RADIO-BASED Instruction (Mathematics 7)

Grade Level and Learning Area: Grade 7 – Mathematics

Topic: understanding of key concepts of SETS
Format: School-on-the-Air
Length:
Scriptwriter: AIVE A. QUIAPO
Objective: At the end of the session, the Grade 7 students in Mathematics are expected to:
• define well- defined sets
• illustrates subset, universal set, null set and cardinality of set
• illustrates union of sets, intersection of sets and the difference of two sets

Lesson: Quarter 1 Week 1

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Greetings Hello, good morning Grade 7 students! You are now tuning in to School-
on –the-Air in Mathematics 7 in iCARE Fm.
. This is Teacher Aive Quiapo from Alegria National High School and
it is my pleasure to be with you on this exciting lesson towards
determining a well- defined set.
While tuning in, make sure that you are in a place wherein you are
comfortable and can hear our broadcast. I hope you listen carefully so
you can understand well our lesson for today. Just sit back and relax!
For now, prepare yourself, get a pen and your printed Learning
Activity Sheet in Quarter 1 Week 1 Mathematics 7

Our first lesson is about “Determining A well-defined Set”. All right let’s
start now.

Introduction of For our first lesson in this subject, you are expected to define a well-
the New lesson defined set. To be able to do this, we will need your active cooperation.
in LAS# 1 Can we expect that from you? Great!.. All grade 7 students this is your
lesson #1 of Week 1.

What comes in your mind when you heard the word SET? (PAUSE)
That’s it! You thought it is a group.
Don’t you know that you are surrounded by many sets? In fact you are
always dealing with some sets and yet you didn’t expect that this time
come, you will really need to study them because there are many groups
or sets that were not considered as well- defined set.

Can you give some sets you know? (PAUSE)Yes correct!

You have there in your LAS examples, a set of Covid Vaccine, a set of
books and a set of dishes. These are some examples of sets.

How do you determine that a given set is a well- defined set? (Pause)
Exactly! If the objects in a group do share common characteristics,
then it is a well-defined set.
What do we call those objects contained in a set? (PAUSE)
Very good
!! The objects contained in the set are called elements.

A set can be named using capital letters like A,B, C,D,…Z and we use
braces { } to group the elements of set separated by commas.

If a set contains many elements, we often use three dots, …,

What do we call that three dots?(Pause) Very good! That is called
ellipsis. This is to indicate the remaining elements that are not being
shown. Like the given example#1 and #4 in your LAS. Example# 1.The
set of all odd numbers. The set was name as set O, a capital letter O.
 Set O contains the elements of 1,2,3, so on and so forth.
O = { 1,2,3,…}
Example #4. The set of all multiples of 3. The set was name as set T, a
capital letter T. Set T contains the elements of 3,6,9 so on and so forth.
T= { 3,6,9,…}

And please take note Grade 7 students in listing the elements of the set,
each distinct element is listed once and use small letters for it.

Like the given examples #2 and #3. Example #2 The set of primary
colors. The set was name as set M, a capital letter M. Set M contains the
word red, yellow and blue which were written in all small letters.
M = { red, yellow, blue}

Another example #3 The set of letter in the word “assume”. The set was
name as set A, a capital letter A. As you can see, set A contains the
elements of small letters a,s,u,m and e. The element s is listed once
only.
A = {a,s,u,m,e}

And listing as well the order of the element does not matter. However in
listing the numbers as elements
we often arranged it in increasing order to easily write all the elements.
Like the given examples #1 and 4 that was explained a while ago.

Here are also some examples that are not well-defined sets.
The set of all large numbers, the set of good writers, and the set of nice
people in your class.

These sets are not well defined since people will have different points of
view on large numbers, good writers and nice people.

I hope you’ve learned more from this.

Instruction for At this moment, I want you to refer with your activity or task in your
Activity 1 Learning Activity.

Determine whether each of the following sets is well-defined or NOT.

Write your answer in the space provided before the number.

1.) The set of all even numbers from 2 to 10.

2.) The set of all factors of 18.
3.) The set of responsible citizens.
4.) The set of letters in the word “FATHER”.
5.) The set of hardworking frontliners.
6.) The set of tasty food.
7.) The set of planets in our solar system.
8.) The set of durable bags.
9.) The set of consonants in the English alphabet.
10.) The set of even counting numbers.

Are you done? Congratulations! I hope you got the correct answer.
New lesson in Let us now proceed to LAS#2, did you find it?
LAS 2 Illustrate subset, universal set null set and cardinality of set.

Here are some examples of universal set. Please see your LAS for the
elements.
1. Set U contains the set of whole numbers.
U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,910, …}
2. Set U contains the set of all letters of the English alphabet.
U= { a,,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z}

Can you define now the universal set? (PAUSE) Right!The universal set U is
the set that contains all objects under consideration.
Give me some example of universal sets and write it in your notes.

