TE 4103

Cellular Communication Systems

Modul 12 Standar CDMA2000 1x

Faculty of Electrical and Communication

Institut Teknologi Telkom
Bandung – 2010
1
2 CDMA 2000
 Radio transmission technology for the evolution of
narrowband cdmaOne/ IS-95 to 3G by adding up
multiple carriers
 Also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X).
 Backwards compatible with IS-95 (cdmaOne), a
principle reason for its likely adoption in existing
IS-95 networks.
3

New Terminology in CDMA2000

Spreading Rate 1 (1X)

Spreading Rate 3 (3X)
Multi-carrier (MC)
Transmit Diversity
Radio Configurations (RC)
 Persyaratan Spektrum
4

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz

IS-95 Saluran Maju IS-95 Saluran Balik

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz

CDMA2000-1X Saluran Maju CDMA2000-1X Saluran Balik

Guard Band Guard Band Guard Band Guard Band

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25

5 MHz
MHz 5 MHz

CDMA2000-3X Saluran Balik

CDMA2000-3X Saluran Maju
5
 Advantages of CDMA2000 :
Increased Voice Capacity
Higher Data Throughput
Frequency Band Flexibility
Increased Battery Life
Synchronization
Power Control
Soft Hand-off
Transmission Diversity
Voice and Data Channels
Traffic Channels
Supplemental Channels
Turbo Coding
Connectivity to ANSI-41, GSM-MAP, and IP
networks Full backward compatibility
Improved service multiplexing and QoS management
6 2G cdmaOne (IS-95 + IS-41)

BTS - Stasiun Pemancar Dasar

IS-95 BSC – Stasiun Kontrol Awal
MS – Stasiun Seluler
MSC-Pusat Pengalihan Seluler
HLR-Pendaftaran Lokasi
BTS Rumah
A Ref (A1, A2, A5) SMS-SC – Pesan Pendek
MS STM over T1/T3 Service – Pusat Pelayanan
BSC
STM – Mode Transfer Sinkron
Proprietary Interface HLR

STM over T1/T3 or

Ater Ref (A3, A7)
BTS AAL1 over SONET
PSTN
IS-95

A Ref (A1, A2, A5)

MSC
STM over T1/T3
BTS

MS BSC
SMS-
Proprietary Interface
SC
A1 – Antarmuka sinyal untuk kontrol panggilan dan A5 – Aliran byte antarmuka pembawadipleks penuh
Manajemen mobilitas antara MSC dan BSC (SMS)
A2 – 64 kbps pembawa untuk suara PCM A7 – Antarmuka pembawa untuk handoff seluler antar
A3 – Antarmuka pensyilanan untuk handoff seluler BSC
antar BSC
7 CDMA2000 1x Network

HLR
STM over T1/T3 or
IS-2000 AAL1 over SONET
PSTN
A Ref (A1, A2, A5) STM over
T1/T3
MSC
BTS

MS AQuarter Ref (A10, A11)

BSC SMS-
Proprietary Interface IP over Ethernet/AAL5
SC
Internet
BTS
IP IP IP
Router Firewall Router
BTS - Base Transceiver Station RADIUS over UDP/IP
BSC - Base Station Controller
MS - Mobile Station
MSC - Mobile Switching
Center HLR - Home Location
Privata
Registry SMS-SC - Short
Message Data
Service - Serving Center
AAA Home Network
STM – Synchronous Transfer
Agent
Mode PDSN – Packet Data Serving
Node
AAA – Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting PDSN
Home Agent – Mobile IP Home Agent
A10 – Bearer interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data
A11 – Signaling interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data
 SMC
HLR/AUC PSTN

BTS MSC

IP INTERNET
BSC ROUTE ROUTE
R
Backbone R

FW

BTS PDS
FW = Fire Wall P/PDN
PDSN = Packet Data Serving Node N
AAA = Authetication, Authorization, Accounting
HA = Home Agent
AAA

