GreekOllendorffExercises01 96

FIRST LESSON
6. Exercises
I. Render into English
Οἰκία A house Σκιαῖς With shadows
Ἡ οἰκία The house Ἑστία A hearth
Οἰκίας Of a house Ἡ ἑστία The hearth
Τῆς οἰκίας Of the house Ἑστίας Of a hearth
Οἰκίαι Houses Τῇ ἑστίᾳ With the hearth
Αἱ οἰκίαι The houses Τὴν ἑστίαν Towards the hearth
Οἰκιῶν Of houses Ἑστίαι Hearths
Τῶν οἰκιῶν Of the houses Τῶν ἑστιῶν Of the hearths
Σκιά A shadow Θύρα A door
Ἡ σκιά The shadow Ἡ θύρα The door
Τῆς σκιᾶς Of the shadow Τῆς θύρας Of the door
Τῇ σκιᾷ With the shadow Θύραν Towards a door
Σκιαί Shadows Αἱ θύραι The doors
Αἱ σκιαί The shadows Θύραις With doors
Σκιῶν Of shadows Τὰς θύρας Towards the doors
Τῶν σκιῶν Of the shadows
II. Render into Greek
A house Οἰκία Of a hearth Ἑστίας
The house Ἡ οἰκία Of the hearth Τῆς ἑστίας
Of the house Τῆς οἰκίας Of hearths Ἑστιῶν
Of the houses Τῶν οἰκιῶν Of the hearths Τῶν ἑστιῶν
The houses Αἱ οἰκίαι To the hearths Ταῖς ἑστίαις
With the houses Ταῖς οἰκίαις A shadow Σκιά
A door Θύρα The shadow Ἡ σκιά
Of a door Θύρας Shadows Σκιαί
With the door Τῇ θύρᾳ The shadows Αἱ σκιαί
With the doors Ταῖς θύραις Of the shadows Τῶν σκιῶν
Of the doors Τῶν θυρῶν Of a shadow Σκιᾶς
The doors Αἱ θύραι With the shadow Τῇ σκιᾷ
Doors Θύραι With shadows Σκιαῖς
A hearth Ἑστία
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SECOND LESSON
9. Exercises
Σκιά A shadow Θύρα A door
Ἡ σκιά The shadow Ἡ θύρα The door
Ἡ στοά The porch Αἱ θύραι τῆς οἰκίας The doors of the
house
Ἡ στοὰ τῆς οἰκίας The porch of the Τῶν θυρῶν τῆς Of the doors of the
house οἰκίας house
Τῆς οἰκίας αἱ στοαί The porches of the Ἡ ἑστία The hearth
house
Σκιὰ θύρας A shadow of a door Ἡ ἑστία τῆς οἰκίας The hearth of the
house
Σκιὰ τῆς θύρας A shadow of the Ταῖς ἑστίαις τῶν With the hearths of
door οἰκιῶν the houses
Τῶν θυρῶν σκιαί Shadows of the Ἑστίαι οἰκιῶν Hearths of houses
doors
Αἱ σκιαὶ τῶν θυρῶν The shadows of the Αἰ ἑστίαι τῶν The hearths of the
doors οἰκιῶν houses
Ταῖς σκιαῖς τῶν With the shadows of
οἰκιῶν the houses
A door Θύρα With the shadows of Ταῖς σκιαῖς τῶν
the doors θυρῶν
The door Ἡ θύρα A hearth Ἑστία
A door of a house Θύρα οἰκίας Of the hearth Τῆς ἑστίας
The doors of a Αἱ θύραι οἰκίας To or for the hearths Ταῖς ἑστίαις
house
Doors of houses Θύραι οἰκιῶν Of the hearth of the Τῆς ἑστίας τῆς
house οἰκίας
The doors of the Αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶν The hearths of the Αἱ ἑστίαι τῶν
houses houses οἰκιῶν
The shadows Αἱ σκιαί The door of the Ἡ θύρα τῆς οἰκίας
porch
Of the shadows Τῶν σκιῶν The shadows of the Αἱ σκιαὶ τῆς στοᾶς
porch
The shadow of the Ἡ σκιὰ τῆς οἰκίας The porches of the Αἱ στοαὶ τῆς οἰκίας
house house
Of the shadow of Τῆς σκιᾶς τῆς οἰκίας A porch of a house Στοὰ οἰκίας
the house
To the shadow of Τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς θύρας Porches of houses Στοαὶ οἰκιῶν
the door
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3
THIRD LESSON
12. Exercises
Οἰκία ἔχει θύραν. A house has a door. Οὐ σκιὰς ἔχουσιν αἱ The houses have not
οἰκίαι. shadows. (Or, It is
not shadows the
houses have.)
Οἰκίαι θύρας Houses have doors. Ἡ στοὰ τῆς οἰκίας The porch of the
ἔχουσιν. σκιὰν ἔχει. house has a shadow.
Ἔχουσι θύρας αἰ Do the houses have Θύρα οἰκίας A door of a house
οἰκίαι; doors?
Οὐ θύρας ἔχουσιν. They do not have Αἱ θύραι τῆς οἰκίας The doors of the
doors. house
Ἡ οἰκία οὐκ ἔχει The house does not Αἱ ἑστίαι τῶν The hearths of the
θύρας. have doors. οἰκιῶν houses
Οὐκ ἔχει στοὰν ἡ Has not the house a Σφαῖραν ἔχεις; Have you a ball?
οἰκία; porch?
Ἡ οἰκία οὐ στοὰν The house has not a Οὐκ ἔχω σφαῖραν. I have not a ball.
ἔχει. porch.
Οὐ στοὰν ἔχει ἡ It is not a porch that Οὐκ ἔχετε σφαίρας; Have you not balls?
οἰκία. the house has.
Οὐκ ἔχουσιν αἱ Have not the houses Σφαίρας ἔχομεν. We have balls.
οἰκίαι σκιάς; shadows?
Οὐ σκιὰς ἔχουσιν. They have not Οὐκ ἔχομεν τὰς We have not the
shadows. σφαίρας. balls.
Have you a ball? Σφαῖραν ἔχεις; The balls have Σκιὰς ἔχουσιν αἰ
shadows. σφαῖραι.
I have a ball. Σφαῖραν ἔχω. The door of the Ἡ θύρα τῆς οἰκίας
house has a shadow. σκιὰν ἔχει.
I have not a ball. Οὐ σφαῖραν ἔχω. Has not the house a Οὐ θύραν ἔχει ἡ
door? οἰκία;
Have they not balls? Οὐκ ἔχουσι It has a door. Θύραν ἔχει.
σφαίρας;
They have balls. Σφαίρας ἔχουσιν. The house has Θύρας ἔχει ἡ οἰκία.
doors.
Have we balls? Σφαίρας ἔχομεν; Has it not a portico? Οὐ στοὰν ἔχει;
We have balls. Σφαίρας ἔχομεν. The house has not a Οὐκ ἔχει στοὰν ἡ
portico. οἰκία.
A shadow Σκιά Have not the houses Οὐχ ἑστίας ἔχουσιν
hearths? αἱ οἰκίαι;
A shadow of a ball Σκιὰ σφαίρας They have hearths. Ἑστίας ἔχουσιν.
Has the ball a Ἔχει σκιὰν ἡ The hearth of the Ἡ ἑστία τῆς οἰκίας
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shadow? σφαῖρα; house
The ball has a Σκιὰν ἔχει ἡ
shadow. σφαῖρα.
FOURTH LESSON
16. Exercises
Τί ἔχεις; What do you have? Τί ἔχετε ἐν ταῖς What do you have
οἰκίαις; in the houses?
Σφαῖραν ἔχω. I have a ball. Ἑστίας ἐν ταῖς We have hearths in
οἰκίαις ἔχομεν. the houses.
Τί ἔχομεν ἡμεῖς; What do we have? Τίς ἔχει τὴν Who has the ball?
σφαῖραν;
Σφύρας ἔχετε. You have hammers. Ἐγὼ ἔχω τὴν I have the ball.
σφαῖραν.
Οὐκ ἔχομεν οἰκίας; Have we not Ἡμεῖς οὐ τὴν We do not have the
houses? σφαῖραν ἔχομεν. ball.
Οὐκ ἔχετε οἰκίας. You have not Ὁ παῖς σφαίρας The boy has balls.
houses. ἔχει.
Ἔχει θύρας ἡ οἰκία; Has the house Οὐκ ἔχει σκιὰν ἡ Has not the door of
doors? θύρα τῆς οἰκίας; the house a shadow?
Ναί, θύρας ἔχει. Yes, it has doors. Ναί, σκιὰν ἔχει. Yes, it has a
shadow.
Ἔχει ἡ οἰκία στοάν; Has the house a Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς ἐν τῇ What does the boy
porch? σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας; have in the shadow
of the house?
Οὔ, ἡ οικία οὐ No, the house has Σφαῖραν ἔχει. He has a ball.
στοὰν ἔχει. not a porch.

A ball Σφαῖρα We have hammers. Ἡμεῖς σφύρας
ἔχομεν.
A hammer Σφῦρα Have we not Οὐκ ἔχομεν οἰκίας;
houses?
A shadow Σκιά Yes. Ναί.
A shadow of a ball Σκιὰ σφαίρας Have not the houses Οὐ στοὰς ἔχουσιν αἱ
porches? οἰκίαι;
The shadow of a Ἡ σκιὰ σφύρας No, they have not Οὔ, στοὰς οὐκ
hammer porches. ἔχουσιν.
The shadow of the Ἡ σκιὰ τῆς σφύρας Have they not Οὐχ ἑστίας ἔχουσιν;
hammer hearths?
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In the shadow of the Ἐν τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς Yes, they have Ναί, ἑστίας ἔχουσιν.
hammer σφύρας hearths.
The boy Ὁ παῖς What have you? Τί ἔχετε;
What has the boy? Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς; We have hammers Ἑστίας ἔχομεν ἐν τῇ
in the house. οἰκίᾳ.
He has a ball. Σφαῖραν ἔχει. Has not the boy a Οὐ σφαῖραν ἔχει ὁ
ball? παῖς;
Who has a hammer? Τίς σφῦραν ἔχει; No. Οὔ.
I have a hammer. Ἐγὼ σφῦραν ἔχω.
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FIFTH LESSON
21. Exercises
Ἡ σφαῖρα The ball Αἱ οἰκίαι ἔχουσι The houses have
θύρας καὶ στοάς. doors and porches.
Ἡ σφαῖρά μου My ball Οὐχ ἑστίας ἔχουσιν Have our homes not
αἱ οἰκίαι ἡμῶν; hearths?
Οὐχ ἡ σφαῖρα, ἀλλ’ Not the ball, but the Ναί, ἑστίας ἔχουσιν. Yes, they have
ἡ σφῦρα hammer hearths.
Οὐχ ἡ οἰκία, ἀλλ’ ἡ Not the house, but Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς μου ἐν What has my boy in
θύρα the door τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς θύρας; the shadow of the
door?
Σφῦρα καὶ σφαῖρα A hammer and a Βακτηρίαν ἔχει. He has a staff.
ball
Αἱ σφῦραι καὶ αἱ The hammers and Τίνα ἔχετε; Whom have you?
σφαῖραι the balls
Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ παῖς I and the (my) boy Σὲ ἔχομεν. We have you.
Οὐκ ἐγώ, ἀλλ’ ὁ Not I, but the (my) Οὐκ ἐμὲ ἔχετε, ἀλλὰ You don’t have me,
παῖς boy τὴν βακτηρίαν μου. but my staff.
Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς; What has the boy? Ὁ παῖς ἔχει με ἐν τῇ The boy has me in
θυρᾷ. the door.
Ἔχει τὴν βακτηρίαν He has my staff. Οὐκ ἐμὲ ἔχει, ἀλλὰ He has not me, but
μου. σέ. you.
Ὁ παῖς ἔχει σφύρας The boy has
καὶ σφαίρας. hammers and balls.

A staff Βακτηρία He has not us. Οὐκ ἡμᾶς ἔχει.
My staff Ἡ βακτηρία μου What has he? Τί ἔχει;
A staff of mine Βακτηρία μου He has my staff. Ἔχει τὴν βακτηρίαν
μου.
Have you a staff of Ἔχεις βακτηρίαν What has the house? Τί ἔχει ἡ οἰκία;
mine? μου;
Who has my staff? Τίς ἔχει τὴν It has doors and Ἔχει θύρας καὶ
βακτηρίαν μου; hearths. ἑστίας.
The boy has our Ὁ παῖς ἔχει τὰς Has it not porches? Οὐ στοὰς ἔχει;
staves. βακτηρίας ἡμῶν.
Has he not our Οὐκ ἔχει τὰς No, it has not Οὔ, στοὰς οὐκ ἔχει.
hammers? σφύρας ἡμῶν; porches.
No, he has not our Οὔ, τὰς σφύρας It has not porches, Οὐ στοὰς ἔχει, ἀλλὰ
hammers. ἡμῶν οὐκ ἔχει. but doors. θύρας.
The boy has Ὁ παῖς σφύρας καὶ In the shadow of the Ἐν τῇ σκιᾲ τῆς
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hammers and balls. σφαίρας ἔχει. door θύρας
Whom has the boy? Τίνα ἔχει ὁ παῖς; In the houses Ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις
He has me. ἐμὲ ἔχει. What have we in the Τί ἔχομεν ἐν ταῖς
houses? οἰκίαις;
He has not me, but Οὐκ ἐμέ, ἀλλὰ σὲ We have staves and Ἔχομεν βακτηρίας
you. ἔχει. balls. καὶ σφαίρας.
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SIXTH LESSON
25. Exercises
Τίς τρέχει; Who is running? Σὺ καὶ ἐγώ. You and I
Ἐγὼ τρέχω. I am running. Ἡ οἰκία σου. Your house
Οὐκ ἐγώ, ἀλλὰ σὺ I am not running, Ὁ παῖς σου ἔχει τὴν Your boy has the
τρέχεις. you are βακτηρίαν. staff.
Σύ, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐγὼ You are running, Τίνα ἔχει ὁ παῖς; Whom has the boy?
τρέχω. not I
Οὐ τρέχετε ὑμεῖς; Are not you Σὲ ἔχει. He has you.
running?
Ναί, τρέχομεν. Yes, we are running. Οὐ σὲ ἔχει, ἀλλ’ He has not you, but
ἐμέ. me.
Ὑμεῖς τρέχετε, ἀλλ’ You run, not we. Οὐχ ἡμᾶς ἔχει, ἀλλ’ He has not us, but
οὐχ ἡμεῖς. ὑμᾶς. you.
Οὐκ ἐγὼ τρέχω, I do not run, but the Οὐ σὲ ἔχει, ἀλλὰ He has not you, but
ἀλλ’ ὁ παῖς. boy. τὴν σκιὰν σου. your shadow.
Ὑμεῖς ἐν ταῖς You run among the Ἐγὼ τρέχω καὶ σὺ I run and you run.
στοαῖς τρέχετε. porches. τρέχεις.
Οὐκ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ The boy does not Ἡμεῖς τρέχομεν καὶ We run and you run.
τρέχει ὁ παῖς, ἀλλ’ run in the house, but τρέχετε ὑμεῖς.
ἐν τῇ στοᾷ. in the porch.
Ἐν ταῖς στοαῖς τῶν We run among the
οἰκιῶν τρέχομεν. porches of the
houses.

My ball Ἡ σφαῖρά μου The boy has Ὁ παῖς ἔχει σφύρας
hammers and staves. καὶ βακτηρίας.
Not my ball, but my Οὐχ ἡ σφαῖρά μου, What has the house? Τί ἔχει ἡ οἰκία;
staff ἀλλ’ ἡ βακτηρία
μου.
Who has your ball? Τίς ἔχει σου τὴν It has doors and Θύρας και ἑστίας
σηαῖραν; hearths. ἔχει.
The boy has my Ὁ παῖς ἔχει τὴν It has doors, and not Θύρας, ἀλλ’ οὐ
ball. σφαῖράν μου. porches. στοὰς ἔχει.
The boy has not our Οὐκ ἔχει ὁ παῖς τὴν Who is running? Τίς τρέχει;
ball. σφαῖραν ἡμῶν.
The boy has our Ὁ παῖς ἔχει τὰς I am running. Ἐγὼ τρέχω.
hammers. σφύρας ἡμῶν.
Not I, but the boy Οὐκ ἐγώ, ἀλλ’ ὁ Are not you Οὐ τρέχετε ὑμεῖς;
παῖς running?
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You, not we Ὑμεῖς, ἀλλ’ οὐχ We are not running. Οὐ τρέχομεν.
ἡμεῖς
Has not the boy my Οὐκ ἔχει ὁ παῖς τὴν The boy is running Ὁ παῖς τρέχει ἐν τῇ
staff? βακτηρίαν μου; in the porch. στοᾷ.
The boy has your Ὁ παῖς ἔχει τὴν They are running in Τρέχουσιν ἐν τῇ
staff. βακτηρίαν σου. the shadow of the σκιᾷ τῆς στοᾶς.
porch.
No, he has not my Οὔ, τὴν βακτηρίαν
staff. μου οὐκ ἔχει.
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SEVENTH LESSON
28. Exercises
Ποῦ εἶ; Where are you? Αἱ σφαῖραι οὐκ The balls are not
αὐτοῦ εἰσιν, ἀλλ’ ἐν here, but in the
τῇ γωνίᾳ. corner.
Ἐν τῇ γωνίᾳ εἰμί. I am in the corner. Οὔκ ἐστε ὑμεῖς ἐν Is it not you in the
τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας; shade of the house?
Ἔστιν ὁ παῖς ἐν τῇ Is the boy in the Οὐχ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἐν We are not in the
γωνίᾳ τῆς οἰκίας; corner of the house? τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας, shade of the house,
ἀλλ’ ὁ παῖς ἐστιν but the boy is there.
εκεῖ.
Οὐκ ἔστιν εκεῖ, ἀλλ’ He is not there, but Ἔχει σφαῖραν ὁ Does the boy have a
ἔστιν ἐν τῇ στοᾷ τῆς he is in the porch of παῖς; ball?
οἰκίας. the house.
Ἔχει στοὰν ἡ οἰκία; Has the house a Οὐ σφαῖραν ἔχει, He has not a ball,
porch? ἀλλὰ βακτηρίαν. but a staff.
Αἱ οἰκίαι ἡμῶν Our houses have Σφαίρας καὶ He has balls and
στοὰς ἔχουσιν. porches. βακτηρίας ἔχει. staves.
Ἔστι θύρα ἐν τῇ There is a door in Οὐκ ὁ παῖς It is not the boy who
οἰκίᾳ μου. my house. βακτηρίαν ἔχει, has a staff, but you.
ἀλλὰ σύ.
Ἑισὶ θύραι καὶ There are doors and Οὐκ ὑμεῖς τρέχετε, It is not you who
ἑστίαι ἐν ταῖς hearths in our ἀλλ’ ἡμεῖς. run, but we.
οἰκίαις ἡμῶν. houses.
Ποῦ εἰσιν αἱ Where are the balls? Ἐγώ, ἀλλ’ οὐ σὺ I, not you, run.
σφαῖραι; τρέχεις.

Where am I? Ποῦ εἰμι; Who is here? Τίς ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα;
I am here. Ἐνταῦθά εἰμι. I am here. Ἐγώ εἰμι ἐνταῦθα.
I am in a corner. Ἐν γωνίᾳ εἰμί. We are here. Ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν
ἐνταῦθα.
Where are you? Ποῦ εἶ; Not we, but you are Οὐκ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλ’
here. ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐνταῦθα.
I am not in a corner. Οὔκ εἰμι ἐν γωνίᾳ. Who is running in Τίς τρέχει ἐν τῇ
the shadow of the σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας;
house?
Is not the boy in a Οὔκ ἐν γωνίᾳ ἐστὶ ὁ The boy is running Ὁ παῖς τρέχει ἐκεῖ.
corner? παῖς; there.
He is. ἔστιν. The boy is not Οὐκ ὁ παῖς τρέχει
running there, but I. ἐκεῖ, ἀλλ’ ἐγώ.
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He is not. Οὐκ ἔστιν. There is a hearth in Ἔστιν ἑστία ἐν τῇ
the corner of the γωνίᾳ τῆς οἰκίας.
house.
Who is here? Τίς ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα; A corner of a house γωνία οἰκίας
The boy is here. Ὁ παῖς ἐστιν Not here, but there Οὐκ ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλ’
ἐνταῦθα. ἐκεῖ.
He is not here, but Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐνταῦθα There, not here Ἐκεῖ, ἀλλ’ οὐκ
there. ἀλλ’ ἐκεῖ. ἐνταῦθα.
He is there, not Ἐκεῖ ἐστιν, οὐκ
here. ἐνταῦθα.
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EIGHTH LESSON
30. Exercises
Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ παῖς; Where is the boy? Ἡ κώμη The village
Τρέχει ἐν τῇ νομῇ. He is running in the Τῆς κώμης Of the village
pasture.
Ποῦ κεῖται ὁ βοῦς; Where is the ox Αἱ κῶμαι The villages
lying?
Ὁ βοῦς κεῖται ἐν τῇ The cow lies in the Αἱ οἰκίαι τῆς κώμης The houses of the
γωνίᾳ τῆς νομῆς. corner of the village
pasture.
Αἰ βόες οὐκ αὐτοῦ The cows are not Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ οἰκία Where is your
κεῖνται, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ lying here, but in the σου; house?
σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας. shade of the house.
Ποῦ τρέχει ἠ παῖς; Where is the girl Ἡ οἰκία μού ἐστιν My house is in the
running? ἐν τῇ κώμῃ. village.
Ἡ παῖς τρέχει ἐν τῇ The girl is running Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ κρήνη; Where is the
στοᾷ. in the porch. fountain?
Ἔχει στοὰν ἡ οἰκία; Does the house have Ἡ κρήνη κεῖται ἐν The fountain lies in
a porch? τῇ κώμῃ. the village.
Ἔχει. It has (one). Οὐκ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ It does not lie in the
κεῖται, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ village, but in the
νομῇ. pasture.
Οὐκ ἔχουσιν αἱ Have not our houses Αἱ βόες κεῖνται ἐν The cows lie in the
οἰκίαι ἡμῶν στοάς; porches? τῇ γωνίᾳ τῆς νομῆς. corner of the
pasture.
Οὐκ ἔχουσιν. They have not. Ἡ σφαῖρά μου My ball lies in the
κεῖται ἐν τῇ κρήνῃ. fountain.

The boy and the girl Ὁ παῖς καὶ ἡ παῖς Who is running in Τίς τρέχει ἐν τῇ
the village? κώμῃ;
The ox and the cow Ὁ βοῦς καὶ ἡ βοῦς The boy is running Ὁ παῖς τρέχει ἐκεῖ.
there.
Where is the girl? Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ παῖς; Where does the cow Ποῦ κεῖται ἡ βοῦς?
lie?
She is in the house. Ἔστιν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ. She lies in the Κεῖται ἐν τῇ γωνίᾳ
corner of the τῆς νομῆς.
pasture.
Where is the boy? Ποῦ ἐστιν ὀ παῖς; The cows are Αἱ βόες τρέχουσιν
running in the ἐν τῇ νομῇ.
pasture.
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He is running in the Τρέχει ἐν τῇ νομῇ. Has the boy a staff? Ἔχει βακτηρίαν ὁ
pasture. παῖς;
Not in the pasture, Οὐκ ἐν τῇ νομῇ, He has. Ἔχει.
but in the village ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ
What has the Τί ἔχει ἡ κώμη; He has not. Οὐκ ἔχει.
village?
It has houses and Οἰκίας καὶ κρήνας I have a staff, but Ἐγὼ ἔχω βακτηρίαν,
fountains. ἔχει. not (ἀλλ’ οὐχ) you. ἀλλ’ οὐχ ὑμεῖς.
Our villages have Αἱ κώμαι ἡμῶν You have not (οὐχ Οὐχ ὑμεῖς ἐχετε
fountains. κρήνας ἔχουσιν. ὑμεῖς etc.) staves, βακτηρίας, ἀλλ’
but we. ἡμεῖς.
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NINTH LESSON
34. Exercises
Χλαῖνα A cloak Ἢ αἱ νομαί, ἢ αἱ Either the pastures,
πέτραι ἀκάνθας or the rocks have
ἔχουσιν. thorns.
Ἡ χλαῖνά μου My cloak Αἱ νομαὶ ἀκάνθας τε The pastures have
καὶ πέτρας ἔχουσιν. both thorns and
rocks.
Ποῦ κεῖνται αἱ Where are our Ποῦ κεῖται ἡ βοῦς; Where lies the cow?
χλαῖναι ἡμῶν; cloaks lying?
Αἱ χλαῖναι ἐν τῇ The cloaks lie in the Ἢ ἐν τῇ πύλῇ She lies either in the
στοᾷ κεῖνται. porch. κεῖται, ἢ ἐν τῇ νομῇ. gate or in the
pasture.
Ἢ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ They lie either in Αἱ ῥίζαι τῶν The roots of the
κεῖνται, ἢ ἐν τῇ σκιᾷ
the porch or in the ἀκανθῶν ἐν ταῖς thorns are in the
τῆς θύρας. shadow of the gate. πέτραις εἰσίν. rocks.
Ποῦ εἰσιν αἱ Where are the Ἔστι πέτρα ἐν τῇ There is a rock in
ἄκανθαι; thorns? πύλῃ. the gate.
Αἱ ἄκανθαί εἰσιν ἐνThe thorns are in the Εἰςὶν ἕδραι ἐν ταῖς There are seats in
τῇ γωνίᾳ τῆς νομῆς.corner of the πύλαις. the gates.
pasture.
Ἔχουσιν ἀκάνθας αἱ Have the pastures Αἱ οἰκίαι ἔχουσι The houses have
νομαί; thorns? στοὰς τε καὶ ἕδρας. both porches and
seats.
Οὐκ ἀκάνθας οῦδὲ The pastures have Καὶ στοαί, καὶ ἕδραι Both porches and
πέτρας ἔχουσιν αἱ neither thorns nor seats
νομαί. rocks.
Αἱ ῤίζαι τῶν The roots of the Καὶ ῥίζαι καὶ Both roots and
ἀκανθῶν thorns ἄκανθαι thorns
Αἱ ἄκανθαι, ἢ αἱ The thorns, or the
ῥίζαι roots

My cloak Ἡ χλαῖνά μου There are both seats Εἰσὶ καὶ ἕδραι καὶ
and rocks in the πέτραι ἐν τῇ νομῇ.
pasture.
Where is my cloak? Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ χλαῖνά The rocks have Αἱ πέτραι ἔχουσιν
μου; seats. ἕδρας.
It lies in the porch. Κεῖται ἐν τῇ στοᾷ. The rocks have not Οὐχ αἱ πέτραι ἕδρας
(οῦχ αἱ πέτραι) ἔχουσιν, ἀλλ’ αἱ
seats, but the στοαί.
15
porches.
Who has the cloaks? Τίς ἔχει τὰς χλαίνας; Do not the rocks lie Οὐ κεῖνται αἱ πέτραι
in the village? ἐν τῇ κώμῃ;
The girl has both the Ἡ παῖς ἔχει τὰς τε They lie either in Κεῖνται ἢ ἐν τῇ
cloaks and the balls. χλαίνας καὶ τὰς the village or in the κώμῃ ἢ ἐν τῇ νομῇ.
σφαίρας. pasture.
The boy is either Ὁ παῖς ἢ τρέχει ἢ In the village, not in Ἐν τῇ κώμῃ, οὐκ ἐν
running or lying. κεῖται. the pasture τῇ νομῇ
He is not running Οὐ τρέχει οὐδὲ Not in the house nor Οὐκ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ
nor lying. κεῖται. in the gate οὐδ’ ἐν τῇ πύλῃ
Both we run, and Καὶ ἡμεῖς τρέχομεν, What have the Τί ἔχουσιν αἱ
you. καὶ ὑμεῖς. thorns? ἄκανθαι;
Who does not run? Τίς οὐ τρέχει; The thorns have Αἱ ἄκανθαι ἔχουσι
roots. ῥίζας.
The boy does not Οὐ τρέχει ὁ παῖς The houses of the Αἱ οἰκίαι τῆς κώμης
run, nor I. οὐδ’ ἐγώ. village have both ἔχουσι πύλας τε καὶ
gates and doors. θύρας.
16
TENTH LESSON
37. Exercises
Τίς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ Who is in the Ἐισὶν ἐκεῖ καὶ There, there are
κώμῃ; village? πέτραι, καὶ ἄκανθαι. both rocks and
thorns.
Ὁ πατήρ μού ἐστιν My father is there. Ὁ πατήρ μου καὶ ἡ My father and my
ἐκεῖ. μήτηρ ἐισὶν ἐν τῇ mother are in the
πύλῃ. gate.
Ἡ μήτηρ μου οὐκ My mother is not Τίς τρέχει; Who runs?
ἐκεῖ ἐστιν, ἀλλ’ there, but here.
ἐνταῦθα.
Ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἡ My mother is here, Καὶ ὁ παῖς τρέχει, Both the boy runs,
μήτηρ μου, ἀλλ’ not there. καὶ ὁ βοῦς. and the ox.
οὐκ ἐκεῖ.
Ποῦ κεῖται ἡ χλαῖνά Where lies my Ἐγώ τε καὶ σὺ You and I run.
μου; cloak? τρέχομεν.
Ἡ χλαῖνά σου ἐπὶ Your cloak lies on Οὐχ ὑμεῖς τρέχετε, You do not run, but
τῆς ἕδρας κεῖται. the seat. ἀλλ’ ἡμεῖς. we.
Ποῦ κεῖνται ἡμῶν αἱ Where lie our balls? Ὁ πατήρ μου οὐ My father has not
σφαῖραι; σφύρας ἔχει, οὐδὲ hammers nor balls.
σφαίρας.
Ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας Either they lie on Ἡ παῖς οὐ τρέχει ἐν The girl does not
κεῖνται, ἢ ἐν τῇ the rock, or in the τῇ στοᾷ, οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ run in the porch, nor
κρήνῃ. fountain. σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας, in the shade of the
ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῶν house, but on the
πετρῶν. rocks.
Ἐισὶ πέτραι ἐν τῇ Are there rocks in
νόμῃ; the pasture?

My father Ὁ πατήρ μου The cows lie in the Αἱ βόες κεῖνται ἐν
gate. τῇ πύλῃ.
My mother Ἡ μήτηρ μου Who runs? Τίς τρέχει;
Where is my father? Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ I and you run. Ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ
μου; τρέχομεν.
Your father is in the Ὁ πατήρ σού ἐστιν I and the boy run. Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ παῖς
village. ἐν τῇ κώμῃ. τρέχομεν.
Our mother is not in Ἡ μήτηρ ἡμῶν οὔκ Both we and the Ἡμεῖς τε καὶ αἱ βόες
the village, but in ἐστιν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ, cows run. τρέχομεν.
the house. ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ.
She is either in the Ἢ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ ἐστιν, Either you run, or Ἢ ὑμεῖς τρέχετε, ἢ
17
porch, or on the ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς ἕδρας. the cows. αἱ βόες.
seat.
The ball lies either Ἡ σφαῖρα κεῖται ἢ You do not run (οὐχ Οὐχ ὑμεῖς τρέχετε,
on the gate, or in the ἐπὶ τῆς πύλης, ἢ ἐν ὑμεῖς τρέχετε), but ἀλλ’ ἡμεῖς.
rocks. ταῖς πέτραις. we.
My staff does not lie Ἡ βακτηρία μου οὐ I do not run (it is not Οὐκ ἐγὼ τρέχω,
on the cloak, nor on κεῖται ἐπὶ τῆς I that run, οὐκ ἐγώ ἀλλ’ ὁ παῖς καὶ ἡ
the rocks. χλαίνας, οὐδ’ ἐπὶ etc.), but the boy παῖς.
τῶν πετρῶν. and the girl.
The roots of the Αἱ ῥίζαι τῶν
thorns are in the ἀκανθῶν ἐισιν ἐν
rocks. ταῖς πέτραις.
18
ELEVENTH LESSON
42. Exercises
Ἡ συκῆ The fig tree Ποῦ κάθηται ἡ Where sits the
κόρη; maiden?
Αἱ ῥίζαι τῆς συκῆς The roots of the fig Ἐν τῇ στοᾷ κάθηται She sits in the porch
tree ἐπὶ τῆς ἕδρας. on the seat.
Ποῦ ἐισιν αἱ συκαῖ; Where are the fig Τί ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ἔχει;What does she have
trees? in her hand?
Αἱ συκαῖ εἰσιν ἐν τῇ The fig trees are in Οὐδὲν ἔχει πλὴν τῆς She has nothing
νομῇ. the pasture. χλαίνης. except her cloak.
Ἔχουσι συκᾶς αἱ Have the pastures Ποῦ κάθηται ἡ μυῖα; Where sits the fly?
νομαί; fig trees?
Οὐ συκᾶς ἔχουσιν The pastures have Ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς On my head.
αἱ νομαί, ἀλλ’ not fig trees, but μου.
ἀκάνθας. thorns.
Τί ἔχει ἡ νομή; What has the Ὁ παῖς οὐκ ἔχει The boy has nothing
pasture? οὐδὲν ἐπὶ τῆς on his head except a
κεφαλῆς πλὴν fly.
μυίας.
Οὐδὲν ἔχει πλὴν It has nothing Πότε τρέχει ὁ παῖς; When runs the boy?
συκῶν καὶ πετρῶν. except fig trees and
rocks.
Τίνες ἐπὶ τῶν Who are sitting on Καὶ νῦν, καὶ ἀεί. Both now and
πετρῶν κάθηνται; the rocks? always.
Ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ἡ My father and Ἔχω τι ἐν τῇ χειρί. I have something in
μήτηρ μου ἐκεῖ mother are sitting my hand.
κάθηνται. there.

What has the boy? Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς; They are sitting in Κάθηνται ἐν τῇ
the porch, not on the στοᾷ, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐπὶ
rocks. τῶν πετρῶν.
He has something. Ἔχει τι. When does the girl Πότε κάθηται ἡ παῖς
sit on the rocks? ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν;
What has he in his Τί ἔχει ἐν τῇ χειρί; Now. Νῦν.
hand?
He has a ball in his Σφαῖραν ἔχει ἐν τῇ I have a fly on my Ἔχω μυῖαν ἐπὶ τῆς
hand. χειρί. head. κεφαλῆς.
What has my father Τί ἔχει μου ὁ πατήρ The ball is now Ἡ σφαῖρα νῦν
in his hand? ἐν τῇ χειρί; lying (νῦν κεῖται) in κεῖται ἐν τῇ κρήνῃ.
the spring.
19
He has a staff in his Βακτηρίαν ἔχει ἐν The boy always runs Ὁ παῖς ἀεὶ τρέχει ἐν
hand. τῇ χειρί. in the house. τῇ οἰκίᾳ.
The girl has a fly Ἡ παῖς μυῖαν ἔχει ἢ The pasture has both Ἡ νόμη ἔχει συκᾶς
either in her hand or ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς fig-trees and thorns. τε καὶ ἀκάνθας.
on her head. κεφαλῆς.
Not on her (the) Οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς Who are in the Τίνες εἰσὶν ἐν τῇ
head, but in her κεφαλῆς, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ pasture? νόμῃ;
hand χειρί
Where are the Ποῦ κάθνται αἱ I have nothing in Οὐκ ἔχω οὐδὲν ἐν
maidens sitting? κόραι; my hand except a τῇ χειρὶ πλὴν
staff. βακτηρίας.
They are sitting on a Κάθηνται ἐφ’ ἕδρας.
seat.
20
TWELFTH LESSON
Render,
I am running (away) from the house. Τρέχω ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας.
I am running out from the house. Τρέχω ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας.
I am running on the house. Τρέχω ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας.
I am running in the house. Τρέχω ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ.
45. Exercises
Ὁ νεανίας The young man Μέλισσα κάθηται A bee sits on the
ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκάνθης. thorn.
Οἱ νεανίαι The young men Πίπτω. I fall.
Τί ἔχει ὁ νεανίας; What has the youth? Τίς πίπτει; Who falls?
Γλῶσσαν ἔχει. He has a tonque. Ἡμεῖς πίπτομεν. We fall.
Οἱ νεανίαι γλῶσσας The young men Ἡ σφαῖρα πίπτει The ball falls from
ἔχουσιν. have tonques. ἀπὸ τῆς ἕδρας. the seat.
Ἡ γλῶσσα τοῦ The youth’s tonque Ἡ βοῦς τρέχει ἐκ The cow runs out of
νεανίου τῆς νομῆς. the pasture.
Τῶν νεανιῶν αἱ The youths’ tonques Αἱ κόραι ἐκ τῆς The maidens run out
γλῶσσαι στοᾶς τρέχουσιν. from the porch.
Ὁ νεανίας γλῶσσαν The young man has Ἡμεῖς πέμπομεν. We send.
ἔχει ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ. a tonque in his head.
Ποῦ εἰσιν αἱ Where are the bees? Τίνα πέμπομεν; Whom do we send?
μέλισσαι;
Αἱ μέλισσαί εἰσιν ἐν The bees are in the Ὁ πατὴρ τὸν The father sends the
τῇ νομῇ. pasture. νεανίαν πέμπει. young man.
Ὁ παῖς μέλισσαν The boy has a bee in Ἡ μήτηρ τὴν κόρην The mother sends
ἔχει ἐν τῇ χειρί. his hand. ἐκ τῆς πύλης πέμπει. the maiden out of
the gate.
Οὐκ ἔχει ὁ παῖς Has not the boy a Αἱ μέλιτται ἀεὶ The bees always sit
μέλισσαν ἐπὶ τῆς bee on his head? αὐτοῦ κάθηνται. here.
κεφαλῆς;
Οὔ, ἀλλ’ ἡ κόρη No, but the maiden
μυῖαν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ has a fly in her
ἔχει. hand.
The boy is running Ὁ παῖς τρέχει ἀπὸ What has the boy on Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς ἐπὶ
from the house. τῆς οἰκίας. his head? τῆς κεφαλῆς;
The maidens are Αἱ κόραι κάθηνται He has a fly or a bee Ἔχει μυῖαν ἢ
sitting in the house. ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ. on his head. μέλιτταν ἐπὶ τῆς
κεφαλῆς.
21
Not on the hearth, Οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς ἑστίας, He has either a Ἔχει ἢ σφῦραν ἢ
nor in the porch, but οὐδ’ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ, hammer or a ball in σφαῖραν ἐν τῇ χειρί.
in the door ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ πύλῃ his hand.
In the gate, not in Ἐν τῇ πύλῃ, οὐκ ἐν The hammer now Ἡ σφῦρα νῦν κεῖται
the shadow of the τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας lies on the hearth. ἐπὶ τῆς ἑστίας.
house
Whom does my Τίνα πέμπει μου ὁ The bee always sits Ἡ μέλιττα ἀεὶ
father send? πατήρ; on the fig tree. κάθηται ἐπὶ τῆς
συκῆς.
He sends either the Πέμπει ἢ τὸν Who sends? Τίς πέμπει;
youth or the maiden. νεανίαν ἢ τὴν
κόρην.
He sends the young Πέμπει τὸν νεανίαν Both I and you send. Καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ
man out of the ἐκ τῆς κώμης. πέμπομεν.
village.
The cows are Αἱ βόες τρέχουσιν My father and Ὁ πατὴρ μου καὶ ἡ
running out of the ἐκ τῆς κώμης. mother send. μήτηρ πέμπουσιν.
village.
22
THIRTEENTH LESSON
Render,
I send you out of the gate. Πέμπω σε ἐκ τῆς πύλης.
The father sends the young man from the Ὁ πατὴρ πέμπει τὸν νεανίαν ἀπὸ τῆς
fountain. κρήνης.
The bee sits on my head. Ἡ μέλιττα κάθηται ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς.
I have a bee in my hand instead of a fly. Ἔχω μέλιτταν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ἀντὶ μυίας.
There is nothing in the gate except a rock. Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν ἐν τῇ πύλῃ πλὴν πέτρας.
My cloak lies near the spring. Ἡ χλαῖνά μου κεῖται πλησίον (ἐγγὺς) τῆς
κρήνης.
49. Exercises
Κλέπτης A thief Ἐργάται ἀντὶ Laborers instead of
τεχνιτῶν artisans
Ὁ κλέπτης The thief Τί ἔχει ὁ ἐργάτης ἐν What has the laborer
τῇ χειρί; in his hand?
Ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ The head of the Σφῦραν ἀντὶ He has a hammer
κλέπτου thief σφαίρας ἔχει. instead of a ball
Τί ἔχει ὁ κλέπτης ἐν What has the thief Ὁ παῖς οἴκαδε The boy runs
τῇ χειρί; in his hand? τρέχει. homeward.
Ἔχει τὴν χλαῖνάν He has your cloak. Ποῦ κεῖται ἡ χλαῖνά Where lies my
σου. μου; cloak?
Οἱ κλέπται τὰς The thiefs have our Πλησίον τῆς κρήνης It lies near the
χλαίνας ἠμῶν cloaks. κεῖται. fountain.
ἔχουσιν.
Χλαίνας ἀντὶ They have cloaks Πόθεν πέμπει σε ὁ Whence does your
βακτηριῶν ἔχουσιν. instead of staves. πατήρ σου; father send you?
Πόθεν τρέχουσιν οἱ Whence run the Οἴκοθεν πέμπει με. He sends me from
κλέπται; thiefs? home.
Ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας They run out of the Οὐκ ἐκεῖθεν, οὐδὲ Not thence, nor
τρέχουσιν. house. ἐντεῦθεν hence
Οἱ νεανίαι νῦν ἀπὸ The young men now Οὔτε αὐτοῦ, οὔτε Neither here, nor
τῶν κωμῶν run away from the ἐκεῖ there
τρέχουσιν. villages.
Ἐργάτης καὶ A laborer and an Οὔτε ἐν τῇ κώμῃ, Neither in the
τεχνίτης artisan οὔτε ἐν τῇ νόμῃ village, nor in the
pasture
Ὁ ἐργάτης καὶ ὁ The laborer and the Ἡ μέλιττα οὔτε ἐπὶ The bee sits neither
τεχνίτης artisan τῆς συκῆς κάθηται, on the fig tree, nor
οὔτε ἐπὶ τῆς on the thorn.
ἀκάνθης.
23
Οὐχ οἱ ἐργάται, Not the laborers, but
ἀλλ’ οἱ τεχνίται the artisans
Both the laborer and Ὁ τε ἐργάτης καὶ ὁ Not from home, but Οὐκ οἴκοθεν, ἀλλ’
the artisan τεχνίτης from hence ἐντεῦθεν
Not the laborer, but Οὐχ ὁ ἐργάτης, ἀλλ’ The girl is running Ἡ παῖς οἴκαδε
the artisan ὁ τεχνίτης home (homeward). τρέχει.
The artisan, not the Ὁ τεχνίτης, ἀλλ’ My mother sits at Ἡ μήτηρ μου οἴκοι
laborer οὐχ ὁ ἐργάτης home. κάθηται.
The artisan instead Ὁ τεχνίτης ἀντὶ τοῦ Does not your father Οὐ πέμπει τὸν
of the laborer ἐργάτου send the young man νεανίαν οἴκαδε ὁ
home? πατήρ σου;
Not a laborer nor an Οὐκ ἐργάτης οὐδὲ My father sends the Ὁ πατήρ μου πέμπει
artisan τεχνίτης young man out of τὸν νεανίαν ἐκ τῶν
the pastures. νομῶν.
Neither laborers nor Οὔτε ἐργάται οὔτε The cows lie in a Αἱ βόες κεῖνται ἐν
artists τεχνίται corner of the γωνίᾳ τῆς νόμης.
pasture.
Neither my cloak Οὔτε ἡ χλαῖνά μου There is a gate near Ἔστι πύλη πλησίον
nor my hammer οὔτε ἡ σφῦρά μου the village. τῆς κώμης.
The artisan has his Ὁ τεχνίτης ἔχει τὴν There are neither Οὔτε εἰσι κρήναι,
(the) cloak. χλαῖναν. fountains nor fig οὔτε συκαῖ ἐν τῇ
trees in the village. κώμῃ.
Whence runs the Πόθεν τρέχει ὁ παῖς; There is nothing in Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν ἐν
boy? the village except τῇ κώμῃ πλὴν
houses. οἰκιῶν.
From home. Οἴκοθεν.
24
FOURTEENTH LESSON
51. Exercises
Τίς ἔχει τὴν χλαῖνάν Who has my cloak? Οὐχ αἱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ Not the houses in
μου; οἰκίαι, ἀλλ’ αἱ ἐγγὺς the village, the ones
τῆς κρήνης near the spring
Ὁ κλέπτης ἔχει τὴν The thief has your Αἱ πύλαι τῶν οἰκιῶν The gates of the
χλαῖνάν σου. cloak. houses
Τίνα χλαῖναν ἔχει; What cloak has he? Αἱ πύλαι τῶν ἐν τῇ The gates of the
κώμῃ οἰκιῶν houses in the village
Τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἕδρας He has the cloak on Τίνας συκᾶς ἔχετε; What fig trees do
χλαῖναν ἔχει. the seat. you have?
Ποῦ εἰσιν αἱ βόες; Where are the Τὰς συκᾶς ἔχομεν We have the fig
cows? τὰς ἐν τῇ γωνίᾳ τῆς trees in the corner of
νομῆς. the pasture
Τίνες βόες; What cows? Τὰς πλησίον τῆς We have the ones
κρήνης, οὐ τὰς near the spring, not
ἐνταῦθα ἔχομεν. the ones here.
Αἱ ἐν τῇ νομῇ βόες. The cows in the Πόθεν τρέχετε; Whence do you run?
pasture.
Οὐχ αἱ ἐν τῇ νομῇ Not the cows in the Τρέχομεν οἴκοθεν. We run from home.
βόες, ἀλλ’ αἱ pasture, but the ones
πλησίον τῆς κρήνης. near the spring.
Αἱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ The houses in the
οἰκίαι village