At this time let’s tackle the SUBSETS

Given any two sets A and B, if every element in A is also an element in B, then
A is a subset of B. Please see your LAS for the symbol of subset.
*Note: Every set is a subset of itself and an empty set is also a subset of every
set.
Please see the given example in your LAS:

Now let’s move to NULL SET

A set with no element is an empty set or null set. Kindly see your LAS for the
symbol of null set.
Example:
1. Set T is the set of counting numbers between 1 and 2.
We know there is no other counting number between 1 and 2. That is why
set T is a null set or empty set. Kindly refer your LAS for the symbol.
T = { } or T = ∅
2. Set M is the set of months with 35 days. M = { } or I = ∅
We also know that there is no month with 35 days. That is why set M is also a
null set or an empty set.

How about the CARDINALITY OF SETS?

The cardinal number of set A is the number of elements in set A. Please refer
to your LAS for the symbol. Thus, in A = {1, 3, 5, 7}, n(A) = 4 because set A
contains 4 elements.
Example: Find the cardinality of the following sets.
1. Set D is the set of vowels in the English alphabet.
Can you determine the cardinality of set D?(PAUSE) Yes, exactly. n(D) is 5
because there are only 5 vowel letters in English alphabet. Those are a, e, i, o
and u.
2. Set R is the set of letters in the word “difficulty”.
What is the cardinality of set R?(PAUSE) Very good! Nn(R) is 8.Why
is it?(PAUSE) That’s it! Because in the word “difficulty” you can just
write the letter i and f once only.

Did you get it? Great! Are you ready for our next activity?

Instruction for So, let us proceed to the next activity to check how far is your knowledge about
Activity 2 the topic. Are you ready now?
Activity :
Given the sets in your LAS, write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answer in the space provided before the
number. Kindly see your LAS for this activity.
 S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … , 10} V = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}
O = {d, a, y} I = {r, o, s, e}
L = {3, 6, 9, 12} N = {roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits}
G = {Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune}
________ 1. The cardinality of Set G is 8.
________ 2. {5, 15, 25} is a subset of Set V.
________ 3. {8} is a subset of Set L.
________ 4. The cardinality of Set O is 7.
________ 5. The number of elements in Set N is 5.
_________ 6. {s, u, n} is a subset of Set G.
_________ 7. An empty set or { } is a subset of Set N.
_________ 8. The cardinality of Set I is 10.
_________ 9. {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} is a subset of Set S.
________ 10. One of the subsets of Set N and Set G is a ∅

Well Done! I know you can do it. Can we now proceed to LAS 3?

New lesson in In LAS #3 we are going to perform Operation on sets.

LAS 3 And our objective is to illustrate union and intersection of sets and the
difference of two sets.

UNION OF SETS
The union of sets A and B is the set of elements that are members of A, or
members of B, or members of both A and B. Kindly see your LAS for the
symbol of the UNION of sets A and B.
Example:
1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}, then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. If A = {a, b, c, d, e} and B = {a, e, i, o, u}, then A ∪ B = {a, b, c, d, e, i, o, u}
3. If A = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday} and B = {Saturday,
Sunday}, then A∪B = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
Saturday, Sunday}

Now let’s move to the INTERSECTION OF SETS

The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all elements common to both
sets A and B. Kindly see your LAS for the symbol.
Example:
1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}, then A ∩ B = {1, 2}
Since only 1 and 2 are the common elements found in both sets A and
B.
2. If A = {a, b, c, d, e} and B = {a, e, i, o, u}, then A ∩ B = {a, e}
Since only a and e are the common elements to both sets A and B.
3. If A = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday} and B =
{Saturday, Sunday}, then A∩B = { } or ∅ .
Since there is no common element to both sets A and B.

Okay! Grade 7 Students, are you still listening?

At this time we’re going to discuss the last operation of sets.
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS
The difference of sets A and B is a set of elements in A that are not in B. Kindly
see your LAS for the symbol.
Example:
1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}, then A – B = {3} since only the element
of 3 is NOT in set B, while, B – A = {4, 5, 6}. Since the elements 4,5 and 6 are
NOT in set A.
2. If A = {a, b, c, d, e} and B = {a, e, i, o, u}, then A – B = {b, c, d} since
 elements b,c and d are NOT in set B, while B – A = {i, o, u}. Since elements i, o
and u are NOT in set A.
3. If A = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday} and B = {Saturday,
Sunday}, then A – B = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday}
since these 5 days are NOT in set B, while B – A = {Saturday, Sunday}. Since
Saturday and Sunday are NOT in set A.

We are done, are you excited? Let’s learn together and answer our last
activity.
Instruction for Now it’s time for you to perform.
Activity 3
Perform the following operations on sets. Please see your LAS for this
activity.
Given:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
C = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
1. A ∩ C = ____________________________
2. B ∩ C = ____________________________
3. A ∩ B = ____________________________
4. A ∪ B = ____________________________
5. B ∪ C = ____________________________
6. A ∪ C = __________________________________
7. A – C = ___________________________________
8. B – C = ___________________________________
9. A – B = ___________________________________
10. C – A = _________________________________
Congratulations! Well done my dear learners.
Reminders and Make sure you have answered all the questions in our activities. I hope
Goodbyes you get a high score!
That ends our session for today . I hope you enjoyed our class. If you
have any clarifications or questions, please write it down as well and
send it to my mobile number and messenger that was given during the
first day of school.
Once again this is teacher Aive, until next time,
This is School-on-the-Air in Mathematics 7 in iCARE Fm.
Good Day, every one and be safe always! God Bless!