HA
9 CDMA 2000 evolusi jaringan
10 Air Interface CDMA 2000 Evolution
11 CDMA2000-1X
 CDMA 2000-1x is the first commercial available 3G IMT-
2000 standard - supports medium data rate wireless data.
 Capable of up to 153.6 kbps toward 307 kbps peak data
rate on a 1x (1.25 MHz bandwidth) carrier
 Doubles capacity for voice communications
 Offers 50% longer stand-by times
 Backwards compatible with cdmaOne (IS-95)
 Compatible with GSM-MAP and IS-41
 Also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X).
13 SALURAN FISIK PADA CDMA 2000-1X

Forward Link Reverse Link

Pilot (F-PICH)

Sync (F-SYNC) Pilot (R-PICH)

Paging Access (R-ACH)

Base Mobille Base Mobille
Station
Station Quick Paging (F-QPCH) Station Fundamental (R-FCH)
Station
Fundamental (F-FCH) Supplemental (R-SCH)

Supplemental (F-SCH)
14 Standard Evolution
YEAR ~2001 2002 2003 2004~
Standard

CDMA2000 1X
Rel. 0 : Nov. 1999
Rel. A : June, 2000
1x EV-DO. Rel. A
Rel. B : April, 2002
1X Increased voice capacity (x2)
Mar. 2004.
 FL Enhancement (3.072Mbps)
Up to 307.2 Kbps packet data  RL Enhancement(1.8432Mbps)
 FL/RL MAC Enhancement
 QoS Support
 Hybrid Operation
1x EV-DO. Rel.0  Generic Attribute Update Protocol
Oct.2000  Virtual Stream Protocol
 FL : Up to 2.4 Mbps
 Multi-mode Capability Protocol
packet data on a
 Encryption & Authentication
EV-DO single(1.25MHz) carrier
BCMCS
VT

Red circle: Commercial Launched

1x EV-DV. Rel. C 1x EV-DV. Rel. D

May,2002. Feb,2004.
 FL Enhancement (3.0912Mbps)  RL Enhancement (1.8456Mbps)
EV-  Fast Call Setup  Fast Call Setup
DV  Handoff Improvement  BCMC
 DV Control Hold Mode  Air QoS Support
 Authentication Enhancement  MEID
 Encryption & Message Integrity  Multiple Service Support ommercial Service
Not ready for C
15 CDMA Air Interface Evolution
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

R16.1/16.3R16.4R16.5 R17 R18 R19

CDMA2000 1X
1xEV-DV
IS-95A/B 1X FL & RL

CDMA2000 Rel A/B Rel C/D

14.4kbps 153kbps 3.1 / 1.8Mbps
Backward Compatible Technology Evolution for Data and Voice Services

1xEV-DO 1xEV-DO A
HRPD

2.4Mbps / 153Kbps 3.1 / 1.8 Mbps

Dedicated Carrier for Data Only Services, Not Backward Compatible With 1X Voice

Consider EV-DO A as a disruptive force on 1X !

 16 CDMA Industry – Chipset Evolution
2000
2000 2001 2002
2002 2003
2003 2004
2004 2005
2005 2006
2006

Chip
Chip
1X 1st Relst153 kbpsComrcl 1X
1X 1
Commercial
Commercia
Rel Demo/ lProduct
Product
Trials
DO-A
DO-A
Samples Network
EV-DO-0 Stds
Stds CSM
CSM Product
DO-0 DO-0
2.4Mbps Samp Product
153Kbps DO-A QCOM DO-A
DO-A
DO-A QCOM Samples
Development
Development Samples
MSM
MSM

EV-DV-D
EV-DV-D
3.1 Stds DV-D
DV-D EV-DV
EV-DV
3.1 Mbps
Mbps
1.8 Mbps Samp
Samp Product
Product
1.8 Mbps
DV QCOM
Development
17 CDMA Air Interface Standard
 18 CDMA2000 Network Evolution- Phase 1
• Phase 1 : LMSD (w/ TDM) Deployment
SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..)