The hammer Ἡ σφῦρα What cow? Τίς βοῦς;
What hammer? Τίς σφῦρα; The one in the Ἡ ἐν τῇ νομῇ.
pasture.
The hammer (which Ἡ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τοῦ When does the Πότε πέμπει οἴκαδε
is) in the hand of the ἐργάτου σφῦρα. father send the τὸν νεανίαν ὁ
workman. young man home? πατήρ;
What cloak have Τίνα χλαῖναν ἔχεις; Both now and Καὶ νῦν καὶ ἀεί.
you? always.
I have the one on Τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἕδρας The tonque of the Ἡ γλῶττα τοῦ
the seat. ἔχω. young man νεανίου
I have the one on Τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἕδρας A bee is sitting on Μέλιττα κάθηται ἐπὶ
the seat, not that ἔχω, οὐ τὴν ἐγγὺς the fig tree (which τῆς ἐν τῇ νομῇ
(which is) near the τῆς κρήνης. is) in the pasture συκῆς.
spring. (ἐπὶ τῆς ἐν τῇ νομῇ
συκῆς).
25
I have neither the Οὔτε ἔχω τὴν ἐπὶ
one on the seat, nor τῆς ἕδρας, οὔτε τὴν
the one near the fig πλησίον τῆς συκῆς.
tree.
FIFTEENTH LESSON
Render,
From the chest ἀπὸ τῆς χηλοῦ
Out of the chest ἐκ τῆς χηλοῦ
Instead of the chest ἀντὶ τῆς χηλοῦ
On the chest ἐπὶ τῆς χηλοῦ
In the chest ἐν τῇ χηλῷ
Into the chest ἐὶς τὴν χηλόν
Near the chest πλησίον (ἐγγὺς) τῆς χηλοῦ
Except the chest πλὴν τῆς χηλοῦ
54. Exercises
Τί ἔχεις ἐν τῇ χηλῷ;
What do you have Τρέχει ὁ ἵππος ἐν τῇ Is the horse running
in the chest? ὁδῷ; in the road?
Ἔχω ἐν τῇ χηλῷ τὴν I have in the chest Οὐκ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ἀλλ’ It is running not in
χλαῖναν τοῦ the cloak of the ἐν τῇ νομῇ τρέχει. the road, but in the
ἐμπόρου. merchant. pasture.
Οὐ τὴν χλαῖναν, You have not the Ὁ ἵππος εἰς τὴν The horse runs into
ἀλλὰ τὸν πῖλον τοῦ cloak, but the hat of ὁδὸν τρέχει. the road.
ἐμπόρου ἔχεις. the merchant.
Τί ἔχομεν ἐν τῷ What have we in the Ποῖ τρέχουσιν οἱ Whither run the
κήπῳ; garden? ἵπποι; horses?
Συκᾶς καὶ ἀκάνθας You have fig trees Οὐ δεῦρο They are not
ἐν τῷ κήπῳ ἔχετε. and thorns in the τρέχουσιν, ἀλλ’ εἰς running hither, but
garden. τὴν νομὴν τὴν into the road near
πλησίον τῆς κώμης. the village.
οὔκ εἰσι κρῆναι ἐν Are there not Οὐκ ἐκεῖσε, ἀλλὰ Not thither, but
τοῖς κήποις; fountains in the δεῦρο hither
gardens?
Ναί, ἐν τοῖς κήποις Yes, there are Ποῖ ῥίπτεις τὴν Whither are you
κρῆναί εἰσιν. fountains in the (your) χλαῖναν; throwing your
gardens. cloak?
Τί ἔχουσιν οἱ What do the Τήν τε χλαῖναν καὶ I am throwing both
ἔμποροι ἐν τοῖς merchants have in τὸν πῖλον εἰς τὴν my cloak and my
26
πίλοις; their hats? χηλὸν ῥίπτω. hat into the chest.
Οὐδὲν ἐν τοῖς πίλοις They have nothing Ῥίπτω τὴν χλαῖναν I am throwing the
ἔχουσι πλὴν τῶν in their hats except ἀντὶ τῆς βακτηρίας. cloak instead of the
κεφαλῶν. their heads. staff.
Τίς κάθηται ἐπὶ τοῦ Who is sitting on Ἡ σφαῖρα πίπτει εἰς The ball falls into
ἵππου; the horse? τὴν χηλόν. the chest.
Οἱ νεανίαι ἐπὶ τῶν The young men are
ἵππων κάθηνται. sitting on the horses.
The workman has Ὁ ἐργάτης ἔχει τὸν Neither thither nor Οὔτε ἐκεῖσε οὔτε εἰς
my hat πῖλόν μου. into the pasture. τὴν νομήν.
The workman has Οὐχ ὁ ἐργάτης ἔχει Into what (εἰς τίνα) Εἰς τίνα νομήν;
not (οὐχ ὁ ἐργάτης) τὸν πῖλόν σου, ἀλλ’ pasture?
your hat, but the ὁ τεχνίτης.
artisan.
The artisan has Ὁ τεχνίτης οὔτε ἔχει Into that near the Εἰς τὴν πλησίον τῆς
neither a hat nor a πῖλον οὔτε χλαῖναν. village. κώμης.
cloak.
The merchant has Ὁ ἔμπορος πίλους The ball falls into Ἡ σφαῖρα πίπτει εἰς
both hats and τε ἔχει καὶ χλαίνας. the garden. τὸν κῆπον.
cloaks.
The boy has nothing Ὁ παῖς οὐδὲν ἔχει The ball lies near Ἡ σφαῖρα κεῖται
on his head except a ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς the fountain. ἐγγὺς τῆς κρήνης.
hat. πλὴν πίλου.
What has he in his Τί ἔχει ἐν τῇ The fountain (which Ἡ κρήνη ἡ ἐν τῷ
(ἐν τῇ) head? κεφαλῇ; is) in the garden κήπῳ
Nothing but a Οὐδὲν πλὴν Not the fountain in Οὐχ ἡ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ
tonque. γλώττας. the garden, but that κρήνη, ἀλλ’ ἡ ἐν
among (ἐν) the ταῖς πέτραις
rocks.
Whither is the horse Ποῖ τρέχει ὁ ἵππος; The pasture has Οὐδὲν ἔχει ἡ νομὴ
running? nothing except πλὴν πετρῶν τε καὶ
rocks, and thorns, ἀκανθῶν καὶ συκῶν.
and fig trees.
He is either running Ἢ τρέχει δεῦρο, ἢ The boy sits on a Ὁ παῖς κάθηται ἐπὶ
hither, or into the εἰς τὴν ὁδόν. horse. ἵππου.
road.
27
SIXTEENTH LESSON
59. Exercises
Τίς ἔχει ῥόδον; Who has a rose? Οὐ τὰ ἴα, ἀλλὰ τὰ Not violets, but
ῥόδα ἀκάνθας ἔχει. roses have thorns.
Ἡ κόρη ῥόδον ἔχει. The maiden has a Τίς ἔχει τὰς Who has the books?
rose. βίβλους;
Αἱ κόραι ῥόδα τε The maidens have Ὁ διδάσκαλος ἔχει The teacher has
καὶ ἴα ἔχουσιν. both roses and αὐτάς. them.
violets.
Ἔστι ῥόδα ἐν τῇ There are roses in Ὁ μαθητὴς οὐκέτι The scholar no
χειρὶ τῆς κόρης. the hand of the τὰς βίβλους ἔχει. longer has the
maiden. books.
Ἡ μέλισσα ἐπὶ τῶν The bee sits on the Τί ἔχει; What has he?
ῥόδων κάθηται. roses.
Ὁ ἀγρὸς οὔτε ῥόδα The field has neither Ἔχει σφαίρας ἀντὶ He has balls instead
ἔχει, οὔτε ἴα. roses nor violets. βίβλων. of books.
Ποῦ ἐστι τὰ δένδρα; Where are the trees? Τίς πέμπει τὰ ἴα; Who sends the
violets?
Τὰ δένδρα οὐκ ἐν The trees are not in Ἡ κόρη πέμπει The maiden sends
τῷ κήπῳ, ἀλλ’ ἐν the garden, but in (αὐτά). them.
τοῖς ἀγροῖς ἐστιν. the fields.
Αἱ μηλέαι ἔχουσι The apple trees have Τίς ἔχει τὸν πῖλόν Who has my hat?
μῆλα. apples. μου;
Αἱ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ The apple trees in Οὐχ ὁ ἔμπορος , Not the merchant,
μηλέαι μῆλα the garden have ἀλλ’ ὁ κλέπτης ἔχει but the thief has it.
ἔχουσιν. apples. αὐτόν.
Οὐχ αἱ ἐν τῇ νομῇ Not the apple trees
μηλέαι, ἀλλ’ αἱ in the pasture, but
ἐγγὺς τῆς κρήνης the ones near the
μῆλα ἔχουσιν. fountain have
apples.
An apple is falling. Μῆλον πίπτει. Who has the books? Τίς ἔχει τὰς
βίβλους;
The apples fall from Τὰ μῆλα πίπτει ἀπὸ The teacher has Ὁ διδάσκαλος ἔχει.
the apple trees. τῶν μηλεῶν. them.
Do they not fall into Οὐ πίπτει εἰς τὴν Who has the apples? Τίς ἔχει τὰ μῆλα;
the fountain? κρήνην;
Not into the Οὐκ εἰς τὴν κρήνην, The young man has Ὁ νεανίας ἔχει.
fountain, but into ἀλλ’ εἰς τὸν πῖλον. them.
my hat.
What has the young Τί ἔχει ὁ νεανίας ἐν He has apples Μῆλα ἔχει ἀντὶ
28
man in his hat? τῷ πίλῳ; instead of books. βίβλων.
He has either a ball Ἢ σφαῖραν ἔχει ἢ The young man has Ὁ νεανίας ἔτι ἔχει
or a book. βίβλον. still a book in his βίβλον ἐν τῇ χειρί.
(the) hand.
The scholar has in Ὁ μαθητὴς ἔχει ἐν Whither does the Ποῖ πέμπει τὸν
his hand both balls τῇ χειρὶ καὶ σφαίρας father send the νεανίαν ὁ πατήρ;
and books. καὶ βίβλους. young man?
The maiden has in Ἡ κόρη ἔχει ἐν τῇ He sends him hither. Πέμπει αὐτὸν
her hand both χειρὶ ἴα τε καὶ ῥόδα. δεῦρο.
violets and roses.
She has nothing Οὐδὲν ἔχει πλὴν He sends him Πέμπει αὐτὸν οὔτε
except roses. ῥόδων. neither into the field εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν, οὔτε
nor into the village. εἰς τὴν κώμην.
She has roses Ἔχει ῥόδα ἀντὶ ἴων. The young men are Οἱ νεανίαι κάθηνται
instead of violets. sitting among (ἐν) ἐν τοῖς δένδρεςιν.
the trees.
The teacher and the Ὁ διδάσκαλος καὶ ὁ
scholar are now in μαθητὴς νῦν εἰσιν
the field. ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ.
29
SEVENTEENTH LESSON
63. Exercises
Χλαῖνα λευκή A white cloak Οὐκ ἐν τῇ λευκῇ Not in the white
στοᾷ, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῆς porch, but on the
ἓδρας τῆς λευκῆς white seat. (Not in
the white porch, but
on the seat, namely,
the white seat.)
Λευκὸς πῖλος A white hat Ποῦ κεῖται ἡ Where lies your
βακτηρία σου; staff?
Ὁ λευκὸς πῖλος The white hat Οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς καλῆς It does not lie on the
ἓδρας τῆς ἐν τῇ beautiful seat in the
πύλῃ κεῖται, ἀλλὰ gate, but near the
πλησίον κρήνης τῆς fountain in the
ἐν τῷ κήπῳ. garden.
Οὐχ ὁ λευκὸς πῖλος, Not the white hat, Ποῦ κεῖνται αἱ Where are my
ἀλλ’ ἡ σφαῖρα ἡ but the white ball. καλαὶ χλαῖναί μου; beautiful cloaks
λευκή. (Not the white hat, lying?
but the ball, namely,
the white ball.)
Ὁ παῖς σφαῖραν ἔχει The boy has a white Ἐν γωνίᾳ κεῖνται They are lying in a
λευκήν. ball. τῆς λευκῆς χηλοῦ. corner of the white
chest.
Οἱ διδάσκαλοι The teachers have Πόθεν τρέχει ὁ Whence runs the
ἔχουσι καλὰς beautiful books. ἵππος; horse?
βίβλους.
Ὁ σοφὸς The wise teacher Ἐκεῖθεν τρέχει. It runs thence.
διδάσκαλος βίβλους has beautiful and
ἔχει καλὰς τε καὶ good books.
ἀγαθάς.
Ἡ καλὴ κόρη The beautiful Τρέχει ἐκ τοῦ It runs out of the
maiden πλησίον τῆς κώμης field near the village
ἀγροῦ εἰς τὴν ὁδόν. into the road.
Οὐχ ἡ καλὴ κόρη, Not the beautiful Τίς κάθηται ἐπὶ τοῦ Who sits on the
ἀλλ’ ἡ ἀγαθή maiden, but the ἵππου; horse?
noble one
Οὐχ ἡ κόρη, ἀλλ’ ὁ Not the maiden, but Ὁ νεανίας ἐπὶ τοῦ The young man sits
πατήρ μου ὁ ἀγαθός my good father ἵππου κάθηται. on the horse.
Ποῦ εἰσιν αἱ καλαὶ Where are the Ποῖ πέμπει ὁ Whither does the
κόραι; beautiful maidens? διδάσκαλος τὸν teacher send the
μαθητήν; scholar?
Ἐν τῇ λευκῇ στοᾷ They sit in the white Εἰς τὴν κώμην He sends him into
κάθηνται. porch. αὐτὸν πέμπει. the village.
30
A wise young man Σοφὸς νεανίας The garden has a Ὁ κῆπος ἔχει καλὴν
beautiful spring. κρήνην.
A wise teacher Διδάσκαλος σοφός The teacher has Οῦκ ἔχει οὐδὲν ὁ
nothing but good διδάσκαλος πλὴν
books. ἀγαθῶν βίβλων.
A beautiful boy Καλὸς παῖς A good father Καλὸς πατὴρ
A beautiful girl Καλὴ παῖς A wise mother Μήτηρ σοφή
Beautiful maidens Καλαὶ κόραι The wise teacher Ὁ σοφὸς
has a good scholar. διδάσκαλος ἔχει
ἀγαθὸν μαθητήν.
Where is the Ποῦ κάθηται ἡ καλὴ Whom does the Τίνα πέμπει δεῦρο ὁ
beautiful maiden κόρη; father send hither? πατήρ;
sitting?
She sits among the Κάθηται ἐν τοῖς ἐν He sends either the Πέμπει ἢ τὸν
trees in (ἐν τοῖς ἐν τῷ κήπῳ δένδροις. good workman or ἀγαθὸν ἐργάτην, ἢ
τῷ etc.) the garden. the wise artisan. τὸν σοφὸν τεχνίτην.
Not among those in Οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἐν τῷ I and you send the Ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ
the garden, but κήπῳ, ἀλλ’ ἐν τοῖς young man home. πέμπομεν οἴκαδε
among those in the ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ ἢ ἐν τῇ τὸν νεανίαν.
field or in the νομῇ.
pasture.
The young men are Οἱ νεανίαι οὔτε The apples are Τὰ μῆλα πίπτει εἰς
neither sitting here κάθηνται αὐτοῦ falling into the τὴν καλὴν κρήνην.
nor there. οὔτε ἐκεῖ. beautiful fountain.
31
EIGHTEENTH LESSON
68. Exercises
Ἔμπορος πλούσιος A rich merchant Τί ἔχει ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ὁ What has the man in
ἄνθρωπος; his hand?
Ὁ ἔμπορος The merchant is Σφῦραν ἢ χλαῖναν He has a hammer or
πλούσιός ἐστιν. rich. ἔχει. a cloak.
Οὐχ ὁ ἔμπορος, It is not the Ποῦ παίζει ὁ παῖς; Where is the boy
ἀλλ’ ὁ τεχνίτης merchant, but the playing?
πλούσιός ἐστιν. artisan who is rich.
Οὐχ οὕτω πλούσιος The merchant is not Ὁ παῖς ἐν τῷ κήπῳ The boy is playing
ὡς ἀγαθός ἐστιν ὁ so rich as good. παίζει. in the garden.
ἔμπορος.
Ἡ ὁδός ἐστι σκολιά. The road is crooked. Οἱ σοφοὶ νεανίαι ἐν The wise young
τοῖς ἀγροῖς men play in the
παίζουσιν. fields.
Σκολιαί εἰσιν αἱ The roads near the Ποῖ τὴν σφαῖραν Whither do they
ὁδοὶ αἱ ἐγγὺς τοῦ river are crooked. ῥίπτουσιν; throw their ball?
ποταμοῦ.
Ἡ ὁδὸς οὔτε οὕτω The road is neither Ὁ νεανίας τὴν The young man
μακρά ἐστιν, οὔτε so long, nor so σφαῖραν εἰς τὴν throws the ball into
οὕτω σκολιὰ ὡς ὁ crooked as the river. κρήνην ῥίπτει. the fountain.
ποταμός.
Ὁ ποταμὸς οὔτε The river is neither Ἡ σφαῖρα εἰς τὸν The ball falls into
μικρὸς οὔτε σκολιός small nor crooked. ποταμὸν πίπτει. the river.
ἐστιν.
Ὁ δάκτυλός σου Your finger is long Ὁ ἵππος ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ The horse runs out
μακρός ἐστι καὶ and little. εἰς τὴν νομὴν from the road into
μικρός. τρέχει. the pasture.
Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς ἐπὶ What has the boy on Ὁ πῖλος καὶ ἡ My hat and cloak
τοῦ δακτύλου; his finger? χλαῖνά μου καλὰ are beautiful.
ἐστιν.
Ὁ μικρὸς παῖς ἔχει ἢ The small boy has
μυῖαν ἢ μέλιτταν ἐπὶ either a fly or a bee
τοῦ δακτύλου. on his finger.
32
A rich man Ἄνθρωπος πλούσιος A small fly Μικρὰ μυῖα.
The merchant is a Ὁ ἔμπορός ἐστι Small cloaks Χλαῖναι μικραί.
rich man. πλούσιος.
The artisan is not so Ὁ τεχνίτης οὐχ The fly (that is) on Ἡ ἐπὶ τῆς χλαίνας
rich as the laborer. οὕτω πλούσιός ἐστιν the cloak μυῖα.
ὡς ὁ ἐργάτης.
The laborers are Οἱ ἐργάται πλούσιοί What fly? Τίς μυῖα;
rich. εἰσιν.
They are not so rich Οὐχ οὕτω πλούσιοί The one on my Ἡ ἐπί τοῦ
as wise. εἰσιν ὡς σοφοί. finger. δακτύλου.
The young man is Οὐ καλός ἐστιν ὁ What bee? Τίς μέλιττα;
not beautiful, but νεανίας, ἀλλὰ
wise. σοφός.
Not so wise as Οὐχ οὕτω σοφὸς ὡς The one on the rose. Ἡ ἐπὶ τοῦ ῥόδου.
beautiful καλός
The scholar is not so Ὁ μαθητὴς οὐχ Whom does your Τίνα πέμπει ὁ πατήρ
wise as the teacher. οὕτω σοφός ἐστιν father send into the σου εἰς τὴν κώμην;
ὡς ὁ διδάσκαλος. village?
Who are playing in Τίνες παίζουσιν ἐν He always sends the Ἀεὶ πέμπει τὸν
the gardens? τοῖς κήποις; wise youth. σοφὸν νεανίαν.
The boy and the girl Ὁ παῖς καὶ ἡ παῖς Just as he sends the Ὥσπερ πέμπει τὸν
are playing there. παίζουσιν ἐκεῖ. youth, so also he νεανίαν, οὕτω καὶ
sends the workman. πέμπει τὸν ἐργάτην.
Who is running out Τίς τρέχει ἐκ τοῦ The young man Ὁ νεανίας οὔτε
of the river? ποταμοῦ; neither plays in the παίζει ἐν τῷ κήπῳ,
garden, nor sits on a οὔτε κάθηται ἐπὶ
horse, but throws ἵππου, ἀλλὰ ῥίπτει
his (the) ball into τὴν σφαῖραν εἰς τὸν
the river. ποταμόν.
The man is running Ὁ ἄντθρωπος τρέχει
out of the river into ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ εἰς
the crooked road. τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν
σκολιάν.
33
NINETEENTH LESSON
74. Exercises
Τί ἔχεις ἐν τῷ κανῷ; What do you have Οὐ τὴν βακτηρίαν I don’t have the
in the basket? ἔχω τοῦ ἐργάτου, staff of the
ἀλλὰ τὸν πῖλον. workman, but the
hat.
Ὀστᾶ ἔχω. I have bones. Τίνα σφαῖραν What ball are you
ῥίπτεις; throwing?
Τὰ ἐν τῷ κανῷ ὀστᾶ The bones in the Οὐ τὴν τοῦ ἐμπόρου I am not throwing
λευκά ἐστιν. basket are white. σφαῖραν ῥίπτω, the ball of the
ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ merchant, but that
ἀγαθοῦ μαθητοῦ. of the good scholar.
Τίς ῥοῦς; What stream? Ἡμεῖς τὴν μικρὰν We throw the small
σφαῖραν ῥίπτομεν, ball, instead of that
ἀντὶ τῆς τοῦ σοφοῦ of the wise young
νεανίου. man.
Ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ. The one in the field. Ἡ τοῦ ἐργάτου The cloak of the
χλαῖνα οὐχ οὕτω workman is not as
λευκή ἐστιν ὡς ἡ white as that of the
τοῦ νεανίου. young man.
Οὐχ ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ Not the stream in Ὡς οἱ ἐν τῇ νομῇ As the horses in the
ροῦς, ἀλλ’ ὁ the field, but the one ἵπποι τρέχουσιν, pasture run, so run
πλησίον τῆς κώμης. near the village. οὕτω τρέχουσιν καὶ the horses of the
οἱ τοῦ ἐμπόρου merchant.
ἵπποι.
Ὁ νοῦς τοῦ νεανίου The mind of the Οἱ ῥοῖ μικροί τε καὶ
The streams are
young man καλοί εἰσιν. both small and
beautiful.
Οὔτε ὁ νοῦς, οὔτε ἡ Neither the mind, Ἔστι καλὰ μῆλα καὶ There are beautiful
κεφαλὴ τοῦ νεανίου nor the head of the ῥόδα ἐν τῷ κανῷ. apples and roses in
young man the basket.
Ὁ τοῦ διδασκάλου The mind of the Πόθεν τρέχουσιν αἱ Whence run the
νοῦς σοφός ἐστιν. teacher is wise. βόες; cows?
Οὐκ ἔχεις τὴν τοῦ Do you not have the Ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ εἰς They run out of the
ἐργάτου βακτηρίαν; staff of the laborer? τὸν ποταμὸν field into the river.
τρέχουσιν.
Οὐ τὴν τοῦ ἐργάτου I have not the staff
βακτηρίαν ἔχω, of the workman, but
ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ that of the rich
πλουσίου ἐμπόρου. merchant.
34
A white basket. Κανοῦν λευκόν. He has my cloak. Τὴν χλαῖνάν μου
ἔχει.
White baskets. Κανᾶ λευκά. He has the young Τὴν τοῦ νεανίου
man’s cloak. χλαῖναν ἔχει.
Our baskets are Τὰ κανᾶ ἡμῶν He has not the Οὐ τὴν χλαῖναν τοῦ
white. λευκά ἐστιν. merchant’s cloak, ἐμπόρου ἔχει, ἀλλὰ
but his hat. τὸν πῖλον.
The basket is not so Οὐχ οὕτω λευκόν A ball is falling into Σφαῖρα πίπτει εἰς
white as the bones. ἐστι τὸ κανοῦν ὡς my hat. τὸν πῖλόν μου.
τὰ ὀστᾶ.
The merchant’s Τὸ τοῦ ἐμπόρου Whence does it fall? Πόθεν πίπτει;
basket is not so κανοῦν οὔτε οὕτω
white nor so small λευκὸν οὔτε μικρὸν
as the artisan’s. ὡς τὸ τοῦ τεχνίτου.
The girl has small Ἡ παῖς ἔχει μικρὰ Out of the fig tree. Ἐκ τῆς συκῆς.
and white violets. καὶ λευκὰ ἴα.
We have nothing Οὐκ ἔχομεν οὐδὲν The apples fall from Τὰ μῆλα πίπτει ἀπὸ
but bones in the ἐν τῷ κανῷ πλὴν the apple trees into τῶν μηλεῶν εἰς τὴν
basket. ὀστῶν. the beautiful spring. καλὴν κρήνην.
They have roses and Ἔχουσι ῥόδα καὶ ἴα The little boy is Ὁ μικρὸς παῖς
violets in their (the) ἐν τοῖς κανοῖς, ἀντὶ sitting on the white κάθηται ἐν τῇ λευκῇ
baskets, instead of ῥιζῶν καὶ ἀκανθῶν. seat. ἕδρᾳ.
roots and thorns.
A fly instead of a Μυῖα ἀντὶ μελίττης. The cows lie on the Αἱ βόες κεῖνται ἐν
bee. rocks, near the ταῖς πέτραις, ἐγγὺς
corner of the τῆς γωνίας τῆς
pasture. νομῆς.
What has the thief? Τί ἔχει ὁ κλέπτης;
35
TWENTIETH LESSON
Render,
The horse (which is) in the road ὁ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἵππος
ὁ ἵππος ὁ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ
The cow (that is) in the field ἡ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ βοῦς
ἡ βοῦς ἡ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ
The rock near the stream ἡ πλησίον τοῦ ῥοῦ πέτρα
ἡ πέτρα ἡ πλησίον τοῦ ῥοῦ
The bones in the basket τὰ ἐν τῷ κανῷ ὀστᾶ
τὰ ὀστᾶ τὰ ἐν τῷ κανῷ
The boy on the roof ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς παῖς
ὁ παῖς ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς
The fountains in the village αἱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ κρῆναι
αἱ κρῆναι αἱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ
The apples in the apple tree τὰ ἐν τῇ μηλέᾳ μῆλα
τὰ μῆλα τὰ ἐν τῇ μηλέᾳ
79. Exercises
Ποῦ παίζει ὁ Where does your Τὸν ἀγαθὸν υἱὸν He is sending the
ἀδελφός σου; brother play? πέμπει. good son.
Ὁ ἀδελφὸς καὶ ἡ My brother and my Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ ἀδελφὸς I and my brother
ἀδελφή μου ἐν τῷ sister play in the ῥίπτομεν τὴν throw the ball.
κήπῳ παίζουσιν. garden. σφαῖραν.
Οὐκ ἐν τῷ τοῦ Not in the Τίνα σφαῖραν; What ball?
ἐργάτου κήπῳ, ἀλλ’ workman’s garden,
ἐν τῷ τοῦ πλουσίου but in that of the
ἐμπόρου. rich merchant.
Ποῦ παίζει ὁ υἱός Where does your Τὴν ἐν τῇ στοᾷ. The one in the
σου; son play? porch.
Ὁ υἱός μου παίζει ἐν My son plays in the Τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἕδρας The one on the seat
τῇ σκιᾷ τῆς οἰκίας. shadow of the τῆς ἐν τῇ στοᾷ. in the porch.
house.
Οὐκ ἐν τῇ τῆς οἰκίας Not in the shadow Πότε ῥίπτετε τὴν When do you throw
σκιᾷ, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῇ τοῦ of the house, but in σφαῖραν; the ball?
δένδρου σκιᾷ. the shadow of the
tree.
Ἡμεῖς καθήμεθα ἐν We sit in the Ἐν τῷ νῦν χρόνῳ. In the present time.
τῇ τοῦ δένδρου shadow of the tree.
σκιᾷ.
Οὐ παίζουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Are not our sons Οἱ νεανίαι τὰς ἐν τῇ The young men
ἡμῶν πλησίον τοῦ playing near the χηλῷ σφαίρας throw the balls in
36
ποταμοῦ; river? ῥίπτουσιν. the chest.
Οὐκ ἐκεῖ παίζουσιν, They are not playing Οὔτε τὰς ἐν τῇ χηλῷ They throw neither
οὐδὲ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ there, nor here, but ῥίπτουσιν, οὔτε τὰς the ones in the
πλησίον τῆς συκῆς. near the fig tree. ἐν τοῖς κανοῖς. chest, nor the ones
in the baskets.
Τίνα πέμπει ὁ πατήρ Who is your father
σου εἰς τὴν κώμην; sending into the
village?

A wise son. Υἱὸς σοφός. He has not the Οὐ τὰς τοῦ νεανίου,
young man’s, but ἀλλὰ τὰς τοῦ
the merchant’s. ἐμπόρου.
A good brother. Ἀδελφὸς ἀγαθός. What violets? Τίνα ἴα;
The beautiful sister. Ἡ καλὴ ἀδελφή. The beautiful ones Τὰ καλὰ τὰ ἐν τῷ
in (τὰ καλὰ τὰ ἐν) κήπῳ.
the garden.
Who has the Τίς ἔχει τὴν καλὴν What roots? Τίνες ῥίζαι;
beautiful staff? βακτηρίαν;
My sister has it Ἡ ἀδλελφή μου The roots of the Αἱ ῥίζαι αἱ τῆς
(αὐτήν). αὐτὴν ἔχει. apple tree. μηλέας.
Not the merchant’s Οὐχ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Not the roots of the Οὐχ αἱ τῆς μηλέας
son, but his brother. ἐμπόρου, ἀλλ’ ὁ apple tree, but those ῥίζαι, ἀλλ’ αἱ τῆς
ἀδελφός. of the fig tree. συκῆς.
What hat has my Τίνα πῖλον ἔχει ὁ The thorns of the Αἱ τοῦ ρόδου
son? υἱός μου; rose ἄκανθαι
He has the hat of his Τὸν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Nothing is so Οὐδὲν οὕτω καλόν
(the) brother. πῖλον ἔχει. beautiful as the rose. ἐστιν ὡς τὸ ῥόδον.
He has not his Οὐ τὸν πῖλον τοῦ Not roses but violets Οὐκ ῥόδα ἀλλ’ ἴα
brother’s hat but his ἀδελφοῦ ἔχει ἀλλὰ
books. τὰς βίβλους.
What staves has the Τίνας βακτηρίας We have nothing in Οὐδὲν ἔχομεν ἐν
father? ἔχει ὁ πατήρ; our (the) baskets τοῖς κανοῖς πλὴν
except violets. ἴων.
He has those of the Τὰς τοῦ νεανίου
young man. ἔχει.
37
TWENTY-FIRST LESSON
82. Exercises
Ἀδελφός. A brother. Τίνος εἰσὶν οἱ καλοὶ Whose are the
ἀγροί; beautiful fields?
Ὁ ἀδελφός μου. My brother. Οὐ τοῦ ἐμοῦ They are not my
ἀδελφοῦ εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ brother’s, but yours.
τοῦ σοῦ.
Ὁ ἐμὸς ἀδελφός. My brother. Ποῦ εἰσιν οἱ φίλοι Where are our
ἡμῶν; friends?
Οὐχ ὁ ἐμός, ἀλλ’ ὁ Not my, but your Ἢ ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν, They are sitting
σὸς ἀδελφός. brother. ἢ ἐν ταῖς στοαῖς either on the rocks,
κάθηνται. or in the porches.
Πέμπω τὸν (my) I send my son into Τί ἐστι τῷ φίλῳ What does my
υἱὸν εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν. the field. μου; friend have?
Τὸν τίνος υἱὸν Whose son do you Οὐδὲν τῷ φίλῳ σού Your friend has
πέμπεις; send? ἐστι, πλὴν nothing except a
βακτηρίας καὶ staff and a small
μικρᾶς χηλοῦ. chest.
Οὐ τὸν ἐμὸν πέμπω, I don’t send mine, Τί καλὸν ἔχεις; What have you
ἀλλὰ τὸν σόν. but yours. beautiful?
Ἐν τοῖς τίνος κήποις In whose gardens Οὐδὲν οὔτε καλὸν I have neither
παίζουσιν οἱ are the young men ἔχω, οὔτε ἀγαθόν. anything beautiful,
νεανίαι; playing? nor anything good.
Ἐν τοὶς καλοῖς τοῖς In the beautiful onesΟὐδὲν καλόν ἐστί I have nothing
τοῦ ἐμπόρου. of the merchant. μοι πλὴν ῥόδων καὶ beautiful but roses
ἴων. and violets.
Ὀὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς, They are not playing Οὐκ ἔχει νοῦν ὁ Has not the young
οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς σοῖς in mine, nor in νεανίας; man a mind?
παίζουσιν, ἀλλ’ ἐν yours, but in those
τοῖς τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ of the good teacher.
διδασκάλου.
Τίνος ἐισὶν οἱ κῆποι Whose are the Σοφὸν νοῦν ἔχει. He has a wise mind.
οἱ ἐγγὺς τοῦ καλοῦ gardens near the
ῥοῦ; beautiful stream?
Ἢ ἐμοί εἰσιν, ἢ τοῦ Either they are Ἡ τοῦ μαθητοῦ The scholar’s
σοφοῦ τεχνίτου. mine, or the wise γλῶσσα οὐχ οὕτω tonque is not as
artisan’s. σοφή ἐστιν, ὡς ἡ wise as the
τοῦ διδασκάλου. teacher’s.

What has my Τί ἐστι τῷ ἀδελφῷ What has (what is Τί ἐστι τῷ μαθητῇ;
38
brother? μου; there to) the
scholar?
Your brother has a Τῷ ἀδελφῷ σού ἐστι There are to the Τῷ μαθητῇ εἰσιν
staff. βακτηρία. scholar good books, ἀγαθαὶ βίβλοι καὶ
and a good mind. ἀγαθὸς νοῦς.
My father has Οὐδὲν ἔχει ὁ πατήρ Has the artisan Ἔχει τι καλὸν ὁ
nothing but a staff. μου πλὴν anything beautiful? τεχνίτης;
βακτηρίας.
Whose staff has he? Τίνος βακτηρίαν He has something Ἔχει τι καλὸν τε καὶ
ἔχει; both beautiful and ἀγαθόν.
good.
He has mine. Τὴν ἐμὴν ἔχει. What has he Τί ἔχει καλόν;
beautiful?
He has not mine, Οὐ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔχει, He has nothing Οὐδὲν ἔχει καλὸν
nor the merchant’s, οὔδε τὴν τοῦ beautiful except a πλὴν μικρᾶς
but that of the wise ἐμπόρου, ἀλλὰ τὴν small hammer. σφύρας.
artisan. τοῦ σοφοῦ τεχνίτου.
Has the teacher Ἔχει ὁ διδάσκαλος He has a ball instead Σφαῖραν ἔχει πλὴν
(any) books? βίβλους τινάς; of a hammer. σφύρας.
He has. Ἔχει. Is not the hammer Οὐκ ἐμή ἐστιν ἡ
mine? σφῦρα;
He has (some) good Ἔχει καλάς τινας. It is not yours, but Οὐκ ἡ σή ἐστιν,
ones. your friend’s. ἀλλὰ τοῦ φίλου σου.
The teacher has not Ὁ διδάσκαλος οὐκ Where does it lie? Ποῦ κεῖται;
so good books as ἔχει βίβλους οὕτω
the scholar. καλὰς ὡς ἔχει ὁ
μαθητής.
Neither I nor you Οὔτε ἐμοὶ οὔτε σοί It lies either on the Κεῖται ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς
have so good books εἰσι βίβλοι οὕτω hearth, or in the ἕστίας, ἢ ἐν τῇ
as the teacher. καλαὶ ὡς τῷ small chest, or near μικρᾷ χηλῷ, ἢ
διδασκάλῳ. the beautiful fig πλησίον τῆς συκῆς.
tree.
The teacher has a Ὁ διδάσκαλος
wise tonque. σοφὴν γλῶσσαν
ἔχει.
39
TWENTY-SECOND LESSON
Render,
From the hearth, Ἀπὸ τῆς ἕστίας,
from the fig tree. ἀπὸ τῆς συκῆς.
Out of the basket, Ἐκ τοῦ κανοῦ,
out of the chests. ἐκ τῶν χηλῶν.
Instead of a staff, Ἀντὶ βακτηρίας,
instead of the cloak. ἀντὶ τῆς χλαίνας.
On the table, Ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζας,
on the tonque. ἐπὶ τῆς γλώσσας.
On to the table, Ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν,
on to the rocks. ἐπὶ τὰς πέτρας.
In the hat, Ἐν τῷ πίλῳ,
in the mind. ἐν τῷ νῷ.
Into the fountain, Εἰς τὴν κρήνην,
into the basket. εἰς τὸ κανοῦν.
Except a ball, Πλὴν σφαίρας,
near the river. ἐγγὺς τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
85. Exercises
Χρυσοῦν ποτήριον. A golden cup. Τὰ τίνος ποτήρια Whose are the
χρυσᾶ ἐστιν; golden cups?
Τὸ χρυσοῦν The golden cup is Οὐ τὰ ἐμὰ ποτήρια The golden cups are
ποτήριον καλόν beautiful. χρυσᾶ ἐστιν, οὐδὲ not mine, nor yours,
ἐστιν. τὰ σά, ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν but our friends’.
φίλων ἡμῶν.
Τὸ ἐμὸν ποτήριον My cup is not as Τί ἐστι τῷ ἐμπόρῳ; What does the
οὐχ οὕτω καλόν beautiful as yours. merchant have?
ἐστιν, ὡς τὸ σόν.
Τὰ σὰ ποτήρια οὐχ Your cups are not as Ἔστι τῷ ἐμπόρῳ The merchant has a
οὕτω μικρά ἐστιν ὡς small as those of the χλαῖνα πορφυρᾶ τε cloak both purple
τὰ τοῦ ἐμπόρου. merchant. καὶ χρυσῆ. and gold.
Ἡμῖν ἐστιν ἀργυρᾶ We have both silver Ποῦ κεῖνται αἱ Where lie the
τε ποτήρια καὶ and golden cups. χλαῖναι; cloaks?
χρυσᾶ.
Χρυσοῦν κανοῦν. A golden basket. Ἐν τῇ χρυσῇ χηλῷ They lie in the
κεῖνται. golden chest.
Οὐ χρυσᾶ ἐστι τὰ The baskets are not Ἡ σφαῖρα οὐ κεῖται The ball lies not on
κανᾶ, ἀλλ’ ἀργυρᾶ. golden, but silver. ἐπί τῆς τραπέζης, the table, but falls
ἀλλὰ πίπτει ἐπὶ τὴν on to the chest.
χηλόν.
40
Τί ἔχει ὁ παῖς ἐν τῷ What does the boy Οἱ νεανίαι ἢ The young men
χρυσῷ κανῷ; have in the golden κάθηνται ἐπὶ τῆς either sit on the seat
basket? ἕδρας, ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν or run on to the
ὀροφὴν τρέχουσιν. roof.
Ἔχει καλὰ ἀργυρᾶ He has beautiful Ὁ παῖς ῥίπτει τὴν The boy throws the
μῆλα. silver apples. σφαῖραν ἐπὶ τὴν ball on to the house.
οἰκίαν.
Ἔχει ἀργυρᾶς He has silver
σφύρας, καὶ χρυσᾶ hammers and
ποτήρια. golden cups.

A friend of mine. Φίλος μου. Who lies here? Τίς κεῖται ἐνταῦθα;
My friend. Ὁ φίλος μου. My son lies here. Ὁ υἱός μου ἐνταῦθα
κεῖται.
Not my friend, but Οὐχ ὁ ἐμὸς φίλος, Where? Ποῦ;
yours. ἀλλ’ ὁ σός.
Both my friend, and Ὁ ἐμός τε φίλος καὶ On the roof. Ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς.
the merchant’s. τοῦ ἐμπόρου.
What has the Τί ἔχει ὁ ἐμπόρος; Not on the roof, but Οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς,
merchant? on the table. ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῆς
τραπέζης.
He has purple Ἔχει πορφυρᾶς The ball falls on to Ἡ σφαῖρα πίπτει ἐπὶ
cloaks, and golden χλαίνας, καὶ χρυσᾶ the table. τὴν τράπεζαν.
cups. ποτήρια.
The silver cup is not Τὸ ἀργυροῦν The ball does not lie Ἡ σφαῖρα οὐ κεῖται
so beautiful as the ποτήριον οὐχ οὕτω on the chest, but in ἐπὶ τῆς χηλοῦ, ἀλλ’
golden one. καλόν ἐστιν ὡς τὸ the chest. ἐν τῇ χηλῷ.
χρυσοῦν.
Whose is this Τὸ τίνος ποτήριον The apples fall not Τὰ μῆλα οὐ πίπτει
golden cup? χρυσοῦν ἐστιν; (οὐ πίπτει) on to the ἐπὶ τὸ κανοῦν, ἀλλ’
basket, but into the εἰς τὸ κανοῦν.
basket.
Whose is it (τίνος Τίνος ἐστίν; The horses always Οἱ ἵπποι ἀεὶ
ἐστίν)? run either into the τρέχουσιν ἢ εἰς τὴν
road, or on to the ὁδόν, ἢ ἐπὶ τὰς
rocks. πέτρας.
It is the merchant’s. Τοῦ ἐμπόρου. The cow is either Ἡ βοὺς ἢ τρέχει ἐν
running in the road, τῇ ὁδῷ, ἢ εἰς τὴν
or into the road. ὁδόν.
It is neither mine Οὐκ τὸ ἐμόν ἐστιν, The boy is not Ὁ παῖς οὐ τρέχει ἐπὶ
nor the merchant’s; οὐδὲ τοῦ ἐμπόρου, running on the τῆς οἰκίας, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ
it is the laborer’s. ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐργάστου. house, but on to the τὴν οἰκίαν.
house.
41
The purple cloaks Αἱ πορφυραῖ χλαῖναι
are not so beautiful οὐχ οὕτω καλαί
as the white ones. εἰσιν, ὡς αἱ λευκαί.
TWENTY-THIRD LESSON
89. Exercises
Τίς ἔρχεται; Who is coming? Οἱ φίλοι ἡμῶν πρὸ Our friends come
τῆς ἑσπέρας before evening.
ἔρχονται.
Ἔρχεται ὁ πατήρ My father is Πότε πέμπει ὁ When does the
μου. coming. πατὴρ τὸν υἱόν; father send his son?
Οὐχ ἔρχεται εἰς τὴν Is not your mother Πέμπει αὐτὸν πρὸ He sends him before
στοὰν ἡ μήτηρ σου; coming into the τῆς ἡμέρας. day.
porch?
Οὐχ ἡ ἐμὴ μήτηρ It is not my mother Ἡ οὐρὰ τοῦ ταώ. The tail of the
ἔρχεται, ἀλλ’ ἡ σή. coming, but yours. peacock.
Ὁ ταώς. The peacock. Οὐχ ἡ οὐρά, ἀλλ’ ἡ Not the tail, but the
κεφαλὴ τοῦ ταώ. head of the peacock.
Ταῲ καὶ λαγῴ. Peacocks and hares. Οὔτε ἡ τοῦ ταώ Neither the
οὐρά, οὔτε ἡ τοῦ peacock’s tail, nor
σκιούρου. that of the squirrel.
Οἱ τε λαγῲ και οἱ The hares and the Ἡ τοῦ σκιούρου The squirrel’s tail is
ταῴ. peacocks. οὐρὰ οὐχ οὕτω καλή not as beautiful as
ἐστιν, ὡς ἡ τοῦ ταώ. the peacock’s.
Τί λαμβάνει ὁ παῖς; What does the boy Πρὸ τοῦ χρόνου. Before the time.
catch?
Σκίουρον λαμβάνει. He catches a Ὁ κλέπτης πρὸ τῆς The thief comes
squirrel. ἕω ἔρχεται. before the dawn.
Ὑμεῖς οὐ You do not catch Αἱ βόες κεῖνται πρὸ The cows lie before
σκιούρους, ἀλλὰ squirrels, but hares. τῆς πύλης. the gate.
λαγὼς λαμβάνετε.
Οὐχ ἡμεῖς τοὺς It is not we who Ἡ ἕως οὐχ οὕτω The dawn is not as
λαγὼς λαμβάνομεν, catch the hares, but καλή ἐστιν ὡς ἡ beautiful as the
ἀλλ’ ὑμεῖς. you. ἑσπέρα. evening.
Ἡμεῖς τε καὶ ὑμεῖς We and you come Τὸ μικρὸν ἀνώγεων. The small dining
πρὸ τῆς ἕω εἰς τὸ into the dining hall hall.
ἀνώγεων ἐρχόμεθα. before the dawn.

