The Ruby Idiom

The Ruby Idiom
Ben Hughes
@rubiety
http://benhugh.es
Friday, April 22, 2011

“Ruby is
designed to make
programmers happy”
- Matz

Aesthetic Elegance
Very Idiomatic
Loose Syntax
Extremely Dynamic
Expressive

Blocks

people.each do |person|
puts person.name
end
1.upto(10) do |i|
puts "Counting #{i}"
end
5.times { puts "Hello" }

open "people.txt" do |file|
file.each_line do |line|
puts line.split(",").first
end
end

users.select {|u| u.age >= 21}.map(&:name).sort

class Person
end
Person.class # => Class
nil.class # => NilClass

true.class # => TrueClass

Open Classes

class String
def blank?
self == ""
end
end

class Numeric
def seconds
self
end
def minutes
self * 60
end 12.hours.from_now
def hours
self * 3600 2.minutes + 30.seconds
end
def from_now
Time.now + self
end
end
# Yes, Be Evil:
class Numeric
def +(another)
self - another
end
end
4 + 2 # => 2
Executable Declarations
zsh$
class Person
def name
@name
end
if Superpowers.enabled?
def give_superpowers
@ability = "Fly"
end
end
end
class Model
def self.acts_as_tree
define_method :parent do
find(parent_id)
end
define_method :children do
where(:parent_id => self.id)
end
end
end
class Category < Model

acts_as_tree @category.parent
end @category.children

Module Mix-ins

module Jazz
class Chord
end
class Scale
end
end
Jazz::Chord.new
Jazz::Scale.new
module FilePersistence
def load_from(path)
end
end
class MusicCollection
include Enumerable
include FilePersistence
end
@collection = FileCollection.new
@collection.load_from "songs"
@collection.each do |song|
song.play
end
Isn’t too much freedom a
bad thing?

In Theory? Yes.
In Practice?
It’s not as bad as you
would think...

Greater Good vs. Greater Evil
Solution
Space (Good)
Evil

Greater Good vs. Greater Evil
Solution Space (Good)
Pitfalls
(Evil)

Overlapping Safety
Safety/
Confidence
from Static
Typing

Overlapping Safety
SafetySafety/Confidence
from from
Static Typing Test Suite

Domain-Specific Languages
• Sub-Languages of Ruby for particular purposes

• High-Level Abstractions
• Captures Knowledge in an Extremely Readable Way

Markaby::Builder.new.html do
head { title "Boats.com" }
body do
h1 "Boats.com has great deals"
ul.specials do
li "$49 for a canoe"
li "$39 for a raft"
li "$29 for a huge boat"
end
end
end

<html>
<head><title>Boats.com</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Boats.com has great deals</h1>
<ul class="specials">
<li>$49 for a canoe</li>
<li>$39 for a raft</li>
<li>$29 for a huge boat</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

class Payment
state_machine :state, :initial => :new do
event :authorize do
transition :new => :authorized
end
event :capture do
transition :authorized => :captured
end
before_transition any => :authorize, :do => :authorize_card

before_transition any => :capture, :do => :capture_card
end
end
@payment = Payment.new
@payment.state # => "new"
@payment.authorize!
@payment.capture!
@payment.captured? # => true

class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :comments
scope :published, where(published: true)
validates :title, :presence => true

validates :content, :length => { minimum: 50 }
end
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base

belongs_to :article
validates :name, :email, :comment, :presence => true
def approve!
update_attribute :approved, true
end
end

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_attached_file :avatar, styles: {
medium: "300x300>",
thumb: "100x100>"
}
end
<% form_for(@user) do |f| %>

<%= f.file_field :avatar %>
<% end %>
@user.avatar.url(:medium)

Chord['Ebmaj7'].notes
Chord['maj7'].in_key_of('Eb').notes
# => ['Eb', 'G', 'Bb', 'D']
Scale['Whole Tone'].notes
# => ['C', 'D', 'E', 'F#', 'G#', 'Bb']
Scale['Major'].in_key_of('Eb').modes['Dorian'].notes
# => ['F', 'G', 'Ab', 'Bb', 'C', 'D', 'Eb']
Scale['Major']['Dorian'].chords.symbols
# => ['min7', 'min6']
Chord['Amin7'].modes.names
# => ['A Dorian']

every 3.hours do
command "/usr/bin/my_great_command"
end
every 1.day, :at => ['4:30 am', '10:30 am'] do

runner "MyModel.task_to_run"
end
every :hour do
runner "SomeModel.ladeeda"
end
every :sunday, :at => '12pm' do

runner "Task.do_something_great"
end

Person.joins { articles.comments }.where {{
articles.comments => (
id.in([1,2,3]) | body.matches('First post!%')
)
}}.to_sql
=> SELECT "people".* FROM "people"

INNER JOIN "articles" ON "articles"."person_id" = "people"."id"
INNER JOIN "comments" ON
"comments"."article_id" = "articles"."id"
WHERE (("comments"."id" IN (1, 2, 3)
OR "comments"."body" LIKE 'First post!%'))

C mmunity

Cohesive & Active
Common Style/Idiom
Focuses on Quality
Passionate About Tools
Testing Your Software

Test Your
Damn Software

describe User do
before do
@user = User.create(:login => "joe", :password => "pw")
end
it "should be invalid without username" do

@user.username = ""
@user.should_not be_valid
@user.should have(1).error_on(:username)
end
it "should destroy" do
expect { @user.destroy }.to change { User.count }.by(-1)
end
end

describe Key do
it "should default to C" do
Key.default.name.should == "C"
end
it "should expose 12 primary keys" do

Key.should have(12).primaries
end
it "should treat Eb and D# as enharmonic" do

Key['Eb'].should be_enharmonic_with(Key['D#'])
end
end

It’s a great time to learn Ruby
• Rails 3 recently released - very solid!
• Ruby 1.9 - Runs on a proper VM and very fast
• Bundler / RVM for Ruby and Gem dependencies
• Other Rubies maturing:
JRuby, MacRuby, Rubinius
• Deployment easy with mod_rails or Heroku
• Strong community with resources/help
“Ruby fits my brain
like a glove”
- David Heinemeier Hansson
“Power with clarity

and choice”
- Glenn Vanderburg
Resources
• http://tryruby.org
• http://rubykoans.com
• http://sdruby.org
Ben Hughes
@rubiety
http://benhugh.es

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The Ruby Idiom

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

5.times { puts "Hello" }

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Person.class # => Class

nil.class # => NilClass

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

class Category < Model

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Solution Space (Good)

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

• Sub-Languages of Ruby for particular purposes

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

before_transition any => :authorize, :do => :authorize_card

@payment.captured? # => true

scope :published, where(published: true)

validates :title, :presence => true

class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base

validates :name, :email, :comment, :presence => true

Friday, April 22, 2011

<% form_for(@user) do |f| %>

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

every 1.day, :at => ['4:30 am', '10:30 am'] do

every :sunday, :at => '12pm' do

Friday, April 22, 2011

=> SELECT "people".* FROM "people"

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

Friday, April 22, 2011

it "should be invalid without username" do

Friday, April 22, 2011

it "should expose 12 primary keys" do

it "should treat Eb and D# as enharmonic" do

Friday, April 22, 2011

“Power with clarity

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