BSC MSC GMSC

Circuit Network

G-WSS
IS-2000 IOS4.3 (A1) WSS SIP-T
PSTN/PLMN

Legacy MS Megaco
IOS4.3 (A2) IP QoS Network
TDM
IP WGW
WGW
IS-2000
IS-856
IP Network
PDSN
BSC PCF Internet
HAT BR

AAA
 Advantage: New Business Model Server HA
 IOS4.3, SIP-T supporting. (LMSD step
Signaling over IP
1)
* LMSD: Legacy Mobile Subscriber Domain Signaling over TDM
Voice Path over TDM
Packet Data Path
 19 CDMA2000 Network Evolution- Phase 2
• Phase 2 : IP based RAN, Initial
IMS Deployment SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..)

MSC G-MSC

IP-BSC Circuit Network

IS-2000
G-WSS
WSS
IOS5.0 (A1p) SIP-T

Legacy MS
IOS5.0 (A2p) Megaco
IP Qos Network PSTN/PLMN
IP
HSS WGW
IS-2000
WGW IMS-MGW
IS-856

IMS
HAT
IMS-Server
IP-BSC IMS-MRF Internet
BR
 Advantage: IMS deployment, LMSD step IMS-MGC
PCF
2 PDSN
 IOS5.0, SIP-T supporting.
• LMSD: Legacy Mobile Subscriber Domain
• IMS : IP Multimedia Subsystem Voice Path over IP
 IMS brings Signaling over IP
• Person-to-person real-time IP-based multimedia
AAA HA Voice Path over TDM
communications Server Signaling over TDM
• Different services and applications to interact Packet Data Path
 20 CDMA2000 Network Evolution-Current

BTS SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..)

BSC MSC GMSC

IS-2000 TDM Circuit Network PSTN/PLMN
Legacy MS

BTS PDSN
TDM BR
BTS
PCF Internet
Packet Network
IS-2000
IS-856

PDSN
BSC PCF O&M Server HA
AAA
HAT
Server
Voice Path
BTS Packet Data Path
Signaling
Signaling and Bearer
Bearer
21
 22 CDMA 2000-1x EV DO (Background)

‘Internet-like’ (i.e., tolerant of delays and asymmetric) data

service stimulates the existing of EV-DO which has:
a. directly connection to Packet Data Network,
b. new forward link structure designed to increase throughput.
The physical layer interface is incompatible with RTT.
Requires its own 1.25MHz carrier.
Time multiplexing rather than code multiplexing.
Migration of cdma2000 that provides a wireless technology that
enables a “wire-line equivalent” user experience (high data
rates) and economics (low cost per Megabyte)  Data
Only
 23 EV-DO Architecture
 EV-DO implementation is the same as 1X architecture
system but without using Mobile Switching Center
(MSC).
 EV-DO uses 1.25 MHZ carrier frequency (MC-1X)
 When users transmit data, data packets will be sent from
wireless device through air interface towards BTS. Data
packets then forwarded to BSC. BSC will forward data to
PCF, who will forward it to PSDN.
 For receiving data, data packets for users will be
prepared in the provider’s IP network then forwarded by
PDSN to PCF/BSC
 Cell site, towers, antenna share carrier frequency
between 1x and 1xEV-DO.
 1xEV-DO can reach peak rate 2.4Mbps on forward link
(from BS to device), and 153.6 Kbps on reverse link
(from device to BS)
 1x and 1xEV-DO uses the same PDSN in the network.
24 1xEVDO -- IP Data Only

IP BTS - IP Base Transceiver Station

IP BSC - IP Base Station Controller
IS-2000
AAA - Authentication, Authorization,
and Accounting
PDSN - Packet Data Serving Node
Home Agent - Mobile IP Home Agent
IP
BTS

Internet

IP IP
Firewall Router
IP BSC IP
Router
IS-2000

RADIUS over UDP/IP

Privata
IP Data
BTS Network

AAA PDSN Home

Agent
25 EV-DO System Components

1. Wireless Device
• PC Card or fixed external device
• Public switched telephones, PDA or computers.
2. Access Network
BTS, PCF Packet Control Function and BSC
Service Network
MSC, PDSN
26 EV-DO The Wireless Internet
 Optimized for high speed data (peak data
rate of 2.4 Mbps)
 Uses one 1.25 MHz channel
 System provides packet data access service
by routing IP data to & from the internet
27 EV-DO Platform Considerations