Whence comes the Πόθεν ἔρχεται ὁ The tail of the ἡ τοῦ ταὼ οὐρὰ
young man? νεανίας; peacock is beautiful. καλή ἐστιν.
The young man Ὁ νεανίας ἐκ τοῦ The tail of the ἡ τοῦ ταὼ οὐρὰ οὐχ
42
comes out of the ἀνώγεω ἔρχεται. peacock is not so οὕτω μικρά ἐστιν,
dining-hall. small as that of the ὡς ἡ τοῦ σκιούρου.
squirrel.
The peacock and the Ὁ ταὼς καὶ ὁ A purple cloak. Πορφυρᾶ χλαῖνα.
squirrel are running σκίουρος εἰς τὸ
into the dining-hall. ἀνώγεων τρέχουσιν.
When does the thief Πότε ἔρχεται ὁ Whose is the golden Τίνος ἐστὶν τὸ
come? κλέπτης; cup? χρυσοῦν ποτήριον;
Not before noon, Οὐ πρὸ μεσημβρίας, It is mine. Τὸ ἐμόν ἐστιν.
but before morning. ἀλλὰ πρὸ ἡμέρας.
The teacher sends Ὁ διδάσκαλος It is not mine, but Οὐ τὸ ἐμόν ἐστιν,
his (the) disciple πέμπει τὸν μαθητὴν my brother’s. ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ
before evening. πρὸ ἑσπέρας. μου.
Whither does he Ποῖ αὐτὸν πέμπει; The horse lies Ὁ ἴππος κεῖται πρὸ
send him? before the gate. τῆς πύλης.
Into the village. Εἰς τὴν κώμην. The maidens sit Αἰ κόραι κάθηνται
before the porch. πρὸ τῆς στοᾶς.
Into what village? Εἰς τίνα κώμην; Noon is not so Ἡ μεσημβρία οὐχ
beautiful as morning οὕτω καλή ἐστιν ὡς
(ἡ ἕως). ἡ ἕως.
Into the one near the Εἰς τὴν πλησίον τοῦ Where lies the Ποῦ κεῖται τὸ
river. ποταμοῦ. basket? κανοῦν;
What do the young Τί λαμβάνουσιν οἱ It lies in the dining- Κεῖται ἐν τῷ
men catch? νεανίαι; hall. ἀνώγεῳ.
They catch hares Λαμβάνουσι λαγὼς The day is beautiful. Ἡ ἡμέρα καλή
and peacocks. τε καὶ ταώς. ἐστιν.
43
TWENTY-FOURTH LESSON
Render,
From the soul, out of the mind. Ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς, ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ.
Instead of baskets, before the gates. Ἀντὶ κανῶν, πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν.
On the roof, on to the rocks. Ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς, ἐπὶ τὰς πέτρας.
In the fig-tree, into the river. Ἐν τῇ συκῇ, εἰς τὸν ποταμόν.
To the physician, to the thief. Πρὸς τὸν ἰατρόν, πρὸς τὸν κλέπτην.
93. Exercises
Ὁ ἄνθρωπος (man) Man is an animal. Ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ I and you write
ζῶόν ἐστιν. ἐπιστολὰς letters.
γράφομεν.
Ἡ ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός The soul is Πρὸς τίνα γράφετε; To whom do you
ἐστιν. immortal. write?
Ὁ ἄνθρωπος (man) Man has a soul and Πρὸς τὸν ἔμπειρον To the experienced
ψυχὴν καὶ νοῦν ἔχει. a mind. ἰατρόν. physician.
Ὁ ἵππος ζῶον The horse is an Ποίας ἐπιστολὰς What sort of letters
ἄλογόν ἐστιν. irrational animal. γράφετε; do you write?
Οὔτε οἱ ἵπποι, οὔτε Neither the horses Καλὰς γράφομεν We write beautiful
οἱ λαγῲ ψυχὰς nor the hares have ἐπιστολάς. letters.
ἔχουσιν. souls.
Τὰ ἄλογα ζῶα οὐχ The irrational Ποίαν ἐπιστολὴν What kind of letter
ἀθάνατά ἐστιν. animals are not γράφει ἡ κόρη; does the maiden
immortal. write?
Ἄνθρωπος ἄδικος. An unjust man. Καλὴν γράφει. She writes a
beautiful one.
Οἱ ἄδικοι ἄνθρωποι The unjust men are Ὁ πατὴρ γράφει The father writes to
κακοί εἰσιν. bad. πρὸς τὸν (his) υἱόν. his son.
Ὁ ἀγαθὸς νεανίας The good youth is Ὁ ἀδελφὸς The brother sends a
οὐκ ἄδικός ἐστιν. not unjust. ἐπιστολὴν πέμπει letter to his sister.
πρὸς τὴν ἀδελφήν.
Γράφω ἐπιστολήν. I write a letter. Ὁ πατὴρ τὸν υἱὸν The father sends his
πέμπει πρὸς τὸν son to the wise
σοφὸν διδάσκαλον. teacher.
44
An experienced Ἔμπειρος τεχνίτης. We do not write Οὐχ ἡμεῖς γράφομεν
artisan. (οὐχ ἡμεῖς ἐπιστολάς, ἀλλ’
γράφομεν) letters, ὑμεῖς.
but you.
The experienced Ὁ ἔμπειρος ἰατρός. It is not you that Οὐχ ὑμεῖς γράφετε,
physician. write (οὐχ ὑμεῖς ἀλλ’ οἱ ἔμποροι.
γράφετε), but the
merchants.
My physician is not Ὁ ἐμὸς ἰατρὸς οὐχ Whither are the Ποῖ τρέχουσιν οἱ
so skilful as yours. οὕτω ἔμπειρός hares running? λαῴ;
ἐστιν, ὡς ὁ σός.
The young man is Ὁ νεανίας ἄδικός They are running to Τρέχουσι πρὸς τὸν
unjust. ἐστιν. the river. ποταμόν.
An irrational soul. Ἄλογος ψυχή. What does the thief Τί λαμβάνει ὁ
take? κλέπτης;
Horses have Ἵπποι ἀλόγους He takes purple Λαμβάνει πορφυρᾶς
irrational souls. ψυχὰς ἔχουσιν. cloaks. χλαίνας.
Man is not an Ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ What does the Τί λαμβάνει ὁ
irrational animal. ἄλογον ζῶόν ἐστιν. young man catch? νεανίας;
What has the Τί ἔχει ἡ κόρη ἐν τῇ He catches Ταὼς λαμβάνει.
maiden in her (the) χειρί; peacocks.
hand?
She has a letter. Ἐπιστολὴν ἔχει. What sort of a Ποῖον ἰατρὸν ἔχετε;
physician have you?
Who writes letters Τίς γράφει We have a skilful Ἔμπειρον ἰατρὸν
to the maiden? ἐπιστολὰς πρὸς τῆν physician. ἔχομεν.
κόρην;
Either her (the) Ἢ ὁ πατὴρ ἢ ὁ The squirrel runs Ὁ σκίουρος πρὸ ἕω
father, or the good ἀγαθὸς νεανίας. before day into the εἰς τὸ ἀνώγεων
youth. dining hall. τρέχει.
45
TWENTY-FIFTH LESSON
97. Exercises
Πότερα τοῖς κακοῖς Are you well- Οὐ μόνον τὸν υἱὸν He sends not only
ἔυνους εἶ, ἢ τοῖς disposed to the bad, πέμπει, ἀλλὰ καὶ his son, but also me.
ἀγαθοῖς; or to the good? ἐμέ.
Ἀεὶ ἔυνους εἰμὶ τοῖς I am always well- Πότερον ἔχει τὴν Which chest has the
ἀγαθοῖς. disposed to the ἐμὴν χηλὸν ὁ artisan, mine or the
good. τεχνίτης, ἢ τὴν τοῦ merchant’s?
ἐμπόρου;
Πότερον ἐπὶ τῶν Is the boy sitting on Οὔτε τὴν ἐμὴν ἔχει, He has neither mine,
πετρῶν κάθηται ὁ the rocks, or is he οὔτε τὴν τοῦ nor the merchant’s.
παῖς, ἢ εἰς τὸν running into the ἐμπόρου.
ποταμὸν τρέχει; river?
Μόνον οὐκ εἰς τὸν Only he does not Τὴν σήν, ἀλλ’ οὐ He has yours, but
ποταμὸν τρέχει. run into the river. τὴν τοῦ ἐμπόρου not the merchant’s.
ἔχει.
Πότερον ἐπὶ τὴν Do you throw the Ὁ σοφὸς The wise teacher is
ὀροφὴν ῥίπτεις τὴν ball on to the roof, διδάσκαλος εὔνους well-disposed to the
σφαῖραν, ἢ εἰς τὴν or into the fountain? ἐστὶ τῷ ἀγαθῷ good student.
κρήνην; μαθητῇ.
Οὔτε εἰς τὴν κρήνην I neither throw it Πότερον ἀθάνατός Is the soul immortal,
ῥίπτω αὐτήν (it), into the fountain, ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή, ἢ οὔ; or not?
οὔτε ἐπὶ τὴν nor on to the roof.
ὀροφήν.
Τίνες πρὸς ἡμᾶς Who comes to us? Ἡ ψυχὴ μόνη The soul alone is
ἔρχονται; ἀθάνατός ἐστιν. immortal.
Οἱ νεανίαι μόνοι The young men Οὐδὲν πλὴν τῆς Nothing except the
ἔρχονται. alone come. ψυχῆς ἀθάνατόν soul is immortal.
ἐστιν.
Τίνα πέμπει ὁ πατὴρ Whom does the Τῶν ἀνθρώπων Only men’s souls
πρὸς τὸν father send to the μόνων αἱ ψυχαὶ are immortal.
διδάσκαλον; teacher? ἀθάνατοί εἰσιν.
Τὸν μόνον υἱὸν He sends his only Ὁ κλέπτης καὶ The thief is both bad
πέμπει. son. κακὸς καὶ ἄδικός and unjust.
ἐστιν.

The soul of man is Ἡ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου He has not only Οὐ μόνον χλαίνας
not irrational. ψυχὴ οὐκ ἄλογός cloaks, but golden ἔχει, ἀλλὰ χρυσᾶ
ἐστιν. cups. ποτήρια.
Is the soul irrational Πότερον ἄλογός When does our Πότε ἔρχεται ὁ
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or not? ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή, ἢ οὔ; friend come? φίλος ἡμῶν;
Is the physician Πότερα ἔμπειρός He comes not only Ἔρχεται οὐ μόνον
experienced or not? ἐστιν ὁ ἰατρός, ἢ οὔ; before morning, but πρὸ τῆς ἕω, ἀλλὰ
also before evening. καὶ πρὸ ἑσπέρας.
My physician is not Ὁ ἐμὸς ἰατρὸς οὐχ Not only the day is Οὐ μόνον καλή
so experienced as οὕτω ἔμπειρός ἐστιν beautiful, but also ἐστιν ἡ ἡμέρα, ἀλλὰ
yours. ὡς ὁ σός. the morning and the καὶ ἡ ἕως καὶ ἡ
evening. ἑσπέρα.
Is the soul immortal, Πότερα ἀθάνατος ἡ Both the morning Καὶ ἡ ἕως καὶ ἡ
or not? ψυχή, ἢ οὔ; and the evening are ἑσπέρα καλαί ἐισιν.
beautiful.
Even (καί) the Καὶ ἡ κακὴ ψυχὴ To whom does your Πρὸς τίνα γράφει ὁ
wicked soul is ἀθάνατός ἐστιν. father write letters? πατήρ σου;
immortal.
What sort of a cloak Ποίαν χλαῖναν ἔχει He writes not only Οὐ μόνον πρὸς ἐμὲ
has the merchant? ὁ ἔμπορος; to me, but also to γράφει, ἀλλὰ καὶ
his only son. πρὸς τὸν μόνον
υἱόν.
He has a purple Πορφυρᾶν χλαῖναν The son comes Ὁ υἱὸς μόνος
cloak. ἔχει. alone. ἔρχεται.
He has neither my Οὔτε ἔχει τὴν ἐμὴν Who comes besides Τίς ἔρχεται πλὴν
cloak, nor yours, but χλαῖναν, οὔτε τὴν (πλήν) the thief? τοῦ κλέπτου;
my friend’s. σήν, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ
φίλου μου.
47
TWENTY-SIXTH LESSON
Render,
Τρέχομεν ἀπὸ τῆς νομῆς, ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ. We run from the pasture, out from the field.
Ἡ σφαῖρα κεῖται ἐν τῷ κανῷ, ἢ πίπτει εἰς The ball lies in the basket, or it falls into
τὸ κανοῦν. the basket.
Λαμβάνω σκιούρους ἀντὶ λαγῶν. I catch squirrels instead of hares.
Πότερα κάθηνται πρὸ τῆς πύλης, ἢ οὔ; Are they sitting before the gate, or not?
Τὸ ποτήριον οὐ κεῖται ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης, The cup does not lie on the table, but falls
ἀλλὰ πίπτει ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν. on to the table.
Ὁ παῖς ἢ κεῖται ἐπὶ τῇ κρήνῃ, ἢ ἔρχεται The boy either lies by the fountain, or goes
πρὸς τὴν κώμην. to the village.
102. Exercises
Ὁ θεὸς ἵλεώς ἐστι God is propitious to Ὁ κακὸς ἀεὶ ἄθλιος. The bad (man) is
τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς. the good. always miserable.
Οὐ τοῖς κακοῖς It is not the bad to Τίνα διώκεις; Whom do you
εὔνούς ἐστιν ὁ θεός, whom God is pursue?
ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς. friendly, but the
good.
Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἀεὶ τὰ The good always Τὸν κλέπτην διώκω. I pursue the thief.
ἀγαθὰ διώκουσιν. pursue good things.
Ἡμεῖς οὐδὲν πλὴν We flee nothing Οἱ κλέπται ἡμᾶς The thieves pursue
τοῦ κακοῦ except evil. διώκουσιν. us.
φεύγομεν.
Ὁ κακὸς ἀεὶ τὸ The bad (man) Ἡμεῖς οὐ μόνον We not only pursue,
κακὸν διώκει. always pursues evil. διώκομεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ but also catch the
λαμβάνομεν τοὺς thieves.
κλέπτας.
Τίς μακάριός ἐστιν; Who is happy? Οἱ ἄδικοι ἀεὶ τοὺς The unjust always
ἀδίκους διώκουσιν. pursue the unjust.
Οἱ δίκαιοι μόνοι The just alone are Οἱ κακοὶ τοὺς The bad flee the
μακάριοί εἰσιν. happy. ἀγαθοὺς φεύγουσιν. good.
Ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἀεὶ The good (man) is Ποῦ κάθηνται αἱ Where are the
μακάριός ἐστιν. always happy. κόραι; maidens sitting?
Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ οὐ μόνον The good are not Ἐπὶ ταῖς κρήναις They sit by the
σοφοί, ἀλλὰ καὶ only wise, but also κάθηνται. fountains.
μακάριοί ἐισιν. happy.
Οἱ κακοὶ μόνοι The wicked alone Οἱ νεανίαι ἐπὶ τῷ The young men play
ἄθλιοί ἐισιν. are miserable. μικρῷ ῥῷ at the small stream.
παίζουσιν.
Ὁ θεὸς οὐχ ἵλεώς God is not Τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἀεὶ Good is always
48
ἐστι τοῖς κακοῖς. propitious to the καλόν ἐστιν. beautiful.
bad.
The thief is Ὁ κλέπτης ἄθλιός Is the good (man) Πότερον μακάριός
miserable. ἐστιν. happy or miserable? ἐστιν ὁ ἀγαθός, ἢ
ἄθλιος;
Thieves are neither Κλέπται οὔτε σοφοὶ The good (man) is Ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἀεὶ
wise nor happy. οὔτε μακάριοί εἰσιν. always happy. μακάριος.
The young man is Ὁ νεανίας οὐ The bad are always Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ ἄθλιοι.
not a thief. κλέπτης ἐστίν. miserable.
The thief always Ὁ κλέπτης ἀεὶ The soul of the Ἡ τοῦ ἀδίκου ψυχὴ
shuns the good φεύγει τὸν ἀγαθόν. unjust (man) is evil. κακή ἐστιν.
(man).
The good (τὸ Τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἀεὶ God is always Ὁ θεὸς ἀεὶ ἵλεώς
ἀγαθόν) is always καλόν. propitious to the ἐστι τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς.
honorable. good.
God is propitious to Ὁ θεὸς ἵλεώς ἐστι What have you in Τί ἔχετε ἐν τῷ
the good. τῷ ἀγαθῷ. your (the) basket? κανῷ;
The good neither Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τὸ κακὸν We have purple Ἔχομεν πορφυρᾶς
flee nor pursue the οὔτε φεύγουσιν οὔτε cloaks, and golden χλαίνας καὶ χρυσᾶ
bad. διώκουσιν. cups. ποτήρια.
The unjust always Οἱ ἄδικοι ἀεὶ ἢ Not my cups, but the Οὐ τὰ ἐμὰ ποτήρια,
either flee or pursue φεὺγουσιν ἢ τοὺς merchant’s. ἀλλὰ τὰ τοῦ
the just. δικαίους διώκουσιν. ἐμπόρου.
The morning Ἡ ἕως διώκει τὴν Where do the silver Ποῦ κεῖνται αἱ
pursues the evening. ἑσπέραν. balls lie? ἀργυραῖ σφαῖραι;
The good always Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἀεὶ They lie by the Κεῖνται ἐπὶ τῇ
pursue what is noble διώκουσι τὸ καλόν. fountain. κρήνῃ.
(τὸ καλόν).
Is the physician just Πότερον ὁ ἰατρὸς Both the horse and Καὶ ὁ ἵππος καὶ ἡ
or unjust? δίκαιος ἢ ἄδικός the cow are fleeing. βοῦς φεύγουσιν.
ἐστιν;
He is just, not (οὐκ Δίκαιος, ἀλλ’ οὐκ The youth flees Ὁ νεανίας μόνος
or ἀλλ’ οὐκ) unjust. ἄδικός ἐστιν. alone. φεύγει.
TWENTY-SEVENTH LESSON
104. Exercises
Αὕτη ἡ οἰκία. This house. Τοῦτό ἐστι ζῶον This is an irrational
49
ἄλογον. animal.
Αὕτη ἡ ὑψηλὴ This high house. Οὗτοι οἱ δίκαιοι These just men
οἰκία. ἄνθρωποι τὰ ἀγαθὰ pursue good things.
διώκουσιν.
Αἱ οἰκίαι αὕται αἱ These beautiful Οὗτος ὁ κλέπτης This thief flees the
καλαὶ στοὰς καὶ houses have porches τὸν δίκαιον φεύγει. just man.
ἑστίας ἔχουσιν. and hearths.
Οὗτος ὁ λόφος This hill is high. Ταῦτα καλά ἐστιν. These things are
ὑψηλός ἐστιν. beautiful.
Οὗτος ὁ λόφος οὐχ This hill is not as Εἰσὶ (there are) There are beautiful
οὕτως ὑψηλός ἐστιν, lofty as the one near καλαὶ κῶμαι ἐν villages in this
ὡς ὁ πλησίον τοῦ the river. τούτῳ τῷ πεδίῳ. plain.
ποταμοῦ.
Πόθεν ἔρχονται Whence come these Ποῖοι λόφοι εἰσὶ What kind of hills
οὗτοι οἱ ἀγαθοὶ good young men? πλησίον τοῦ are near the river?
νεανίαι; ποταμοῦ;
Ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ They come from the Εἰσὶν ὑψηλοὶ λόφοι. There are lofty hills.
κώμης ἔρχονται. village in the plain.
Τίνες εἰσὶν ἐν τοῖς Who are in these Τίνας σφαίρας Which balls are you
κήποις τούτοις τοίς beautiful gardens? ῥίπτετε; throwing?
καλοῖς;
Αὕται αἱ καλαὶ These beautiful Ταύτας ῥίπτομεν We are throwing
κόραι εἰσὶν αὐτοῦ. maidens are here. ἀντὶ τῶν τοῦ these ones instead of
ἐργάτου. those of the
workman.
Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; What is this?

The hill is high. Ὁ λόφος ὑψηλός These beautiful Οὗτοι οἱ καλοὶ ταῴ.
ἐστιν. peacocks.
The hills are not Ὁι λόφοι οὐχ This young man Οὗτος ὁ νεανίας
high. ὑψηλοί εἰσιν. pursues these διώκει τούτους τοὺς
peacocks on to the ταὼς ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον.
hill.
The houses in the Αἱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ This letter is Ἡ ἐπιστολὴ αὕτη
village are not so οἰκίαι οὐχ οὕτως beautiful. καλή ἐστιν.
high as the hill. ὑψηλαί εἰσιν ὡς ὁ
50
λόφος.
These hills are not Οὗτοι οἱ λόφοι οὐχ Who writes this Τίς γράφει ταύτην
so high as the one οὕτως ὑψηλοί εἰσιν beautiful letter? τὴν καλὴν
near the village. ὡς ὁ πλησίον τῆς ἐπιστολήν;
κώμης.
Whose are these Τίνος εἰσὶν οὗτοι οἱ This day. Αὕτη ἡ ἡμέρα.
gardens? κῆποι;
They are mine. Ἐμοί εἰσιν. Before this day. Πρὸ ταύτης τῆς
ἡμέρας.
They are my Τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου A day instead of an Ἡμέρα ἀντὶ
brother’s. εἰσίν. evening. ἑσπέρας.
Who writes these Τίς γράφει ταῦτα; Either on the table, Ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης,
things? or on to the roof, or ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν ὀροφήν, ἢ
by the spring. ἐπὶ τῇ κρήνῃ.
The father writes Ὁ πατὴρ ταύτας τὰς Who are playing? Τίνες παίζουσιν;
these letters to his ἐπιστολὰς γράφει
son. πρὸς τὸν υἱόν.
The brother writes Ὁ ἀδελφὸς γράφει It is not we that (οὐχ Οὐχ ἡμεῖς παίζομεν,
this letter to his ταύτην τὴν ἡμεῖς) play, but you. ἀλλ’ ὑμεῖς.
sister. ἐπιστολὴν πρὸς τὴν
ἀδελφήν.
This beautiful letter. Ἡ καλὴ ἐπιστολὴ Not only we play, Οὐ μόνον ἡμεῖς
αὕτη. but also you. παίζομεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ
ὑμεῖς.
51
TWENTY-EIGHTH LESSON
107. Exercises
Πόσος χρόνος; How much time? Οὐ τοσούτους He does not catch so
λαγὼς λαμβάνει many hares as
ὅσους σκιούρους. squirrels.
Τοσοῦτος χρόνος. So much time. Ποῖον οἶνον ἔχετε; What sort of wine
do you have?
Ἐν τοσοῦτῳ χρόνῳ. In so much time. Οὐ τοιοῦτον οἶνον We do not have
ἔχομεν οἷον ὑμεῖς. such wine as you.
Ὑμῖν οὐκ ἔστι You do not have so Ὁ ἐργάτης οὐ The workman does
τοσοῦτος χρόνος much time as we. τοιοῦτον οἶνον πίνει not drink such wine
ὅσος ἡμῖν. οἶον ὁ πλούσιος as the rich
ἔμπορος. merchant.
Πόσον οἶνον ἔχετε; How much wine Πηλίκα ἐστὶ ταῦτα How great are these
have you? τὰ κακά (these evils?
evils);
Οὐ τοσοῦτον ἔχομεν We do not have so Τὰ ἐμὰ κακὰ οὐ My evils are not so
οἶνον ὅσον οἱ φίλοι much wine as our τηλικαῦτά ἐστιν great as yours.
ἡμῶν. friends. ἡλίκα τὰ σά.
Πόσοι νεανίαι εἰσὶν How many youths Πηλίκος ἐστὶν ὁ How old is the
ἐν τῷ κήπῳ; are in the garden? νεανίας; youth?
Οὐ τοσοῦτοι ὅσους Not as many as I see Οὐ τηλικοῦτός ἐστιν He is not so old as
ὁρῶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λόφου. on the hill. ἡλίκος ὁ ἀδελφός my brother.
μου.
Οὐκ ἐκεῖ τοσοῦτοι There there are not Οὐχ ὁρῶ τοσαύτην I do not see so much
νεανίαι εἰσίν, ὅσα so many youths as σοφίαν ἐν τῷ wisdom in this
ῥόδα. roses. διδασκάλῳ τούτῳ, teacher as in his
ὅσην ἐν τῷ μαθητῇ. student.
Τὰ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ ῥόδα The roses in the Αὕτη ἡ σοφία. This wisdom.
οὐ τοσαῦτά ἐστιν garden are not so
ὅσα τὰ ἐν τοῖς many as those in the
ἀγροῖς. fields.
Ὁ παῖς οὐκ ἔχει The boy does not
τοσαύτας ἀργυρᾶς have so many silver
σφαίρας ὅσας ἐγώ. balls as I.
52
What sort of a house Ποίαν οἰκίαν ἔχει ὁ We do not throw as Οὐ ῥίπτομεν
has your friend? φίλος σου; many apples as τοσαῦτα μῆλα, ὅσας
balls. σφαίρας.
He has a beautiful Καλὴν ἔχει. We do not throw so Οὐ ῥίπτομεν
house. many apples into the τοσαῦτα μῆλα εἰς τὸ
cup as (ὅσα) on to ποτήριον, ὅσα ἐπὶ
the house. τὴν οἰκίαν.
He has such a house Τοιαύτην οἰκίαν We have not so Οὐκ ἔχομεν
as the rich ἔχει οἵαν ὁ πλούσιος many purple cloaks τοσαύτας πορφυρᾶς
physician. ἰατρός. as silver and golden χλαίνας, ὅσα
cups. ἀργυρᾶ τε καὶ
χρυσᾶ ποτήρια.
He has such a house Τοιαύτην οἰκίαν The father does not Ὁ πατὴρ οὐ γράφει
as those in ἔχει οἷαι αἱ ἐν τῇ write so many τοσαύτας ἐπιστολὰς,
(τοιαύτην οἰκίαν κώμῃ. letters as the son. ὅσας ὁ υἱός.
οἶαι αἰ ἐν) the
village.
The physician has Ὁ ἰατρὸς οὐκ ἔχει How old is the Πηλίκος ἐστὶν ὁ
not such a house as τοιαύτην οἰκίαν οἵα father? πατήρ;
that (οἵα) of the ἡ τοῦ ἐμπόρου.
merchant.
These houses are Αὗται αἱ οἰκίαι οὐχ He is not so old as I. Οὐ τηλικοῦτος
not so beautiful as οὕτως καλαί εἰσιν, ἡλίκος ἐγώ.
those in the plain. ὡς αἱ ἐν τῷ πεδίῷ.
Has the boy as Τοσοῦτος χρυσός The wisdom of the Ἡ σοφία τοῦ
much gold as silver? ἐστι τῷ παιδί, ὅσος artisan. τεχνίτου.
ἄργυρος;
He has not as much Αὐτῷ οὐ τοσοῦτος My wisdom is not Ἡ ἐμὴ σοφία οὐ
silver as gold. ἄργυρος, ὅσος so great as the τηλικαύτη, ἡλίκα ἡ
χρυσός. artisan’s. τοῦ τεχνίτου.
Do you throw as Ῥίπτετε τοσαύτας
many balls as σφαίρας, ὅσα μῆλα;
apples?
53
TWENTY-NINTH LESSON
Render,
Away from the river, and out of the house. Ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ, καὶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας.
Instead of a basket, and before the door. Ἀντὶ κανοῦ, καὶ πρὸ τῆς θύρας.
Not on the roof, but on to the hill. Οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον.
Either in the field, or into the plain. Ἢ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, ἢ εἰς τὸ πεδίον.
He sits, or plays by the spring. Καθίζεται, ἢ παίζει ἐπὶ τῇ κρήνῃ.
I send the young man to the physician. Πέμπω τὸν νεανίαν πρὸς τὸν ἰατρόν.
The boy comes (along) with the merchant. Ὁ παῖς ἔρχεται σὺν τῷ ἐμπόρῳ.
111. Exercises
Τίνα πέμπεις πρὸς Whom do you send Πόσοι τεχνῖται σὺν How many artisans
ἐμέ; to me? σοὶ ἦσαν ἐν τῷ were with you in the
κήπῳ; garden?
Πέμπω πρὸς σὲ τὸν I send my son to Οὐ τοσοῦτοι ὅσοι Not as many as
υἱὸν. you. ἐνταῦθα ἦσαν. were here.
Σὺν τίνι πέμπεις With whom do you Πότε ἔρχονται οἱ When do our friends
αὐτόν; send him? φίλοι ἡμῶν; come?
Σὺν τῷ ἐμῷ With my brother. Οὔτε ἕωθεν They come neither
ἀδελφῷ. ἔρχονται, οὔτε at early dawn, nor at
ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ πρὸ evening, but before
μεσημβρίας. noon.
Τίνι συμπέμπεις With whom do you Ὁ κλέπτης οὐκ The thief doesn’t
ἡμᾶς; send us? ἔρχεται ἅμα τῇ come at daybreak,
ἡμέρᾳ, ἀλλ’ ἢ but either at evening
ἑσπέρας, ἢ πρὸ τῆς or before the dawn.
ἔω.
Ὑμᾶς σὺν τῷ σοφῷ I send you along Σὺ ἀεὶ πρὼ ἔρχῃ. You always come
καὶ ἐμπείρῳ with the wise and early in the
διδασκάλῳ experienced teacher. morning.
συμπέμπω.
Τίνες ἔρχονται; Who is coming? Οὐχ ἡμεῖς οὕτω We do not come as
πρωὶ ἐρχόμεθα ὡς early in the morning
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ὑμεῖς. as you.
Οὐ μόνον ἔρχονται Νοt only are the Τί ὁρῶ; What do I see?
οἱ ἐργάται, ἀλλὰ καὶ workmen coming,
συνέρχεται ὁ but also with them
ἀγαθὸς ἰατρός. the good physician.
Ποῦ ἦς ἐχθές; Where were you Οὐδὲν οὐδαμοῦ I see nothing
yesterday? ὁρῶ. anywhere.
Ἐχθὲς ἑσπέρας σὺν Yesterday evening I Οὐδεὶς οὐδὲν ὁρᾷ Nobody sees
ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ κήπῳ ἦν. was with you in the οὐδαμοῦ. anything anywhere.
garden.
Οὐκ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ Not in this garden, Ὁ ἀδελφός μου My brother doesn’t
κήπῳ, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ but in the one near οὐδὲν γράφει πλὴν write anything
πλησίον τοῦ ὑψηλοῦ the high hill. τούτων τῶν except these letters.
λόφου. ἐπιστολῶν.

What are you Τί γράφεις; She was nowhere. Οὐκ ἦν οὐδαμοῦ.
writing?
We are writing Οὐ γράφομεν οὐδὲν She was neither here Οὔτε αὐτοῦ ἦν οὔτε
nothing but letters. πλὴν ἐπιστολῶν. nor there. ἐκεῖ.
Nobody writes Οὐδεὶς γράφει I see the hares Ὁρῶ τοὺς λαγὼς
anything but letters. οὐδὲν πλὴν nowhere. οὐδαμοῦ.
ἐπιστολῶν.
When does your Πότε γράφει ἡ Nobody sees the Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ τοὺς
mother write letters? μήτηρ σου peacocks anywhere. ταὼς οὐδαμοῦ.
ἐπιστολάς;
Either in the Ἢ ἕωθεν ἢ ἑσπέρας. Who comes at Τίς ἔρχεται ἅμα τῇ
morning (ἕωθεν), or daybreak? ἡμέρᾳ;
at evening.
With whom does the Σὺν τίνι ἔρχεται ἡ Nobody comes to Οὐδεὶς ἅμα τῇ
little girl come? παῖς; the house at ἡμέρᾳ ἔρχεται πρὸς
daybreak. τὴν οἰκίαν.
She comes with the Ἔρχεται σὺν τῇ This man comes Οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος
wise maiden. σοφῇ κόρῃ. into the field only in ἔρχεται εὶς τὸν
the morning. ἀγρὸν μόνον πρωί.
Where were the Ποῦ ἦσαν αἱ κόραι Were you in the Ἦς ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ
maidens at evening? ἑσπέρας; field yesterday or ἐχθές, ἢ οὔ;
55
not?
They were in the Ἦσαν ἐν τῇ λευκῇ I was not there Οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἐχθές,
white and beautiful καὶ καλῇ στοᾷ. yesterday, but the ἀλλὰ πρώην.
porch. day before.
Was the young Ἦν ἡ τοῦ νεανίου How many Πόσαι ἑσπέραι;
man’s sister there, ἀδελφὴ ἐκεῖ, ἢ οὔ; evenings?
or not?
She was. Ἦν. Not so many Οὐ τοσαῦται
evenings as ἑσπέραι ὅσαι ἕῳ.
mornings.
She was not. Οὐκ ἦν. What sort of wine Ποῖον οἶνον πίνεις;
do you drink?
Where was she? Ποῦ ἦν; This wine is not as Οὗτος ὁ οἶνος οὐχ
good as yours. οἷος ὁ σός.
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THIRTIETH LESSON
115. Exercises
Ἡ μυῖα. The fly. Ἔρχεται αὐτὸς ὁ The father himself
πατήρ. comes.
Αὐτὴ ἡ μυῖα. The fly itself. Τίνες αὐτῷ Who come with
συνέρχονται; him?
Ἡ αὐτὴ μυῖα. The same fly. Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ φίλοι His good friends
αὐτοῦ συνέρχονται. come with him.
Τὸ αὐτὸ δένδρον. The same tree. Πότε γράφει ὁ When does the
πατὴρ πρὸς τὸν father write to his
υἱόν; son?
Τὰ αὐτὰ δένδρα. The same trees. Ἑσπέρας πρὸς He writes to him in
αὐτὸν γράφει. the evening.
Τί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ What is in the Τί διώκει ὁ νεανίας; What is the young
κήπῳ; garden? man pursuing?
Ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ καλὴ A beautiful fig tree Τὸν κλέπτην διώκει. He pursues the thief.
συκῆ. is in it.
Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ Is not an apple tree Ἡμεῖς τὸν αὐτὸν We pursue the same
αὐτῷ κήπῳ μηλέα; in the same garden? κλέπτην διώκομεν. thief.
Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τούτῷ There isn’t an apple Τίς τὸν λαγὼν Who catches the
τῷ κήπῳ μηλέα, tree in this garden, λαμβάνει; hare?
ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ πλησίον but in the one near
τοῦ λόφου. the hill.
Αὐτὸς ὁ ἄνθρωπος. (The) man himself. Οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν Nobody catches it.
λαμβάνει.
Αὐτὴ ἡ ψυχή. The soul itself. Ἡ οἰκία μού ἐστιν My house is in this
ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ κώμῃ. village.
Ἔστιν ἡ τοῦ Is the young man’s Ἡ ἐμὴ οἰκία ἐν τῇ My house is in the
νεανίου ψυχὴ σοφή; soul wise? αὐτῇ κώμῃ ἐστίν. same village.
Ναί, ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ Yes, his soul is Ἐγὼ καὶ ὑμεῖς τὴν You and I throw the
σοφή ἐστιν. wise. αὐτὴν σφαῖραν same ball.
ῥίπτομεν.
Τίς ἔρχεται; Who comes?
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The porch. Ἡ στοά. What do I see in the Τί ὁρῶ ἐν τῷ
river? ποταμῷ;
This porch. Αὕτη ἡ στοά. I see nothing in it. Οὐδὲν ἐν αὐτῷ ὁρῶ.
The same porch. Ἡ αὐτὴ στοά. Nobody sees Οὐδεὶς οὐδὲν ὁρᾷ ἐν
anything in it except αὐτῷ πλὴν ἵππου τε
a horse and a ball. καὶ σφαίρας.
The porch itself. Αὐτὴ ἡ στοά. Not in the river Οὐκ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ
itself, but in the ποταμῷ, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ
small stream. μικρῷ ῥῷ.
In this very porch. Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ στοᾷ. The cows lie in the Αἱ βόες κεῖνται ἐν
plain and the horses τῷ πεδίῳ καὶ οἱ
are running into the ἵπποι τρέχουσιν εἰς
same plain. τὸ αὐτὸ πεδίον.
These houses have Αὗται αἱ οἰκίαι τοὺς Whom do the bad Τίνας διώκουσιν οἱ
the same gardens. αὐτοὺς κήπους pursue? κακοί;
ἔχουσιν.
The golden cup. Τὸ χρυσοῦν They pursue the Διώκουσι τοὺς
ποτήριον. good themselves. ἀγαθοὺς αὐτούς.
(Not sure whether
“themselves” refers
to the subject or the
object.)
The cup itself is not Τὸ ποτήριον αὐτὸ The bad always Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ
golden. οὔκ ἐστι χρυσοῦν. shun the good. φεύγουσι τοὺς
ἀγαθούς.
Not only this ball is Οὐ μόνον αὕτη ἡ God himself is Ὁ θεὸς αὐτὸς
golden but also the σφαῖρα χρυσᾶ ἐστιν, friendly and εὔνους τε καὶ ἵλεώς
cup itself. ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ propitious to the ἐστι τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς.
ποτήριον. good.
Both the chest is Ἡ τε κηλὸς ἀργυρᾶ Who has the Τίς ἔχει τὸν πῖλον
silver and the apples ἐστιν καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ merchant’s hat? τοῦ ἐμπόρου;
(that are) in it (τὰ ἐν μῆλα.
αὐτῇ μῆλα).
Not the ball, but a Οὐχ ἡ σφαῖρα, ἀλλὰ I have his hat. Αὐτὸς ἔχω τὸν
cup instead of it. ποτήριον ἀντὶ πῖλον αὐτοῦ.
αὐτῆς.
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59
THIRTY-FIRST LESSON
119. Exercises
Ποῦ ἦς ἐκείνῃ τῇ Where were you on Ἡμεῖς οὐδὲν We write nothing
ἡμέρᾳ; that day? γράφομεν πλὴν except letters.
ἐπιστολῶν.
Ἦν ἐν τῇ στοᾷ τῇ I was in the porch Ἄλλη βίβλος. Another book.
πλησίον τῆς πύλης. near the gate.
Τίς ἄλλος ἦν ἐκεῖ ἐν Who else was there Ἡ ἑτέρα βίβλος. The other book.
τῷ αὐτῷ χρόνῳ; at the same time?
Οὐδεὶς ἄλλος. Nobody else. Οὐχ αὕτη ἡ βίβλος, Not this book, but
ἀλλ’ ἡ ἑτέρα. the other.
Οὐδεὶς ἐκεῖ ἦν σὺν Nobody was there Τίνα χλαῖναν πέμπει What cloak sends
ἐμοὶ πλὴν τοῦ φίλου with me except my ὁ ἔμπορος; the merchant?
μου. friend.
Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ ἀδελφός I and my brother Οὐ τὴν ἐν τῇ χηλῷ He doesn’t send the
μου μόνοι ἐκεῖ alone were there. πέμπει, ἀλλ’ ἄλλην. one in the chest, but
ἦμεν. another.
Πότερον ἄλλος τις Does somebody else Οὐ ταύτην ἔχει, He doesn’t have this
μένει αὐτοῦ σὺν σοί, remain here with ἀλλὰ τὴν ἑτέραν. one, but the other.
ἢ οὔ; you, or not?
Οὐδεὶς ἄλλος. Nobody else. Οἱ ἵπποι οὐκ ἐν The horses are not
ταύταις ταῖς κώμαις in these villages, but
εἰσίν, ἀλλ’ ἐν ταῖς in the others.
ἄλλαις.
Τί γράφουσιν οἱ What do the artisans Πόσας ἡμέρας For how many days
τεχνῖται; write? μένετε ἐν τῇ κώμῃ are you staying in
ταύτῃ; this village?
Ἐπιστολὰς They write letters. Οὐ τοσαύτας We are not staying
γράφουσιν. μένομεν ἡμέρας for as many days as
ὅσας οἱ ἄλλοι. the others.
Τί ἄλλο γράφουσιν; What else do they Οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκεῖνοι Those others are
write? μακρὸν χρόνον staying for a long
μένουσιν ἐπὶ τοῦ time on the hill.
λόφου.
Οὐδὲν ἄλλο; Nothing else. Ἐκεῖναι αἱ ἄλλαι Those other villages
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κῶμαι οὐχ οὕτω are not as beautiful
καλαί ἐισιν ὡς as these.
αὗται.

This day. Αὕτη ἡ ἡμέρα. This other village is Αὕτη ἡ ἑτέρα κώμη
beautiful. καλή ἐστιν.
On this day. Ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ This fig tree. Ἡ συκῆ αὕτη.
On this same day. Ταύτῃ τῇ αὐτῇ What fig tree? Τίς συκῆ;
ἡμέρᾳ.
On that very day. Ἐκείνῃ αὐτῇ τῇ This other fig tree. Αὕτη ἡ ἑτέρα συκῆ.
ἡμέρᾳ.
Another day. Ἄλλη ἡμέρα. What other fig tree? Τίς ἄλλη συκῆ;
During these other Ταύτας τὰς ἄλλας What does the Τί γράφει ὁ νεανίας;
days. ἡμέρας. young man write?
The rest of the day. Ἡ ἄλλη ἡμέρα. He writes letters to Γράφει ἐπιστολὰς
me. πρὸς ἐμέ.
The other days. Αἱ ἄλλαι ἡμέραι. What else does he Τί ἄλλο γράφει;
write?
The rest of the Ἡ ἄλλη κώμη. Nothing else. Οὐδὲν ἄλλο.
village.
What village? Τίς κώμη; Who else writes? Τίς ἄλλος γράφει;
This village. Αὕτη ἡ κώμη. Nobody else writes. Οὐδεὶς ἄλλος
γράφει.
In that same village. Ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ αὐτῇ Either this finger or Ἢ οὗτος ὁ
κώμῃ. the other. δάκτυλος ἢ ὁ
ἕτερος.
Into this other Εἰς ταύτην τὴν Not the same tonque Οὐχ ἡ αὐτὴ γλῶσσα
village. ἑτέραν κώμην. but another. ἀλλ’ ἄλλη.
We send into Πέμπομεν εἰς ἄλλο How long (πόσον Πόσον χρόνον
another plain. πεδίον. χρόνον) do you μένετε ἐν τούτῷ τῷ
remain on this high ὑψηλῷ λόφῳ;
hill?
What other plain? Τί ἄλλο πεδίον; We remain a long Μακρὸν χρόνον
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time. μένομεν.
No other. Οὐδὲν ἄλλο. We stay during so Τοσαύτας ἡμέρας
many days. μένομεν.
Nothing else. Οὐδὲν ἄλλο.
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THIRTY-SECOND LESSON
122. Exercises
Ὁ πῖλός μου. My hat. Οὔτε ἡμέτερός It is neither ours nor
ἐστιν, οὔτε yours, but the
ὑμέτερος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ physician’s.
ἰατροῦ.
Πότερον ὁρῶ τὸν Is it my hat I am Πότερον ἔχεις τὸ Do you have the
ἐμὸν πῖλον, ἢ τὸν seeing, or yours? τοῦ ἐμπόρου merchant’s golden
σόν; χρυσοῦν ποτήριον, cup, or mine?
ἢ τὸ ἐμόν;
Τὸν τίνος πῖλον Whose hat do I see? Οὔτε τὸ σὸν I have neither your
ὁρῶ; ποτήριον ἔχω, οὔτε cup nor that man’s,
τὸ ἐκείνου, ἀλλὰ τὸ but rather the one on
ἐπὶ τῆς ἀργυρᾶς the silver table.
τραπέζης.
Οὔτε τὸν ἐμὸν ὁρῶ, I neither see mine, Εἰσὶν αἰ καλαὶ κόραι Are the beautiful
οὔτε τὸν τοῦ nor the merchant’s. ἐν τοῖς κήποις maidens in our
ἐμπόρου. ἡμῶν; gardens?
Τίς ὁρᾷ τὸν τούτου Who sees this Οὐκ ἐν τοῖς They are not in our
πῖλον; man’s hat? ἡμετέροις κήποις gardens, but either
εἰσίν, ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐν τοῖς in those by the river,
ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ, ἢ ἐν or in those of my
τοῖς τοῦ ἐμοῦ brother.
ἀδελφοῦ.
Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ οὔτε τὸν Nobody sees either Πόσαι βίβλοι εἰσὶν How many books
τούτου, οὔτε τὸν this man’s, or the ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τούτου; are in this man’s
τοῦ ἑτέρου. others. hand?
Ταώς. A peacock. Οὐ τοσαῦται ἐν τῇ There are not as
τούτου χειρί, ὅσαι many in this man’s
ἐν τῇ ἐκείνου. hand as in that
man’s.
Ὁ ἐμὸς ταώς. My peacock. Πότερα τοῦ Are these books the
διδασκάλου εἰσὶν αἱ teacher’s, or the
βίβλοι αὗται, ἢ τοῦ scholar’s?
μαθητοῦ;
Οὐχ ὁ ἐμὸς ταώς, Neither my peacock, Οὐ τοῦ μαθητοῦ They are not the
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οὐδὲ ὁ τοῦ πλουσίου nor that of the rich εἰσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ scholar’s, but the
ἐργάτου. workman. διδασκάλου. teacher’s.
Τίνος ἐστὶν ὁ καλὸς Whose is the
ταώς; beautiful peacock?

