We know,
1000 liters=1 cubic meter (m3).
Now,
In 1 m3 sample of water from Hakaloki Haor, the number of red fishes in group A based on their
marbles are:
In group 1A: 42 red fishes.
So, the number of red fishes that we can expect to find in the Hakaloki Haor based on the
sampling of each group would be:
Group 1A: (42 x 125,000,000) = 5,250,000,000 red fishes.

Answer: Based on our sampling, we expect to find 5,250,000,000 red fishes in the whole Hair.
Topic 2
Question 1: Look at the AQI value for any five city (Including Dhaka) today and write it
down with health message and compare
Table-1. This table about air quality index level of health concern and its meaning of five important
cities of the world.
City Local Numerical Air quality Meaning
time Value index level
of Health
concern
Dhaka 9.04pm 156 Unhealthy Everyone may began to experience health
15 effect. Members of sensitive groups may
October experience more serious health effects.
2021
New York 11.26am 62 Moderate Air quality is accepted, however, for some
15 pollutants there may be a moderate health
October concern for a small number of people who are
2021 unusually sensitive to air pollution.
Oslo 7.44am 12 Good Air quality is considered satisfactory and air
16 pollution poses little or no risk.
October
16, 2021
Delhi 10.30am 223 Very Health warning for emergency condition. The
16 Unhealthy entire population more likely to be affected.
October
16, 2021
Lagos 2.00pm 105 Unhealthy Members of sensitive groups may experience
16 For Sensitive health effects. The general people are not
October Groups likely to affect.
2021

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh and it is the most populated city of this country. Not only
is that it the 9th populated city in the world. The main reason behind this is the huge population.
Every day huge amount of transports run by this city and it creates a huge amount of carbon
dioxide. The people of the city are not very concerned about the environment and the government
is also like the people. For this, the condition getting worse day by day. People are being affected
by different kinds of diseases. If we cannot stop ourselves from the pollution that it will very
difficult to live in this city. New York is a very popular city in USA.

Though it is a very busy city but comparably its air quality is good. And it is improving from last
several years. Oslo is a city of Norway. It is a very cold country. The current temperature is 4°C.
The government is very conscious about protecting the environment. So it helps them to ensure
good air quality. Delhi is a very busy city of India. About 30.02 million people live in this city.
More people mean more transportations which is the main reason for this bad air quality. The city
is very unhealthy for living. Lagos is the largest city of Nigeria and it also a very populated city of
Africa. It is the most important for the economy of Africa. For this, it is a very busy city. Many
people have to live there and also transports and other elements those are harmful to air quality.
Among all the cities Delhi, Dhaka, and Lagos will be placed for first, second, and third for
tremendous air pollution.

Question 2: Fill in the Information in Table 2

Answer:

Parameters Measurements and calculations

Volume of water (mL) 100

Mass of flask (g) 57.81

Mass of flask (g) + mass of water (g) 157.92

Mass of water (g) 100.11

Density of water (g/mL) 1.0011

[mass/volume]

Table 1: Measurements and reading for calculating the density of water at 24.6 0C.

Question 3: The approximate volume of water in the world’s oceans is 1.35X1024 cubic cm.
Assume that this is the same temperature as your room-temperature. Calculate the mass of
this much water
Answer:
Given, Volume of ocean water= 1.35 X 1024 cm3
Room temperature=24.60C (from the previous question)

Density =1.0011 g/ml (question 2)

= 1.0011g/cm3 (as, 1g/ml = 1g/cm3)
According to the equation,
Mass = Density X Volume
=(1.0011g/cm) X (1.35 X 1024 cm3 )
=1.351485 X 1024g
So, the mass of 1.35 X 1024 cm3 ocean water at 24.60C is 1.351485 X 1024 g.

Question.4: Now using the mass you obtained in Question 3 and the known density of water
at 40° C (0.9922 g/cm3), compute the volume of that mass of water. Show your work and
show the equation you used for your calculations.

Answer:

Given that,

For 40°C temperature, density is 0.9922g/cm3

From question 3 we got, Mass = 1.35x1024 g

Volume=?

According to the equation,

Density (d) = mass / volume

Volume= mass / density

Volume= (1.35x1024 g) / (0.9922 g/cm3)

=1.36x1024 cm3
Question.5: Translate your answer from Question 4 into an estimate of sea-level rise that
would result from such a temperature increase from room temperature to 400C.

Hints: Think of the world oceans as a large box to simplify this calculation. Given that the surface
area of the oceans is 3.61 x 1018 cm2, calculate the depth (in m) for the ocean at the two water
temperatures that you measured (room temperature and 400C). Volume at room temperature is
1.35 x 1024 cm3 and volume at 400 C is the volume you got in Question 4.

Answer:

We know,

The volume of the box = Surface area of the oceans * The depth of the box

At 40℃:

From question 4 we got, Volume = 1.36 × 1024 cm3

Given that, Surface area = 3.61 × 1018 cm2

Hence, depth of ocean water

= (Volume of the box / Surface area of the box)

= (1.36 × 1024 cm3 / 3.61 × 1018 cm2)
= 376731.302 cm
= (376731.302 / 100) m [As 100 cm = 1 m]
= 3767.31302 m

At room temperature 24℃:

Given that, Volume = 1.35 × 1024 cm3

Surface area = 3.61 × 1018 cm2

Hence, depth of ocean water

= (Volume of the box / Surface area of the box)

 = (1.35 × 1024 cm3 / 3.61 × 1018 cm2)
= 373961.219 cm
= (373961.219 / 100) m [100 cm = 1 m]
= 3739.61219m

So, due to the increase in temperature from 24℃ to 40℃, sea level will rise = (3767.31302m -
3739.61219m) = 27.70083 m

Question 6: Write down some impacts of sea-level rise in Bangladesh.