Connectivity devices:
 Provides a link to wireless data network
 Enable modems with standard interfaces to
other devices

Platform devices:
 Wirelessly enabled by:
– integrating wireless capability into the device
hardware
– using connectivity devices
 Support a variety of data applications
 Provide developers with an environment to build
software and services for the platform
28 EV-DO Content & Applications
 Ensuring appeal & good performance of the
applications & multimedia services
 Interoperability considerations
 29 EV-DO Konten & Aplikasi
Jaringan Tingkat Max Unduh
Data Waktu
GSM 9.6 Kbps 41 menit

IS95-A 14.4 Kbps 31 menit Teknologi Jaringan Biaya Per

CDMA Mbyte
GPRS $.415
GPRS 45 Kbps 9 menit

IS95-B 64 Kbps 6 menit W-CDMA $.069

CDMA
CDMA2000 307 Kbps 1.5 menit
1x CDMA2000 1x $.059
W-CDMA 384 Kbps 61 detik
CDMA2000-1xEV-DO $.022
CDMA2000 2.4 Mbps 11 detik
- 1xEV-DO

Biaya per Mbyte untuk Jaringan Nirkabel yang Berbeda

Download Waktu 3 menit MP3 file

30 Kecepatan Data
Kecepatan Data Modulasi Ec/No

38.4kbps QPSK -12.5dB

76.8kbps QPSK -9.5dB
153.6kbps QPSK -6.5dB
307.2kbps QPSK -4.0dB
614.4kbps QPSK -1.0dB
921.6kbps QPSK 1.3dB
1228.8kbps QPSK 3.0dB
1843.2kbps 8PSK 7.2dB
2457.6kbps 16QAM 9.5dB
31 CDMA2000-1X EV-DV
 Supports both voice and data services over
a standard (1X) CDMA channel
 Provides up to twice the capacity of
earlier CDMA2000 systems
 Accommodate the continuing growth of voice
services as well as new wireless Internet services
 Provides peak data rates of up to 153 kbps
(and up to 307 kbps in the future), without
sacrificing voice capacity for data capabilities.
32 EV-DV Key Technology Benefits
 Support 3.1 Mbps peak data rate per sector
 Support real-time & non real-time data services
 Backward compatible to IS-95A/B &
CDMA2000 1X
 Support of voice & data in the same carrier
 Natural, standardized evolution of
CDMA technology
 Enable unique features for CDMA operators
33 EV-DV Requirements & Architecture
 Higher Forward Link Capacity
 Voice Service and Concurrent Voice/Data Support
 Multiple Concurrent Traffic Types
 Backward Compatibility with CDMA2000
 Efficient support of all data services (e.g. VoIP)
 Multiple Concurrent Traffic Types
– Subscriber can operator multiple PC applications
simultaneously
 Efficient support of all data services (e.g. VoIP)
– Flexible TDM/CDM scheduling (TDM for ftp, etc.
and CDM for WAP, VoIP, streaming video, etc.)
EV-DV KOMPIBILITAS MUNDUR
34 Kompabilitas Mundur dengan CDMA2000

Operator memiliki opsi untuk overlay 1xEV-DV pada operator

yang sama seperti mendukung IS-95A/B atau 1X.
Hal ini memungkinkan operator untuk mengontrol migrasi dan
menyesuaikanpenggunaan spektrum.
35 1XEVDV -- IP Data and Voice

SIP SCTP/IP SS7

IS-2000 S IP SGW
MGCF
P ro x
y (Softswitch) P ST N
H.248 (Maybe MGCP)
SIP

IP Circuit switched voice

Packet switched voice
BT MGW
S

Internet

IP IP SIP Proxy – Session Initiation

IP Firewal Router Protocol Proxy Server
BSC PDSN + l
MGCF – Media Gateway Control
Router Function
IS-2000
SGW – Signaling Gateway (SS7)
MGW – Media Gateway (Voice)