Where lies your Ποῦ κεῖται ὁ He drinks such as he Πίνει οἷον ἔχει.
silver? ἄργυρος ὑμῶν; has.
Our silver lies on Ἡμῶν ὁ ἄργυρος Does the thief take Λαμβάνει τὸν
the table. κεῖται ἐπὶ τῆς the gold? χρυσὸν ὁ κλέπτης;
τραπέζης.
The silver lies not Ὁ ἄργυρος οὐ κεῖται He takes it. Λαμβάνει (αὐτόν).
on our table, but ἐπὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας
yours. τραπέζης, ἁλλ’ ἐπὶ
τῆς ὑμετέρας.
Not on your table, Οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς σῆς Whose gold does he Τίνος χρυσὸν
nor on the rich τραπέζης, οὐδ’ ἐπὶ take? λαμβάνει;
merchant’s. τῆς τοῦ πλουσίου
ἐμπόρου.
How much gold is Πόσος χρυσός ἐστιν He takes either the Ἢ τὸν τοῦ νεανίου
there in our chest? ἐν τῇ κηλῷ ἡμῶν; young man’s or the λαμβάνει ἢ τὸν τοῦ
laborer’s. ἐργάτου.
Not so much in our Οὐ τοσοῦτος ἐν τῇ He either takes that Ἢ τὸν ἐκείνου
chest as in yours. ἡμετέρᾳ χηλῷ ὅσος man’s gold, or this χρυσὸν λαμβάνει ἢ
ἐν τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ. man’s. τὸν τούτου.
The cup of this man. Τὸ ποτήριον τούτου. The thieves take Οἱ κλέπται οὔτε τὰς
neither our purple ἡμετέρας χλαίνας
garments, nor yours. λαμβάνουσιν, οὔτε
τὰς ὑμετέρας.
That man’s cup, not Τὸ ἐκείνου The morning. Ἡ ἕως.
this man’s. ποτήριον, οὐ τὸ
τούτου.
There is not so Οὐ τοσοῦτον οἶνόν On the same Τῇ αὐτῇ ἑσπέρᾳ.
much wine in that ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ἐκείνου evening.
man’s cup as in ποτηρίῷ, ὅσον ἐν τῷ
mine. ἐμῷ.
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Who of us (τίς Τίς ἡμῶν οἶνον The noon is not so Ἡ μεσημβρία οὐχ
ἡμῶν) drinks wine? πίνει; beautiful as the οὕτως καλή ἐστιν
morning. ὡς ἡ ἕως.
Nobody drinks it. Οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν πίνει. Before the morning. Πρὸ τῆς ἕω.
What sort of wine Ποῖον οἶνον πίνει Instead of us. Αντὶ ἡμῶν.
does this merchant οὗτος ὁ ἔμπορος;
drink?
65
THIRTY-THIRD LESSON
Render,
I come from the hill, out of the plain. Ἔρχομαι ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου, ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου.
The ball lies in the chest, or falls into the Ἡ σφαῖρα κεῖται ἐν τῇ χηλῷ, ἢ πίπτει εἰς
fountain. τὴν κρήνην.
The messenger comes instead of the Ὁ ἄγγελος ἔρχεται ἀντὶ τοῦ ξένου.
stranger.
The cows lie before the gate. Αἱ βόες κεῖνται πρὸ τῆς πύλης.
The young men sit on the roof or throw the Οἱ νεανίαι καθίζονται ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς ἢ
ball on to it. ῥίπτουσι τὴν σφαῖραν ἐπὶ αὐτήν.
The girl plays by the river, or near the tree. Ἡ παῖς παίζει ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ, ἢ ἐγγὺς τοῦ
δένδρου.
We send these letters to the strangers. Πέμπομεν ταύτας τὰς ἐπιστολὰς πρὸς τοὺς
ξένους.
Nobody comes with me except my brother. Οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται σὺν ἐμοὶ πλὴν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ
μου.
We say or write these things (ταῦτα) Λέγομεν ἢ γράφομεν ταῦτα περὶ ἡμῶν
concerning ourselves. αὐτῶν.
125. Exercises
Λέγω περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ. I speak concerning Ἢ ἐμοί, ἢ σοὶ λέγει He says these things
myself. ταῦτα. either to me, or to
you.
Ὁ πατὴρ ταῦτα οὐ Our father says Ὁ ξένος ταῦτα πρὸς The stranger says
περὶ ἡμῶν λέγει, these things not τὸν ἄγγελον λέγει. these things before
ἀλλὰ περὶ αὑτοῦ. about us, but about the messenger.
himself.
Τί περὶ σεαυτοῦ What say you Ἡμεῖς ἀεὶ τὰ αὐτὰ We always say the
λέγεις; concerning (the same things) same things about
yourself? περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν the same things.
λέγομεν.
Οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν περὶ I say nothing good Ταῦτα λέγω ἀντὶ I say these things
ἐμαυτοῦ λέγω. about myself. ἐκείνων. instead of those
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things.
Οὐ περὶ σοῦ λέγει ὁ The messenger Τίνος ἐστὶν αὕτη ἡ Whose staff is this?
ἄγγελος, ἀλλὰ περὶ doesn’t speak about βακτηρία;
ἡμῶν. you, but about us.
Τίνες ταῦτα περὶ Who say these Ἔστι τοῦ ἀγγέλου. It is the
ἑαυτῶν λέγουσιν; things about messenger’s.
themselves?
Οὗτοι οἱ ξένοι These strangers say Ὁ ἄγγελος ἔχει τὴν The messenger has
ταῦτά τε καὶ ἄλλα these and similar ἐμὴν βακτηρίαν ἀντὶ my staff instead of
τοιαῦτα περὶ ἑαυτῶν things about τῆς ἑαυτοῦ. his own.
λέγουσιν. themselves.
Πρὸς τίνα γράφει ὁ To whom writes the Ὁ ξένος ἔχει τὴν The stranger has his
πατήρ; father? ἑαυτοῦ χλαῖναν ἀντὶ own cloak instead of
τῆς τοῦ ἀγγέλου. the messenger’s.
Πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν He writes to his son. Ὁ κακὸς ἑαυτὸν The bad man flees
γράφει. φεύγει. himself.
Οὐ πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ He is not writing to Οἱ κακοὶ οὐ μόνον The bad not only
υἱὸν γράφει, ἀλλὰ his own son, but to τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀλλὰ flee the good but
πρὸς τὸν ἐμόν. mine. καὶ ἑαυτοὺς also themselves.
φεύγουσιν.
Τίνι ταῦτα λέγει ὁ To whom does the
ἄγγελος; messenger say these
things?

Of myself. Ἐμαυτοῦ. Nobody writes to Οὐδεὶς γράφει πρὸς
the stranger except τὸν ξένον πλὴν
me. ἐμοῦ.
My own hat (the of- Ὁ ἐμαυτοῦ πῖλος. The stranger writes Ὁ ξένος γράφει ἀντὶ
myself hat). instead of me. ἐμοῦ.
Not my hat, but Οὐχ ὁ ἐμὸς πῖλος, I speak concerning Λέγω περὶ τούτων.
yours. ἀλλὰ ὁ σός. these things.
I have not your hat, Οὐκ ἔχω τὸν σὸν Who else speaks Τίς ἄλλος λέγει περὶ
but my own. πῖλον, ἀλλὰ τὸν concerning the same τῶν αὐτῶν.
ἐμαυτοῦ. things?
Whence comes the Πόθεν ἔρχεται ὁ Nobody else. Οὐδεὶς ἄλλος.
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stranger? ξένος;
He comes from his Ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας The young man Ὁ νεανίας γράφει
(the) house. ἔρχεται. writes concerning περὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς.
his sister.
He comes from his Ἐκ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ What do the good Τί διώκουσιν οἱ
own house. οἰκίας ἔρχεται. pursue? ἀγαθοί;
We come not from Οὔκ ἐκ τῆς They pursue Σοφίαν διώκουσιν.
our house but from ἡμετέρας οἰκίας wisdom.
his. ἔρχομεν, ἀλλ’ ἐκ
τῆς τούτου.
To whom does the Τίνι λέγει ὁ The bad not only Οἱ κακοὶ οὐ μόνον
messenger speak? ἄγγελος; shun wisdom, but σοφίαν φεύγουσιν,
pursue evil. ἀλλὰ τὸ κακὸν
διώκουσιν.
He speaks to me. Ἐμοὶ λέγει. They pursue evil Διώκουσι τὸ κακὸν
instead of good. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ.
He speaks to Ἑαυτῷ λέγει. Evil comes before Τὸ κακὸν ἔρχεται
himself. good. πρὸ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ.
These messengers Οὗτοι οἱ ἄγγελοι Whither do you Ποῖ βαδίζετε;
speak to themselves. ἑαυτοῖς λέγουσιν. walk?
We write letters to Πρὸς ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς We walk into the Βαδίζομεν εἰς τοὺς
ourselves. γράφομεν fields. ἀγρούς.
ἐπιστολάς.
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THIRTY-FOURTH LESSON
129. Exercises
Μέγας ἵππος. A large horse. Τί ῥίπτει ὁ παῖς; What does the boy
throw?
Ὁ ἵππος μέγας The horse is large. Ὁ παῖς ἐνίοτε The boy sometimes
ἐστίν. σφαῖραν ῥίπτει. throws a ball.
Ἡμεῖς ἐν μεγάλῳ We are in a large Οὐκ ἤδη ἥκει ὁ Has not the
πεδίῳ ἐσμέν. plain. ἄγγελος; messenger already
come?
Τοῦτο τὸ δένδρον This tree is both Ναί, ἤδη ἥκει. Yes, he has already
μέγα τε καὶ ὑψηλόν large and high. come.
ἐστιν.
Τίς περὶ τούτων Who speaks about Οὔπω ἥκει ὁ Has our messenger
λέγει; these things? ἡμέτερος ἄγγελος; not yet come?
Οὐ περὶ τούτων, We do not speak Ταῦτα οὔπω φανερά These things are not
ἀλλὰ περὶ ἀλλήλων about these things ἐστιν. yet evident.
λέγομεν. but about one
another.
Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ The bad always Πότε ἔρχονται οἱ When do the
ἀλλήλους pursue each other. ἄγγελοι; messengers come?
διώκουσιν.
Ὁ κακὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ The bad man harms Πρὸ ἡμέρας They come before
ψυχὴν βλάπτει. his own soul. ἔρχονται. the day.
Πολλάκις οἱ κακοὶ The bad often hurt Ὁ ξένος ἔρχεται The stranger comes
ἑαυτοὺς themselves. πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἅμα τῇ to us at daybreak.
βλάπτουσιν. ἡμέρᾳ.
Οὐ μόνον ἄλλους The unjust not only
βλάπτουσιν οἱ harm others, but
ἄδικοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ also themselves.
ἑαυτούς.

We speak Λέγομεν περί The messenger is Ἤδη ἔρχεται ὁ
concerning one
69
another. ἀλλήλων. already coming. ἄγγελος.
I do not speak Ἐγὼ οὐ λέγω περὶ These things are not Ταῦτα οὔπω φανερά
concerning you, nor σοῦ, οὐδὲ σὺ περὶ yet evident. ἐστιν.
you concerning me. ἐμοῦ.
This (man) always Οὗτος ἀεὶ λέγει περὶ God is not manifest Ὁ θεὸς οὐ φανερὸς
speaks about τῶν αὐτῶν. to men (φανερὸς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
(concerning) the τοῖς ἀνθρώποις).
same things (περὶ
τῶν αὐτῶν).
Whom do the Τίνας φεύγουσιν οἱ The wise are always Οἱ σοφοὶ ἀεὶ
wicked flee? κακοί; happy. μακάριοί εἰσιν.
They flee both each Φεύγουσιν This teacher is Οὗτος ὁ διδάσκαλος
other and ἀλλήλους τε καὶ sometimes wise. ἐνίοτε σοφός ἐστιν.
themselves. ἑαυτούς.
They harm their Βλάπτουσι τὰς The maiden Πολλάκις ἡ κόρη
own souls. ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς. frequently writes γράφει ἐπιστολὰς
letters to her (the) πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν.
brother.
The good harm Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ οὔτε Nobody sees his Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ τὴν
neither themselves, βλάπτουσιν own soul. ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν.
nor others. ἑαυτούς, οὔτ’
ἄλλους.
Who is great? Τίς μέγας ἐστίν; Nobody sees God Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ τὸν θεὸν
except the good πλὴν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ.
(man).
God alone is great. Ὁ θεὸς μόνος μέγας God alone sees the Μόνος ὁ θεὸς ὁρᾷ
ἐστίν. soul. τὴν ψυχήν.
God alone is both Ὁ θεὸς μόνος μέγας Is the soul immortal Ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἡ
great and high. τε καὶ ὑψηλός ἐστιν. or not? ψυχή, ἢ οὔ;
A large tree. Μέγα δένδρον. The soul is Ἡ ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός
immortal. ἐστιν.
I see a great tree on Ὁρῶ μέγα δένδρον
the hill. ἐπὶ τοῦ λόφου.
70
THIRTY-FIFTH LESSON
132. Exercises
Πολὺς χρυσός. Much gold. Οὗτος τοιαῦτα This person says
πολλὰ λέγει. many such things.
Οὐ τοσοῦτος χρυςὸς Not so much gold as Οὐ μόνον ταῦτα, They say not only
ὅσος ἄργυρος. silver. ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλὰ these things, but
τοιαῦτα ἄλλα many other such
λέγουσιν. things.
Μόνος ὀλίγος Only a little silver. Πόσον χρόνον How much time
ἄργυρος. γράφει ὁ πατὴρ does our father
ἡμῶν; spend writing?
Ὁ ἐν τῇ χηλῷ The silver in the Οὐ πολὺν χρόνον. Not much time.
ἄργυρος πολύς chest is a lot.
ἐστιν.
Πολλὰ καὶ καλὰ Many beautiful Πολλοὶ τῶν Many of the
ἀργυρᾶ ποτήρια. silver cups. ἀγγέλων τὰ τοιαῦτα messengers say such
λέγουσι περὶ ἐμοῦ. things concerning
me.
Ὁ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ The gold in my cup Οἱ κακοὶ οὐκ ὀλίγοι There are many evil
ποτηρίῳ χρυσὸς is not much. εἰσίν. ones.
ὀλίγος ἐστίν.
Πότερον ἔχει ὁ Does the stranger Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ οὐ There are not as
ξένος πολὺν have much gold, or τοσοῦτοί εἰσιν ὅσοι many good as evil.
χρυσόν, ἢ ὀλίγον; a little? οἱ κακοί.
Μόνον ὀλίγον ἔχει. He only has a little. Ἐν τούτῷ τῷ πεδίῷ In this plain there
εἰσὶ πολλαὶ καὶ are many beautiful
καλαὶ μηλέαι καὶ apple and fig trees.
συκαῖ.
Πολλαὶ ἡμέραι. Many days. Οἱ σὺν ἡμῖν εἰσι Those with us are
πολλοί. many.
Πόσας ἡμέρας μένει For how many days Ὁι σὺν τούτοις οὐ Those with these are
ὁ φίλος σου; is your friend τοσοῦτοί εἰσιν ὅσοι not as many as those
staying? οἱ σὺν ἐκείνοις. with those.
Οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας. Not many days. Ὁι πάλαι ἄνθρωποι The men of old
οὐκ ἦσαν οὕτω were not as many
71
πολλοὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω nor as wise as those
σοφοὶ ὡς οἱ νῦν. of the present time.
Ὁ ἐμὸς φίλος οὐ My friend is not
τοσαύτας ἡμέρας staying as many
μένει ὅσας ὁ σός. days as yours.

The few. Οἱ ὀλίγοι. There are a few Τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης
cups on the table. ποτήρια ὀλίγα ἐστίν.
Only the few are Μόνοι οἱ ὀλίγοι There are not so Οὐχ οὕτω πολλὰ
wise. σοφοί εἰσιν. many cups as balls. ποτήρια ὅσαι
σφαῖραί εἰσιν.
The many are not Οἱ πολλοὶ οὐ σοφοί Many of the Πολλοὶ τῶν
wise. εἰσιν. merchants are rich. ἐμπόρων πλούσιοί
εἰσιν.
The many are Οἱ πολλοὶ οὔτε None of the Οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐργατῶν
neither wise, nor σοφοὶ οὔτ’ ἀγαθοὶ workmen either οὔτε λέγει οὔτε
good, nor happy. οὔτε μακάριοί εἰσιν. (οὔτε) says or (οὔτε) γράφει ταῦτα περὶ
writes these things ἐμοῦ.
concerning me.
Not a few came Οὐκ ὀλίγοι ἥκουσι The brother writes Ὁ ἀδελφὸς γράφει
with us. σὺν ἡμῖν. many such things τοιαῦτα πολλὰ περί
concerning us to his ἠμῶν πρὸς τὴν
sister. ἀδελφήν.
They stay a long Πολὺν χρόνον There is a little gold Ὀλίγος χρυςός ἐστιν
time. μένουσιν. either on, or in the ἢ ἐπὶ ἢ ἐν τῇ χρυςῇ
silver chest. χηλῷ.
These (men) stay Οὗτοι πολλὰς Gold instead of Χρυςὸς ἀντὶ
many days. ἡμέρας μένουσιν. silver. ἀργύρου.
They either come Ἔρχονται ἢ πρὸ A white hat instead Λευκὸς πῖλος ἀντὶ
before morning or in ἡμέρας ἢ ἑσπέρας. of a purple cloak. χλαίνας πορφυρᾶς.
the evening.
In this time they Ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ The cows either lie Αἰ βόες ἢ κεῖνται
flee. φεύγουσιν. before the gate, or πρὸ τῆς πύλης, ἢ
run on to the hill, or τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν
into the pasture. λόφον, ἢ εἰς τὴν
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νομήν.
There is a little wine Ὁ ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ Not a few cows. Οὐκ ὀλίγαι βόες.
in the cup. οἶνος ὀλίγος ἐστίν.
73
THIRTY-SIXTH LESSON
Render,
ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας, ἐκ τῶν χωρῶν. From the region, out of the regions.
ἀστραπὴ ἀντὶ βροντῆς. Lightning instead of thunder.
ἢ πρὸ τῆς στοᾶς, ἢ ἐν τῇ χηλῷ. Either before the porch, or in the chest.
κάθημαι σὺν τῇ ἀδελφῇ ἐπὶ τῇ κρήνῃ. I sit with my sister by the spring.
παίζουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν καὶ τρέχουσιν They play on the rocks and they run on to
ἐπὶ τοὺς λόφους. the hills.
τὰ μῆλα εἰς τὸν ῥοῦν πίπτει. The apples fall into the stream.
πέμπομεν πρὸς τὸν διδάσκαλον. We send to the teacher.
γράφω πρὸς σὲ περὶ τούτων. I write to you concerning these things.
τὴν βροντὴν ἀνὰ τὴν χώραν ἀκούουσιν. They hear the thunder throughout the
region.
οἱ ἵπποι τρέχουσιν ἀνὰ τὸ πεδίον. The horses run over the plain.
136. Exercises
Τί ἀκούεις; What do you hear? Ἡμεῖς ἀμφότεροι We both eat bread.
ἄρτον ἐσθίομεν.
Φωνὴν ἀκούω. I hear a voice. Ὁρῶ πολὺν χρυσοῦν I see much golden
πυρὸν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ. wheat in the plain.
Τὴν τίνος; Whose voice? Ἕκαστος τῶν Each of the young
νεανιῶν πολὺν men has much
πυρὸν ἐν τῷ κανῷ wheat in his basket.
ἔχει.
Τὴν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ. My brother’s voice. Ἡ κόρη ἀκούει τὴν The maiden hears
τῆς βροντῆς φωνὴν the voice of the
καὶ τρέχει. thunder and runs.
Πότερον ἀκούω τὴν Am I hearing the Ποῖ τρέχει; Whither does she
βροντήν, ἢ τὴν thunder, or seeing run?
ἀστραπὴν ὁρῶ; the lightning?
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Τὴν βροντὴν You are hearing the Εἰς τὸν κῆπον. Into the garden.
ἀκούεις. thunder.
Ἡ βροντή ἐστι The thunder is the Εἰς τὸν τίνος κῆπον; Into whose garden?
φωνὴ τοῦ θεοῦ. voice of God.
Οἱ ἀνὰ τὴν γῆν τὴν Those throughout Ἢ εἰς τὸν ἑαυτῆς She runs either into
βροντὴν ἀκούουσιν. the land hear the κῆπον τρέχει, ἢ εἰς her own garden, or
thunder. τὸν τοῦ ἐμπόρου. into that of the
merchant.
Ἀνὰ ταύτην τὴν Throughout this Ἡ ἀστραπὴ φανερά The lightning is
χώραν ταύτας τὰς region they hear ἐστιν. manifest.
φωνὰς ἀκούουσιν. these voices.
Τί εὑρίσκεις; What do you find? Ὁ ἄρτος ἐστὶν The bread is good.
ἀγαθός.
Εὑρίσκω πολὺν I find much bread in Τίνος ἀκούετε; Whom do you hear?
ἄρτον ἐν τῇ χηλῷ. the chest.
Ὁ παῖς εὑρίσκει The boy finds much Ἀκούομεν τοῦ We hear the wise
πολὺν καὶ ἀγαθὸν good food on the σοφοῦ διδασκάλου. teacher.
σῖτον ἐπὶ τῆς table.
τραπέζης.
Ἡ παῖς εὑρίσκει τε The girl both finds Ὁ νεανίας τοῦ The young man
καὶ ἐσθίει ἄρτον. and eats bread. διδασκάλου ἀκούει. hears the teacher.
Οὗτοι οἱ σοφοὶ οὔτε These wise ones Οἱ μαθηταὶ τὴν τοῦ The scholars hear
ἄρτον ἐσθίουσιν, neither eat bread, διδασκάλου φωνὴν the voice of the
οὔτε οἶνον πίνουσιν. nor drink wine. ἀκούουσιν. teacher.

What does the boy Τί ἀκούει ὁ παῖς; Much and beautiful Πολὺς καὶ καλὸς
hear? wheat. πυρός.
He hears a voice. Φωνὴν ἀκούει. This wheat is not so Οὗτος ὁ πυρὸς οὐχ
good as mine. οὕτως ἀγαθός ἐστιν
ὡς ὁ ἐμός.
What voice does he Τίνος φωνὴν Mine is not so good Ὁ ἐμὸς οὐχ οὕτως
hear? ἀκούει; as my brother’s. ἀγαθός ἐστιν ὡς ὁ
τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ.
75
He hears his Τὴν τοῦ What do I see? Τί ὁρῶ;
teacher’s. διδασκάλου.
What else does he Τί ἄλλο ἀκούει; I see the lightning. Τὴν ἀστραπὴν ὁρῶ.
hear?
He hears nothing Οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἀκούει Nobody sees Οὐδεὶς οὐδὲν ὁρᾷ
else except the πλὴν τῆς βροντῆς. anything except the πλὴν τῆς ἀστραπῆς.
thunder. lightning.
Who hears the Τίς τοῦ ξένου The young men eat Οἱ νεανίαι πολὺν
stranger? ἀκούει; much corn. σῖτον ἐσθίουσιν.
Nobody except me Οὐδεὶς πλὴν ἐμοῦ They both eat bread Ἄρτον τε ἐσθίουσι
hears him. αὐτοῦ ἀκούει. and drink wine. καὶ οἶνον πίνουσιν.
Throughout the Ἀνὰ τὴν γῆν Wine harms the Ὁ οἶνος βλάπτει τὸν
earth we hear the ἀκούομεν τὴν τοῦ mind of the young νοῦν τὸν τοῦ
voice of God. θεοῦ φωνήν. man. νεανίου.
What does the Τί εὑρίσκει ὁ Young man, wine Ὦ νεανία, ὁ οἶνος
young man find? νεανίας; harms the soul. βλάπτει τὴν ψυχήν.
He finds hares. Λαγὼς εὑρίσκει.
76
THIRTY-SEVENTH LESSON
139. Exercises
Ὁ πατὴρ τὸν The father sends his Ὁ νεανίας ἐπ’ αὐτὸν The young man
νεανίαν ἀποπέμπει. son away. ἀναβαίνει. mounts it.
Ὁ διδάσκαλος τὸν The teacher sends Οἱ νεανίαι σὺν τοῖς The young men
κακὸν νεανίαν ἐκ the bad youth out ἵπποις ἐπὶ τοὺς ascend the hills with
τῆς οἰκίας ἐκπέμπει. from his house. λόφους the horses.
ἀναβαίνουσιν.
Πέμπουσιν ἄγγελον They send a Πῶς ἐπιστολὰς How do they write
καὶ συμπέμπουσι messenger along γράφουσιν; letters?
τὸν λευκὸν ἵππον. with the white
horse.
Πότε ἔρχονται οἱ When do the Ἐνίοτε καλῶς Sometimes they
ξένοι; strangers come? γράφουσιν. write beautifully.
Ἕωθεν ἔρχονται καὶ They come at dawn Δικαίως λέγεις. You speak justly.
ἑσπέρας and in the evening
ἀπέρχονται. they depart.
Αἱ κόραι ἅμα τῇ The maidens depart Ὁ ἰατρὸς ταῦτα οὐ The physician does
ἡμέρᾳ ἀπέρχονται. at daybreak. δικαίως λέγει. not say these things
justly.
Ὁ ἀδελφός μου My brother enters Τὰ ἐμὰ κακῶς ἔχει. My affairs fare
εἰςέρχεται εἰς into this beautiful badly.
ταύτην τὴν καλὴν house.
οἰκίαν.
Σὺν τίνι εἰςέρχεται; With whom does he Τὰ ἐμὰ οὐχ οὕτω Mine fare not as
enter? κακῶς ἔχει ὡς τὰ badly as the
τοῦ ἀγγέλου. messenger’s.
Σὺν τῇ ἐμῇ ἀδελφῇ With my sister and Ταῦτα εὖ ἔχει. These things are in
καὶ πολλαῖς ἄλλαις many other good condition.
κόραις. maidens.
Τίς ἀναβαίνει ἐπὶ Who mounts this
τοῦτον τὸν ἵππον; horse?
77
Whom do you send Τίνα ἀποπέμπεις; The horses come Ἕωθεν οἱ ἵπποι
away? together into the συνἔρχονται εἰς τὸν
plain at dawn. πεδίον.
I send away my son. Τὸν υἱὸν ἀποπέμπω. Early in the Pρωί.
morning.
The teacher sends Ὁ διδάσκαλος A long day. Πολλὴ ἡμέρα.
away his scholar. ἀποπέμπει τὸν
μαθητήν.
Not his own scholar Οὐ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ A beautiful evening. Καλὴ ἑσπέρα.
but mine. μαθητήν, ἀλλὰ τὸν
ἐμόν.
We send this horse Ἐκπέμπομεν τοῦτον How are these Πῶς ἔχει ταῦτα;
out of the pasture. τὸν ἵππον ἐκ τῆς things?
νομῆς.
My father and Ὁ πατήρ μου καὶ ἡ They are well (εὖ Εὖ ἔχει.
mother enter into μήτηρ εἰσέρχονται ἔχει).
the village. εἰς τὴν κώμην.
Both I and you Ἐγὼ τε καὶ σὺ The maiden writes Ἡ κόρη καλῶς
mount the horse. ἀναβαίνομεν ἐπὶ τὸν beautifully. γράφει.
ἵππον.
Who else mounts Τίς ἄλλος ἀναβαίνει The bad (man) Ὁ κακὸς κακῶς
the horse? τὸν ἵππον; speaks badly. λέγει.
Nobody else. Οὐδεὶς ἄλλος. The good (man) Ὁ ἀγαθὸς εὖ λέγει.
speaks well.
Nobody except the Οὐδεὶς πλὴν τοῦ The just (man) Ὁ δίκαιος ἀεὶ
young man. νεανίου. always speaks δικαίως λέγει.
justly.
The young men Οἱ νεανίαι
depart before ἀπἔρχονται πρὸ
evening. ἑσπέρας.
THIRTY-EIGHTH LESSON
143. Exercises
Ἔγραφον. I was writing. Ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ The thieves were
78
ἔφευγον οἱ κλέπται. fleeing at daybreak.
Πότε ἔγραφες; When were you Πότερον ἔφευγεν ἢ Was the workman
writing? ἐδίωκεν ὁ ἐργάτης; fleeing or pursuing?
Ἄρτι ἔγραφον. I was just now Οὔτε ἔφευγεν, οὔτε He was neither
writing. ἐδίωκεν, ἀλλ’ fleeing, nor
ἐνταῦθα ἔμενεν. pursuing, but he was
remaining here.
Ἔγραφον ὅτε οἱ I was writing when Τί ἀκούεις; What are you
νεανίαι ἔπαιζον. the young men were hearing?
playing.
Τί ἔγραφες; What were you Οὐδὲν νῦν ἀκούω. Now I am not
writing? hearing anything.
Ἐπιστολὴν I was writing a Χθὲς ἢ πρώην τὴν Yesterday or the day
ἔγραφον. letter. βροντὴν ἤκουον. before yesterday I
was hearing the
thunder.
Πόσον χρόνον How long was the Ἡμεῖς πάλαι ταύτας Formerly we used to
ἔγραφεν ὁ ἰατρός; physician writing? τὰς φωνὰς hear these sounds.
ἠκούομεν.
Τοσοῦτον χρόνον As long as we were Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ πάλαι τὴν The good men of
ὄσον ἡμεῖς ἐν τοῖς walking in the τοῦ θεοῦ φωνὴν old used to hear the
ἀγροῖς ἐβαίνομεν. fields. ἤκουον. voice of God.
Πόσον χρόνον ἐκεῖ How long were you Ὁ θεὸς πάλαι πρὸς God formerly used
ἐβαίνετε; walking there? τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς to speak to the good.
ἔλεγεν.
Οὐ τοσοῦτον ὅσον Not as long as you Τίς ταύτην τὴν Who hears this
ὑμεῖς τοὺς λαγὼς were pursuing the φωνὴν ἀκούει; sound?
ἐδιώκετε. hares.
Ὅτε ἡμεῖς ἐν τοῖς When we were in Ἡμεῖς αὐτὴν We hear it.
κήποις ἦμεν, τότε ὁ the gardens, at that ἀκούομεν.
πατὴρ τὸν υἱὸν πρὸς time the father was
τὴν κώμην ἔπεμπεν. sending his son to
the village.
Ἡ σφαῖρα ἔπιπτεν The ball was falling Πάλαι οἱ κῆποι Formerly these
επὶ τὴν γῆν. on to the ground. οὗτοι πολλὰ ῥοδα gardens used to
καὶ ἴα εἶχον. have many roses
and violets.
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Ἡμεῖς πάλαι ταῦτα Of old we used to
καὶ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα say these and many
ἐλέγομεν. such things.

I was running. Ἔτρεχον. I have not so many Οὐ τοσαύτας
sisters as brothers. ἀδελφὰς ἔχω ὅσους
ἀδελφούς.
Who else was Τίς ἄλλος ἔτρεχεν; I have not many Οὐ πολλὰς ἀδελφὰς
running? sisters, I have only a ἔχω, μόνον ὀλίγας
few. ἔχω.
Nobody was Οὐδεὶς ἔτρεχε πλὴν Formerly this (man) Πάλαι οὗτος πολλὰς
running except me ἐμοῦ καὶ τυ had many sisters. ἀδελφὰς εῖχεν.
and the messenger. ἀγγέλου.
I and the stranger Ἐγὼ καὶ ὀ ξένος Formerly these Αὗται αἱ μηλέαι
were running. ἐτρέχομεν. apple trees had πάλαι πολλὰ μῆλα
many apples. εῖχον.
You and the young Σὺ καὶ ὁ νεανίας At that time (τότε) Τότε ἠκούομεν τοῦ
man were pursuing ἐδίωκον τὸν we used to hear the σοφοῦ διδασκάλου.
the thief. κλέπτην. wise teacher.
The thief was Ὀ κλέπτης ἔφευγεν These trees have not Ταῦτα τὰ δένδρα οὐ
fleeing from the ἐκ τῆς κώμης, ὅτε so many apples now τοσαῦτα μῆλα ἔχει
village, when these οὗτοι ἐβάδιζον as formerly. ὅσα πάλαι.
men (οὗτοι) were ἐγγὺς τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
walking near the
river.
The thief was Ὁ κλέπτης ἔφευγεν This teacher Οὗτος ὁ διδάσκαλος
fleeing when we ὅτε ἡμεῖς formerly had not (οὐ οὐ πάλαι εῖχε
were pursuing. ἐδιώκομεν. πάλαι εἶχε) so many τοσούτους μαθητὰς
scholars as now. ὅσους νῦν.
The teacher was Ὁ διδάσκαλος Where was the girl Ποῦ εὕρισκε ῥόδα ἡ
speaking when the ἔλεγεν ὅτε ὁ finding roses? παῖς;
scholar was writing. μαθητὴς ἔγραφεν.
To whom was your Πρὸς τίνα ἔγραφε Among the thorns of Ἐν ταῖς ἀκάνθαις
mother writing these ταύτας τὰς μακρὰς the garden. τοῦ κήπου.
long letters? ἐπιστολὰς ἡ μήτηρ
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σου;
To my good sister. Πρὸς τὴν ἀγαθὴν Not among the Οὐκ ἐν ταῖς τοῦ
ἀδελφήν μου. thorns of the κήπου ἀκάνθαις,
garden, but among ἀλλ’ ἐν ταῖς τῆς
those of the pasture. νομῆς.
How many sisters Πόσας ἀδελφὰς In this same large Ἐν τῷ αυτῷ μεγάλῳ
have you? ἔχεις; garden. κήπῳ τούτῳ.
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THIRTY-NINTH LESSON
147. Exercises
Ποῦ ἦν ἐχθὲς ὁ Where was the Ὁ διδάσκαλος The teacher collects
τεχνίτης; artisan yesterday? βίβλους συλλέγει. books.
Ἢ ἐβάδιζεν ἐν τῷ He was either Οὐκέτι τοσαύτας He no longer
πεδίῳ, ἢ ἀνέβαινεν walking in the plain, βίβλους συλλέγει collects as many
ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον. or he was ascending ὅσας πάλαι books as he used to
the hill. συνέλεγεν. collect formerly.
Τίνα ὁδὸν ἐβάδιζεν What road was the Ἡ ἀρετὴ σοφία Virtue is wisdom.
ὁ ἄγγελος; messenger going? ἐστίν.
Τὴν εἰς τὴν κώμην He was walking the Ἡ σοφία τοῦ The teacher’s
ἐβάδιζεν. one that goes into διδασκάλου μεγάλη wisdom is great.
the village. ἐστίν.
Ἡμεῖς ἐκείνην τὴν During that day we Πάλαι ἦσαν ἡμῖν Formerly we used to
ἡμέραν ἐπιστολὰς were writing letters. πολλοὶ καὶ σοφοὶ have many wise
ἐγράφομεν. διδάσκαλοι. teachers.
Ὁ παῖς τὰς σφαίρας The boy was Θαυμάζω τὴν I admire the virtue
ἀπέῤῥιπτεν. throwing away the ἀρετὴν τοῦ νεανίου. of the young man.
balls.
Ἡ κόρη συνέλεγεν The maiden was Τίς οὐ θαυμάζει τὴν Who does not
εἰς τὸ κανοῦν ῥόδα collecting roses and τοῦ διδασκάλου admire the wisdom
καὶ ἴα. violets into her σοφίαν; of the teacher?
basket.
Ἐγὼ ἑώρων ταῦτα I used to see these Ὁ θεὸς σοφός ἐστιν. God is wise.
τὰ καλὰ ῥόδα. beautiful roses.
Ἐκείνῃ τῇ αὐτῇ On that same day Ὁ θεὸς μόνος σοφὸς God alone is wise
ἡμέρᾳ ἡμεῖς ἐν τῇ we were staying in ἐστι καὶ μέγας. and great.
οἰκίᾳ σὺν ὑμῖν the house with you.
ἐμένομεν.
Ὁ νεανίας τὴν The young man was Οὗτος ἐστιν υἱός This is my son.
βακτηρίαν throwing away his μου.
ἀπέῤῥιπτεν. staff.
Ὁ ἔμπορος οὐ νῦν The merchant does Οὗτος ὁ ἐμὸς υἱὸς This my son is a
τοσοῦτον οἶνον not drink as much παῖς ἐστιν. boy.
πίνει ὅσον πάλαι wine now as he
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ἔπινεν. formerly used to
drink.

I throw away my Ἀποῤῥίπτω τὴν We were then Τότε ἐπέμπομεν
ball. σφαῖραν. sending these letters ταύτας τὰς
to the good stranger. ἐπιστολὰς πρὸς τὸν
ἀγαθὸν ξένον.
The boy was Ὁ παῖς ἀπέῤῥιπτε We do not now send Οὐ νῦν πέμπομεν
throwing away his τὴν σφαῖραν. so many letters as τοσαύτας ἐπιστολὰς
ball. we formerly used to ὅσας πάλαι
send. ἐπέμπομεν.
He was not Οὐκ ἀπέῤῥιπτε τὴν What were you Τί ἐθαύμαζες;
throwing away his ἑαυτοῦ σφαῖραν, admiring?
own ball, but mine. ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐμήν.
We had not mine, Οὐκ εἴχομεν τὴν I was admiring both Ἐθαύμαζον τὴν τε
but the merchant’s. ἐμήν, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ the wisdom and the σοφίαν καὶ τὴν
ἐμπόρου. virtue of the teacher. ἀρετὴν τοῦ
What was the young Τί ἔλεγεν ὁ νεανίας; Who were playing Τίνες ἔπαιζον ἐν
man saying? among (in) the τοῖς ῥόδοις;
roses?
He was saying Οὐδὲν ἔλεγε πλὴν The maiden was Ἡ κόρη ἢ ἐκεῖ
nothing except this. τούτου. either playing there, ἔπαιζεν, ἢ ἐπὶ τῇ
or at the spring. κρήνῃ.
What were the Τί ἐδίωκον οἱ The horse was Ὁ ἵππος ἔτρεχεν εἰς
young men νεανίαι; running into the τὴν μεγάλην νομήν.
pursuing? large pasture.
Either a peacock or Ἢ ταὼν ἢ The stranger had Ὁ ξένος εἶχε πολὺν
a squirrel. σκίουρον. much gold. χρυσόν.
The squirrel was Ὁ σκίουρος ἔφευγεν The horses were Οἱ ἵπποι ἀπέφευγον.
fleeing (from) the τὸν νεανίαν. fleeing away
young man. (escaping).
What young man Τίνα νεανίαν I see myself. Ὁρῶ ἐμαυτόν.
was he fleeing? ἔφευγεν;
This same young Τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν I see my own hat, Ὁρῶ τὸν ἐμαυτοῦ
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man. νεανίαν. not yours. πῖλον, οὐ τὸν σόν.
84
FORTIETH LESSON
152. Exercises
Ὁ μήν. The month. Σφήν τις. A certain wedge.
Ὁ μὴν οὗτος. This month. Τίς σφήν; What wedge?
Οὗτος ὁ αὐτὸς μήν. This same month. Τίσι σφησὶν ἀρτίως With what wedges
ξύλα ἐσχίζετε; were you just now
splitting wood?
Πολλοὶ μῆνες. Many months. Τούτοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς With these wedges
σφησίν. themselves.
Οὐ τοσοῦτοι μῆνες Not so many months Τίνι παίει τὸν With what does the
ὅσαι ἡμέραι. as days. νεανίαν ὁ man strike the
ἄνθρωπος; young man?
Οὗτος ὁ μὴν οὐχ This month is not as Ἢ τῇ χειρὶ αὐτὸν He strikes him
οὕτω μακρός ἐστιν long as that one. παίει, ἢ τῇ μικρᾷ either with his hand,
ὡς ἐκεῖνος. βακτηρίᾳ. or with his small
staff.
Τίς ξύλα σχίζει; Who is splitting Τίνες ἦσαν οἱ Who were the
wood? Ἕλληνες; Greeks?
Ὁ ἐργάτης ξύλα The workman is Οἱ Ἕλληνες καλοὶ The Greeks were
σχίζει. splitting wood. καὶ σοφοὶ ἄνθρωποι beautiful and wise
ἦσαν. men.
Τίνι σχίζουσι ξύλα With what do the Οἱ Ἕλληνες οὐχ The Greeks were
οἱ ἐργάται; workmen split οὕτω σοφοὶ ἦσαν, not as wise as the
wood? ὡς οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι. men of today.
Τούτῳ τῷ μεγάλῳ With this big Πολλοὶ τῶν Many of the Greeks
σφηνί. wedge. Ἕλλήνων σοφοὶ were wise.
ἦσαν.
Χθὲς ἕωθεν οἱ Yesterday morning Τινὲς (some) τῶν Some of the Greeks
ἐργάται ξύλα the workmen were Ἕλλήνων σοφοί τε were both wise and
ἔσχιζον. splitting wood. καὶ ἀγαθοὶ ἦσαν. good.
Ὅτε ὁ παῖς τὴν When the boy was
σφαῖραν ἔτυπτεν, striking the ball, we
ἡμεῖς τὰ ξύλα τοῖς were splitting the
σφησὶν ἐσχίζομεν. wood with wedges.
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A stick of wood. Ξύλον. During the other. Τὸν ἄλλον.
This wood. Ταῦτα τὰ ξύλα. During how many Πόσους μῆνας
months do you stay? μένετε;
Who was splitting Τίς ταῦτα τὰ ξύλα We do not stay so Οὐ τοσούτους
this wood? ἔσχιζεν; many months as μῆνας μένομεν ὅσας
days. ἡμέρας.
Somebody was Ἔσχιζέ τις ταῦτα τὰ The Greeks were Οἱ Ἕλληνες ἦσαν
splitting this wood ξύλα ἢ χθὲς ἢ wise. σοφοί.
either yesterday or πρώην.
the day before.
This (man) splits Οὖτος ξύλα σχίζει The Greeks used to Οἱ Ἕλληνες πολλὰς
wood with a wedge. σφηνί. write many books. βίβλους ἔγραφον.
Not with a silver, Οὐκ ἀργυρῷ σφηνί, This rich merchant, Οὗτος ὁ πλούσιος
nor a golden wedge. οὐδὲ χρυσῷ. when he was rich, ἔμπορος, ὅτε
had many books. πλούσιος ἦν, πολλὰς
βίβλους εἶχεν.
This wedge is not Οὖτος ὁ σφὴν οὐκ He had not so many Τότε οὐ τοσαύτας
silver. ἀργυροῦς ἐστιν. books then as he has βίβλους εἶχε ὅσας
now (ὄσας νῦν ἔχει). νῦν ἔχει.
This month. Οὖτος ὁ μήν. A certain Greek was Ἕλλην τις σοφὸς
wise. ἦν.
On that month. Ἐκείνῳ τῷ μηνί. Certain Greeks were Ἕλληνές τινες
both good and wise. ἀγαθοί τε καὶ σοφοὶ
ἦσαν.
During those same Ἐκείνους τοὺς God was always Ὁ θεὸς ἀεὶ ἵλεως ἦν
months we were μῆνας ἐγράφομεν. propitious to the τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς.
writing. good.
Was your father Πότερον ἔγραφεν ὁ The just are always Οἱ δίκαιοι ἀεὶ
writing that month, πατήρ σου ἐκεῖνον happy. μακάριοί εἰσιν.
or the other? τὸν μῆνα, ἢ τὸν
ἄλλον;
86
FORTY-FIRST LESSON
Render,
πέμψω σὲ ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς νομῆς, ἢ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ. I will send you from the pasture, or out
from the field.
ἕξω βακτηρίαν ἀντὶ σφηνός. I will have a staff instead of a wedge.
ὁ ἄγγελος ἔρχεται πρὸ τοῦ χρόνου. The messenger before the time (i.e., ahead
of time).
ἡ κόρη κάθηται σὺν τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἐν τῇ The maiden sits with her brother in the
στοᾷ. porch.
οἱ νεανίοι παίζουσιν ἐπι τῶν πετρῶν, ἀλλ’ The young men play on the rocks, but not
οὐκ ἐπὶ τῇ θύρᾳ. by the door.
Οἱ ξένοι οὔτε εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ἥξουσιν, οὔτε The strangers will come neither into the
ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον. house, nor on to the hill.
ὁ πατὴρ γράφει πρὸς τὸν ποιμένα περὶ τοῦ The father writes to the shepherd
υἱοῦ. concerning his son.
ἀνὰ τὸ πεδίον ἔτρεχον οἱ ἵπποι. The horses were running over the plain.
διὰ ταῦτα πέμπω πρὸς σὲ διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου. For this reason I send to you through the
messenger.
Οἱ ἵπποι διὰ τοῦ πεδίου τρέχουσιν. The horses run through the plain.
156. Exercises
Ποῦ κάθηται ὁ Where sits the Πότερον ξύλα χθὲς Were the artisans
ποιμήν; shepherd? ἔσχιζον οἱ τεχνῖται, splitting wood
ἢ οὔ; yesterday, or not?
Οἱ ποιμένες οὗτοι These shepherds sit Οὐ χθὲς ἔσχιζον They were not
ἐπὶ τοῦ λόφου on the hill. ξύλα, ἀλλ’ αὔριον splitting wood
κάθηνται. σχίσουσιν. yesterday, but they
will split tomorrow.
Πότε δεῦρο When will they Πόσας ἐπιστολὰς How many letters
ἥξουσιν; come here? γράψει αὔριον ὁ will your father
πατήρ σου; write tomorrow?
Σήμερον ἥξχουσιν, They will come Οὐ γράψει ὅσας He will not write as
ἢ αὔριον. today, or tomorrow. τήμερον γράφει. many as he writes
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today.
Πέμψω ἐπιστολήν. I will send a letter. Τίνι ταῦτα λέξεις; To whom will you
say these things?
Διὰ τί ταύτην τὴν For what reason will Ταῦτα τῷ ποιμένι I will say them to
ἐπιστολὴν πέμψπεις; you send this letter. τούτῳ λέξω. this shepherd.
Πέμψω αὐτὴν διὰ I will send it for Οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι These words will
πολλά. many reasons. (words) τὰς ψυχὰς harm our souls.
ἡμῶν βλάψουσιν.
Διὰ τίνος αὐτὴν Through whom will Οἱ ἄδικοι ἀεὶ The bad will always
πέμψεις; you send it? ἀλλήλους harm one another.
βλάψουσιν.
Πέμψω αὐτὴν διὰ I will send it Οὗτος ὁ κακὸς τὸν This bad man will
τοῦ μόνου υἱοῦ. through my only νεανίαν βακτηρίᾳ strike the young
son. παίσει. man with a staff.
Πόσα ξύλα σχίσει ὁ How much wood Οἱ ἵπποι ἢ πρὸ τῶν The horses either lie
ἐργάτης; will the workman πυλῶν κεῖνται, ἢ διὰ before the gates, or
split? τοῦ πεδίου πρὸς τὸν they run through the
λόφον τρέχουσιν. plain to the hill.
Τοσαῦτα σχίσει ὅσα He will split as
ἕξει. much as he will
have.

