11/05/2021

Facultad de Ingeniería Química

Curso: Química de los Alimentos

“El agua en los alimentos - A”

Ponente Guía: Leynard Natividad, Ph.D.
Fecha: 11/05/2021
Hora: 08:00 am Peru (9:00 pm Western Australia)

Estructura de la Cátedra
Primera Parte

Repaso de la Clase 1

Agua (Químico)

Segunda Parte

Agua en los alimentos

Cuestionario (1 pregunta)

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Repaso

Los alimentos son sustancias de naturaleza compleja que contienen los

elementos necesarios para el mantenimiento de las funciones vitales.

Seguridad alimentaria

Ciencia de los alimentos

Ingeniería
Biología
Interdisciplinaria
Bacteriología
Química

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Composición de los alimentos

https://repositorio.ins.gob.pe/xmlui/bitstream/handle/INS/1
034/tablas-peruanas-QR.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

Valor calórico

https://www.tuasaude.com/es/calorias-de-los-alimentos/
https://www.foodspring.es/magazine/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/10/Tabla-calorica-en-
PDF.pdf

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Química del Agua

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Recordemos!

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Gilbert N. LEWIS

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Applications of Lewis Structure

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Molecular Shapes

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Application of the molecular kit

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water (agua) Number of Lone

pair on the
central atom = 2

Number of electron groups

around central atom = 4 19

Water
Electron Group Geometry Molecular Geometry

Bent

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https://chemagic.org/molecules/amini.html

Between NON-
POLAR substances
Intermolecular forces:

• Dispersion (London) forces Properties

• Dipole – dipole attraction • Boiling point

• Solubility
• Hydrogen bonding Between POLAR
substances
• Ion-dipole attraction
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Water Properties

The strongest IMF <> Higher boiling point

Why is hexane insoluble in water?
“The attraction between hexane and water molecules is only weak
and cannot overcome the dispersion forces between hexane
molecules and the hydrogen bonding between water molecules”

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Acetone in water
(DIPOLE-DIPOLE ATTRACTION)
δ-
δ+
O
δ+
δ- H H δ -
O O

C C
H3C CH3 H3C CH3 24

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Diethylamine in water
(HYDROGEN BONDING)
δ-
δ+
O
δ+
H H δ-
δ-
δ+H N
H N CH2CH3
CH2CH3
O δ - CH2CH3
CH2CH3
δ+ δ+
H H 25

Sketch of ION-DIPOLE
H ATTRACTION FOR CATIONS
H
O
H

K+
O

O
H

O
H H 26

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O
H H
Cl-
Sketch of
ION-DIPOLE
ATTRACTION
FOR ANIONS
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