Nextgen MSC Privata

? Data
IP Network
BT
S

AAA
Home
Ag e n t
36 The Future of CDMA Services
The CDMA2000 family meets the marketplace’s demand for voice and
data services.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
 Peak 2.4 Mbps Packet Data  Peak 3.1Mbps Packet Data HIGH DATA RATE & CAPACITY
 Data Only Services  VoIP and Data Services
 Non Real-time Services  Real-time Services

E-MAIL
w/ Attachment Live Video
S/W Broadcast
Download
Music Video
Download Conference
1xEV-DO 1XEV-DO
Rev. A

NON-REAL TIME
Full Web Browsing R
Interactive E
E-MAIL Gaming A
Multi-Media L
Messaging
TI
IS-95 1X 1xEV-DV Location Based
Transaction
Services
Download Based Apps
Voice
Ringers
SMS

CDMA2000 1X CDMA2000 1xEV-DV

 2X Voice Capacity  Peak 3.1 Mbps Data
 Peak 153.6 Kbps Data  Simultaneous Voice & Data LOW-MED DATA & CAPACITY
 Real-Time Multi-Media Services

Adopting technology somewhat like waiting for computer prices to come down??
 3G deployment in the world

Vodafone （ 2011 ）
T-Mobile （ 2010 ）
Verizon （ 2009 ） KDDI
AT&T W （ 2010 ） NTT DoCoMo
（ 2010 ）
China Mobile
China Telecom

HSDPA HSPA+ DL>40MBps;

WCDMA HSDPA 7.2Mbps UL>10Mbps LTE FDD DL:100Mbps UL:50Mbps
384Kbps 1.8/3.6Mbps HSUPA
1.4~5.8Mbps

TD-HSPA+ LTE TDD

DLLT:E100Mbps
DL:>25.2Mbps
TD-HSDPA TD-HSUPA TUDL:D510Mbps
UL:>19.2Mbps
2.8~8.4Mbps 2.2~6.6Mbps LTE TDD2

D0 Rel. A DL: 3.1Mbps UL: 1.8MbpsDo Rev B (Multi Carrier DO)

EV-DO Rel. 0 DL: 2.4Mbps UL:153.6kbps
cdma2000 1x DL ： 46.5Mbps UL: 27Mbps
153.6kbps
 Trend of B3G

B3G ITU
GPRS/EDGE GREAN IMT-Advanced(4G)
~200kbps ~600kbps

HSPA+ LTE-FDD
HSDPA DL>40MBps; LTE+
WCDMA 7.2Mbps UL>10Mbps FDD/TDD
HSDPA DL:100Mbps
384Kbps HSUPA UL:50Mbps
1.8/3.6Mbps
1.4~5.8Mbps

100Mbps~
TD-HSPA+ 1Gbps
DL:>25.2Mbps
TD-HSDPA TD-HSUPA UL:>19.2Mbps
LTE-TDD
3GPP DL:100Mbps
2.8~8.4Mbps 2.2~6.6Mbps UL:50Mbps

Mobile Mobile 16m

WiMAX WiMAX
WIMAX Wave1 Wave2
100Mbps
15Mbps ~1Gbps
30Mbps

cdma2000 Do Rev B
EV-DO Rel. 0 D0 Rel. A （ 多载波 DO）
1x DL: 2.4Mbps DL: 3.1Mbps DL：46.5Mbps
153.6kbps UL:153.6kbps UL: 1.8Mbps UL: 27Mbps

3GPP2
 4G Technologies

Mobile WiMAX

Rel 1.0 802.16e-2005 Rel 1.5 802.16e-2005 Rel 2.0 802.16m

IP E2E Network
3GPP IMT-
Advanced

HSPA Rel-6 HSPA+ Rel-7 &Rel-8

CKT Switched Network

LTE & LTE Advanced

IP E2E Network

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

CDMA - Based OFDMA - Based

driven by data rate and latency
requirements