The shepherd. Ὁ ποιμήν. The father will send Ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς τὸν
to the physician ἰατρὸν πέμψει διὰ
through his (the) τοῦ ὑιοῦ.
son.
This shepherd. Οὗτος ὁ ποιμήν. Not through his own Οὐ διὰ τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ
son, but through ὑιοῦ, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοῦ
mine. ἐμοῦ.
This good shepherd. Οὗτος ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ Not through the Οὐ διὰ τοῦ τοῦ
ἀγαθός. merchant’s son, but ἐμπόρου ὑιοῦ, ἀλλὰ
the teacher’s. διὰ τοῦ τοῦ
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These same Οὗτοι οἱ αὐτοὶ What will the Τί λέξει ὁ ἄγγελος;
shepherds. ποιμένες. messenger say?
We speak Λέγομεν περὶ He will say nothing Οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν λέξει.
concerning these τούτων τῶν good.
shepherds. ποιμένων.
I see the shepherd in Ὁρῶ τὸν ποιμένα ἐν He will not say so Οὐ λέξει τοσαῦτα
the pasture. τῇ νομῇ. many things as ὅσα χθὲς ἔλεγεν.
(τοσαῦτα ὅσα) he
was saying
yesterday.
The shepherd Πολλοὺς μῆνας What shall you Τί εὑρήσεις;
remains many μένει ὁ ποιμὴν ἐν τῷ find?
months in the field. ἀγρῷ.
When will the Πότε ἥξουσιν οἱ I shall find my Εὑρήσω τὴν
shepherds come? ποιμένες; cloak. χλαῖναν.
Tomorrow. Αὔριον. I shall find my cloak Εὑρήσω τὴν
either before the χλαῖναν ἢ πρὸ τῆς
door, or on the θύρας, ἢ επὶ τῆς
table, or in the τραπέζης, ἢ ἐν τῇ
golden chest. χρυσῇ χηλῷ.
Through whom will Διὰ τίνος The merchant does Ὁ ἔμπορος οὐ
they send? πέμψουσιν; not drink as much τοσαῦτον οἶνον
wine as he formerly πίνει ὅσον πάλαι
(πάλαι) used to ἔπινεν.
drink.
Through the good Διὰ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ The man has not as Ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ
stranger. ξένου. much gold as he ἔχει τοσοῦτον
had. χρυσὸν ὅσον εἶχεν.
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FORTY-SECOND LESSON
160. Exercises
Φεύγουσιν οἱ Are the thieves Ταῦτα εὖ ἔχει. These things are in
κλέπται; fleeing? good condition.
Οὐ φεύξονται οἱ Will not the thieves Ὅτε λέξουσιν οἱ When the speakers
κλέπται; flee? ῥήτορες, τότε ἡμεῖς will speak, then we
ἀκουσόμεθα. shall hear.
Μὴ ἀποφεύξονται These thieves will Πόσους σκιούρους How many squirrels
(escape) οἱ κλέπται not escape, will λήψεται ὁ νεανίας; will the young man
οὗτοι; they? catch?
Πότερον Will the thieves Λήψεται ὅσους He will catch as
ἀποφεύξονται οἱ escape, or not? διώξεται. many as he will
κλέπται, ἢ οὔ; pursue.
Οὐδεὶς τούτων τῶν None of these evil Ὁ κλέπτης The thief will flee,
κακῶν ἀποφεύξεται. men will escape. φεύξεται, καὶ ἡμεῖς and we will both
διώξομέν τε καὶ pursue and catch
ληψόμεθα. (him).
Ταῦτα λέγεις; Do you say these Οὐ δραμοῦνται οἱ Do not the horses
things? ἵπποι διὰ τοῦ run through the
ποταμοῦ; river?
Οὐ ταῦτα λέγει ὁ Doesn’t the speaker Πότερα πεσεῖται ἡ Will the little girl
ῥήτωρ; say these things? μικρὰ παῖς εἰς τὸν fall into the stream,
ῥοῦν, ἢ οὔ; or not?
Μὴ ταῦτα λέξουσιν The speakers won’t Μὴ τύψει τὴν κόρην The bad man will
οἱ ῥήτορες; say these things, τῇ βακτηρίᾳ ὁ not strike the
will they? κακός; maiden with his
staff, will he?
Οὐ μόνον ταῦτα, They will not only Πότερον τὴν Will you hear the
ἀλλὰ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα say these things, but βροντὴν ἀκούσεσθε, thunder, or not?
λέξουσιν. many such things. ἢ οὔ;
Πόσον χρόνον How long will these Ἡμεῖς τὴν βροντὴν We will hear the
λέξουσιν οἱ ῥήτορες speakers speak? ἀκουσόμεθα, ὅτε thunder, when you
οὗτοι; ὑμεῖς τὴν ἀστραπὴν will see the
ὄψεσθε. lightning.
Τοσαύτας λέξουσιν They will speak as Οἱ ἄδικοι ἀεὶ ἄθλιοί The unjust are
90
ἡμέρας ὅσας ἡμεῖς many days as we εἰσιν. always wretched.
ἀκουσόμεθα. will hear.
Τίς τοῦ ῥήτορος Who will hear the Μὴ εὔνους ἐστὶν ὁ God is not well-
ἀκούσεται; orator? θεὸς τοῖς κακοῖς; minded to the bad,
is he?
Οὗτος ὁ σοφὸς This wise orator Οὐ τοῖς κακοῖς He is not well-
ῥήτωρ καλῶς λέγει. speaks excellently. εὔνους ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ minded to the bad,
τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς. but to the good.

I shall flee. Φεύξομαι. Will the horses fall Πότερον οἱ ἵπποι
into the river, or πεσοῦνται εἰς τὸν
not? ποταμόν, ἢ οὔ;
This thief will Οὗτος ὁ κλέπτης When shall we see Πότε ὀψόμεθα τὸν
escape. ἀποφεύξεται. the experienced ἔμπειρον ἰατρόν;
physician?
Will the thieves Ἀποφεύξονται οἱ Tomorrow. Αὔριον.
escape? κλέπται;
They will not Μὴ ἀποφεύξονται; By whom shall I Διὰ τίνος πρὸς
escape, will they? send to him? αὐτὸν πέμψω;
On what account Διὰ τί λέξεις ταῦτα. By this orator. Διὰ τούτου τοῦ
(διὰ τί) shall you say ῥήτορος.
these things?
On account of many Διὰ πολλά. What will these Τί λέξουσιν οὗτοι οἱ
things. orators say? ῥήτορες;
Whom will these Τίνας διώξουσιν They will say Οὐδὲν κακὸν
unjust (men) οὗτοι οἱ ἄδικοι? nothing bad, but λέξουσιν, ἀλλὰ
pursue? many good things πολλὰ ἀγαθά.
(πολλὰ ἀγαθά).
They will pursue the Διώξουσι τὸν There is something Ἔστι τι ἐν τῇ χηλᾠ.
good stranger. ἀγαθὸν ξένον. in the chest.
When the stranger Ὅτε ἥξει ὁ ξένος, What lies on the Τί κεῖται ἐπὶ τῆς
shall come (ἥξει) αὐτὸν διώξουσιν. table? τραπὲζης;
they will pursue
him.
This boy will play. Οὗτος ὁ παῖς The cat lies on the Ὁ αἴλουρος κεῖται
91
παίξεται. table, or before the ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης, ἢ
chest. πρὸ τῆς χηλοῦ.
When will he play? Πότε παίξεται; Has not the girl Οὐκ ἔχει μῆλα ἡ
applies in her παῖς ἐν τῷ κανῷ;
basket?
The young men will Οἱ νεανίαι The boy has not a Μὴ ἔχει ὁ παῖς
play by the fountain. παίξχονται πλησίον thorn in his tongue, ἄκανθαν ἐν τῇ
τῆς κρήνης. has he? γλώττᾳ;
The girl will not fall Μὴ πεσεῖται ἡ παῖς
into the fountain, εἰς τὴν κρήνην;
will she?
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FORTY-THIRD LESSON
165. Exercises
Εἰμὶ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ. I am in the garden. Οὐχ οἱ τῶν λεόντων Not the teeth of the
ὀδόντες, ἀλλ’ οἱ τοῦ lions, but those of
γέροντος. the old man.
Αὔριον ἡμεῖς Tomorrow we both Πόσους ὀδόντας How many teeth has
ἀμφότεροι ἐν τῷ will be in the same ἔχει ὁ γέρων; the old man?
αὐτῷ κήπῳ garden.
ἐσόμεθα.
Καὶ ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ Both you and I Οὐ νῦν τοσούτους He doesn’t have as
τήμερον ἐπὶ ταῖς today will be by the ἔχει, ὅσους πάλαι many now as he
θύραις ἐσόμεθα. doors. εἶχεν. used to have.
Ἕκαστος τῶν Each of the lions Οἱ ποιμένες The shepherds go
λεόντων ἐν τῇ ὕλῃ will be in the forest. ἀπἔρχονται. away.
ἔσται.
Οἱ θηρευταὶ τὸν The hunters will Ποῖ εἶσιν ὁ ποιμήν; Whither will go the
λέοντα διώξονται. pursue the lion. shepherd?
Οὗτοι οἱ θηρευταὶ These hunters for Οἱ ποιμένες ἢ εἰς The shepherds
πολλὰς ἡμέρας καὶ many days will τὴν ὕλην ἀπίασιν, ἢ either will go away
λύκους καὶ ἄρκτους pursue both wolves ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον. into the forest, or on
διώξχονται. and bears. to the hill.
Μὴ ἀποφεύξχονται The lions won’t Ὁ γέρων ἄρτι εἰς The old man was
οἱ λέοντες; escape, will they? τὴν οἰκίαν εισῄει. just entering his
house.
Πότερα φεύξχονται Will the wolves flee Ἡμεῖς τήμερον We will depart
οἱ λύκοι τὸν the hunter, or not? ἄπιμεν. today.
θηρευτὴν ἢ οὔ;
Ὁ ποιμὴν διώκει τὸν The shepherd Ὁ σκίουρος δάκνει The squirrel bites
λύκον. pursues the wolf. τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν. with his teeth.
Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ The bad always Μὴ δήξεται τὴν The squirrel will not
διώκουσιν pursue, and they κόρην τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν bite the maiden with
ἀλλήλους, καὶ always will pursue, ὁ σκίουρος; his teeth, will he?
διώξχονται. each other.
Οἱ ὀδόντες τῶν The teeth of the
λεόντων. lions.
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An old man. Γέρων. Not the horse’s tail, Οὐ τὴν τοῦ ἵππου
but the cat’s. οὐράν, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ
αἰλούρου.
This old man. Οὗτος ὁ γέρων. I shall go away. Ἀπειμι.
This same old man. Οὗτος ὁ αὐτὸς I shall come before Ἥξω πρὸ ἑσπέρας.
γέρων. evening.
This old man has Οὗτος ὁ γέρων Our friends were Ὁι φίλοι ἡμῶν ἅμ’
teeth. ὀδόντας ἔχει. going away at dawn. ἕῳ ἀπῄεσαν.
These bears and Οὗτοι οἱ ἄρκτοι καὶ They will depart Ἀπίασι πρωί.
lions have large λέοντες μεγάλους early in the
teeth. ὀδόντας ἔχουσιν. morning.
The wolf has his Ὁ λύκος ἔχει τοὺς Who is coming to Τίς μοι
(the) teeth large and ὀδόντας μεγάλους me? προσέρχεται;
white. τε καὶ λευκούς.
The hunter pursues Ὁ θηρευτὴς διώκει Nobody but this old Οὐδεὶς πλὴν τούτου
both the wolf and τὸν τε λύκον καὶ τὸν man. τοῦ γέροντος.
the lion. λέοντα.
The bears flee the Οἱ ἄρκτοι φεύγουσι Has not the old man Οὐκ ἔχει ὁ γέρων
hunter. τὸν θηρευτήν. a staff? βακτηρίαν;
The hunter was just Ὁ θηρευτὴς ἄρτι εἰς He has neither a Οὔτε βακτηρίαν
now entering into τὴν ὕλην εἰσῄει. staff nor a cloak. οὔτε χλαῖναν ἔχει.
the wood.
The boy will catch Ὁ παῖς λήψεται This is a good old Οὗτος ἀγαθὸς
this squirrel. τοῦτον τὸν man. γέρων ἐστίν.
σκίουρον.
The squirrel will not Μὴ δήξεται ὁ God will be always Ὁ θεὸς ἀεὶ ἵλεως
bite, will he? σκίουρος; gracious to the ἔσται τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς.
good.
The squirrel will Ὁ σκίουρος δήξεται
bite the tail of the τὴν οὐρὰν τοῦ
horse. ἵππου.
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FORTY-FOURTH LESSON
171. Exercises
Ἔγραψα ἐπιστολήν. I wrote a letter. Δῆλον ὅτι σὺ It is evident that you
βροντὴν ἀκούεις. hear the thunder.
Πρὸς τίνα ταύτας To whom did you Ὁ γέρων ἀπέῤῥιψε The old man threw
τὰς ἐπιστολὰς write these letters? τὴν τε χλαῖναν καὶ away both his cloak
ἔγραψας; τὴν βακτηρίαν. and his staff.
Ἔγραψα αὐτὰς πρὸς I wrote them to my Ὡς καλοί, ὡς How beautiful, how
τὸν ἐμὸν ἀγαθὸν good friend. μεγάλοι οὗτοι οἱ big these gardens
φίλον. κῆποι! are!
Πότερον ἔπεμψας Did you send the Ὁ ἄδικος ἔτυψέ με The unjust man
τὴν ἐπιστολήν, ἢ οὔ; letter, or not? τῇ βακτηρίᾳ. struck me with his
staff.
Ἔπεμψπα αὐτὴν διὰ I sent it through the Οἱ ἐργάται ξύλα The workmen split
τοῦ ἀγγέλου. messenger. σφησὶν ἔσχισαν. wood with wedges.
Οὐχ ἐχθὲς ἔπεμψα I didn’t send it Ἡ χιών. The snow.
αὐτήν, ἀλλ’ αὔριον yesterday, but I will
πέμψω. send it tomorrow.
Ὅτε ἡμεῖς When we were Λευκὴ χιών. White snow.
ἐγράφομεν, αἱ κόραι writing, the maidens
ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν were sitting on these
τούτων ἐκάθηντο. rocks.
Ἐν τίνι τόπῳ ἐστὶν ὁ In what place is my Ἡ χιὼν λευκή ἐστιν. The snow is white.
γείτων μου; neighbor?
Οἱ γείτονες ἡμῶν ἐν Our neighbors are Ἡ χιὼν κεῖται ἐπὶ The snow is lying
τούτῳ αὐτῷ τῷ sitting in this very τῆς γῆς. on the land.
τόπῳ κάθηνται. place.
Οὐκέτι ἐν τούτῳ τῷ No longer in this Ἡ χιὼν ἔπιπτεν ἀνὰ The snow was
τόπῳ, ἀλλ’ ἐν place, but in that. τὴν χώραν. falling throughout
ἐκείνῳ. the country.
Ὁ ἕτερος τόπος οὐχ The other place is Αἱ βόες ἔτρεχον διὰ The cows were
οὕτω μέγας ἐστὶν ὡς not as big as that τοῦ χιόνος, ἢ ἐν τῷ running through the
ἐκεῖνος. one. χιόνι ἔκειντο. snow, or they were
lying in the snow.
Χθὲς τὴν βροντὴν Yesterday we heard Δῆλον ὡς μακάριοι It is evident that the
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ἠκούσαμεν. the thunder. οἱ ἀγαθοί. good are happy.
Αὔριον ἀστραπὴν Tomorrow we will
ὀψόμεθα. see the lightning.

This place. Οὗτος ὁ τόπος. They say that the Λέγουσιν ὅτι οἱ
Greeks were wise Ἕλληνες σοφοὶ καὶ
and beautiful. καλοὶ ἦσαν.
This same place. Οὗτος ὁ αὐτὸς The boy threw away Ὁ παῖς ἀπἔῤῥιψε τὸ
τόπος. his cup. ποτήριον.
These very places. Οὗτοι οἱ τόποι The young men sent Οἱ νεανίαι ἔπεμψαν
αὐτοί. these letters to each ταύτας τὰς
other. ἐπιστολὰς πρὸς
ἀλλήλους.
Not into these Οὐκ εἰς τούτους They sent these Ἔπεμψαν ταύτας
places, but into τοὺς τόπους, ἀλλ’ letters instead of τὰς ἐπιστολὰς ἀντὶ
those. εἰς ἐκείνους. those. ἐκείνων.
What other place? Τίς ἄλλος τόπος; They sent their own Ἔπεμψαν τὰς
(τὰς ἑαυτῶν) instead ἑαυτῶν ἀντὶ τῶν
of ours. ἡμετέρων.
This other place. Ὁ ἄλλος τόπος Who lies in the Τίς κεῖται ἐν τῇ
οὗτος. snow? χιόνι;
Those other places. Οἱ ἄλλοι τόποι This old man was Οὗτος ὁ γέρων ἢ
οὗτοι. either lying in the ἔκειτο ἐν τῇ στοᾷ, ἢ
porch, or sitting ἐκάθητο πρὸ τῆς
before the door. θύρας.
What other places? Τίνες ἄλλοι τόποι; The orator said Ὁ ῥήτωρ ταῦτα
these things. ἔλεξεν.
None of these places Οὐδεὶς τούτων τῶν Who heard the Τίς ἤκουσε τοῦ
is so beautiful as τόπων οὕτως καλός orator? ῥήτορος;
that. ἐστιν ὡς ἐκεῖνος.
This place lies by Οὗτος ὁ τόπος They say that this is Λέγουσιν ὅτι οὖτος
(ἐπὶ τῷ) the river. κεῖται ἐπὶ τῷ a great orator. μέγας ῥήτωρ ἐστίν.
ποταμῷ.
I wrote a letter. Ἐπιστολὴν ἔγραψα. What is this? Τί τοῦτο;
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The boy sent a letter Ὁ παῖς ἔπεμψεν Wisdom is Σοφία καλή.
to his sister by this ἐπιστολὴν πρὸς τὴν beautiful.
hunter. ἀδελφὴν διὰ τούτου
τοῦ θηρευτοῦ.
They say that the Λέγουσιν ὅτι ὁ
hunter pursued θηρευτὴς ἐδίωξε τὸν
(ἐδίωξε) the lion. λέοντα.
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FORTY-FIFTH LESSON
174. Exercises
Ἔτυψέ σε ὁ Did the young man Τίς ἔφαγε τοῦτον Who ate this bread?
νεανίας; strike you? τὸν ἄρτον;
Ἆρα ἔπαισέ σε ὁ (So) did the bad Οὗτοι καὶ τὸν ἄρτον These ones both ate
κακὸς τῷ ξύλῳ; man strike you with ἔφαγον καὶ τὸν the bread and drank
the stick of wood? οἶνον ἔπιον. the wine.
Οὐκ ἔτυψε τὸν Did the teacher not Εἶδον τὸν λέοντα I saw the lion when
μαθητὴν ὁ strike the scholar? ὄτε ἔδραμεν εἰς τὴν it ran into the forest.
διδάσκαλος; ὕλην.
Οὐκ ἄθλιοί εἰσιν ἀεὶ The evil are not Ὁ παῖς τὸν The boy caught the
ὁι κακοί; always miserable. σκίουρον ἔλαβεν. squirrel.
Μὴ ἔπεσεν εἰς τὸν The boy didn’t fall Ὁ λύκος ἔδακε τὸν The wolf bit the
ποταμὸν ὁ παῖς; into the river, did ποιμένα τοῖς shepherd with its
he? ὁδοῦσιν. teeth.
Πότερα Are the strangers
προσέρχονται ἡμῖν approaching us, or
οἱ ξένοι, ἢ departing?
ἀπέρχονται;

When I found the Ὅτε τὸν πῖλον Who took the Τίς ἔλαβε τοὺς
hat, I took it. εὕρον, αὐτὸν thieves? κλέπτας;
ἔλαβον.
I saw the lightning. Εἶδον τὴν Did the thieves Πότερα ἀπέφυγον οἱ
ἀστραπήν. escape (ἀπέφυγον) κλέπται, ἢ οὔ;
or not?
Who else saw it? Τίς ἄλλος αὐτὴν Only one thief Μόνος κλέπτης
εἶδεν; escaped. ἀπέφυγεν.
Nobody but me Οὐδεἰς πλὴν ἐμοῦ How many golden Πόσα χρυσᾶ
either saw the οὔτε εἶδεν τὴν cups did you see in ποτήρια εἶδες ἐν τῇ
lightning or heard ἀστραπήν, οὔτε the basket? χηλῷ;
the thunder. ἤκουσε τὴν
βροντήν.
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Did the horse fall? Ἔπεσεν ὁ ἵππος; Not so many as I see Οὐ τοσαῦτα ὅσα νῦν
now. ὁρῶ.
(So) did the thieves Ἆρ’ εἰσῆλθον ὁι I did not see so Οὐ τοσαῦτα εἶδον
come into the κλέπται εἰς τὴν many as I shall see ὅσα ὄψομαι αὔριον.
house? οἰκίαν; tomorrow.
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FORTY-SIXTH LESSON
177. Exercises
Ὁ παῖς. The boy. Ὅτε τὰ θηρία ἦλθεν, When the wild
τότε ἔφευγον (went beasts came, then
to fleeing) ὁι παῖδες. the boys went to
fleeing. [inchoative
imperfect]
Οὗτος ὁ παῖς. This boy. Οὐκ ἐκεῖνοι μόνοι, Not those ones only,
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμεῖς but also we fled.
ἐφύγομεν.
Ἡ παῖς ἐκείνη. That girl. Οἱ κακοὶ φεύγουσι The evil flee even
καὶ (even) ὅτε when nobody is
οὐδεὶς διώκει. pursuing.
Οἱ παῖδες παίζουσιν. The boys play. Ὁ ξένος τὴν The stranger crossed
θάλασσαν διέβη. the sea.
Ἡμεῖς παίζομεν σὺν We play with the Οὐ τὴν λίμνην The hunters will not
τοῖς παισίν. boys. διαβήσονται οἱ cross over the lake,
θηρευταί, ἀλλὰ τὴν but the bridge.
γέφυραν.
Αἱ καλαὶ παῖδες The beautiful girls Οἱ θηρευταὶ τὸν The hunters crossed
παίζουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ play by the spring. ποταμὸν διέβησαν the river because
κρήνῃ. ὅτι τὰ θηρία εἶδον. they saw the wild
beasts.
Διὰ τί φεύγει ὁ Why is the shepherd Ὁ πατήρ μου My father went
ποιμήν; fleeing? ἀπῆληε (went away) away yesterday, and
χθές, καὶ σήμερον today he will come
πάλιν ἥξει. back.
Ὁ ποιμὴν φεύγει ὅτι The shepherd is Ταῦτα τὰ παιδία These children are
τὸν λύκον ὁρᾷ. fleeing because he καλά ἐστιν. beautiful.
sees the wolf.
Οἱ ποιμένες ἔφυγον The shepherds fled Ὁ ἀγαθὸς ποιμὴν οὐ The good shepherd
ὅτι τὸν λύκον εἶδον. because they saw φεύξεται, ὅτε τὸν will not flee when
the wolf. λύκον ὄψεται. he will see the wolf.
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I came. Ἦλθον. Those good little Ἐκεῖναι αἱ ἀγαθαὶ
girls. παῖδες.
Who came? Τίς ἦλθεν; The good little girl Ἡ ἀγαθὴ παῖς
is happy. μακαρία ἐστίν.
The messenger Ὁ ἄγγελος ἦλθεν. The bad boy is not Ὁ κακὸς παῖς οὐχ
came. so happy as the οὕτως μακάριός
good (one). ἐστιν ὡς ὁ ἀγαθός.
What did the Τί ἔλεξεν ὁ ἄγγελος; I saw many happy Πολλοὺς μακαρίους
messenger say? boys in the garden. παῖδας εἶδον ἐν τῷ
κήπῷ.
The messenger says Ὁ ἄγγελος λέγει ὅτι This boy caught a Ὁ παῖς ταὼν
that the river is both ὁ ποταμὸς καὶ peacock. ἔλαβεν.
long and crooked. μακρὸς καὶ σκολιός
ἐστιν.
When the young Ὅτε τοῦτο ἤκουσεν What else did he Τί ἄλλο ἔλαβεν;
man heard this, he ὁ νεανίας, ἀνέβη τὸν catch?
mounted his (the) ἵππον.
horse.
Our friends both Οἱ φίλοι ἡμῶν He caught nothing Οὐδὲν ἔλαβε πλὴν
went away and ἀπῆλθόν τε καὶ else except a fly. μυίας.
came back. πάλιν ἧκον.
When I shall hear Ὅτε πάλιν τὴν The beautiful little Αἱ καλαὶ παῖδες
the thunder again, I βροντὴν ἀκούσομαι, girls have beautiful καλὰ ῥόδα ἔχουσιν
shall see the τὴν ἀστραπὴν roses in their (τοῖς) ἐν τοῖς κανοῖς.
lighting. ὄψομαι. baskets.
The children fled Τὰ παιδία ἔφυγον We crossed the sea Διέβημεν τὴν
because they saw ὅτι τὴν ἀστραπὴν and the lake. θάλατταν καὶ τὴν
the lightning. εἷδον. λίμνην.
The boys. Οἱ παῖδες. They will cross the Διαβήσονται τὴν
bridge. γέφυραν.
The girls. Αἱ παῖδες.
101
FORTY-SEVENTH LESSON
181. Exercises
Εἷς παῖς. One boy. Τρεῖς ποταμοί εἰσιν There are three
ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χώρᾳ. rivers in this
country.
Μία κόρη. One maiden. Οἱ πέντε θηρευταὶ The five hunters
ταύτην τὴν μίαν crossed this one
γέφυραν διέβησαν. bridge.
Ἕν κανοῦν. One basket. Πὸσας ἡμέρας How many days did
ἔμεινεν ἐνταῦθα ὁ the stranger stay
ξένος; here?
Ἡ κόρη ἔχει δύο The maiden has two Ἔμεινε τέσσαρας ἢ He stayed four or
κανᾶ ἐν τῇ χειρί. baskets in her hand. πέντε ἡμέρας. five days.
Πόσας γλώσσας ἔχει How many tongues Αἱ παῖδες ἔχουσι The girls have
οὗτος ὁ νεανίας; does this young man τρισκαίδεκα μῆλα thirteen apples in
have? ἐν τοῖς κανοῖς. their baskets.
Δύο γλώσσας ἔχει. He has two tongues. Οὐδεὶς τῶν ῥητόρων None of the
ταῦτα ἔλεξεν. speakers said these
things.
Ὁ σοφὸς γέρων The wise old man Οὐδεμίαν μηλέαν I see no apple tree in
μόνην μίαν has only one tongue. ὁρῷ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ this garden.
γλῶσσαν ἔχει. τούτῳ.
Οἱ ἄνθρωποι μίαν Men have one Οὐδὲ μίαν ὁρῷ. I don’t see even one.
γλῶσσαν καὶ δέκα tongue and ten
δακτύλους ἔχουσιν. fingers.
Οὐδεὶς, πλὴν τούτου No one, except this
τοῦ παιδός, δύο boy, has two
γλώσσας ἔχει. tongues.

One apple or two Ἑν μῆλον ἢ δύο In the thunder I hear Ἐν τῇ βροντῇ
roses. ῥόδα. a hundred voices. ἑκατὸν φωνὰς
ἀκούω.
Either three men or Ἢ τρεῖς ἄνθρωποι ἢ I see only four Μόνον τέσσαρας
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four horses. τέσσαρες ἵπποι. horses on that hill. ἵππους ὁρῶ ἐπὶ
ἐκείνου τοῦ λόφου.
There are five or six Εἰσὶν πέντε ἢ ἕξ The three Οἱ τρεῖς ἄγγελοι
apple trees or fig μηλέαι ἢ συκαῖ ἐν messengers crossed διέβησαν δύο
trees in this one ταύτῃ τῇ μιᾷ νομῇ. two great seas, and μεγάλας θαλάττας
pasture. came into this καὶ ἦλθον εἰς
beautiful country. ταύτην τὴν καλὴν
χώραν.
One shepherd Εἷς ποιμὴν διώκει How beautiful is Ὠς καλὴ αὕτη ἡ
pursues many πολλοὺς λύκους. this country! χώρα.
wolves.
Many wild beasts Πολλὰ θηρία There is only one Ἔστι μόνος θεός.
flee one hunter. φεύγουσιν ἕνα god. [Post-recording
θηρευτήν. correction: Should
be Ἔστιν εἷς θεὸς
μόνος.]
How long (πόσον Πόσον χρόνον There is no God but Οὐκ ἔστι οὐδεὶς
χρόνον) do our μένουσιν οἱ φίλοι one. θεὸς πλὴν ἑνός.
friends stay? ἡμῶν;
They stay nine or Ἐννέα ἢ δέκα μῆνας God is propitious to Ὁ θεὸς οὐχ ἵλεώς
ten months. μένουσιν. none (οὐδενί) ἐστι οὐδενὶ πλὴν
except the good. τῶν ἀγαθῶν.
This boy has ten Οὗτος ὁ παῖς δέκα Not a single man Οὐδὲ εἷς ταῦτα
fingers. δακτύλους ἔχει. will say these λέξει.
things.
This field has a Οὗτος ὁ ἀγρὸς
hundred trees. ἑκατὸν δένδρα ἔχει.
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FORTY-EIGHTH LESSON
184. Exercises
Οὗτος ὁ κόραξ. This raven. Ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ ἐστὶ In wisdom is life.
ζωή.
Ἐκεῖνοι οἱ αὐτοὶ Those same ravens. Ἡ σοφία καὶ ἡ Wisdom and virtue
κόρακες. ἀρετὴ ζωὴ τῆς are the life of the
ψυχῆς εἰσιν. soul.
Οὗτοι οἱ κόρακες These very ravens. Οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς ἔχει No good person has
αὐτοί. ἰὸν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ. poison in their heart.
Ὁρῶ τρεῖς κόρακας I see three ravens in Ἡ τοῦ σοφοῦ The wise man’s
ἐν τῇ ὕλῃ. the forest. καρδία οὐδὲν ἔχει heart has nothing
κακόν. evil.
Τέσσαρες ἢ πέντε Four or five ravens Οἱ Ἕλληνες πολλὰ The Greeks
κόρακες ἐπὶ τῶν were sitting on the στάδια ἐκείνην τὴν journeyed many
δένδρων τῶν ἐγγὺς trees near the river. ἡμέραν stadia that day.
τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐπορεύθησαν.
ἐκάθηντο.
Ὁ κόλαξ ἔχει ἰὸν ἐν The flatterer has Πὸσους σταδίους How many stadia
τῇ γλώσσῃ. poison in his ἀπέχουσιν αἱ κῶμαι are the villages
tongue. τῆς θαλάσσης; distant from the sea?
Οὐ μόνον ἐν τῇ There is poison not Ὅσον (as much as, About one hundred
γλώσσῃ τοῦ only in the tongue about) ἑκατὸν stadia.
κόλακός ἐστιν ἰός, of the flatterer, but σταδίους.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῇ also in his soul.
ψυχῇ.
Ἡ καρδία τοῦ The heart of the Οἱ λόφοι ἡμῶν The hills were not
κόλακος πολὺν ἔχει flatterer has much απεῖχον οὐ πολλῶν distant from us by
ἰόν. poison. ἡμερῶν ὁδόν. many days’ journey.
Ἡ ἀρετή ἐστι πηγὴ Virtue is the source
τῆς ζωῆς. of life.

Virtue and wisdom. Ἀρετὴ καὶ σοφία. No flatterer shall be Οὐδεὶς κόλαξ φίλος
a friend of mine. μου ἔσται.
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Virtue is the source Ἡ ἀρετή ἐστι πηγὴ The flatterer has Ὁ κόλαξ ἰὸν ἔχει ἐπὶ
of wisdom. τῆς σοφίας. poison both on his τῆς τε γλώττης καὶ
tongue and in his ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ.
heart.
Virtue alone is Ἡ ἀρετὴ μόνη How many teeth has Πόσους ὀδόντας
wisdom. σοφία ἐστίν. the old man? ἔχει ὁ γέρων;
Virtue is in the heart Ἡ αρετή ἐστιν ἐν τῇ He has only four Μόνον τέσσαρας
of the wise. καρδίᾳ τοῦ σοφοῦ. teeth. ὀδόντας ἔχει.
A raven. Κόραξ. How many days’ Πόσων ἡμερῶν
journey is that ὁδὸν ἡμῶν ἀπέχει
country distant from ἐκείνη ἡ χώρα;
us?
Two ravens are Δύο κόρακες Six days’ journey. ἕχ ἡμερῶν ὁδόν.
sitting on that tree. κάθηνται ἐπὶ
ἐκείνου τοῦ
δένδρου.
I saw three ravens Εἶδον τρεῖς κόρακας The two villages are Αἱ δύο κῶμαι δέκα
yesterday. χθές. ten stadia distant στάδια ἀπέχουσι τῆς
from the sea. θαλάττης.
Who is a flatterer? Τίς κόλαξ ἐστίν; The two merchants Οἱ δύο ἔμποροι
were twenty stadia ἀπεῖχον ἀλλήλων
distant from each εἴκοσι σταδίους.
other.
My friend is not a Ὁ φίλος μου οὐ When the Greeks Ὅτε οἱ Ἕλληνες
flatterer. κόλαξ ἐστίν. crossed the river, διέβησαν τὸν
they were about ποταμόν, ἀπεῖχον
(ὅσον or ὡς) twelve τῆς γεφύρας ὡς
stadia distant from δώδεκα σταδίους.
the bridge.
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FORTY-NINTH LESSON
188. Exercises
Τί ὁρᾶτε; What do you see? Πότε ἥξουσιν οἱ When will our
φίλοι ἡμῶν; friends arrive?
Κόρακας ὁρῶμεν. We see ravens. Ἢ τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἢ τῇ Either on the second
τρίτῃ ἑσπέρᾳ. or on the third
evening.
Οὐ τοσούτους We do not see as Οἱ ἄγγελοι ἀπίασι The messengers will
κόρακας ὁρῶμεν many ravens as τῷ δεκάτῳ μηνί. depart on the tenth
ὅσους κόλακας. flatterers. month.
Οἱ ποιμένες The shepherds flee Πόσας χεῖρας ἔχει ὁ How many hands
φεύγουσιν ὅτι τὸν because they see the ἄνθρωπος; does man have?
λύκον ὁρῶσιν. wolf.
Ὅτε οἱ ἄρκτοι καὶ οἱ When the bears and Δύο χεῖρας ἔχει καὶ He has two hands
λέοντες τοὺς the lions saw the μίαν γλῶσσαν. and one tongue.
θηρευτὰς εἶδον, hunters, they fled.
τότε ἔφυγον.
Πάλαι πολλὰς Formerly we used to Ἐπὶ τίνι γελᾷς; What are you
μελίττας ἐν τούτοις see many bees in laughing at?
τοῖς κήποις these gardens.
ἑωρῶμεν.
Ταῦτα τὰ θηρία I used to see these Ἐπὶ τούτῳ γελῶ. I am laughing at
ἑώρων ἐγὼ ὅτε σὺ wild beasts when this.
εἰσῆλθες. you entered.
Τί ἔλαβεν εἰς τὴν What did the Ἡμεῖς ἐπὶ τούτοις We are laughing at
χεῖρα ὁ ἐργάτης; workman take into γελῶμεν. these.
his hand?
Ἢ τὸν σφῆνα, ἢ τὴν Either his wedge or Οἱ νεανίαι χθὲς τε The young men both
σφῦράν μου. my hammer. ἐγέλασαν, καὶ laughed yesterday,
αὔριον πάλιν and tomorrow they
γελάσονται. will laugh again.
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Οὐ τὴν ἐμὴν He didn’t take my Ὁ ῥήτωρ πρῶτος The speaker is the
σφῦραν εἰς τὴν hammer into his καὶ μόνος λέγει. first and only one
χεῖρα ἔλαβεν, ἀλλὰ hand, but yours, or speaking.
τὴν σήν, ἢ τὴν τοῦ the merchant’s.
ἐμπόρου.
Ἡ πρώτη ἡμέρα. The first day.

We laugh. Γελῶμεν. When I heard the Ὅτε τὴν βροντὴν
thunder I ran into ἤκουσα, ἔδραμον εἰς
the house. τὴν οἰκίαν.
We do not laugh. Οὐ γελῶμεν. The first man. Ὁ πρῶτος
ἄνθρωπος.
These (men) always Οὗτοι ἀεὶ γελῶσιν. Who was the first Τίς ἦν ὁ πρῶτος
laugh. man? ἄνθρωπος;
What are they Ἐπὶ τίνι γελῶσιν; My friend came on Ὁ φίλος μου ἦλθε
laughing at? the second morning. τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἕῳ.
At nothing (ἐπ’ Ἐπ’ οὐδενί. I saw the lion on the Εἶδον τὸν λέοντα τῇ
οὐδενί). third day. τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ.
At nothing good. Ἐπ’ οὐδενὶ ἀγαθῷ. The little girl took Ἡ παῖς ἔλαβεν εἰς
into her (the) hands τὰς χεῖρας τὴν
the fourth book. τετάρτην βίβλον.
The good (man) Ὁ ἀγαθὸς οὐ γελᾷ One wolf, two Εἷς λύκος, δύο
laughs at nothing ἐπ’ οὐδενὶ κακῷ. bears. ἄρκτοι.
bad.
I was laughing when Ἐγέλων ὅτε ἑώρων The lions. Οἱ λέοντες.
I was seeing the τὸν σκίουρον.
squirrel.
I laughed when this Ἐγέλασα ὅτε οὗτος I saw not so many Οὐ τοσούτους
boy took the squirrel ὁ παῖς τὸν σκίουρον lions as bears. λέοντας εἶδον ὅσους
into his hands. ἔλαβεν εἰς τὰς ἄρκτους.
χεῖρας.
The squirrel did not Μὴ ἔδακε τὸν παῖδα We crossed the sixth Διέβημεν τὴν ἕκτην
bite the boy, did he? ὁ σκίουρος; bridge on the tenth γέφυραν τῇ δεκάτῃ
day. ἡμέρᾳ.
I shall laugh again Αὔριον πάλιν The first day instead Ἡ πρώτη ἡμέρα
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tomorrow. γελάσομαι. of the second. ἀντὶ τῆς δευτέρας.
I always laugh when Ἀεὶ γελῶ ὅτε ὁρῶ
I see these two τούτους τοὺς δύο
squirrels. σκιούρους.
108
FIFTIETH LESSON
192. Exercises
Ὁ ποῦς τοῦ πώλου. The foot of the colt. Τοσούτου ἀργυρίου. For this much silver.
Οὐχ ὁ ποῦς τοῦ Not the foot of the Ὁ ἔμπορος πωλεῖ The merchant sells
πώλου, ἀλλ’ ἡ colt, but the head. τὰς χλαίνας μεγάλης the cloaks for a
κεφαλή. τιμῆς. great price.
Οὐχ οἱ τοῦ πώλου Not the colt’s feet, Ἐπώλησα τὴν I sold the cloak and
πόδες, ἀλλ’ οἱ τοῦ but those of the χλαῖναν καὶ τὸν the hat for the same
ἵππου. horse. πῖλον τῆς αὐτῆς price.
τιμῆς.
Ὁ πῶλος ἔχει The colt has four Τίνα φιλεῖς; Whom do you love?
τέσσαρας πόδας. feet.
Οἱ ἄνθρωποι δύο Men have two feet Τὸν ξένον τοῦτον I love this stranger.
πόδας καὶ δύο and two hands. φιλῶ.
χεῖρας ἔχουσιν.
Ἑκάστη ἡ χεὶρ Each hand has five Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἀεὶ τοὺς The good always
πέντε ἔχει fingers. ἀγαθοὺς φιλοῦσιν. love the good.
δακτύλους.
Τὼ χεῖρε ἀμφοτέρω Both hands have ten Ὁ ἀγαθὸς τὴν The good person
δέκα δακτύλους fingers. σοφίαν καὶ τὴν always both loves
ἔχουσιν. ἀρετὴν ἀεὶ φιλεῖ τε and pursues wisdom
καὶ διώκει. and virtue.
Ἡ αἴλουρος δάκνει The cat bites my Ὁ σκολιὸς ποταμὸς The winding river
μου τὸν πόδα. foot. ῥεῖ διὰ τοῦ πεδίου flows through the
εἰς τὴν λίμνην. plain into the lake.
Πόσου τὸν πῶλον For how much did Οἱ ποταμοὶ οὗτοι These rivers do not
ἐπώλησας; you sell the colt? οὐκ εἰς τὴν flow into the sea.
θάλασσαν ῥέουσιν.