Answer: Sea-level is rising due to global warming, as a result many of countries in the world
are going to affect directly. However, the impacts over Bangladesh for rising sea-level has
discussed below.

1) Impact on SLR: In here, SLR shows the risk level for the coastal areas may go down
under the water due to sea-level rises. The right side figure shows that, southern part of
Bangladesh is in a high risk to shallow by the sea water. Furthermore, there has
environmental, economic, social, tangible and intangible various kind impact of SLR.
2) Salinity Intrusion & effect on Agriculture: Rising sea-level will first hit freshwater
resources what caused salinity intrusion. Nevertheless both water and surface salinity along
the coast will increase, soil will lose its fertility to grow crops. Report shows the data of
last 24 years, that the soil of Jessore, Narail, Faridpur, Gopalgonj, and Jhalokati has been
re-salinized slowly. However, a one-meter increase in sea level would accelerate the
expansion of the soil and water salinity region. Another observation of Ali (2005)
investigated the loss of rice production in a village of Satkhira district and found
that rice production in 2003 was 1,151 metric tons less than the year 1985.

3) Impacts on Health: The risk of water-borne diseases like as diarrhea, cholera, and other
diseases may increase as sea levels rise. Though, cholera is an infectious disease of the
human small intestine that is common in Bangladesh's coastal areas. The increasing of salty
seawater would lead limit coastal freshwater supply (IPCC, 2001a). As a result, being of
the scarcity of freshwater, people will be forced to drink polluted water, which will lead to
cholera, diarrhea, and other water-borne diseases.

4) Tourism: Bangladesh has largest sea beach in the world which is Cox’s Bazar and it
attracts tourists very much. Kuakata beach in Patuakhali district, Patenga beach in
Chittagong district are attractive tourist areas of the country. Bangladesh Parjatan
Corporation identified 18 most lucrative tourist areas where majority areas are coastal side
of Bangladesh, however the major five spots namely Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Kuakata,
Khulna and the Sundarbans are located in the coastal zone are in extreme risk to
destroy by SLR.

5) Frequent Natural Disaster: Environmental scientist and experts say that the result of
rising sea-level will occur natural disaster in Bangladesh frequently. Furthermore, sea
water will mix up with drinkable water then freshwater drinking sources no longer
available for human consumption. Flood will be a daily problem for Bangladesh. Rising
sea level may also cause other disasters too, like it has linked to occur earthquake as well.
6) Impacts on Fisheries and River: Bangladesh is a land of rivers and rising sea level will
shift the river estuary which changes fish population and breeding grounds. Harvesting
prawns will also be affected because of many prawn harvesting firm situated in coastal
areas. Moreover it grows in brackish water, where salt water and fresh water combine
prawn and shrimp harvest process won’t be possible. As a result Sea level rise will shift
this interface backward, changing prawn habitat.

7) Coastal Erosion: Coastal area experiencing erosion due to rising sea level. Because, it
erosion happens by Strong tidal action and storm surges, High wind waves and current
during monsoon, and High river discharge (central coastal zone). River erosion will
also be increased as well. However, there are no accurate measurements on coastal erosion
due to SLR. However, many researchers estimated the potential impacts of SLR on
erosions. For example, Islam et al. (1999) predicted that average recession of the
eastern coastline of Bangladesh would be about 87 times the SLR.

If that is true then the land loss is:

• 6.26 sq. km for SLR of 0.1 m
• 18.79 sq. km for SLR of 0.3 m
• 62.64 sq. km for SLR of 1.0 m

8) Socio-Economic Impact of Sea Level Rise & Unemployment issue: There has also
environmental impact of Sea level rise (SLR) has been evaluated from the Socio-economic
perspective. The nineteen coastal districts in Bangladesh which are on high risky
position in terms of socio economic vulnerability due to Sea level rise, around 35.1
million people are living in the coastal areas which are counted as 28 percent of total
population size of the country. Most of them are largely dependent on fishing, agriculture,
salt farming and shrimp cultivation. More specifically these area’s economic activities are
fully dependent on natural resources and environmental sustainability. If there has any
changes in environmental behavior can bring a significant impact on coastal economy. In
 this section the socio economic parameters of coastal zone that can be affected by the Sea
level rise has been highlighted for economic analysis.
River land erosion or the area gone under the water lead many people homeless, as a result
put pressure other area of Bangladesh to make shelter for these landless people. Here also
an another issue will come out which is unemployment, and that will be the crucial outcome
of Sea level rise in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. According to IPCC (2009), sea
level has rising for last 30 years at an average rate of 5 millimeters per year In
Bangladesh. After few years rising trend of sea level will triumph over the sea side
land and salinity attack the agricultural land and fresh water. The people those who are
relying on this type of economic activities like fishing, agriculture or dependent on salt
industry etc. will be unemployed.

9) Impacts on The Salt Industry: Bangladesh is one of the top salt producing nation in the
world. The risk factor over here is the salt producing firm are situated very near to the
coastal area and even on a side bank of sea beach. If the Sea level rises then this industry
also be washed out.

10) Impacts on The Ecosystem: The largest mangrove forest is Sundarbans which is situated
in coastal area of Bangladesh. If the sea level rises by meters then our world heritage would
be gone under the water and many animal, plants, micro-organism will be destroyed. The
ecosystem of our environment will be collapsed as a result temperature will be increased
which caused to melt glacier ices, arctic ices and the polar ices as well. Moreover, our
natural beauty Island Saint-Martin which is a coral Island will also be gone under the water.

These are the effects or impacts for Bangladesh if the sea level rises occurred.