What were you Τί ἐπώλεις; For this reason (διὰ Διὰ τοῦτο ἡ
selling? τοῦτο) the cat bit the αἴλουρος ἔδακε τὸν
boy. παῖδα.
I was selling this Ἐπώλουν τοῦτο τὸ The good always Οἱ ἁγαθοὶ ἀεὶ
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silver cup. ἀργυροῦν ποτήριον. love each other. φιλοῦσιν ἀλλήλους.
I shall sell it for a Αὐτὸ πωλήσω Nobody loves Οὐδεὶς φιλεῖ σοφίαν
large price. μεγάλης τιμῆς. wisdom and virtue καὶ ἀρετὴν πλὴν
except the good. τῶν ἀγαθῶν.
The boy laughs Ὁ παῖς γελᾷ ὅτι σὺ Wisdom is a Ἡ σοφία ἐστὶ πηγὴ
because you sell πωλεῖς τὴν χλαῖναν. fountain of life. τῆς ζωῆς.
your cloak.
For how much shall Πόσου τὸν πῶλον Virtue alone is Ἡ ἀρετὴ μόνη
you sell the colt? πωλήσεις; wisdom. σοφία ἐστίν.
For much money. Πολλοῦ ἀργυρίου. In the heart of the Οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ
flatterer is nothing καρδίᾳ τοῦ κόλακος
but poison. πλὴν ἰοῦ.
I was selling my Ἐπώλουν τὸν ἵππον The unjust do not Οἱ ἄδικοι οὐ
(the) horse when ὅτε εἰσῆλθες. love each other. φιλοῦσιν ἀλλήλους.
you came in
(εἰσῆλθες).
Where is the cat? Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ Whence flows the Πόθεν ῥεῖ ὁ μέγας
αἴλουρος; great river? ποταμός;
She is lying in the Κεῖται ἐν τῇ γωνίᾳ. It flows out of this Ῥεῖ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ
corner. hill through the λόφου διὰ τῆς
country into the sea. χώρας ἐις τὴν
θάλασσαν.
The cat was just Ἡ αἴλουρος ἀρτίως The hill is distant Ὁ λόφος τῆς
now lying on the ἔκειτο ἐπὶ τῆς many stadia from θαλάττης ἀπέχει
table. τραπέζης. the sea. πολλοὺς σταδίους.
The boy caught the Ὁ παῖς ἔλαβε τὴν
cat. αἴλουρον.
110
FIFTY-FIRST LESSON
195. Exercises
Πᾶς ἔμπορος. Every merchant. Πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἢ Every man is either
κακός, ἢ ἀγαθός bad or good.
ἐστιν.
Πάντες ἔμποροι. All merchants. Πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ All the rivers in this
χώρᾳ ταύτῃ ποταμοὶ land are winding.
σκολιοί εἰσιν.
Πάντες οἱ τεχνῖται. All the artisans. Οἱ δίκαιοι ἅπαντες The just all together
μακάριοι. are happy.
Οἱ ἐργάται ἅπαντες The workmen are all Ὁ ῥήτωρ δηλοῖ ὅτι The orator shows
ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ εἰσιν. together in the field. ταῦτα πάντα οὕτως that all these things
ἔχει. are in this condition.
Πᾶν ῥόδον καλόν Every rose is Ὁ θεὸς πάντα δηλοῖ God shows
ἐστιν. beautiful. τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς. everything to the
good.
Πάντα ῥόδα All roses have Δῆλον ὅτι ἡ ψυχὴ It is evident that the
ἀκάνθας ἔχει. thorns. ἀθάνατος. soul is immortal.
Οἱ σοφοὶ πάντες All wise men love Ὁ θεὸς ἑαυτὸν God shows himself
σοφίαν φιλοῦσιν. wisdom. δηλοῖ πᾶσι τοῖς to all good men.
ἀγαθοῖς.
Τίς ἔλεξε τὰ τοιαῦτα Who said all such Πάντα ταῦτα δηλοῖ All these things
πάντα; things? ὡς (that) ὁ θεὸς show that God is
ἀγαθός ἐστιν. good.
Ταῦτα πάντα, καὶ The orator said all Οἱ ῥήτορες The orators showed
ἄλλα τοιαῦτα πολλὰ these things and ἐδήλωσαν ἡμῖν us all these things
ἔλεξεν ὁ ῥήτωρ. many other such ἅπαντα ταῦτα. together.
things.

Every tree. Πᾶν δένδρον. Every thing is Πᾶν καλόν ἐστιν.
beautiful.
Every apple tree in Πᾶσα μηλέα ἐν τῷ The men of this Οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι
the garden. κήπῳ. time (οἱ νῦν οὐχ οὕτω σοφοί
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ἄνθρωποι) are not εἰσιν ὡς οἱ πάλαι.
so wise as those of
old.
All these apples fell Πάντα ταῦτα τὰ The messenger says Ὁ ἄγγελος λέγει ὅτι
into this basket. μῆλα ἔπεσεν εἰς that the stranger will ὁ ξένος ἥξει αὔριον.
τοῦτο τὸ κανοῦν. come tomorrow.
We hear these Ταῦτα ἀκούομεν διὰ The Greeks traveled Οἱ Ἕλληνες
things throughout τῆς χώρας. ten days’ journey ἐπορεύθησαν δέκα
the region. through the plain. ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν διὰ
τοῦ πεδίου.
They hear the voice Ἀκούουσι τὴν τοῦ Wisdom is the life Ἡ σοφία ἐστὶ ζωὴ
of God throughout θεοῦ φωνὴν διὰ (ζωή) of the soul. τῆς ψυχῆς.
all the earth. πάσης τῆς γῆς.
All this plain is Πᾶν τὸ πεδίον τοῦτο The sources of the Αἱ πηγαὶ τοῦ
beautiful. καλόν ἐστιν. river are from (ἐκ ποταμοῦ ἐκ τοῦ
out of) the high hill. ὑψηλοῦ λόφου
εἰσίν.
The father showed Ὁ πατὴρ ταῦτα During all those Πάσας ἐκείνας τὰς
these things to his ἐδήλωσε τῷ υἱῷ. days we remained in ἡμέρας ἐμείναμεν ἐν
son. the plain. τῷ πεδίῳ.
This letter will show Αὕτη ἡ ἐπιστολὴ
you (ὑμῖν) all πάντα δηλώσει ὑμῖν.
things.
FIFTY-SECOND LESSON
200. Exercises
Γέγραφα. I have written. Τὸ οὖς. The ear.
Τί γέγραφας; What have you Τὰ ὦτα καὶ αἱ The ears and the
written? παρειαὶ τοῦ νεανίου. cheeks of the young
man.
Ἐπιστολὴν I have written a Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ ἄνευ Nobody sees
γέγραφα. letter. ὀφθαλμῶν. without eyes.
Πρὸς τίνα τὴν To whom have you Ὁρῶμεν τοῖς We see with our
112
ἐπιστολὴν sent the letter? ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς eyes, and with our
πέπομφας. ὠσὶν ἀκούομεν. ears we hear.
Πέπομφα αὐτὴν I have sent it to my Ταῦτα πάντα τοῖς We saw all these
πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν. brother. ἡμετέροις ἀυτῶν things with our own
(with our own) eyes.
ὀφθαλμοῖς εἴδομεν.
Διὰ τίνος; Through whom? Ὁ γέρων οὐ βαίνει The old man does
ἄνευ βακτηρίας. not walk without a
staff.
Δἰ’ ἀγγέλου. Through a Οὐδεὶς ἀκούει ἄνευ Nobody hears
messenger. ὤτων. without ears.
Οὔπω τὴν I have not yet sent Τὸ τῆς κόρης The maiden’s face is
ἐπιστολὴν πέπομφα, the letter, but πρόσωπον καλόν beautiful.
ἀλλ’ αὔριον πέμψω. tomorrow I will ἐστιν.
send (it).
Πρὸς τίνα To whom have you Πάντες ἄνθρωποι All men have ears
πεπώληκας ταύτην sold this house? ἔχουσιν ὦτα, καὶ and eyes and feet
τὴν οἰκίαν; ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ and hands.
πόδας καὶ χεῖρας.
Πρὸς τὸν πλούσιον To the wealthy Τὸ ῥόδον οὐχ οὕτω The rose is not so
ἔμπορον. merchant. καλόν ἐστιν ὠς τὸ beautiful as the face
πρόσωπον καὶ αἱ and cheeks of the
παρειαὶ τῆς κόρης. maiden.
Πότερα δεδιώχασιν Have the hunters Εὕρηκα τὸν υἱόν. I have found my
οἱ θηρευταὶ τὰ pursued the wild son.
θηρία, ἢ οὔ; beasts, or not?
Οὔτε τοὺς λέοντας They have neither Ὁ ἐργάτης ἔσχικε The workman has
δεδιώχασιν, οὔτε pursued the lions, πάντα ταῦτα τὰ split all these big
τὰς ἄρκτους, ἀλλὰ nor the bears, but μεγάλα δένδρα. trees.
τοὺς λύκους. the wolves.
Ὁ σκίουρος τὸν The squirrel has
παῖδα δέδηχεν. bitten the boy.

To whom has the Πρὸς τίνα γέγραφε The boy has laughed Ὁ παῖς γεγέλακε ἐπὶ
father written all ὁ πατὴρ πάσας at (ἐπί) all these πᾶσι τούτοις.
these letters? ταύτας τὰς
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ἐπιστολάς; things.
To his son. Πρὸς τὸν υἱόν. We have always Ἀεὶ τεθαυμάκαμεν
admired the wise τὸν σοφόν.
(man).
To the good Πρὸς τὸν ἀγαθὸν The orator has Ὁ ῥήτωρ ἡμῖν
stranger. ξένον. showed to us (ἡμῖν, δεδήλωκεν ὅτι
πρὸς ἡμᾶς) that ταῦτα οὗτως ἔχει.
these things are so.
Who has loved the Τίς πεφίληκε τὸν Nobody sees Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ ἄνευ
stranger? ξένον; without eyes. ὀφθαλμῶν.
Nobody has loved Οὐδεὶς αὐτὸν We do not walk Οὐ βαδίζομεν ἄνευ
him. πεφίληκεν. without feet. ποδῶν.
How many ears has Πόσα ὦτα ἔχει ὁ We hear because we Ἀκούομεν ὅτι ὦτα
the boy? παῖς; have ears. ἔχομεν.
He has one ear and Ἔχει ἓν οὖς καὶ δύο We see with our Ὁρῶμεν τοῖς
two tongues. γλώσσας. (τοῖς) eyes. ὀφθαλμοῖς.
Other men (οἱ ἄλλοι Οἱ ἄλλοι ἄνθρωποι There is nothing in Οὔκ ἐστιν οὐδὲν ἐν
ἄνθρωποι the rest of δύο ὦτα καὶ μόνην my eye except a τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ πλὴν
men) have two ears μίαν γλῶσσαν thorn. ἀκάνθας.
and only one ἔχουσιν.
tongue.
We have split the Ἐσχίκαμεν τὰ The maiden has Ἡ κόρη ἔχει ῥόδα
trees and pursued δένδρα καὶ roses and lilies on καὶ ἴα (violets, since
the wild beasts. δεδιώχαμεν τὰ her cheeks. we haven’t had the
θηρία. word for lily) ἐν
ταῖς παρειαῖς.
We have sent as Πεπόμφαμεν
many letters as we τοσαύτας ἐπιστολὰς
have written. ὅσας γεγράφαμεν.
114
FIFTY-THIRD LESSON
203. Exercises
Τί ἑώρακας; What have you Ὦ νεανία, δύο ὦτα Young man, we
seen? ἔχομεν καὶ μίαν have two ears and
μόνην γλῶσσαν. only one tongue.
Οὐδὲν ἑώρακα πλὴν I have seen nothing Καὶ τὴν βροντὴν We have both heard
τούτων δυοῖν except these two ἀκηκόαμεν, καὶ τὴν the thunder and seen
αἰλούρων. cats. ἀστραπὴν the lightning.
ἑωράκαμεν.
Οἱ παῖδες ἑωράκασι The boys have seen Ὁ θηρευτὴς οὐ The hunter has not
πέντε κόρακας ἐπὶ five ravens on this τοσούτους λέοντας caught as many
τῆς συκῆς ταύτης. fig tree. εἴληφεν ὅσους lions as he has
δεδίωχεν. pursued.
Οἱ Ἕλληνες τὸν The Greeks have Καλὸν σῶμα. A beautiful body.
ποταμὸν crossed the river and
διαβεβήκασι καὶ have already come
δεῦρο ἤδη (already) hither.
ἐληλύθασιν.
Οἱ ποιμένες καὶ The shepherds have Ἐν τῷ στόματι τῷ There is poison in
λύκον ἑωράκασι, both seen the wolf τοῦ κόλακός ἐστιν the mouth of the
καὶ εἰς τὴν κώμην and fled into the ἰός. flatterer.
πεφεύγασιν. village.
Τὸ αἷμα ρεῖ διὰ τοῦ The blood flows Οὐ μόνον ἐν τῷ Not only in his
σώματος. through the body. στόματι, ἀλλὰ καὶ mouth, but in his
ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ. soul.
Ἡ τούτου τοῦ This young man’s Τὸ σῶμα ἔχει ὀστᾶ The body has bones
νεανίου γλῶσσα. tongue. καὶ αἷμα. and blood.
Τὰ ὦτα τοῦ νεανίου The ears of the Οὗτος ὁ ἔμπορος This merchant has
εἰς τὴν γλῶσσαν young man have ἔχει πολλὰ χρήματα. much money.
συνεῤῥύηκεν. flown together into
his tongue.

How much money Πόσα χρήματα ἔχεις Nobody eats Οὐδεὶς ἐσθίει ἄνευ
have you in the
115
chest? ἐν τῇ χηλῷ; without teeth. ὀδόντων.
Much. Πολλά. The orator has not Ὁ ῥήτωρ οὐ εἴρηκεν
spoken without a ἄνευ γλώσσας.
tongue.
There is much blood Ἔστι πολὺ αἷμα ἐν I have caught all Εἴληφα πάντας
in the body. τῷ σώματι. these squirrels. τούτους τοὺς
σκιούρους.
Much blood flows Πολὺ αἷμα ῥεῖ διὰ The disciple has Ὁ μαθητὴς
through all the παντὸς τοῦ collected all these συνείλοχε ταύτας
body. σώματος. books. τὰς βίβλους πάσας.
The mouth has one Τὸ στόμα ἔχει μίαν How wise is the Ὡς σοφὸς ὁ
tongue and many γλῶσσαν καὶ scholar! μαθητής!
teeth. πολλοὺς ὀδόντας.
We eat and drink Ἐσθίομεν καὶ How happy the just! Ὡς μακάριος ὁ
with our mouth (τῷ πίνομεν τῷ στόματι. δίκαιος!
στόματι).
Just as we see with Ὥσπερ ὁρῶμεν τοῖς How miserable the Ὡς ἄθλιος ὁ ἄδικος!
our eyes and hear ὀφθαλμοῖς καὶ τοῖς unjust!
with our ears, so we ὠσὶ ἀκούομεν, οὕτω
eat with our mouth. ἐσθίομεν τῷ
στόματι.
We have both eaten Καὶ ἐδηδόκαμεν καὶ How white are the Ὡς λευκοὶ οἱ
and drunk. πεπώκαμεν. teeth, and how ὀδόντες, καὶ ὡς
beautiful the cheeks καλαὶ αἱ πaρeιαὶ τῆς
of the maiden! κόρης!
The shepherd has Ὁ ποιμὴν τὸν λύκον This young man’s Τὰ ὦτα τούτου τοῦ
seen the wolf and ἑώρακε καὶ ears have run νεανίου εἰς τὴν
fled. πέφευγεν. together into his γλῶσσαν
(the) tongue. συνεῤῥύηκεν.
The wolf has seen Ὁ λύκος τὸν We have stayed a Πολὺν χρόνον
the shepherd and ποιμένα ἑώρακε καὶ long time. μεμενήκαμεν.
fled. πέφευγεν.
We have admired Τεθαυμάκαμεν τὸ
the beautiful face of καλὸν πρόσωπον
the maiden, and the τῆς κόρης, καὶ τὴν
wisdom of the τοῦ ῥήτορος
orator. σοφίαν.
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FIFTY-FOURTH LESSON
206. Exercises
Ὁ ἄνθρωπος The man falls down. Ὅτε ὁ νεανίας τὴν When the young
καταπίπτει (falls κόρην ὁρᾷ, τὴν man sees the
down). καρδίαν ἀλγεῖ. maiden, he has a
pain in his heart.
Τὰ μῆλα εἰς τὴν The apples fell Ὁ ῥήτωρ ταῦτα The orator has said
κρήνην κατέπεσεν. down into the πάντα εὖ εἴρηκεν. all these things well.
fountain.
Ἡ σφαῖρα πίπτει The ball falls down Κατὰ τίνος ταῦτα Against whom did
κατὰ τῶν πετρῶν. the rocks. ἔλεξεν; he say these things?
Οἱ δύο ἵπποι κατὰ The two horses fell Κατὰ τοῦ ἀδίκου Against his unjust
τῶν πετρῶν ἔπεσον. down the rocks. γείτονος. neighbor.
Μὴ ὁ παῖς κατὰ τῆς The boy will not fall Ταῦτα κατ’ οὐδενὸς I say these things
κλίμακος πεσεῖται; down the staircase, λέγω. against nobody.
will he?
Οἱ νεανίαι ξύλα The young men Οἱ θηρευταὶ τὰ καθ’ The hunters always
κατὰ τῆς ὀροφῆς were throwing wood ἑαυτοὺς θηρία ἀει pursue the wild
ἔῤῥιπτον. down from the roof. διώκουσιν. beasts near them.
Κατ’ ἐκεῖνον τὸν At that time I was Ἡ σάρξ καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ. The flesh and the
χρόνον ἐγὼ οἴκαδε journeying bones.
ἐπορευόμην. homeward.
Ὁ σκίουρος τὸν The squirrel has Τὸ σῶμα σάρκα ἔχει The body has flesh
παῖδα κατὰ τὸν bitten the boy on the καὶ αἷμα. and blood.
δάκτυλον δέδηχεν. finger.
Ἡ κόρη ἀλγεῖ τὴν The maiden has a Ταῦτα ἐναντίον We say these things
κεφαλήν. pain in her head. πάντων λέγομεν in the presence of
ἀγαθοῦ τινος ἕνεκα. all for the sake of
some good man.

The staircase. Ἡ κλῖμαξ. The boy has a pain Ὁ παῖς ἀλγεῖ τὸν
in his eye. ὀφθαλμόν.
The cat will descend Ὁ αἴλουρος By land and by sea. Κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ
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the staircase. καταβήσεται κατὰ θάλασσαν.
τῆς κλίμακος.
The young men will Οἱ νεανίαι The thief has struck Ὁ κλέπτης πέπαικέ
run down this hill. καταδραμοῦνται me on my foot με κατὰ τὸν πόδα.
κατὰ τούτου τοῦ (κατὰ τὸν πόδα).
λόφου.
The flatterer says Οἱ κόλακες ταῦτα According to these Κατὰ τούτους τοὺς
these things against λέγουσι κατ’ ἐμοῦ. words. λόγους.
me.
The raven eats the Ὁ κόραξ ἐσθίει τὸ The orator speaks Ὁ ῥήτωρ εὔ λέγει.
body. σῶμα. well.
The flatterer eats the Ὁ κόλαξ ἐσθίει τὴν He has spoken well. Εὒ εἴρηκεν.
soul. ψυχήν.
We have drunk so Πεπώκαμεν I have laughed at Ἐπὶ τούτοις
much wine and τοσούτον οἶνον καὶ these things. γεγέλακα.
eaten so much ἐδηδόκαμεν
bread. τοσούτον ἄρτον.
The wolf eats flesh Ὁ λύκος ἐσθίει God is just in all Ὁ θεὸς δίκαιος
with his teeth. σάρκα τοῖς ὀδούσιν. things. πάντα.
At those times the Κατ’ ἐκείνους τοὺς In the soul of the Ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἀδίκου
young men were χρόνους οἱ νεανίαι unjust (man) is ψυχῇ ἰός ἐστιν.
pursuing peacocks. ταὼς ἐδίωκον. poison.
I have a pain in my Ἀλγῶ τὴν χεῖρα. The blood runs Τὸ αἷμα ῥεῖ διὰ τῆς
hand. through the flesh σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν
and the bones. ὀστῶν.
The maiden is Ἡ κόρη καλή ἐστι
beautiful in the face. τὸ πρόσωπον.
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FIFTY-FIFTH LESSON
212. Exercises
Ὁ ἐνιαυτός. The year. Οἱ θηρευταὶ θηρία The hunters pursue
διώκουσι καθ’ wild beasts daily
ἡμέραν καὶ κατὰ and nightly.
νύκτα.
Πᾶς ἐνιαυτός. Every year. Οἱ φίλοι ἡμῶν Our friends come,
ἔρχονται, οἱ μὲν some monthly, some
κατὰ μῆνα, οἱ δὲ yearly.
καθ’ ἐνιαυτόν [sic –
should be κατ’
ἐνιαυτόν].
Πάντες οἱ ἐνιαυτοί. All the years. Ὁ μὲν ποιμὴν The shepherd
διώκει, ὁ δὲ λύκος indeed pursues, but
φεύγει. the wolf flees.
Τοῦτον τὸν During this year. Σὺ μὲν κατὰ τὴν You to be sure have
ἐνιαυτόν. κεφαλὴν ἀλγεῖς, ἐγὼ a pain in the head,
δὲ κατὰ τὸν πόδα. but I in the foot.
Τί ποτε ἔλεξεν ὁ What in the world Πότερα τὸν ἐμὸν Is it my colt you
ῥήτωρ; did the speaker say? πῶλον εὕρηκας, ἢ have found, or my
τὸν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ brother’s?
μου;
Ἔλεξεν ὅτι ὁ θεὸς He said that God Τὸν μὲν σὸν I have indeed found
μόνος ἐστὶ μέγας. alone is great. εὕρηκα, τὸν δὲ yours, but not that
ἐκείνου, οὔ. of your brother.
Οἱ μὲν ἀγαθοὶ The good indeed are Ποτὲ μὲν οἶνον Once to be sure I
μακάριοι, οἱ δὲ happy, but the bad ἔπινον, νῦν δὲ used to drink wine,
κακοὶ ἄθλιοί εἰσιν. miserable. οὐκέτι πίνω. but now I no longer
drink.
Ὁ μὲν πατὴρ νυκτὸς My father writes Τρεῖς γέφυραί εἰσιν There are three
ἐπιστολὰς γράφει, letters by night, I by ἐνταῦθα. bridges here.
ἐγὼ δὲ ἡμέρας. day.
Πότε ἦλθον οἱ When did the Ἡ μέση γέφυρά ἐστι The middle bridge is
κλέπται; thieves come? καλή. beautiful.
Ἀμφὶ μέσας νύκτας They came about Ἡ μέση γέφυρα The middle bridge
ἦλθον. midnight. κεῖται ἐν μέσῃ τῇ lies in the middle of
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λίμνῃ. the lake.
Ἤδη ἀμφὶ μέσον It was already about
ἡμέρας ἦν ὅτε τὴν midday when we
βροντὴν heard the thunder.
ἠκούσαμεν.

Where in the world Ποῦ ποτέ ἐστιν ὁ Who will come Τίς ἥξει περὶ μέσον
is my father? πατήρ; about mid-day? ἡμέρας;
He is writing in the Ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ γράφει. Nobody but my Οὐδεὶς πλὴν τοῦ
house. neighbor. γείτονός μου.
When does he Πότε γράφει; It was already about Ἤδη ἀμφὶ μέσον
write? mid-day when the ἡμέρας ἦν, ὅτε
stranger came. ἦλθεν ὁ ξένος.
By day and by Ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός. How long (πόσον Πόσον χρόνον
night. χρόνον) did he stay? ἔμεινεν;
The thief comes Ὁ κλέπτης κατὰ Six months. Ἓξ μῆνας.
nightly. νύκτα ἔρχονται.
The huntsmen go Οἱ θηρευταὶ καθ’ He stayed a year. Μῆνα ἔμεινεν.
forth into the woods ἕκαστον μῆνα εἰς
every month (καθ’ τὴν ὕλην
ἕκαστον μῆνα). ἐξέρχονται.
The shepherds Οἱ ποιμένες τοὺς He stayed a day and Ἔμεινε μίαν ἡμέραν
pursue the wolves λύκους διώκουσι a night. καὶ μίαν νύκτα.
annually. κατ’ ἐνιαυτόν.
It is clear that the Δῆλον ὅτι ὁ ξένος The nights are not Αἱ νύκτες οὐχ οὕτω
stranger has stayed πολλοὺς μῆνας so long as the days. μακραί εἰσιν ὠς αἱ
many months. μεμένηκεν. ἡμέραι.
The middle of the Μέσος ὁ κῆπος. Some say these Οἱ μὲν ταῦτα
garden. things, others those. λέγουσιν, οἱ δὲ
ἐκεῖνα.
The fountain lies in Ἡ κρήνη κεῖται ἐν I indeed sit, but you Ἐγὼ μὲν κάθημαι,
the middle of the μέσῳ τῷ κήπῳ. run. σὺ δὲ τρέχεις.
garden.
The middle field lies Ὁ μέσος ἀγρὸς We (indeed) pursue, Ἠμεῖς μὲν
in the middle of the κεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ διώκομεν, ὑμεῖς δὲ
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plain. μέσῳ. and you flee. φεύγετε.
About midnight. Περὶ μέσας νύκτας.
121
FIFTY-SIXTH LESSON
218. Exercises
Ὁ κόραξ μέλας The raven is black. Ἐμείναμεν μέχρι We stayed until the
ἐστίν. τῆς ἑσπέρας. evening.
Ὁ κόραξ ὅν σὺ ἐν τῇ The raven that you Οἱ θηρευταὶ τὰ The huntsmen will
χειρὶ ἔχεις οὐχ οὕτω have in your hand is θηρία μέχρι τῆς pursue the wild
μέλας ἐστὶν ὠς ὁ ἐν not as black as the λίμνης διώξονται. beasts up to the
ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὕλῃ. one in those woods. lake.
Ὁ κόραξ οὐχ οὕτω The raven is not so Ἐν ῷ ὑμεῖς While you were
μέλας ἐστὶν ὠς ὁ black as the ἐγράφετε, ἡμεῖς writing, we were
κόλαξ. flatterer. ἐγγὺς τῆς κρήνης playing near the
ἐπαίζομεν. fountain.
Ἡ τοῦ κόλακος The flatterer’s heart Ἕως ἔλεγον οἱ So long as the
καρδία μέλαινα. is black. ῥήτορες, τοσοῦτον speakers were
χρόνον ἡμεῖς speaking, for this
ἠκούομεν. time we were
hearing.
Ὁ ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ The wine in the cup Οἱ ξένοι ἐκάθντο The strangers were
οἶνος ἐρυθρός ἐστιν. is red. τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ sitting for three days
οἰκίᾳ, ἕως ἦλθον in the house, until I
ἐγώ. came.
Ἡ μὲν ἐμὴ χλαῖνα My cloak is indeed Ἐγὼ καὶ ἡ θυγάτηρ I and my daughter.
μέλαινά ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ black, but yours, μου.
σὴ, ἐρυθρά. red.
Ὡς μέλανες οὗτοι οἱ How black are these Ὁ πατὴρ ἔχει τρεῖς The father has three
κόρακες! crows! θυγατέρας. daughters.
Τὰ μὲν ῥόδα ἃ ἔχει To be sure the roses Οἱ φίλοι ἡμῶν μέχρι Our friends indeed
ἡ κόρη, ἐρυθρά that the maiden has μὲν τῆς ἕω μενοῦσι, will stay until the
ἐστι, τὰ δὲ ἴα, are red, but the τότε δὲ ἀπίασιν. morning, but then
μέλανα. violets, black. they will go.
Πόσον χρόνον How long did you Οὐ τὰ αὐτὰ πάλαι You didn’t formerly
ἐμείνατε ἐπὶ τοῦ stay on the hill? ἔλεγες ἃ νῦν λέγεις. say the same things
λόφου; which you say now.
Ἐμείναμεν ἐπ’ We stayed on it
αὐτοῦ ἕως τὴν until we heard the
βροντὴν
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ἠκούσαμεν. thunder.

My daughter. Ἡ θυγάτηρ μου. So long as the orator Ἕως ὁ ῥήτωρ
was speaking, the ἔλεγεν, ὁ παῖς
boy was pursuing ἐδίωκε σκιούρους
squirrels and καὶ ταώς.
peacocks.
I have seen my Ἑώρακα τὴν Black squirrels. Μέλανες σκίουροι.
daughter. θυγατέρα.
When did you see Πότε εἶδες τὴν Some squirrels (τῶν Τῶν σκιούρων οἱ
your (the) daughter? θυγατέρα; σκιούρων οἱ μέν) μὲν μέλανές εἰσιν,
are black, others οἱ δὲ ἐρυθροί.
red.
On the same day on Τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ Of faces some are Τῶν προσώπων τὰ
which (τῇ αὐτῇ ἔπεμψα ἐπιστολὰς black, others white. μὲν μέλανα, τὰ δὲ
ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ) I sent πρὸς τὸν υἱόν. λευκά ἐστι.
letters to my son.
My daughter stayed Ἡ θυγάτηρ μου Nothing is so black Οὐδὲν οὕτω μέλαν
six or seven days. ἔμεινε ἓξ ἢ ἑπτὰ as the soul of the ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ τοῦ
ἡμέρας. wicked (man). ἀδίκου ψυχή.
She stayed until Ἔμεινε μέχρις I see my father and Ὁρῶ τὴν πατέρα καὶ
evening. ἑσπέρας. mother. τὴν μητέρα μου.
We were pursuing Ἐδιώκομεν τὰ θηρία The father sends Ὁ πατὴρ πολλὰς
the wild beasts until μέχρι τῆς ἕω. many letters to his ἐπιστολὰς πέμπει
morning. daughter. πρὸς τὴν θυγατέρα.
We pursued them Αὐτὰ ἐδιώξαμεν The face of this Τὸ μὲν τούτου τοῦ
clear to the sea. μέχρι τῆς θαλάσσης. flatterer (τὸ μὲν κόλακος πρόσωπον
τούτου τοῦ κόλακος λευκόν ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ
πρόσωπον) is white, ψυχὴ μέλαινα.
but his (the) soul is
black.
While we were Ἐν ᾧ ἐγράφομεν, ὁ
writing, the hunter θηρευτὴς ἤσθιε καὶ
was eating and ἔπινεν.
drinking.
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FIFTY-SEVENTH LESSON
223. Exercises
Γέγραφα τὴν I have written the Ὁ φίλος μου My friend had both
ἐπιστολήν. letter. ἐζητήκει τε καὶ looked for and
εὑρήκει τὴν found the cloak.
χλαῖναν.
Οὐ τότε τοσαύτας I had not written so Εἰλήφειν τὸ θηρίον. I had captured the
ἐπιστολὰς many letters then as wild beast.
ἐγεγράφειν ὅσας I have written now.
νῦν γέγραφα.
Δεδράμηκα. I have run. Οἱ λέοντες The lions had fled.
ἐπεφεύγεσαν.
Ὁ παῖς ἐδεδραμήκει. The boy had run. Ὁ λύκος ἤδη The wolf had
ἐπεφεύγει ὅτε ὁ already fled when
ποιμὴν προσῆλθεν. the shepherd
approached.
Εἰ χθὲς ἔδραμε, καὶ If he ran yesterday, Τὰ μῆλα πίπτει. The apples fall.
(also) πάλιν αὔριον he will also run
δραμεῖται. tomorrow.
Τὸν κόρακα I have seen the Χθὲς ἔπιπτε μὲν τὰ Yesterday to be sure
ἑώρακα. raven. μῆλα, οὔπω δὲ (but the apples were
not yet) πάντα falling, but all had
ἐπεπτώκει. not yet fallen.
Τὸν μὲν μέλανα I shall see the black Ἡ ῥίς. The nose.
κόρακα ὄψομαι, τὸν raven, but not the
δὲ λευκόν, οὔ. white one.
Οὔπω τὴν βροντὴν I had not yet heard Πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι All men have one
ἀκηκόειν (sic – the thunder nor seen μίαν ῥῖνα καὶ δύο nose and two eyes.
should be the lightning, when ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχουσιν.
ἠκηκόειν?) οὔτε τὴν you crossed the
ἀστραπὴν ἑωράκειν, bridge.
ὅτε τὴν γέφυραν
διέβητε.
Ἤδη διεβεβήκειτε You had already Ἡ τοῦ νεανίου ῥὶς The young man’s
ὅτε ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ crossed the bridge μακρά ἐστιν. nose is long.
ἦν. when I was in the
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garden.
Εἰ ζητεῖς, εὑρίσκεις. If you seek, you Εἰ μακάριοι οἱ If the good are
find. ἀγαθοί, ἄθλιοι οἱ happy, the bad are
κακοί. wretched.
Εἰ ζητήσεις τὴν If you look for the
χλαῖναν, εὑρήσεις cloak, you will find
αὐτήν. it.
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A nose. Ῥίς. I had not found so Οὐ τοσούτους
many wedges as I σφῆνας εὑρήκειν
had looked for. ὅσους ἐζητήκειν.
The nose. Ἡ ῥίς. I had not drunk so Οὐ τοσούτον οἶνον
much wine as my ἐπεπώκειν ὅσον ὁ
friend. φίλος μου.
A long nose. Ῥὶς μακρά. I had written my Ἐγεγράφειν τὴν
letter about ἐμὴν ἐπιστολὴν περὶ
midnight. μέσας νύκτας.
The old man’s nose Ἡ τοῦ γέροντος ῥὶς The thieves were Ἤδη εἰσῄεσαν οἱ
is long. μακρά ἐστιν. already entering into κλέπται εἰς τὴν
the house, when οἰκίαν, ὅτε εἶδον τὸν
they saw the ἐργάτην.
laborer.
This man’s nose is Ἡ τούτου τοῦ I hear thunder. Βροντὴν ἀκούω.
not so long as mine. ἀνθρώπου ῥὶς οὐχ
οὕτω μακρά ἐστιν
ὠς ἡ ἐμή.
I had come. Ἐληλυθήκειν. I shall see the Τὴν ἀστραπὴν
lightning. ὄψομαι.
I had run. Ἐδεδραμήκειν. If we hear the Εἰ τὴν βροντὴν
thunder, we also ἀκούομεν, καὶ
(καί) see the ὁρῶμεν τὴν
lightning. ἀστραπήν.
We had written Πολλὰς ἐπιστολὰς The squirrel will Ὁ σκίουρος δήξεται
many letters. ἐγεγράφειμεν. bite the child on the τὸν παῖδα κατὰ τὸν
foot. πόδα.
We had not sent so Οὐ τοσαύτας The cat had bitten Ἡ αἴλουρος τὸν
many letters as we ἐπιστολὰς the colt. πῶλον ἐδεδήχει.
had written. ἐπεπόμφειμεν ὅσας
ἐγεγράφειμεν.
I am collecting Βίβλους συλλέγω. At daybreak (ἅμα τῇ Ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ
books. ἡμέρᾳ) I had sent ἀπεπεπόμφειν τὸν
away ἄγγελον.
(ἀπεπεπόμφειν) the
messenger.
126
I am looking for a Σφῆνα ζητῶ. The lake is ten Ἡ λίμνη τῆς κώμης
wedge. stadia distant from ἀπέχει δέκα στάδια.
the village.
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FIFTY-EIGHTH LESSON
227. Exercises
Ὁ λύκος ἄγριόν ἐστι The wolf is a fierce Πρωὶ μὲν They go forth early
θηρίον. wild beast. ἐξέρχονται, πᾶσαν in the morning, and
δὲ τὴν ἡμέραν they hunt all day.
θηρῶσιν.
Οἱ νεανίαι οὗτοι These young men Ποσάκις τῆς νυκτὸς How many times a
θηρευταί εἰσιν. are hunters. ἔρχεται ὁ κλέπτης; night does the thief
come?
Οἱ θηρευταὶ οὗτοι These hunters hunt Δὶς ἢ τρὶς τῆς Twice or three times
θηρῶσιν ἀφ’ ἵππου on horseback lions, νυκτός. a night.
λέοντας, καὶ and bears, and many
ἄρκτους, καὶ πολλὰ other wild beasts.
ἄλλα θηρία.
Ποσάκις ἐξέρχονται How often do the Ὑμεῖς μὲν ὀλίγον You came it is true a
οἱ νεανίαι ἐπὶ τὴν young men go forth πρότερον ἤλθετε, little before, but we
θήραν; to the chase? ἡμεῖς δὲ μικρὸν a little later.
ὕστερον.
Καθ’ ἡμέραν They go forth daily. Τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ τῆς On the day after the
ἐξέρχονται. θήρας τὴν γέφυραν hunt we crossed the
διέβημεν. bridge.
Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν δὶς τοῦ Those indeed go Ὑμεῖς αὔριον τὴν You will cross the
μηνὸς ἐξέρχονται, forth twice a month, θάλασσαν sea tomorrow, and
ἡμεῖς δὲ καθ’ but we each day. διαβήσεσθε, καὶ we not many days
ἑκάστην ἡμέραν. ἡμεῖς οὐ πολλαῖς after.
ἡμέραις ὕστερον.
Πρότερον μὲν Previously indeed
δεκάκις τοῦ they went forth ten
ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐξῄεσαν, times a year, but
νῦν δὲ μόνον δὶς, ἢ now they go forth
καὶ (even) ἅπαξ τοῦ twice or even once a
ἐνιαυτοῦ year.
ἐξέρχονται.
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I eat and drink. Ἐσθίω καὶ πίνω. How often do the Ποσάκις οἱ νεανίαι
young men go out to ἐξέρχονται ἐπὶ τὴν
the chase? θήραν;
We eat bread and Ἄρτον ἐσθίομεν καὶ Formerly (indeed) Πρότερον μὲν
drink wine. οἶνον πίνομεν. they went out twice ἐξᾔεσαν δὶς τῆς
a month, but now ἡμέρας, νῦν δὲ
only twice a year. μόνον δὶς τοῦ
ἐνιαυτοῦ.
How often do you Ποσάκις ἐσθίεις A little before. Ὀλίγον πρότερον.
eat bread? ἄρτον;
Twice a day. Δὶς τῆς ἡμέρας. A little after. Ὀλίγον ὕστερον.
Not so often now as Οὐ τοσάκις νῦν ὠς Not long after. Οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον.
formerly (ὠς πρότερον.
πρότερον).
This (man) eats Οὗτος ἐσθίει τρὶς I came not many Ἤλθον οὐ πολλαῖς
three times a day. τῆς ἡμέρας. days before. ἡμέραις πρότερον.
How many times a Ποσάκις τοῦ Who will pursue Τίς διώξεται ἐκεῖνα
year does the father ἐνιαυτοῦ γράφει ὁ those fierce wild τὰ ἄγρια θηρία;
write to his πατὴρ πρὸς τὴν beasts?
daughter? θυγατέρα;
Many times a year. Πολλάκις τοῦ Nobody except the Οὐδεὶς πλὴν τοῦ
ἐνιαυτοῦ. hunter. θηρευτοῦ.
Six times a month. Ἑξάκις τοῦ μηνός. The bad (man) is a Ὁ κακὸς ἄγριόν ἐστι
fierce wild beast. θηρίον.
Once a day. Ἅπαξ τῆς ἡμέρας. No wild beast is so Οὐδὲν θηρίον οὗτω
fierce as the unjust ἄγριόν ἐστιν ὠς ὁ
man (ἄδικος). ἄδικος.
Either daily or Ἢ καθ’ ἡμέραν ἢ Some pursue good Οἱ μὲν τὰ ἀγαθὰ
monthly. κατὰ μῆνα. (τὰ ἀγαθά), others, διώκουσιν, οἱ δὲ τὰ
evil. κακά.
129
FIFTY-NINTH LESSON
233. Exercises
Περὶ τίνος About which man Ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα Since you have said
ἀνθρώπου ταῦτα do you say these εἴρηκας, πάντα εὖ these things, all is
λέγεις; things? ἔχει. well.
Περὶ σοῦ. About you. Ἐπειδὴ ὁ ποιμὴν τὸν When the shepherd
λύκον εἶδεν, ἔφυγεν. saw the wolf, he
fled.
Περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ. About myself. Ἐπειδὴ ἀνέβη ὁ When the hunter
θηρευτὴς ἐπὶ τὸν ascended the hill,
λόφον, τί εἶδεν; what did he see?
Ταῦτα πάντα οὐ You don’t say all Οὐδὲν εἶδε πλὴν He saw nothing
περὶ τοῦ (your) these things about μιᾶς ἄρκτου. except one mama
ἀδελφοῦ, ἀλλὰ περὶ your brother, but bear.
σεαυτοῦ λέγεις. about yourself.
Ἔχω τὴν χλαῖναν I have the cloak Δύο ἄνδρες. Two men.
περὶ τῷ ἐμαυτοῦ about my own body.
σώματι.
Ποῦ οἰκοῦσιν οὗτοι Where do these men Ἀνὴρ ἀντὶ γυναικός. A man instead of a
οἱ ἄνδρες; dwell? woman.
Πρότερον μὲν περὶ Previously they Ἄνθρωπος ἀντὶ A man instead of an
τὴν θάλασσαν dwelled about the ἀλόγου ζώου. irrational animal.
ῴκουν, νῦν δὲ ἐν sea, but now they
τοῖς ἡμετέροις dwell in our plains.
πεδίοις οἰκοῦσιν.
Πότε σοι When did the Ὅτε ὁ ανὴρ λέγει, ἡ When the man
προσῆλθον οἱ ξένοι; strangers come to γυνὴ ἀκούει. speaks, the woman
you? hears.
Οὔτε χθές, οὔτε τῇ They came neither Ἡ γυνὴ οὐχ οὕτω The woman is not
προτεραίᾳ ἦλθον, yesterday nor the σοφή ἐστιν ὠς ὁ so wise as the man.
ἀλλὰ τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ day before, but on ἀνήρ.
ᾗ ἀπῆλθον οἱ the same day on
θηρευταί. which the huntsmen
departed.
130
Ἐπεὶ ταῦτα οὗτως Since these things
ἔχει, ἡμεῖς γελῶμεν. are so, we laugh.

This man. Οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ. The hunters were Οἱ θηρευταὶ ᾤκουν
dwelling about the περὶ τοὺς λόφους.
hills.
The man and the Ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἡ γυνή. Since the young Ἐπειδὴ ὁ νεανίας
woman. man is wise, he is σοφός ἐστιν,
happy. μακάριός ἐστιν.
The man and the Ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ τὸ After I saw the Ἐπεὶ τὴν κόρην
wild beast. θηρίον. maiden I wrote a εἶδον, πρὸς αὐτὴν
letter to her. ἐπιστολὴν ἔγραψα.
The man is not so Ὁ ἀνὴρ οὐχ οὗτω Nobody but the wise Οὐδεὶς πλὴν τοῦ
beautiful as the καλός ἐστιν ὠς ἡ is happy. σοφοῦ μακάριός
woman. γυνή. ἐστιν.
When the first man Ὅτε ὁ πρῶτος ἀνὴρ God is propitious to Ὁ θεὸς οὐχ ἵλεώς
saw the first εἶδε τὴν πρώτην none except the ἐστιν οὐδενὶ πλὴν
woman, he was γυναῖκα, μακάριος good. τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ.
happy. ἦν.
Man is a rational Ὁ ἄνθρωπος ζῶον Since you say this Ἐπει ταῦτα λέγεις,
animal. λογικόν ἐστιν. [I (ταῦτα) you speak εὖ λέγεις.
don’t think we’ve well.
ever been given the
word for ‘rational’.]
We speak Λέγομεν περὶ τῆς Because the old man Ἐπειδὴ ὁ γέρων
concerning the soul. ψυχῆς. is good and wise, all ἀγαθός τε καὶ σοφός
men (πάντες) ἐστιν, πάντες αὐτὸν
admire him. θαυμάζουσιν.
We have cloaks Χλαίνας ἔχομεν
about our bodies. περὶ τοῖς σώμασιν.
131
SIXTIETH LESSON
Render into Greek,
From the basket, out of the stream. Ἀπὸ τοῦ κανοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ ῥοῦ.
Instead of me, before the time. Ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ, πρὸ τοῦ χρόνου.
In the chest, along with the hunter. Ἐν τῇ χηλῷ, σὺν τῷ θηρευτῇ.
On the roof, at the gates. Ἐπὶ τῆς ὀροφῆς, ἐπὶ ταῖς θύραις.
On to the hill, throughout the region. Ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον, ἀνὰ τὴν χώραν.
Into the earth, down the stair-case. Εἰς τὴν γῆν, κατὰ τῆς κλίμακος.
At (κατά) those times, to the father. Κατὰ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους, πρὸς τὸν
πατέρα.
Through the plain, on account of the Διὰ τοῦ πεδίου, διὰ τὸν ἄγγελον.
messenger.
Concerning the old man, (close) about the Περὶ τοῦ γέροντος, περὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ.
head.
About the river, in connection with us. Περὶ τὸν ποταμόν, μεθ’ ἡμῶν.
After us, after those days. Μεθ’ ἡμᾶς, μετ’ ἐκείνας τὰς ἡμέρας.
239. Exercises
Οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν ἄνευ We have nothing Εἰ μηδεὶς λέξει, If nobody will
πόνου ἔχομεν. good without toil. οὐδεὶς ἀκούσεται. speak, nobody will
hear.
Ὁ ἐργάτης ᾄδει μετὰ The workman sings Εἰ μὴ ᾄσονται αἱ If the nightingales
τοῦ πόνου. in connection with ἀηδόνες καὶ αἱ and the swallows
his labor. χελιδόνες, οὐδεὶς will not sing,
αὐτῶν ἀκούσεται. nobody will hear
them.
Οἱ ἐργάται ᾄδουσι The workmen sing Οἱ νεανίαι ᾄδουσι The young men sing
μετὰ πόνον. after (their) labor. μετὰ τῶν κορῶν. in connection with
the maidens.
Οἱ ὄρνιθες ἀεὶ The birds always Εἰ λέξουσι πάντες, If everyone shall
ᾄδουσιν. sing. οὐδεὶς ἀκούσεται. speak, nobody shall
132
hear.
Ἡ μὲν χελιδὼν τῆς The swallow Εἰ οὗτος ὁ σοφὸς If this wise one will
ἕω ᾄδει, ἡ δὲ ἀηδών, (indeed) sings by λέξει, οἱ ἄλλοι speak, all the others
ἑσπέρας. dawn, the πάντες ἀκούσονται. will hear.
nightingale, by
evening.
Οἱ ὄρνιθες ᾄδουσιν, The birds sing, Ἡ ἀηδὼν πᾶσαν τὴν The nightingale
οἱ μὲν ἐν τῇ ὕλῃ, οἱ some in the forest, νύκτα ᾄδει. sings the entire
δὲ ἐν τοῖς κήποις. some in the gardens. night.
Μετὰ τοὺς ὄρνιθας, After the birds, we Τὸ μὲν κόρακος The raven’s body is
τῶν ῥητόρων shall hear the σῶμα, μέλαν, ἡ δὲ indeed black, but
ἀκουσόμεθα. orators. κόλακος καρδία. the flatterer’s soul
is.
Εἰ ᾄσεται ἡ ἀηδὼν If the nightingale
νυκτός, πάντες will sing by night,
ἀκούσονται. all will hear.

Who is singing? Τίς ᾄδει; Unless you shall Εἰ μὴ ζητήσεις, οὐχ
seek, you will not εὑρήσεις.
find.
My father and Ὁ πατήρ μου καὶ ἡ If the young man Εἰ ὁ νεανίας
mother are singing. μήτηρ ᾄδουσιν. writes a letter, he ἐπιστολὴν γράφει,
sends it. αὐτὴν πέμπει.
My brothers are Οἱ ἀδελφοί μου If he shall seek his Εἰ τὴν χλαῖναν
singing in ᾄδουσι μετὰ τῶν cloak, he will find ζητήσει, αὐτὴν
connection with my ἀδελφῶν. it. εὑρήσει.
sisters.
The nightingale is ᾌδει ἡ ἀηδών. If nobody shall Εἰ μηδεὶς λέξει, τίς
singing. speak, who will ἀκούσεται;
hear?
The swallow (μέν) Ἡ μὲν χελιδὼν If these things are Εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει,
sings by day and the ἡμέρας ᾄδει, ἡ δὲ so, all is well. πάντα εὖ ἔχει.
nightingale by night. ἀηδὼν, νυκτός.
If the birds shall Εἰ μηκέτι ᾄσονται οἱ The boy caught Ὁ παῖς οὐδὲν ἔλαβε
sing no longer ὄρνιθες, οὐδεὶς nothing except a πλὴν ταὼ καὶ
(μηκέτι), nobody αὐτῶν ἀκούσονται. peacock and a
133
will hear them. squirrel. σκιούρου.
If the wise man Εἰ ὁ σοφὸς λέξει, Nobody is happy Οὐδεὶς μακάριος εἰ
shall speak, all will πάντες ἀκούσονται. unless he is also μὴ καὶ ἀγαθός.
hear. (καί) good.
If nobody has said Εἰ μηδεὶς ταῦτα
these things, all is εἴρηκεν, πάντα εὖ
well (πάντα εὖ ἔχει). ἔχει.
134
SIXTY-FIRST LESSON
243. Exercises
Ὁ νεανίας οὗτος This young man is Εἰ παντάπασι If you were
σώφρων ἐστίν. sound-minded. σώφρων ἦς, μάλα altogether sound-
μακάριος ἂν ἦς. minded, you would
be very happy.
Μόνος ὁ σώφρων Only the sober- Εἰ ἐπιστολὰς If I write letters, I
μακάριός ἐστιν. minded is happy. γράφω, πέμπω. send.
Ὦ νεανία, εἰ Young man, if you Εἰ ἐπιστολὰς If I were writing
σώφρων ἔσῃ, καὶ will be virtuous, you ἔγραφον, ἔπεμπον letters, I should send
(also) ἔσῃ μακάριος. will also be happy. ἄν. them.
Οὐκ ἐκ πλούτου Happiness is not Εἰ οὗτος ὁ πλούσιος If this rich man
ἐστὶν εὐδαιμονία, from wealth, but σοφὸς ἦν, were wise, he would
ἀλλ’ ἐκ σοφίας καὶ from wisdom and παντάπασιν be altogether
ἀρετῆς. from virtue. εὐδαίμων ἂν ἦν. prosperous.
Οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι The rich are not Εἰ ταῦτ’ ἀκούσεται If the father shall
εὐδαίμονές εἰσιν, prosperous, but the ὁ πατήρ, πρὸ hear these things, he
ἀλλ’ οἱ σώφρονες. sound-minded. ἑσπέρας ἥξει. will come before
evening.
Ὁ πλοῦτος ἄνευ Wealth without Εἰ ὑμεῖς τοῦ If you had heard the
ἀρετῆς οὐδὲν ἔχει virtue has nothing ῥήτορος ἠκούσατε, speaker, you would
ἀγαθόν. good. πάνυ ἂν αὐτὸν very much have
ἐθαυμάσατε. admired him.
Ὁ σφόδρα πλούσιος The exceedingly Ἐπειδὴ εἰς τὴν ὕλην After we entered the
οὐ διὰ τοῦτο wealthy man is not εἰσήλθομεν, τῶν forest, we heard the
μακάριός ἐστιν. on this account ἀηδόνων nightingales.
happy. ἠκούσαμεν.
Πάνυ σοφὸς εἶ. You are quite wise. Εἰ ᾖδον ἕωθεν αἱ If the swallows were
χελιδόνες, ἡμεῖς ἂν singing at early
ἠκούσαμεν. dawn, we should
have heard.
135
Virtue alone is Μόνη ἀρετὴ He will be very Μάλα εὐδαίμων
happiness. εὐδαιμονία. wise. ἔσται.
Virtue is the Ἀρετὴ πηγὴ These roses are Ταῦτα τὰ ῥόδα
fountain of εὐδαιμονίας. exceedingly σφόδρα καλά ἐστιν.
happiness. beautiful.
Who is happy? Τίς ἐστι μακάριος; If I were rich, I Εἰ πλούσιος ἦν,
should have many πολλὰς βίβλους
books. εἶχον ἄν.
None but the sober- Οὐδεὶς πλὴν τῶν If the young man Εἰ ὁ νεανίας σοφὸς
minded are happy. σωφρόνων were wise, he would ἦν, τοῦ διδασκάλου
μακάριός ἐστιν. hear the teacher. ἤκουεν ἄν.
The sober-minded Οἱ σώφρονες καὶ If he had heard the Εἰ τοῦ διδασκάλου
and just are always δίκαιοι ἀεὶ μακάριοί teacher, he would ἤκουσεν, ταῦτα οὐκ
happy. εἰσιν. not have said these ἂν ἔλεξεν.
things.
They are very Μάλα εὐδαίμονές If I had seen the Εἰ τὸν λύκον εἶδον,
happy. εἰσιν. wolf, I should have ἔφυγον ἄν.
fled.
If the scholar shall Εἰ ὁ μαθητὴς τῷ The squirrel bites. Ὁ σκίουρος δάκνει.
come to the teacher, διδασκάλῳ
he will be wise. πρόσεισι, σοφὸς
ἔσται.
136
SIXTY-SECOND LESSON
247. Exercises
Οἱ ἀστέρες. The stars. Εἰ λαμπρός ἐστιν ὁ If the sun is bright,
ἥλιος, λαμπροί εἰσι bright also are the
καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες. stars.
Ὠς καλοὶ οἱ How beautiful the Καὶ εἰ λάμπει ὁ Even if the sun
ἀστέρες! stars! ἥλιος, ὅμως οὐ shines, nevertheless
πάντα δηλοῖ. it doesn’t show
everything.
Ὁ ἥλιος λάμπει ἐν The sun shines in Εἰ καὶ πάντα ταῦτα If even you say all
τῷ αἰθέρι, ὠς μέγας the sky, like a large λέγεις, οὐχ these things, you do
καὶ λαμπρὸς ἀστήρ. and resplendent star. ἁμαρτάνεις. not err.
Ὁ ἥλιος καὶ οἱ The sun and the Ὁ θεὸς οὐρανὸν God dwells in
ἀστέρες διὰ τοῦ stars travel through οἰκεῖ. heaven.
αἰθέρος πορεύονται. the sky.
Ὁ μὲν ἥλιος ἡμέρας The sun indeed Ὁ θεὸς μόνος God alone never
λάμπει, ἡ δὲ σελήνη shines by day, the οὔποτε ἁμαρτάνει. errs.
καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες, moon and the stars,
νυκτός. by night.
Ὁ μὲν ἥλιος διὰ τοῦ The sun it is true Εἰ ταῦτα λέξεις, If you shall say
αἰθέρος πορεύεται, travels through the ἁμαρτήσῃ. these things, you
οἱ δὲ ὄρνιθες διὰ sky, but the birds fly shall err.
τοῦ ἀέρος πέτονται. through the air.
Μέλαινα νεφέλη. A black cloud. Εἰ λέξομεν ὅτι If we shall say that
μακάριοι οἱ the rich are happy,
πλούσιοι, we shall err.
ἁμαρτησόμεθα.
Αἱ ἐν τῷ ἀέρι The clouds in the air Εἰ τοὺς ἀστέρας If I were seeing the
νεφέλαι πάνυ are quite black. ἑώρων, μέχρι τῆς ἕω stars, I should travel
μέλαιναί εἰσιν. ἂν ἐπορευόμην. until dawn.
Οὐ νῦν οὗτω They are not now as Εἰ εἶπον (had said) If I had said that the
μέλαιναί εἰσιν ὠς black as a little ὅτι οἱ κακοὶ bad are happy, I
ὀλίγον πρότερον. before. εὐδαίμονές εἰσιν, should have erred.
ἥμαρτον ἄν.
137
A beautiful star. Καλὸς ἀστήρ. Unless there had Εἰ μὴ ἦσαν νεφέλαι
been (εἰ μὴ ἦσαν) ἐν τῷ ἀέρι, εἴδομεν
clouds in the air, we ἂν τὸν ἥλιον.
should have seen the
sun.
The stars are Οἱ ἀστέρες σφόδρα The sun did not Ὁ ἥλιος οὐκ ἔλαμψε
exceedingly bright λαμπροὶ καὶ καλοί shine through the διὰ τῶν νεφελῶν.
and beautiful. εἰσιν. clouds.
No star shines Οὐδεὶς ἀστὴρ περὶ Even though you Καὶ εἰ ταῦτα λέγεις,
around the sun. τὸν ἥλιον λάμπει. say this, you do not οὐχ ἁμαρτάνεις.
err.
The sun goes alone Μόνος πορεύεται ὁ Not even though we Οὐδ’ εἰ πλούσιοί
through heaven. ἥλιος διὰ ἀιθέρος. are rich, are we ἐσμεν, μακάριοί
happy. ἐσμεν.
Nothing is so Οὐδὲν οὕτω καλὸν If I had written such Εἰ τοιαῦτα ἔγραψα,
beautiful as a star. ὠς ἀστήρ. things, I should σφόδρα ἂν ἥμαρτον.
have exceedingly
erred.
If the stars were Εἰ ἔλαμπον οἱ The birds do not fly Οἱ ὄρνιθες οὐ
shining (ἔλαμπον), ἀστέρες, in the ether, but in πέτονται ἐν τῷ
we should find the εὑρίσκομεν ἂν τὴν the atmosphere. αἰθέρι, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ
road. ὁδόν. ἀέρι.
Even though the Καὶ εἰ ἔλαμπον οἱ
stars were shining, ἀστέρες, οὐχ
we did not find (οὐχ εὕρομεν τὴν ὁδόν.
εὕρομεν) the road.
138
SIXTY-THIRD LESSON
253. Exercises
Παρὰ τίνος ἔρχεται From whom comes Παρὰ τῷ σοφῷ With the wise
ὁ ἄγγελος; the messenger? διδασκάλῳ. teacher.
Παρὰ τοῦ ἐμοῦ He comes from my Οἱ θηρευταὶ The hunters dwell
πατρὸς ἔρχεται. father. οἰκοῦσιν ἢ περὶ τὴν either around the
λίμνην, ἢ παρὰ τὸν lake or along the
ποταμόν. river.
Παρὰ τίνα γράφει ὁ To whom writes the Ταῦτα λέγεις παρὰ You say this in
νεανίας; young man? τὸ δίκαιον. violation of justice.
Παρὰ (πρὸς) τὴν To the beautiful Παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῶα Compared to the
καλὴν κόρην. maiden. οἱ ἄνθρωποι ὠς θεοί other animals men
εἰσιν. are like gods.
Πέμπει τὴν He sends the letter Παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν During the entire
ἐπιστολὴν οὐ παρὰ not to my daughter, θήραν οἱ θηρευταὶ hunt the hunters
(πρὸς) τὴν ἐμὴν but to yours. οὔτε ἄρτον neither eat bread nor
θυγατέρα, ἀλλὰ ἐσθίουσιν, οὔτε drink wine.
παρὰ τὴν σήν. οἶνον πίνουσιν.
Κατὰ τίνος ταῦτα Against whom do Οἱ μὲν ὕδωρ, οἱ δὲ Some drink water,
λέγεις; you say this? γάλα πίνουσιν. some milk.
Κατὰ τούτου τοῦ Against this unjust Πρότερον μὲν οἶνον Previously indeed
ἀδίκου. person. ἔπινον, νῦν δὲ ὕδωρ they drank wine, but
ἢ γάλα πίνουσιν. now they drink
water or milk.
Κατὰ τίνα νόμον; According to what Ἐδήδοκα τοῦ ἄρτου. I have eaten some of
law? the bread.
Κατὰ τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ According to God’s Τοῦ μέλιτος ἢ τοῦ You have taken
νόμον καὶ τὸν τοῦ law and man’s. γάλακτος εἴληφας. some of the honey
ἀνθρώπου. or of the milk.
Οἱ ἄδικοι πάντας The unjust Εἰ ταῦτα οὗτως ἔχει, If these things are
τοὺς νόμους καθ’ transgress all the ἡμάρτηκας. such, you have
ἡμέραν laws daily. erred.
παραβαίνουσιν.
Παρὰ τίνι μένουσιν With whom are the
οἱ νεανίαι; young men staying?
139
From whom do you Παρὰ τίνος ἔρχεσθε; I stay with my Παρὰ τῷ ἀδελφῷ
come? brother during so μένω παρὰ
many days. τοσαύτας ἡμέρας.
We come from the Παρὰ τοῦ ἐμπόρου If I stayed with you, Εἰ παρά σοι ἔμενον,
merchant. ἐρχόμεθα. I should send letters ἐπιστολὰς ἔπεμπον
to my brother. ἂν παρὰ τὸν
ἀδελφόν.
Not from the Οὐ παρὰ τοῦ The time has passed Παρελήλυθεν ὁ
merchant, but from ἐμπόρου, ἀλλὰ παρὰ by. χρόνος.
the physician. τοῦ ἰατροῦ.
To whom do you Παρὰ τίνα πέμπεις The orators all come Οἱ ῥήτορες πάντες
send this letter? ταύτην τὴν forward. παρέρχονται.
ἐπιστολήν;
To my sister. Παρὰ τὴν ἀδελφήν. At that time, none of Κατ’ ἐκεῖνον τὸν
the orators came χρόνον οὐδεὶς τῶν
forward. ῥητόρων παρῆλθεν.
The father writes to Ὁ πατὴρ γράφει If the orators had Εἰ οἱ ῥήτορες
his daughter. παρὰ τὴν θυγατέρα. been present παρῆσαν, παρῆλθον
(παρῆσαν) they ἄν.
would have come
forward.
The orator speaks Ὁ ῥήτωρ λέγει κατὰ I drink as much Πίνω τοσοῦτον
against the unjust τοῦ ἀδίκου κατὰ water as milk. ὕδωρ ὅσον γάλα.
(man) according to τοὺς νόμους.
the laws.
Contrary to (in Παρὰ τοὺς νόμους. The irrational (man) Ὁ ἄλογος πίνει
violation of) the drinks as much wine τοσοῦτον οἶνον
laws. as water. ὅσον ὕδωρ.
Along the sea, and Παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν I indeed drink Ἐγὼ μὲν ὕδωρ πίνω,
along the river. καὶ παρὰ τὸν water, and you, σὺ δὲ, οἶνον.
ποταμόν. wine.
With whom do you Παρὰ τίνι μένεις A fly has fallen into Μυῖα πέπτωκεν εἰς
stay during the παρὰ τὴν θήραν; the milk. τὸ ὕδωρ.
chase?
140
SIXTY-FOURTH LESSON
257. Exercises
Θερμὸν ὕδωρ. Hot water. Ὁ μαθητὴς μένει The scholar stays
παρὰ τῷ διδασκάλῳ, with the teacher in
ἵνα σοφὸς καὶ order that he may be
σώφρων ᾖ. wise and sound-
minded.
Ὕδωρ ψυχρόν. Cold water. Ὁ ῥήτωρ The speaker comes
παρέρχεται ἵνα forward in order that
λέγῃ. he may speak.
Τὸ μὲν ὕδωρ Water to be sure is Ὁ παῖς τὸ ξύλον The boy will take
ψυχρόν, τὸ δὲ πῦρ cold, while fire is λήψεται ἵνα εἰς τὸ the stick of wood
θερμόν ἐστιν. hot. πῦρ ῥίψῃ. that he may throw it
into the fire.
Τὸ πῦρ λαμπρόν The fire is bright. Ἀεὶ δεῦρο ἐρχόμεθα We always come
ἐστιν. ἵνα τῶν ῥητόρων hither that we may
ἀκούωμεν. hear the speakers.
Ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι πῦρ. The sun is fire. Ἥκω ἵνα ξύλα I have come in order
σχίσω. that I may cut the
wood.
Ὁ μὲν ἥλιος πῦρ The sun indeed is Οἱ θηρευταὶ The hunters are
ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ σελήνη, fire, the moon, πάρεισιν (are present that they
γῆ. earth. present) ἵνα ἄρτον may eat bread and
ἐσθίωσι, καὶ γάλα drink milk.
πίνωσιν.
Τὸ μὲν πῦρ ἐρυθρόν Fire indeed is red, Γράφω τὴν I write the letter in
ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ σελήνη, the moon, black. ἐπιστολὴν ἵνα order that I may
μέλαινα. πέμψω αὐτήν. send it.
Τὸ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ The water in this Ἀεὶ ἐπιστολὰς I always write
κρήνῃ ὕδωρ μάλα spring is very cold. γράφω ἵνα πέμπω letters that I may
ψυχρόν ἐστιν. αὐτὰς πρὸς τινα. send them to
someone.
Εἰ λίθον εἰς τὸ πῦρ If you shall throw a Ὁ θεὸς τοὺς κακοὺς God will pursue the
ῥίψεις, ὅμως οὐ stone into the fire, διώξεται καὶ διὰ evil both through
λάμψει. yet it will not shine. πυρός, καὶ δι’ fire and through
141
ὕδατος. water.

The water is warm. Τὸ ὕδωρ θερμόν Some (οἱ μέν) are Οἱ μὲν πάρεισιν ἵνα
ἐστιν. present that they οἶνον πίνωσιν, οἱ δὲ
may drink wine, ἵνα ὕδωρ πίνωσιν.
others, that they
may drink water.
The water is not so Τὸ ὕδωρ οὐχ οὕτω If I had honey, I Εἰ μέλι εἶχον, οὐκ
warm as the fire. θερμόν ἐστιν ὡς τὸ should not eat so ἂν ἤσθιον τοσοῦτον
πῦρ. much bread. ἄρτον.
That water is neither Ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὕδωρ The young men will Οἱ νεανίαι ἐξίασιν
warm nor cold. οὔτε θερμὸν οὔτε go out at day-break ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἵνα
ψυχρόν ἐστιν. (ἐξίασιν ἅμα τῇ θηρῶσι θηρία.
ἡμέρᾳ) that they
may hunt wild
beasts.
If the water shall Εἰ μενεῖ τὸ ὕδωρ We flee that you Ἡμεῖς φεύγομεν ἵνα
remain near the fire, ἐγγὺς τοῦ πυρός, may pursue. ὑμεῖς διώκητε.
it will be warm. θερμὸν ἔσται.
The boy throws Ὁ παῖς οὔτε ξύλα We flee because you Ἡμεῖς φεύγομεν ὅτι
neither wood nor οὔτε ὕδωρ ῥίπτει ἐπὶ pursue. ὑμεῖς διώκετε.
water on to the fire. τὸ πῦρ.
I have come that I Ἥκω ἵνα ῥίψω If the lion had fled, Εἰ ὁ λέον ἔφυγεν, ὁ
may throw a stone. λίθον. the hunter would θηρευτὴς ἐδίωξεν
have pursued. ἄν.
We always throw Ἀεὶ ξύλα ῥίπτομεν We shall pursue Διωξόμεθα μέχρι
wood instead of ἀντὶ λίθων. clear to the sea. τῆς θαλάσσης.
stones.
I am present that I Πάρειμι ἵνα οἶνον
may drink wine πίνω ἀντὶ γάλακτος.
instead of milk.
142
SIXTY-FIFTH LESSON
261. Exercises
Ὁ ἱππεύς. The horseman. Παρὰ τοῦ πλουσίου From the rich
ἐργάτου. workman.
Οἱ τοῦ βασιλέως The king’s Τί εἶχεν ἐν ταῖς What did he have in
ἱππεῖς. horsemen. χερσίν; his hands?
Ὁι ἱππεῖς ἀπὸ τῶν The horsemen will Σῦκα καὶ κεράσια He had figs and
ἵππων descend from their εἶχεν. cherries.
καταβήσονται. horses.
Ὁ ἱππεὺς ἔρχεται The horseman Ὁ νεανίας ἥκει ἵνα The young man has
παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου comes from the κεράσια φάγῃ. come that he may
βασιλέως. great king. eat cherries.
Ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν The king has sent Ὁ παῖς πολλὰ The boy will both
ἱππέα ὡς ἄγγελον the horseman as a κεράσια καὶ σῦκα collect and eat many
πέφομφεν. messenger. καὶ συλλέξει καὶ cherries and figs.
ἔδεται.
Οἱ γονεῖς τοὺς υἱοὺς Parents love their Τίς πάντα ταῦτα τὰ Who devoured all
φιλοῦσιν. sons. σῦκα κατέφαγεν; these figs?
Ὁ παῖς τοὺς γονεῖς The boy sees his Οὗτος ὁ θηρατής, This hunter, after he
ἐν τῷ κήπῳ ὁρᾷ. parents in the ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ τῆς entered from the
garden. θήρας εἰσῆλθεν. hunt.
Οἱ Ἕλληνες The Greeks have Πολλοὶ κέρασοί There are many
ἐληλύθασιν ἵνα come that they may εἰσιν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ cherry trees in this
οἴκαδε πορεύωνται. journey homeward. τούτῳ. place.
Αἱ κόραι ἐξίασιν ἵνα The maidens will go Οἱ κέρασοι οὐκ ἐν The cherry trees are
ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν out in order that τῷ ἐμῷ κήπῳ εἰσίν, not in my garden,
καθῶνται (κάθωνται they may sit on the ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ σῷ. but in yours.
in the text). rocks.
Παρὰ τίνος ἦλθεν ὁ From whom did the
σκυτεύς; shoemaker come?

The experienced Ὁ ἔμπειρος This boy has eaten Οὖτος ὁ παῖς
shoemaker. σκυτεύς. many cherries. ἐδήδοκε πολλὰ
143
κεράσια.
How many Πόσοι σκυτεῖς εἰσιν He will not eat so Οὐκ ἔδεται τοσαῦτα
shoemakers are ἐν τῇ κόμῃ; many cherries as κεράσια ὅσα σῦκα.
there in the village? figs.
Not so many Οὐ τοσοὖτοι The king of this Ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς
shoemakers as σκυτεῖς ὅσοι ἰατροί. country dwells near χώρας ταύτης οἰκεῖ
physicians. the sea. πλησίον τῆς
θαλάσσης.
The father sends his Ὁ πατὴρ τὸν υἱὸν As long as the king Ἕως ὁ βασιλεὺς
son to (πρός, παρά) πέμπει πρὸς τὸν was sober-minded σώφρων ἦν,
the shoemaker. σκυτέα. he was happy. μακάριος ἦν.
The shoemakers live Οἱ σκυτεῖς οἰκοῦσι The wicked (κακοί) Οἱ κακοὶ διώκουσιν
(οἰκοῦσι) near the πλησίον τοῦ pursue one another, ἀλλήλους, ἵνα
river. ποταμοῦ. that they may harm ἀλλήλους
each other. βλάπτωσιν.
The parents of the Οἱ τοῦ σκυτέως God is a good and Ὁ θεὸς ἀγαθὸς και
shoemaker live in γονεῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐν great king. μέγας βασιλεύς.
the village. τῇ κώμῃ.
The horseman sits Ὁ ἱππεὺς κάθηται There is no king Οὐκ ἔστι βασιλεὺς
on his (the) horse. ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου. except God. πλὴν θεοῦ.
The horseman came Ὁ ἱππεὺς ἦλθεν ὡς God is one. Μόνος θεός. [Post-
as a messenger from ἄγγελος παρὰ τοῦ recording
the king. βασιλέως. correction: Should
be Ὁ θεὸς εἷς ἐστιν.]
144
SIXTY-SIXTH LESSON
268. Exercises
(a) εἰ with the Indicative implying that the case is as supposed.
εἰ ἥξει ὁ νεανίας, ἔσται ἵνα κεράσια ἐσθίῃ. If the young man shall come, it will be in
order that he may eat cherries.
εἰ ᾄδουσιν οἱ ὄρνιθες, ἡμεῖς ἀεὶ ἀκούομεν. If the birds sing, we always hear.
εἰ βροντὴν ἀκούσομαι, καὶ (also) ὄψομαι If I shall hear the thunder, also I shall see
τὴν ἀστραπήν. the lightning.
εἰ καὶ μέλαιναι αἱ νεφέλαι, ὅμως λάμπει δι’ Although the clouds are black, yet the
αὐτῶν ἡ ἀστραπή. lightning shines through them.
εἰ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἔγραψας, καὶ ἔπεμψας If you wrote the letter, you also sent it.
αὐτήν.
εἰ σῦκα εὑρήσει ὁ παῖς, πάντα ἔδεται. If the boy shall find figs, he will eat them
all.
εἰ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρῶμεν, ἀκούομεν τοῖς If we see with our eyes, we hear with our
ὠσίν. ears.
εἰ μὴ λάμψει ὁ ἥλιος, οὐδὲν ὀψόμεθα. If the sun shall not shine, we shall see
nothing.
εἴ τις ταῦτα εἴρηκε, μάλα σοφός ἐστιν. If someone has said these things, he is very
wise.
μακάριος ἔσῃ, εἰ μηδένα νόμον παραβήσῃ. You will be happy, if you shall transgress
no law.
εἰ ἦληε χθὲς ὁ ξένος, ἥξει καὶ αὔριον πάλιν. If the stranger came yesterday, he will also
come back again tomorrow.
(b) εἰ-αν with past tenses of the Indicative implying that the case is not as supposed.
εἰ παρῆν, ἑώρων ἂν τόν λέοντα. If I were present, I should see the lion.
ὁ λίθος, εἰ ἐν πυρὶ ἔκειτο, οὐκ ἂν ἔλαμπεν. The stone, if it were lying in a fire, would
not shine.
εἰ τὴν γέφυραν διέβη ὁ ἱππεύς, οὐκ ἂν εἰς If the horseman had crossed the bridge, he
τὸν ποταμὸν ἔπεσεν. would not have fallen into the river.
τίς οὐκ ἂν ἐγέλασεν, εἰ ὁ σκίουρος τὸν Who would not have laughed, if the
παῖδα ἔδακεν; squirrel had bitten the boy?
τίς οὐκ ἂν ἐγέλα, εἰ τοῦτον τὸν ταὼν ἑώρα; Who would not laugh, if he were seeing
this peacock?
εἰ ἑσπέρα ἦν, ἡμεῖς ἂν ἐν τῇ στοᾷ If it were evening, we should be sitting in
ἐκαθήμεθα. the porch.
εἰ μέχρι τῆς ἑσπέρας ἔμεινας, ἔλαμψεν ἂν ἡ If you had stayed until evening, the moon
σελήνη. would have shined.
(c) ἐάν, ἤν, ἄν with Subjunctive implying doubt, etc.

ἂν αὔριον παρῇς, τὸν λέοντα ὄψῃ. If tomorrow you be present, you will see
the lion.
145
ἐὰν πέσῃ ἡ χιών, οὐ πολὺν χρόνον κείσεται If the snow fall, it will not lie for much
ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. time on the ground.
ἐὰν παρὰ τὴν νύκτα ᾄδωσιν αἱ ἀηδόνες, If the nightingales sing during the night, we
ἀκουσόμεθα ἡμεῖς. shall hear.
ἢν ἔλθῃ ἡ κόρη εἰς τὸν κῆπον, ῥόδα καὶ ἴα If the maiden come into the garden, she
συλλέξει. will collect roses and violets.
ἂν λάμπωσιν οἱ ἀστέρες διὰ τῶν νεφελῶν, If the stars shine through the clouds, the
ἡ νὺξ καλὴ ἔσται. night will be beautiful.
κἂν (even if καὶ ἂν) τὰ θηρία τὸν θηρευτὴν Even if the wild beasts see the huntsman,
ὄψεται, ὅμως οὐ φεύξεται. [Shouldn’t this nevertheless they will not flee.
be ἴδῃ rather than ὄψεται?]
ὦ νεανία, ἂν ἄνθρωπον ζητῇς, ἄνθρωπον Young man, if you seek a man, you shall
καὶ εὑρήσεις. also find a man.
ὦ παῖ, ἂν σώφρων ᾖς, καὶ ἔσῃ μακάριος. Boy, if you be sober-minded, you will also
be happy.
οὐδ’ ἂν (not even if) πάνυ πλούσιος ᾖς, Not even if you be quite rich will you be
ἄνευ ἀρετῆς εὐδαίμων ἔσῃ. prosperous without virtue.

If these things are Εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει, If the orator were Εἰ ὁ ῥήτωρ κατὰ
so, the man is wise. ὁ ἀνὴρ σοφός ἐστιν. speaking against my τῶν γονέων μου
parents, I should not ἔλεγεν, οὐκ ἂν
hear him. αὐτοῦ ἤκουον.
If these things were Εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως If the teacher speak Ἐὰν ὁ διδάσκαλος
so (οὕτως εἶχεν) the εἶχεν, πάνυ μακαρία concerning virtue λέξῃ περὶ ἀρετῆς
woman would be ἂν ἦν ἡ γυνή. and wisdom, I shall καὶ σοφίας,
altogether happy. be present. παρέσομαι.
If these things be so Ἐὰν ταῦτα οὕτως After these things, Μετὰ ταῦτα, τί λέξει
(οὕτως ἔχῃ) the king ἔχῃ, ὁ βασιλεὺς what will the orator ὁ ῥήτωρ;
will send a ἄγγελον πέμψει say?
messenger to the πρὸς τὸν ἱππέα.
horseman.
The woman is not Ἡ γυνὴ οὐ μακαρία He will say that the Λέξει ὅτι μόνοι οἱ
happy because she ἐστὶν ὅτι καλή, ἀλλ’ rich alone are πλούσιοι μακάριοί
is beautiful, but ὅτι σώφρων ἐστίν. happy. εἰσιν.
because she is
virtuous.
146
Why in the world Τί ποτε εἰσελήλυθε This bad king is rich Οὗτος ὁ κακὸς
has the shoemaker ὁ σκυτεὺς εἰς indeed, but βασιλεὺς πλούσιος
come into this τοῦτον τὸν τόπον; miserable. μέν ἐστιν, ἄθλιος δέ.
place?
That he may collect Ἵνα βίβλους If the horseman Εἰ πλούσιος ἦν ὁ
books and hear the συλλέξῃ καὶ τῶν were rich he would ἱππεύς, οὐκ ἂν
orators. ῥητόρων ἀκούσῃ. not sell his horse. ἐπώλει τὸν ἵππον.
If the orator shall Εἰ ὁ ῥήτωρ λέξει, If those things be so, Ἐὰν ἐκεῖνα οὕτως
speak, I shall hear αὐτοῦ ἀκούσομαι. the boy will laugh. ἔχῃ, ὁ παῖς
him. γελάσεται.
147
SIXTY-SEVENTH LESSON
273. Exercises
Ὅτε εἰς τὴν πόλιν When I came into Ὁ ὄφις κόνιν ἐσθίει. The serpent eats
ἦλθον, εἶδον τὸν the city, I saw the dust.
βασιλέα. king.
Ἐπειδὰν εἰς τὴν When we shall have Ἕως οὗτος ὁ ὄφις As long as this
πόλιν εἰσέλθωμεν, entered the city, we ἐν τῇ κόνει κείσεται, serpent shall lie in
τόν βασιλέα shall see the king. πάντας κατὰ τοὺς the dust, it will bite
ὀψόμεθα. πόδας δήξεται. everyone in their
feet.
Ἕως ἂν ἡ αἴλουρος So long as the cat Ἕως ἂν λάμπῃ ὁ So long as the sun
ὑπὸ τῇ τραπέζῃ may lie under the ἥλιος, τοσοῦτον may shine, for this
κέηται, οὐδένα table, she shall not χρόνον ἡμεῖς τὰ much time we shall
δήξεται. bite anyone. θηρία διωξόμεθα. pursue the wild
beasts.
Ἐπειδὰν οἱ ἱππεῖς When the horsemen Ἡ αἴλουρος ὑπὸ τὴν The cat has run
τὸν ποταμὸν shall have crossed τράπεζαν under the table.
διαβῶσι, τὴν ὑπὸ τῷ the bridge, they δεδράμηκεν.
λόφῳ πόλιν shall see the city at
ὄψονται. the foot of the hill.
Ἕως ἂν ᾄδωσιν αἱ So long as the Ὅταν λέγωσιν οἱ When the speakers
χελιδόνες, ἡμεῖς swallows may sing, ῥήτορες, τότε shall speak, then we
αὐτοῦ (here) we shall remain ἀκουσόμεθα. shall hear.
μενοῦμεν. here.
Ἕως ὁ ὄφις ἐν τῇ As long as the Ὦ νεανία, ἕως ἂν Young man, so long
πόᾳ ἔκειτο, πάντας serpent was lying in σώφρων ῇς, ὁ θεὸς as you may be wise,
ἔδακνεν. the grass, it was ἵλεως ἔσται σοι. God will be
biting everyone. propitious to you.
Ὁ σκολιὸς ὄφις ὑπὸ The crooked serpent
τῷ λίθῳ κεῖται. lies under the stone.

The city. Ἡ πόλις. The serpent has Ὁ ὄφις ἰὸν ἔχει ὑπὸ
poison under his τῆς γλώσσης.
tongue.
148
The great city. Ἡ μεγάλη πόλις. The tongue of the Ἡ τοῦ ὄφεως
serpent has not so γλῶσσα οὐκ ἔχει
much poison as that τοσοῦτον ἰὸν ὅσον ἡ
of the flatterer. τοῦ κόλακος.
The great city lies Ἡ μεγάλη πόλις ὑπὸ The poison of the Ὁ ἰὸς τοῦ ὄφεως
under the hill. τῷ λόφῳ κεῖται. serpent lies in his κεῖται ἐν τῇ
tongue, but that (ὁ γλώσσῃ, ὁ δὲ τοῦ
δέ) of the flatterer in κόλακος ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ.
his soul.
It lies in the midst of Κεῖται ἐν μέσῳ τῷ If the serpent lies in Εἰ ὁ ὄφις κεῖται ἐν
the plain. πεδίῳ. the grass, he bites. τῇ πόᾳ, δάκνει.
The city is ten stadia Ἡ πόλις δέκα When the boy shall Ὅταν ὁ παῖς ἴδῃ τὸν
distant from the σταδίους ἀπἔχει τοῦ have seen the ὄφιν, φεύξεται.
river. ποταμοῦ. serpent, he will flee.
The squirrel is Ὁ σκίουρος τρέχει As long as the Ἕως ἂν ὁ μαθητὴς
running under the ὑπὸ τὴν τράπεζαν. scholar may have χρήματα ἔχῃ,
table. money he will βίβλους συλλέξει.
collect books.
The large rock lies Ἡ μεγάλη πέτρα The shepherd will Ὁ ποιμὴν μενεῖ ἕως
at the foot of the ὑπὸ τῷ δένδρῳ stay until he shall ἂν ἴδῃ τὸν λύκον.
tree. κεῖται. have seen the wolf.
The serpent lies in Ὁ ὄφις κεῖται ἐν τῇ
the grass, or in the πόᾳ, ἢ ἐν τῇ κόνει, ἢ
dust, or under a ὑπὸ λίθῳ.
stone.
149
SIXTY-EIGHTH LESSON
281. Exercises
Χαίρω. I rejoice. Ὅσα ἂν ξύλα ὁρᾷ ὁ Whatsoever wood
τεχνίτης, ταῦτα the artisan may see,
τεμεῖ τε καὶ σχίσει. this he will both cut
and split.
Οὐ μόνον ἐγώ, ἀλλὰ Not only I, but Ἴωμεν. Let us go.
καὶ πάντες indeed all rejoice.
χαίρουσιν.
Ὁ ἀγαθὸς τοῖς The good rejoices in Τρέχωμεν. Let us run.
ἀγαθοῖς χαίρει. the good.
Ὁ μὲν ἀγαθὸς τοῖς The good to be sure Μὴ ταῦτα τὰ δένδρα Let no one split
ἀγαθοῖς χαίρει, ὁ δὲ rejoice in the good, σχίσῃ τῷ πελέκει. these trees with his
κακὸς τοῖς κακοῖς. but the bad in the axe.
bad.
Εἰ σώφρων ἦν ὁ If the son were Μηδεὶς μήποτε Let no one ever say
υἱός, σφόδρα ἂν sober-minded, his μηδὲν κακὸν λέξῃ. anything bad.
ἔχαιρεν ὁ πατήρ. father would
exceedingly rejoice.
Ὦ νεανία, μήποτε Young man, never Τίς ἐστιν ὁ ξένος; Who is the stranger?
μηδενὶ κακῷ χαρῇς rejoice in anything
(the text has χάρῃς). evil.
Ὅστις τῷ κακῷ Whoever rejoices in Ἐρωτῶ σε ὅστις I am asking you
χαίρει, ἄθλιός ἐστιν. the bad is wretched. ἐστὶν ὁ ξένος. who the stranger is.
Τί ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ἔχεις; What do you have Ἐρωτᾷ ὁ παῖς ὅπου The boy is asking
in your hand? οἰκεῖ ὁ πλούσιος where the rich
ἔμπορος. merchant lives.
Πέλεκυν ἔχω. I have an axe. Πότε ἦλθες; When did you
come?
Ὁ ἐργάτης τέμνει The workman cuts Μὴ λέξῃς ὁπότε Do not say when
ξύλα τῷ πελέκει. wood with his axe. ἦλθες. you came.
Τῷ μὲν πελέκει He will indeed cut Διὰ ταῦτα οὐκ For this reason I did
ξύλα τεμεῖ, τῷ δὲ wood with his axe, ἔταμον τὸ δένδρον, not cut the tree,
σφηνὶ σχίσει. but he will split (it) ὅτι οὐδένα εἶχον because I had no
with his wedge. πέλεκυν. axe.
150
Let me see the axe. Ἴδω τὸν πέλεκυν. Do not split wood Μὴ ξύλα σχίσῃς
with this axe. τούτῳ τῷ πελέκει.
Let us always Διώκωμεν ἀεὶ τὰ Who asks how Τίς ἐρωτᾷ ὁπόσον
pursue just things δίκαια. much milk I drink? γάλα πίνω ἐγώ.
(τὰ δίκαια).
Young man do not Ὦ νεανία, μὴ Nobody asks how Οὐδεὶς ἐρωτᾷ
pursue what is evil διώξῃς τὸ κακόν. many (ὁπόσα) ὁπόσα μῆλα καὶ
(τὸ κακόν). apples and cherries κεράσια ἐδήδοκεν ὁ
the boy has eaten. παῖς.
Never say anything Μηδέποτε μηδὲν If I had an axe I Εἰ πέλεκυν εἶχον
evil. κακὸν λέξῃς. should cut this ἐγώ, ἔτεμνον ἂν
stone. τοῦτον τὸν λίθον.
Whatever you may Ὅσα ἂν λέγῃς, I threw the axe Ἔρριψα τὸν
say, I shall hear. ἀκούσομαι. under the table. πέλεκυν ὑπὸ τὴν
τράπεζαν.
All who shall be Πάντες, ὅσοι ἂν Not under the table, Οὐκ ὑπὸ τὴν
present, will say the πάρωσιν, τὰ αὐτὰ but on to the seat. τράπεζαν, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ
same things. λέξουσιν. τὴν ἕδραν.
Whomsoever the Ὅντινα ἂν ὁρᾷ ὁ On to what seat? Ἐπὶ τίνα ἕδραν;
king may see just, βασιλεὺς δίκαιον,
he loves. φιλεῖ.
For how much has Πόσου τὴν χλαῖναν On to the one in the Ἐπὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ στοᾷ.
the young man sold πεπώληκεν ὁ porch.
his cloak? νεανίας;
For much money. Πολλῶν χρημάτων. The cat lies under Ἡ αἴλουρος κεῖται
the seat. ὑπὸ τῇ ἕδρᾳ.
He will not say for Ὀυ λέξει ὁπόσου. I rejoice in these Χαίρω τούτοις.
how much. things.
Let no one take this Μηδεὶς λάβῃ τοῦτον Who does not Τίς οὐ χαίρει
axe into his (τήν) τὸν πέλεκυν εἰς τὴν rejoice in good ἀγαθοῖς φίλοις;
hand. χεῖρα. friends?
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SIXTY-NINTH LESSON
288. Exercises
Γλυκὺς οἶνος. Sweet wine. Ἡ μὲν ὁδὸς εὐθεῖα, The road to be sure
ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς is straight, but the
σκολιός ἐστιν. river crooked.
Ἡδεῖα φωνή. A sweet voice. Ποῦ τὴν βοῦν Where have you
ἑώρακας; found the cow?
Ἡ τῆς ἀηδοῦς φωνὴ The nightingale’s Ἐν τῇ μεγάλῃ νόμῃ. In the large pasture.
οὐχ οὕτως ἡδεῖά voice is not as sweet
ἐστιν ὡς ἡ σή. as yours.
Ὁ ταχὺς ἵππος. The swift horse. Ἡ λίμνη ἡ ἐν ταύτῃ The lake in this
τῇ χώρᾳ μάλα region is very deep.
βαθεῖά ἐστιν.
Ὁ βραδὺς βοῦς. The slow ox. Αἱ ἀηδόνες ἡδὺ The nightingales
ᾄδουσι πᾶσαν τὴν sing sweetly
νύκτα. throughout the
night.
Ὁ μὲν ἵππος ταχύς, The horse it is true Οἱ ἵπποι ταχέως The horses run
ὁ δὲ βοῦς βραδύς is swift, but the ox τρέχουσιν. swiftly.
ἐστιν. slow.
Ὁ ἀνὴρ ἔχει τὸν The man has his axe Οὐ πρόσθεν τοὺς We did not hear the
πέλεκυν ὀξύν. sharp. ὄρνιθας ἠκούσαμεν, birds before the
πρὶν ἔλαμψεν ἡ ἕως. dawn shone.
Ὁ σὸς πέλεκυς οὐχ Your axe is not as Οὐ σφόδρα χαιρήσω I shall not rejoice
οὕτως ὀξύς ἐστιν ὡς sharp as that of the πρὶν ἂν οἱ φίλοι exceedingly until
ὁ τοῦ ἐργάτου. workman. ἔλθωσιν. my friends shall
have come.
Ποταμὸς βαθύς. A deep river. Οἱ ἱππεῖς τὸν βαθὺν The horsemen will
ποταμὸν cross the deep river.
διαβήσονται.
Ὁ ποταμὸς βαθύς τε The river is both Οἶνος οὐχ οὕτω Wine is not as sweet
καὶ εὐρύς. deep and wide. γλυκύς ἐστιν ὡς as milk or water.
γάλα ἢ ὕδωρ.
Ἡ παρ’ ἡμῖν λίμνη The lake by us is not
οὐχ οὕτω πλατεῖά as broad as that by
152
ἐστιν ὡς ἡ παρ’ you.
ὑμῖν.

Swift horses. Ταχεῖς ἵπποι. A swift horse, a Ἵππος ταχύς,
wide river, and a ποταμὸς εὐρύς, καὶ
straight bridge. εὐθεῖα γέφυρα.
Horses are swift, but Ἵπποι ταχεῖς εἰσι, The cows walk Αἱ βόες βραδέως
oxen slow. βόες βραδεῖς. slowly. βαδίζουσιν.
The horse is not so Ὁ ἵππος οὐχ οὕτω The messenger from Ὁ παρὰ τοῦ
swift as the lion. ταχύς ἐστιν ὡς ὁ the king (ὁ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἄγγελος
λέων. βασ) will cross the τὴν εὐθεῖάν τε καὶ
straight and broad πλατεῖαν γέφυραν
bridge. διαβήσεται.
The birds sing Αἱ ὄρνιθες ἡδὺ I did not see the Οὐ πρόσθεν τὴν
sweetly. ᾄδουσιν. large and beautiful μεγάλην τε καὶ
city until (= before) καλὴν πόλιν εἶδον
I crossed the river. πρὶν τὴν γέφυραν
διέβην.
I hear this Ταύτην τὴν ἀηδόνα You will not see the Οὐ πρότερον τὴν
nightingale with ἡδέως ἀκούω. city until (= before) πόλιν ὄψῃ πρὶν ἂν
pleasure. you shall have come ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον
on to the hill. ἔλθῃς.
I drink sweet milk Ἡδὺ γάλα ἡδέως You speak these Ταῦτα σοφῶς
with pleasure. πίνω. things wisely. λέγεις.
This lake is neither Αὕτη ἡ λίμνη οὔτε If the orator always Εἰ ὁ ῥήτωρ οὕτω
so broad, nor so οὕτω πλατεῖα οὔτε spoke so wisely, I σοφῶς ἀεὶ ἔλεγεν,
deep as the sea. οὕτω βαρεῖά ἐστιν should hear him ἡδέως ἤκουον ἂν
ὡς ἡ θάλαττα. with pleasure. αὐτόν.
The man has his axe Ὁ ἀνὴρ τὸν πέλεκυν Let no one ever say Μηδέποτε μηδεὶς
sharp. ὀξὺν ἔχει. that the wicked (οἱ λέξῃ ὅτι οἱ κακοὶ
κακοί) are happy. μακάριοί εἰσιν.
153
SEVENTIETH LESSON
293. Exercises
Ἡ βοῦς καὶ ἡ The cow and the Κόρακα τούτου I have never seen a
πόρτις. heifer. μελάντερον raven blacker than
οὐδεπώποτε this one.
ἑώρακα.
Ἡ πόρτις πλησίον The heifer is near Ὁ μὲν κόραξ μέλας, The raven to be sure
ἐστὶ τῆς βοός. the cow. ὁ δὲ κόλαξ ἔτι is black, but the
μελάντερος. flatterer still
blacker.
Αἱ βόες σὺν ταῖς The cows with their Ὁ θεὸς εὐνούστερος God is friendlier to
πόρτισιν ἐν τῇ heifers lie in the τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἐστιν, ἢ the good than to the
γωνίᾳ κεῖνται τῆς corner of the τοῖς κακοῖς. bad.
νομῆς. pasture.
Ἡ πόρτις μικροτέρα The heifer is smaller Εὐδαιμονέστερος εἶ You are more
ἐστὶ τῆς βοός. than the cow. νῦν, ἢ ὅτε μάλα prosperous now
πλούιος ἦς. than when you were
very rich.
Γάλα γλυκύτερόν Milk is sweeter than Ὁ ἐμὸς πέλεκυς My axe is sharper
ἐστι τοῦ οἴνου. wine. ὀξύτερός ἐστι τοῦ than yours.
σοῦ.
Γάλα μὲν γλυκύ, Milk indeed is Εἰ σωφρονέστερος If the young man
γλυκύτερον δὲ μέλι. sweet, and honey ἦν ὁ νεανίας, were more sober-
sweeter. μακαριώτερος ἂν minded, he would
ἦν. be happier.
Τὸ μὲν μέλι γλυκύ, Honey to be sure is Μηδεὶς λέξῃ ὅτι ὁ Let no one say that
γλυκύτερον δὲ ἡ sweet, but wisdom ἄδικος the unjust is happier
σοφία. is sweeter. εὐδαιμονέστερος than the just.
τοῦ δικαίου.
Οὐδὲν γλυκύτερόν Nothing is sweeter
ἐστιν ἀρετῆς. than virtue.

A high tree. Ὑψηλὸν δένδρον. The river is more Ὁ ποταμὸς
winding than the σκολιώτερός ἐστι
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road. τῆς ὁδοῦ.
A higher hill. Ὑψηλότερος λόφος. The stars are Οἱ ἀστέρες
brighter than the λαμπρότεροί εἰσι
moon. τῆς σελήνης.
The highest houses. Αἱ ὑψηλόταται I have never seen Oὐδεπώποτε τοὺς
οἰκίαι. the stars brighter ἀστέρας ἑώρακα
than now. λαμπροτέρους ἢ
νῦν.
A small calf. Μικρὸς πόρτις. The ether is higher Ὁ αἰθὴρ
than the atmosphere. ὑψηλότερός ἐστι
τοῦ ἀέρος.
The calf is smaller Ὁ πόρτις The good are Ὁι ἀγαθοὶ
than the cow. μικρότερός ἐστι τῆς happier than the μακαριώτεροί εἰσιν
βοός. bad. τῶν κακῶν.
The horse is swifter Ὁ ἵππος θάττων ἐστὶ If the old man were Εἰ σοφώτερος ἦν ὁ
than the cow. τῆς βοός. (θάττων is wiser, he would be γέρων,
not given until the happier. μακαριώτερος ἂν
next lesson.) ἦν.
The ox is neither so Ὁ βοῦς οὔτε οὕτω The tongue of the Ἡ γλῶττα τοῦ
beautiful nor so καλὸς οὔτε οὕτω serpent is black. ὄφεως μέλαινα
swift as the horse. ταχύς ἐστι ὡς ὁ ἐστίν.
ἵππος.
A man is slower Ἄνθρωπος The tongue of the Ἡ τοῦ κόλακος
than a horse. βραδύτερός ἐστι flatterer is blacker γλῶττα μελαντέρα
ἵππου. than that of the ἐστὶ τῆς τοῦ ὄφεως.
serpent.
The road into the Ἡ εἰς τὴν πόλιν
city (ἡ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὁδὸς μακροτέρα τε
ὁδός) is longer and καὶ σκολιωτέρα ἐστὶ
more crooked than τῆς διὰ τοῦ πεδίου.
that through (τῆς
διὰ) the plain.
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SEVENTY-FIRST LESSON
300. Exercises
Ἡδεῖα φωνή. A pleasant voice. Οὐδὲν τῆς σοφίας Nothing is better
ἄμεινον. than wisdom.
Ἡ μὲν χελιδόνος The swallow’s voice Γλυκὺ μὲν τὸ μέλι, Sweet indeed is
φωνὴ ἡδεῖά ἐστιν, ἡ indeed is sweet, but γλυκύτερον δὲ ἡ honey, sweeter
δὲ τῆς ἀηδοῦς ἔτι that of the σοφία, πάντων δὲ wisdom, but of all
πολλῷ ἡδίων. nightingale much γλυκύτατον ἡ things virtue is the
still. ἀρετή. sweetest.
Τὸ ῥόδον κάλλιστόν The rose is most Ὅσῳ βελτίων ἔσῃ, To the degree you
ἐστιν. beautiful. τοσούτῳ ἔσῃ will be a better
μακαριώτερος. person, by that
much you will be
happier.
Ἐδήδοκα πλείω I have eaten more Οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι The men of today
κεράσια ἢ σῦκα. cherries than figs. χείρους εἰσὶ τῶν are worse than those
πάλαι. of yesterday.
Ὁ μαθητὴς The scholar has Οὗτος ὁ λόφος This hill is the
συνείλοχε (has collected far more ὑψηλότατός ἐστιν. highest.
collected) πολλῷ books than the
πλείους βίβλους ἢ ὁ teacher.
διδάσκαλος.
Πότερα καλλίω Which are more Οὐδὲν μελάντερόν There is nothing
ἐστί, τὰ ἐν τῷ beautiful, the roses ἐστι τῆς τοῦ ἀδίκου blacker than the soul
ὑμετέρῳ κήπῳ in your garden, or ψυχῆς. of the unjust.
ῥόδα, ἢ τὰ ἐν τῷ those in ours?
ἡμετέρῳ;
Τὰ παρ’ ἡμῖν ῥόδα The roses by us are Μικρὸς μὲν ὁ ἀνήρ, The man is small,
πολὺ καλλίω ἐστίν. much more τὸ δὲ μετ’ αὐτοῦ but the child with
beautiful. παιδίον ἔτι πολὺ him still much
μικρότερόν ἐστιν. smaller.
Οὐδὲν γλυκύτερόν Nothing is sweeter Οἶνον μὲν ὀλίγον We have to be sure
ἐστι τοῦ μέλιτος. than honey. ἔχομεν, ἔτι δὲ little wine, but still
ἐλάσσονα χρυσόν. less gold.
156
The son (indeed) is Ὁ μὲν υἱὸς σοφός, ὁ There are fewer men Εἰσὶ ἐλάττους
wise, but the father δὲ πατὴρ ἔτι in the village than in ἄνθρωποι ἐν τῇ
is still wiser. σοφώτερος. the city. κώμῃ ἢ ἐν τῇ πόλει.
The horse is much Ὁ ἵππος πολὺ Those in the (οἱ ἐν Οἱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ
swifter than the ox. θάττων ἐστὶ τοῦ τῇ) village are better κρείττους εἰσὶ τῶν
βοός. (superior) than those ἐν τῇ πόλει.
in the city.
This young man is Οὗτος ὁ νεανίας God is superior to Ὁ θεὸς κρείττων
far better (βελτίων) πολλῷ βελτίων (κρείττων) all kings. πάντων τῶν
than I. ἐστὶν ἐμοῦ. βασιλέων.
The good have Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ φίλους The clouds are Αἱ νεφέλαι
better friends than βελτίονας ἔχουσιν ἢ higher than the hills. ὑψηλότεραί εἰσι τῶν
the bad. οἱ κακοί. λόφων.
Nothing is sweeter Οὐδὲν ἥδιον ἀγαθοῦ The daughter is Ἡ θυγάτηρ μακρῷ
than a good friend. φίλου. much more καλλίων ἐστὶ τῆς
beautiful than her μητρός.
(τῆς) mother.
Whosoever (ὅστις) Ὅστις ἀγαθοὺς The moon is still Ἡ σελήνη ἔτι
has good friends is φίλους ἔχει higher than the ὕψηλοτέρα ἐστὶ τῶν
most happy. μακαριώτατος. clouds. νεφελῶν.
This rose is (the) Τοῦτο τὸ ῥόδον The stars are much Οἱ ἀστέρες πάντων
most beautiful of all πάντων τῶν ἐν τῷ the highest of all. πολὺ ὑψηλότατοι.
those in the garden. κήπῳ κάλλιστόν
ἐστιν.
Even the richest Καὶ ὁ My friend has little Ὁ φίλος μου ὀλίγον
(καὶ ὁ πλουσιώτατος, ἐὰν (μὲν) silver, but less μὲν ἄργυρον ἔχει,
πλουσιώτατος), if he κακὸς ᾖ, ἄθλιος gold. ἐλάττω δὲ χρυσόν.
be bad, will be ἔσται.
miserable.
There are more men Εἰσὶ πλείους
(εἰσὶ πλείους ἄνθρωποι ἐν τῇ
ἄνθρωποι) in the πόλει ἢ ἐν ταῖς
city than (ἤ) in the κώμαις.
villages.
157
SEVENTY-SECOND LESSON
306. Exercises
Ἐγγὺς τῆς πόλεως. Near the city. Σὺ μὲν εὖ λέγεις, ὁ You speak well to
δὲ φίλος σου [ἐτὶ] be sure, and your
ἔτι ἄμεινον, ὁ δὲ friend still better,
ῥήτωρ πάντων but the orator best
ἄριστα. of all.
Τῆς πόλεως We are nearer the Οἱ νεανίαι οὐχ The young men
ἐγγύτερόν ἐσμεν ἢ city than (to) the ἧττον σοφῶς speak not less
τοῦ ποταμοῦ. river. λέγουσι τῶν wisely than the
ῥητόρων. orators.
Ὁ παῖς πολὺ The boy is much Πᾶσι τοῖς ἄλλοις I rejoice less in all
ἐγγυτέρω τῆς ὕλης nearer the forest ἧττον χαίρω, ἢ τοῖς other things than in
ἐστὶν ἡμῶν (than than we. ἀγαθοῖς φίλοις. good friends.
we).
Ὁ ἄγγελος ὡς The messenger Οὐδένα μᾶλλον σοῦ I love no one more
τάχιστα ἦλθεν. came as quickly as φιλῶ. than you.
possible.
Οἱ τοῦ βασιλέως The king’s horses Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τοὺς The good love the
ἵπποι πάντων ran fastest of all. ἀγαθοὺς φιλοῦσι good more than the
τάχιστα ἔδραμον. μᾶλλον ἢ τοὺς bad.
κακούς.
Οἱ θηρευταὶ The hunters went Ὁ ῥήτωρ λόγῳ The orator rejoices
ἐξῆλθον πολὺ forth much sooner χαίρει μᾶλλον ἢ more in speech than
πρότερον ἡμῶν. than we. σοφίᾳ. in wisdom.
Ὁ ῥήτωρ οὐδὲν The orator will Οἱ ὄρνιθες μεῖον ἐν The birds sing less
πρότερον τούτου speak none the τῇ πόλει ᾄδουσιν ἢ in the city then in
λέξει. earlier than this one. ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς. the fields.
Τὸν λέοντα εἴδομεν We saw the lion a Οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς This king is more
ὀλίγον ὕστερον ἢ little after we μείζων ἐστὶν ἢ big than good.
εἰσήλθομεν (a little entered the forest. βελτίων.
after we entered) εἰς
τὴν ὕλην.
Οἱ λέοντες ἔδραμον The lions ran much Ὁ μὲν χαλκὸς Brass indeed is a
πολὺ θᾶττον τῶν more swiftly than κάτοπτρον mirror of the face,
ἵππων. the horses. προσώπου, ὁ δὲ but wine of the
158
οἶνος, νοῦ. mind.
Ὁ γέρων λέγει πολὺ The old man speaks
σοφώτερον τοῦ much more wisely
νεανίου. than the young man.

You run swiftly. Σὺ τρέχεις ταχέως. The horseman came Ὁ ἱππεὺς ἦλθε
before (sooner than) πρότερος ἢ ὁ
the king. βασιλεύς.
The river runs Ὁ ποταμὸς ῥεῖ Nobody will go Οὐδεὶς ἄπεισι
(flows) swiftly. ταχέως. away sooner than I. πρότερον ἢ ἐγώ.
The words of the Οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Before we came Πρότερον ἢ
young man flow νεανίου ῥέουσι (πρότερον ἢ etc.) ἤλθομεν εἰς τὸ
faster than a river. θᾶσσον ποταμοῦ. into the plain we πεδίον, εἴδομεν τὰ
saw the wild beasts. θηρία.
Who is less wise Τίς ἧττον σοφὸς We did not cross the Οὐ πρόσθεν
than I? ἐμοῦ; river until (οὐ διέβημεν τὸν
πρόσθεν-πρίν) the ποταμὸν πρὶν ὁ
king sent us. βασιλεὺς ἡμᾶς
ἔπεμψεν.
Who is less just than Τίς μεῖον δίκαιος My brother errs less Ὁ ἀδελφός μου
the wicked (man)? τοῦ κακοῦ; than I. ἁμαρτάνει ἧττον ἢ
ἐγώ.
The father is far Ὁ πατὴρ πολλῷ Who errs more Τίς ἁμαρτάνει
wiser than his son. σοφώτερός ἐστι τοῦ (πλεῖον, μᾶλλον) πλεῖον τοῦ κλέπτου;
υἱοῦ. than the thief?
The mother is less Ἡ μήτηρ ἧττον The bad are always Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ ἧττον
beautiful than her καλή ἐστι τῆς less happy than the μακάριοί εἰσι τῶν
daughter. θυγατρός. good. ἀγαθῶν.
She is more Καλλίων ἐστὶν ἢ This (man) errs Οὗτος ἁμαρτάνει
beautiful than wise. σοφωτέρα. most (μάλιστα) of μάλιστα πάντων.
all.
The cloak lies Ἡ χλαῖνα τῆς χηλοῦ Copper is less Ὁ χαλκὸς τοῦ
nearer (to) the trunk ἐγγύτερον κεῖται τῆς beautiful than gold ἀργύρου ἧττον
than (to) the table. τραπέζας. or silver. καλός ἐστι τοῦ
χρυσοῦ.
159
160
SEVENTY-THIRD LESSON
310. Exercises
Ἐκείνη ἡ ὕλη That forest was full Ὁ Σωκράτης ἔλεγεν Socrates used to say
θηρίων ἦν πλήρης. of wild beasts. ὅτι εἷς μέγιστος θεός that there is one
ἐστι, καὶ ὅτι ἐκεῖνος greatest god, and
πάντα ὁρᾷ, καὶ that that one sees all
παντ’ ἀκούει. and hears all.
Αἱ περὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα The seas around Οὐδὲν ψευδέστερόν Nothing is falser
θάλασσαι πλήρεις Greece were ἐστιν οἴνου. than wine.
ἦσαν πάλαι τῶν formerly full of
τριηρέων. triremes.
Τῶν Ἑλλήνων Many of the Greeks Οὐδὲν ψευδέστερόν Nothing is falser
πολλοὶ περὶ τὴν dwelled about the ἐστι τῆς τοῦ than the tongue of
θάλασσαν ᾤκουν sea and often were κόλακος γλώσσης. the flatterer.
καὶ πολλάκις εἰς τὰς embarking into their
τριήρεις ἐνέβαινον. triremes.
Ὁ Σωκράτης Socrates was a most Ἡ τοῦ κόλακος The flatterer’s
κράτιστος ἦν powerful γλῶσσα μέλανος ἴου tongue is full of
φιλόσοφος καὶ philosopher and πλήρης ἐστίν. black poison.
ἄνθρωπος most excellent man.
βέλτιστος.
Σωκράτης καὶ Socrates and Plato Τοῦ μὲν ὄφεως ἡ Of the serpent, to be
Πλάτων ἀλλήλους loved one another in γλῶττα πλήρης sure, it is the tongue
ὡς μάλιστα ἐφίλουν. the highest degree. ἐστὶν ἴου, τοῦ δὲ that is full of poison,
κόλακος, ἡ καρδία. of the flatterer, the
heart.
Ὁ μὲν Σωκράτης Socrates was a Οἱ ὄφεις τὸν ἴον ἐν Serpents have their
διδάσκαλος ἦν, ὁ δὲ teacher, Plato a τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν poison in their teeth.
Πλάτων, μαθητής. student. ἔχουσιν.
Πάντων τῶν ἐν Of all the wise men Αἱ νεφέλαι πλήρεις The clouds are full
Ἑλλάδι σοφῶν in Greece, Socrates χιόνος εἰσίν. of snow.
σωφρονέστατος ἦν was the most
Σωκράτης. virtuous.
Οἱ τῶν φιλοσόφων The words of the Διὰ τοῦτο δύο ὦτα For this reason we
λόγοι πολλάκις εἰσὶ philosophers are ἔχομεν, στόμα δὲ ἕν, have two ears but
ψευδεῖς. often false. ἵνα πλείω μὲν one mouth, so that
ἀκούωμεν, ἥττονα we listen more and
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δὲ λέγωμεν. speak less.
Ὁ Πλάτων ἀληθὴς Plato was a true Μετὰ τὸν θεόν, After God, we love
ἦν φιλόσοφος. philosopher. πὰντων μάλιστα most of all our
τοὺς γονέας parents.
φιλοῦμεν.
Πλάτων ἔλεγεν ὅτι Plato used to say
ἡ ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός that the soul is
ἐστιν. immortal.

Socrates was a Ὁ Σωκράτης Ἕλλην The plains of Hellas Τὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος
Greek. ἦν. were many and πεδία πολλὰ καὶ
beautiful. καλὰ ἦν.
Socrates and Plato Ὁ Σωκράτης καὶ ὁ All these things you Πάντα ταῦτα ὡς
were both Greeks. Πλάτων ἦσαν say most truly. ἀληθέστατα λέγεις.
ἀμφότεροι
Ἕλληνες.
Socrates was (the) Ὁ Σωκράτης ὁ These words are not Οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι οὔκ
teacher of Plato. διδάσκαλος false. εἰσι ψευδεῖς.
Πλάτωνος ἦν.
Plato loved Socrates Πλάτων τὸν Your tongue Ἡ μὲν γλῶττα σου
most of all. Σωκράτη μάλιστα (indeed) is true, but ἀληθής ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ
πάντων ἐφίλει. your heart false. καρδία, ψευδής.
Socrates was the Τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὁ The chest is full of Ἡ χηλὸς πλήρης
wisest and best of Σωκράτης black hats and still ἐστὶ μελάνων πίλων
the Greeks. σοφώτατος καὶ blacker cloaks. καὶ ἔτι μελαντέρων
βέλτιστος ἦν. χλαίνων.
The mouth of Τὸ τοῦ Σωκράτους The garden is full of Ὁ κῆπος πλήρης
Socrates was full of στόμα πλῆρες roses. ἐστὶ ῥόδων.
wisdom. σοφίας ἦν.
On the tongue of Ἐπὶ τῆς γλώττης τῆς The pasture has Ἡ νομὴ ἐλάττονας
Plato was honey. τοῦ Πλάτωνος μέλι fewer apple-trees μελέας ἔχει τῶν
ἦν. than cherry-trees. κεράσων.
They say (λέγουσιν) Λέγουσιν ὅτι I love the good Φιλῶ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς
that bees sat on the μέλιτται ἐκάθηντο rather than the bad. μᾶλλον τῶν κακῶν.
tongue of Plato. ἐπὶ τῆς τοῦ
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Πλάτωνος γλώττης.
The Grecian seas Αἱ Ἑλληνικαὶ Does God love the Πότερον φιλεῖ ὁ
were full of θάλατται πλήρεις bad? θεὸς τοὺς κακούς;
triremes. ἦσαν τῶν τριήρων.
There were many Ἦσαν πολλαὶ In no way. Οὐδαμῶς.
triremes about the τριήρεις περὶ τὴν
city. πόλιν.
There were in Ἦσαν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι Not at all. Ἥκιστα.
Greece many πολλαὶ καὶ καλαὶ
beautiful cities. πόλεις.
Hellas was a Ἡ Ἕλλας μικρὰ μὲν
country small χώρα ἦν, καλὴ δέ.
indeed, but
beautiful.
SEVENTY-FOURTH LESSON
316. Exercises
Πάρειμι ἵνα γράφω. I am present that I Διὰ τί δεῦρο ἦλθεν Why did the old
may write. ὁ γέρων; man come hither?
Παρῆν ἵνα I was present that I Ἵνα τὴν βακτηρίαν That he might find
γράφοιμι. might write. εὕροι. his staff.
Δεῦρο ἤλθον ἵνα I came hither that I Ὁ παῖς οὗτος ἦλθεν This boy came that
πρὸς τὴν μητέρα might write to my ἵνα τὸ χρυσοῦν he might find the
γράψαιμι. mother. ποτήριον εὕροι. golden cup.
Ἥξω ἵνα τοῦ I shall come that I Ὁ ἀνὴρ εἰς τὴν ὕλην The man has entered
φιλοσόφου ἀκούω. may hear the εἰσελήλυθεν ἵνα τὸν the forest that he
philosopher. πέλεκυν εὕρῃ. may find his axe.
Οἱ Ἕλληνες πάλαι The Greeks of old Οἱ νεανίαι ἀεὶ The youths always
συνῄεσαν ἵνα used to come ᾄδουσιν ἵνα ἡμεῖς sing that we may
Πλάτωνος ἀκούοιεν. together that they ἀκούωμεν. hear.
might hear Plato.
Σωκράτης ἀεὶ περὶ Socrates was always Εἰ παρῆσαν οἱ φίλοι, If our friends had
ἀρετῆς ἔλεγεν ἵνα speaking about εἰσἤλθομεν ἂν εἰς been present, we
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πάντες ἀκούοιεν. virtue that all might τὴν ὕλην ἵνα τὰς should have entered
be hearing. τῶν ὀρνίθων φωνὰς the forest that we
ἀκούσαιμεν. might hear the
voices of the birds.
Ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον I ascended the hill
ἀνέβην ἵνα τῶν that I might hear the
ὀρνίθων ἀκούσαιμι. birds.

What are you Τί ζητεῖς; Why in the world Τί ποτε ἦλθον οἱ
looking for? did the thieves come κλέπται εἰς ταύτην
into this house? τὴν οἰκίαν;
I am looking for a Κάτοπτρον ζητῶ. That they might find Ἵνα χρυσὸν καὶ
mirror. gold and silver. ἄργυρον εὕροιεν.
The mirror lies on Τὸ κάτοπτρον κεῖται They found more Εὗρον πλείονα
this table. ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς silver than gold. ἄργυρον χρυσοῦ.
τραπέζης.
I was looking for Ἐζήτουν κεράσια. They found less Εὗρον ἐλάττονα
cherries. silver than copper. ἄργυρον χαλκοῦ.
I came into this Ἦλθον εἰς τοῦτον The maiden was Ἡ κόρη ἐκάθητο ἐν
garden that I might τὸν κῆπον ἵνα sitting among (ἐν) τοῖς δένδρεσιν ἵνα
find cherries. κεράσια εὕροιμι. the trees that she τῆς ἀηδοῦς ἀκούοι.
might hear the
nightingale.
I shall come Ἥξω αὔριον ἵνα The stranger took Ὁ ξένος οὔτε τὴν
tomorrow that I may ῥόδον εὕρω. neither my cloak, ἐμὴν χλαῖναν
find a rose. nor yours, but his ἔλαβεν, οὔτε τὴν
own. σήν, ἀλλὰ τὴν
ἐαυτοῦ.
We always come Ἀεὶ ἐρχόμεθα ἵνα Whom do the unjust Τίνας μάλιστα
that we may find μῆλα καὶ σῦκα most injure? βλάπτουσιν οἱ
(εὑρίσκωμεν) apples εὑρίσκωμεν. ἄδικοι;
and figs.
We come that we Ἐρχόμεθα ἵνα Themselves. Ἑαυτούς.
may write letters. ἐπιστολὰς
γράφωμεν.
We came that we Ἤλθομεν ἵνα Their own souls. Τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς.
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might write letters. ἐπιστολὰς
γράψαιμεν.
We used to sit in the Ἐκαθήμεθα ἐν τοῖς
gardens that we κήποις ἵνα τὰς τῶν
might hear the ὀρνίθων φωνὰς
voices of the birds. ἀκούοιμεν.
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SEVENTY-FIFTH LESSON
322. Exercises
Μενῶ παρὰ σοί. I shall stay by you. Εἰ τὸν ὄφιν εἰς τὰς If you should take
χεῖρας λάβοις, δάκοι the serpent into your
ἄν. hands, it would bite.
Παραμενῶ (I shall I shall wait until the Εἰ οἱ κλέπται ταύτῃ If the thieves should
wait) ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ messenger shall τῇ νυκτὶ ἔλθοιεν, come this night,
ἄγγελος. have come. πολλὰ ἂν κλέψαιεν. they would steal
many things.
Ἐν τῇ πόλει I shall sit in the city Εἰ κλέψαι τις τὸν If someone should
καθήσομαι ἕως ἂν until you are πέλεκυν, οὐδεὶς ἂν steal the axe, no one
σὺ παρῇς. present. τάμοι ἢ σχίσειε would cut or split
ξύλα. wood.
Ἐκαθήμην ἐν τῇ I sat in the porch Ὦ νεανία, εἰ μὴ Young man, if you
στοᾷ ἕως τὴν until I saw the δίκαιος ἔσῃ, shall not be just, you
σελήνην εἶδον. moon. οὐδέποτε ἔσῃ will never be happy.
μακάριος.
Ἐκαθήμην ἀεὶ ἐν τῇ I always sat in that Εὶ μὴ ἄδικος ἦν ὁ If the king were not
τόπῳ ἐκείνῳ ἕως place until I might βασιλεύς, πολὺ unjust, he would be
τοὺς ἀστέρας ἴδοιμι. see the stars. μακαριώτερος ἂν much happier.
ἦν.
Οἱ κλέπται, ἐπεὶ The thieves, when Ἂν ἀθάνατος ᾖ ἡ If the soul be
διώκοιεν οἱ ἱππεῖς, the horsemen ψυχή, πάντες πλὴν immortal, all except
ἔφευγον. pursued them, used τῶν κακῶν the evil shall
to flee. χαιρήσονται. rejoice.
Ἐμένομεν καθ’ We stayed each Ἄνευ πόνου οὐδεὶς Without toil no one
ἑκάστην νύκτα ἐν τῇ night in the forest ἂν ἦν μακάριος. would be happy.
ὕλῃ ἕως τῆς until we might hear
ἀηδόνος the nightingale.
ἀκούσαιμεν.
Ὁπότε διώκοιεν οἱ When the shepherds Ὦ παῖ, εἰ σοφὸς Boy, if you should
ποιμένες, ἔφευγον pursued, the wolves εἴης, πάνυ ἂν εἴης be wise, you would
οἱ λύκοι. used to flee. εὐδαίμων. be very happy.
Ὁπότε ἔλθοιεν οἱ When the thieves Ὦ ἄνθρωπε, εἰ μὴ Man, unless you
κλέπται, ἀεὶ πολλὰ came, they always σώφρων εἴης, should be virtuous,
ἔκλεπτον. stole many things. οὐδέποτέ σοι ἵλεως God would never be
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οὐδὲ εὔνους ἂν εἴη propitious or
ὁ θεός. friendly to you.

The cattle flee when Οἱ βόες φεύγουσιν If these things were Εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως
they see the wild ὁπότε τὰ θηρία so, we should all εἶχεν, πάντες ἂν
beasts. ὁρῶσιν. rejoice (πάντες ἂν ἐχαίρομεν.
ἐχαίρομεν).
Whenever the Ὁπότε τὸν λύκον If my daughter were Εἰ μὴ παρῆν ἡ
shepherd saw ἴδοι ὁ ποιμήν, absent, I should θυγάτηρ, ἐπιστολὰς
(might see) the ἐδίωκεν. write letters to her. ἔγραφον ἂν παρὰ
wolf, he pursued αὐτήν.
him.
We always used to Ἐκαθήμεθα ἀεὶ If I should write Εἰ ἐπιστολὰς
sit by the river until παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ letters, I should send γράφοιμι, πέμποιμι
we saw (́ἴδοιμεν) the ἕως ἴδοιμεν τὴν τε them. ἄν.
moon and the stars. σελήνην καὶ τοὺς
ἀστέρας.
Nothing is more Οὐδὲν κάλλιον τῆς If nobody should Εἰ μηδεὶς λέγοι, τίς
beautiful than the σελήνης. speak, who would ἄν ἀκούοι;
moon. hear?
Nothing is brighter Οὐδὲν λαμπρότερον If the body were Εἰ τὸ σῶμα μόνον
than the stars. τῶν ἀστέρων. (ἦν) only a mouth, στόμα ἦν, ποῦ ἂν ἦν
where were the τὰ ὦτα;
ears?
If the orator shall Εἰ ἥξει σήμερον ὁ If the soul is Εἰ ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἡ
come today, I shall ῥήτωρ, αὐτοῦ immortal, who does ψυχή, τίς οὐ χαίρει;
hear him. ἀκούσομαι. not rejoice?
If the philosopher Εἰ λέγοι ὁ If anyone should say Εἴ τις λέξειεν ὅτι ἡ
should speak, I φιλόσοφος, αὐτοῦ that the soul is not ψυχὴ οὐκ ἀθάνατός
should hear him. ἂν ἀκούοιμι. immortal, he would ἐστιν, σφόδρα ἄν
exceedingly err. ἁμάρτοι.
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SEVENTY-SIXTH LESSON
329. Exercises
Οὐδεὶς μακάριος ἂν Nobody can be Ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπεν ὡς The king said that
εἴη ἄνευ ἀρετῆς. happy without τὸν ἄγγελον πέμψοι. he should send the
virtue. messenger.
Οὐδεὶς σοφὸς ἂν εἴη Nobody can be wise Ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν ὅτι The messenger said
ἄνευ πολλοῦ πόνου. without much toil. πάντα τὰ ἐν τῇ πόλει that all the affairs in
εὖ ἂν ἔχοι. the city could be
well.
Εἰ μὴ σώφρων τις If someone should Μηδεὶς ταῦτα λέξῃ. Let nobody say
εἴη, οὐκ ἂν εἴη not be virtuous, God these things.
εὔνους αὐτῷ ὁ θεός. would not be
friendly to him.
Οὐδεὶς ἂν δὶς εἰς Nobody can step Εἰ ἡμῖν παρείη εἷς If we should have
τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν twice into the same σοφός, πάντα ἂν εὖ one wise person
ἐμβαίη. river. [Technically, ἔχοι. present, all would
we’ve had ἀνα-, be well.
δια-, κατα-, παρα-,
but not the
compound
ἐμβαίνω.]
Ὁ πάλαι σοφὸς The wise man of old Ὦ γύναι, λέγοις ἄν. Woman, speak on.
ἔλεγεν ὅτι οὐδεὶς δὶς used to say that
ἂν ἐμβαίη εἰς τὸν nobody can step
αὐτὸν ποταμόν. twice into the same
river.
Τοῖς κακοῖς οὔποτ’ God can never be Ὦ γέρον, ἀεὶ εἴη σοι Old man, may God
ἂν εἴη ἵλεως ὁ θεός. propitious to the ἵλεως ὁ θεός. always be propitious
evil. to you.
Οἱ κακοὶ οὐκ ἂν The bad cannot be Μηδεὶς μηδέποτε Let no one ever say
ἀλλήλοις εὔνοι εἶεν. well-minded to one λέξῃ ὅτι πλείους that there are more
another. εἰσὶ θεοὶ ἑνός (ἢ than one god.
εἷς).
Ὦ παῖ, πολὺ Boy, may you be Οὐδεὶς πώποτε θεὸν No one can ever see
εὐδαιμονέστερος much happier than ἂν ἴδοι. God.
εἴης τοῦ πατρός. your father.
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Τὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας The affairs of our
πόλεως (the affairs city are not in as
of our &c.) οὐχ excellent condition
οὕτω καλῶς ἔχει ὠς as those of yours.
τὰ τῆς ὑμετέρας.

If I were good, I Εἰ ἀγαθὸς ἦν, Let nobody say Μηδεὶς λέξῃ ταῦτα.
should be happy. μακάριος ἂν ἦν. (μηδεὶς λέξῃ) these
things.
If the rich (man) Εἰ ὁ πλούσιος May the maiden be Μακαρία εἴη ἡ
should be good, he ἀγαθὸς εἴη, καὶ happy. κόρη.
would also be μακάριος ἂν εἴη.
happy.
If we should always Εἰ ἀεὶ τὰ αὐτὰ May the daughter be Εὐδαιμονεστέρα εἴη
say the same things λέγοιμεν περὶ τῶν happier than her ἡ θυγάτηρ τῆς
concerning the same αὐτῶν, εὖ ἂν ἔχοι. (τῆς) mother. μητρός.
things, it would be
well.
None can see (ἂν Ουδεὶς ἂν ὁρῷη τὸν The orator said that Ὁ ῥήτωρ εἶπεν ὅτι
ὁρῴη) the sun ἥλιον ἄνευ these words were οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι
without eyes. ὀφθαλμῶν. false. ψευδεῖς εἴησαν.
Nobody can say Ουδεὶς ἂν ταῦτα Plato used to say Πλάτων ἔλεγεν ὅτι ἡ
these things. λέγοι. that the soul is ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός
immortal. ἐστιν.
Who would see (τίς Τίς ἑώρα ἄν πάντα The philosophers Οἱ φιλόσοφοι
ἑώρα ἄν) all these ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ say that the good λέγουσιν ὡς οἱ
things, unless he ὀφθαλμοὺς εἶχεν. can never be ἀγαθοὶ οὐδέποτ’ ἂν
had eyes? wretched. ἄθλιοι εἶεν.
How would they Πῶς ἀκούοιεν ἄν The river was more Ὁ ποταμὸς
hear all these words, πάντας τούτους τοὺς deep than wide. βαθύτερος ἦν ἢ
if they should not λόγους, εἰ μὴ ἔχοιεν εὐρύτερος.
have (εἰ μὴ ἔχοιεν) ὦτα.
ears?
169
We hear voices with Φωνὰς ἀκούομεν The men fled Οἱ ἄνδρες ἔφευγον
our (τοῖς) ears. τοῖς ὠσίν. (ἔφευγον) until they ἕως ἦλθον ἐπὶ
came to (upon ἐπί) a ποταμὸν βαθύν.
deep river.
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SEVENTY-SEVENTH LESSON
334. Exercises
Ὦ παῖ, πάντα Boy, may you be Τί ποιεῖ ὁ ἐργάτης; What is the
σώφρων εἴης. virtuous in all workman making?
things.
Ὅστις τοιοῦτος εἴη Whoever should be Σφύρας καὶ σφαίρας He is making
οἷος σύ, μακάριος such as you, would ποιεῖ. hammers and balls.
ἂν εἴη. be happy.
Οὐδὲν ἥδιόν ἐστι Nothing is sweeter Εἰ ἐγὼ ταῦτα If I had made these
τῆς ἀρετῆς. than virtue. ἐποίησα, ὡς things, I would have
μάλιστα ἂν erred in the highest
ἥμαρτον. degree.
Εἰ ὁ παῖς τὸν πατέρα If the son should Τίς τοσούτου δώρου Who is worthy of
φιλοίη, καὶ ἐκεῖνον love his father, also ἄξιός ἐστιν; such a gift?
φιλοίη ἂν ὁ πατήρ. his father would
love him.
Εἰ λάμποι ὁ ἥλιος, If the sun should Ὁ ἀγαθὸς ῥήτωρ The good orator is
πάντα ἂν ἡμῖν shine, it would show τούτων, καὶ ἔτι worthy of these and
δηλοίη. us all things. μειζόνων δώρων of still greater gifts.
ἄξιός ἐστιν.
Ὅντινα κακὸν εὕροι Whomever the king Ἡ ἐμὴ οἰκία οὐ My house is not
ὁ βασιλεύς, ἔπαιεν might find wicked, τοσούτου ἀργυρίου worth so much
ἄν. he would strike him. ἀξία ἐστὶν ὡς ἡ τοῦ money as that of the
ἐμπόρου. merchant.
Ὅντινα ἀγαθὸν Whatever young Ἡ τούτου οἰκία ἔτι This one’s house is
νεανίαν ἴδοι man Socrates might ἐλάττονος ἀξία ἐστὶ worth still less than
Σωκράτης, τοῦτον see good, he would τῆς ἐμῆς. mine.
πάνυ ἐφίλει. love him very much.
Τούτους τοὺς These words you Ἡ κόρη πολλὰς The maiden has
λόγους ἀληθεῖς speak true. πλείστου ἀξίας many exceedingly
λέγεις. δωρεὰς ἐν ταῖς valuable gifts in her
χερσὶν ἔχει. hands.
Ὦ ξένε, εἰ ταῦτα Stranger, if you do
ποιεῖς, ἁμαρτάνεις. these things, you
err.
171
Who is worthy? Τίς ἄξιος; It is worth much Πολλοῦ χρυσοῦ
gold. ἀξία ἐστίν.
Nobody is worthy of Οὐδεὶς ἄξιός ἐστι If I should sell this Εἰ τοῦτο τὸ
these gifts. τούτων τῶν δώρων. cup, I should sell it ποτήριον
for a great price. πωλήσαιμι, μεγάλης
τιμῆς πωλήσαιμι ἄν.
This gift is not so Τοῦτο τὸ δῶρον οὐχ None but a good Οὐδεὶς πλὴν ἀγαθοῦ
great as that. οὕτω μέγα ἐστὶν ὡς man can be happy. μακάριος ἂν εἴη.
ἐκεῖνο.
The gifts which the Αἱ δωρεαὶ ἅς ἔχει ὁ If I should do this, I Εἰ τοῦτο ποιήσαιμι,
orator has are ῥήτωρ μείζους ἐστὶ should not err. οὐχ ἁμάρτοιμι ἄν.
greater than mine. τῶν ἐμῶν.
The boy loves his Ὁ παῖς φιλεῖ τὸν Whatever cloak or Ἥντινα χλαῖναν ἢ
father. πατέρα. hat the thief might ὅντινα πῖλον ἴδοι ὁ
see, he would steal κλέπτης, ἔκλεπτεν.
it.
If this young man Εἰ οὗτος ὁ νεανίας He has come that he Ἥκει ἵνα κλέψῃ.
should love virtue, τὴν ἀρετὴν φιλοίη, may steal.
he would be happy. μακάριος ἂν εἴη.
If the moon should Εἰ λάμποι ἡ σελήνη, He came by night Ἦλθε νυκτὸς ἵνα
shine, she would πάντα ἂν δηλοίη. that he might steal. κλέψειεν.
show all things.
Wine shows the Ὁ οἶνος τὸν Thieves frequently Κλέπται πολλάκις
mind of man. ἀνθρώπου νοῦν steal by night. τῆς νυκτὸς
δηλοῖ. κλέπτουσιν.
How much money is Πόσων χρημάτων
the cloak worth? ἀξία ἐστὶν ἡ χλαῖνα;
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SEVENTY-EIGHTH LESSON
339. Exercises
Ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν These things might Τί ποτε ἧψεν ὁ Why in the world
γένοιτο. not happen. = These φιλόσοφος τὸν did the philospher
things cannot, shall λύχνον; light the lamp?
not happen.
Ὁ θάνατος οὔποτε Death can never be Ἵνα ἄνθρωπον That he might find a
ἂν ζωῇ γένοιτο like life. εὕροι. man.
ὅμοιος.
Ὁ Πλάτων λέγει ὅτι Plato says that death Πότερον ἄνθρωπον Did he find a man,
ὁ θάνατος ἐκ ζωῆς springs out of life εὗρεν, ἢ οὔ; or not?
γίγνεται (becomes, and out of death life.
springs) καὶ ἐκ
θανάτου ἡ ζωή.
Ὁ ὕπνος ἀδελφός Sleep is the brother Οὐδὲ ἕνα εὗρεν. He found not even
ἐστι τοῦ θανάτου. of death. one.
Οὐδὲν ὁ κακὸς τῷ The wicked can be Ὦ θυγάτερ μὴ Daughter, do not
ἀγαθῷ γένοιτ’ ἂν like the good in τοῦτον τὸν λύχνον light this lamp.
ὅμοιος. nothing. ἅψῃς.
Ὦ παῖ, μηδέποτε Boy, never become Εἰ ἑσπέρα γένοιτο, If it should become
μηδὲν τοῖς κακοῖς like the wicked in εὐθὺς (immediately) evening, we would
γένῃ (become) anything. τὸν λύχνον ἂν immediately light
ὅμοιος. ἅψαιμεν. the lamp.
Οὐδ’ εἰ πλούσιος Not even if the Ὅτε ἥξει ἡ νύξ, When night shall
γένοιτο ὁ κακός, διὰ wicked should τοὺς λύχνους have come, we shall
τοῦτο μακάριος ἂν become rich, would ἅψομεν. light our lamps.
εἴη. he for this reason be
happy.
Ἡ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ψυχὴ The soul of the good Τὸ μὲν σῶμα The body to be sure
οὐδὲν τῇ τοῦ κακοῦ is like that of the θνητόν, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ is mortal, but the
ὁμοία. wicked in nothing. ἀθάνατος. soul immortal.
Ὦ νεανία, ἐὰν Young man, if you Τὰ τῆς πόλεως τείχη The walls of the city
σώφρων καὶ σοφὸς shall have become ὑψηλά ἐστιν. are high.
γένῃ, ὁ θεός σοι prudent and wise,
εὔνους ἔσται. God will be friendly
to you.
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Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἄνδρες Good men in many Τὸ ῥόδον κάλλιστόν The rose is a most
πολλὰ ὅμοιοί εἰσι things are like God. ἐστιν ἄνθος. beautiful flower.
τῷ θεῷ.
Ἡ κόρη λύχνον The maiden lighted Ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι πολλά In the mountains
ἧψεν. a lamp. ἐστι καλὰ ἄνθη. there are many
beautiful flowers.
Φιλόσοφός τις A certain Λέγουσιν ὅτι They say that bees
λύχνον ἡμέρας ἧψε, philosopher lighted μέλισσαι ἐπὶ τῶν used to sit on
καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι a lamp by day, and Πλάτωνος χειλῶν Plato’s lips.
ἄνθρωπον ζητοίη. said that he was ἐκάθηντο.
seeking a man.

The walls of the Τὰ τῆς πόλεως The sun is the eye of Ὁ ἥλιος ὀφθαλμός
city. τείχη. day. ἐστι τῆς ἡμέρας.
The walls of this Τὰ τείχη ταύτης τῆς The soul at least is Ἡ ψυχή γε
city are higher than πόλεως ὑψηλότερά immortal. ἀθάνατος.
those of the one on εἰσι τῶν τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ
(τῶν τῆς ἐπὶ) the ὄρους.
mountain.
The city on the Ἡ πόλις ἡ επὶ τῶν Nothing is mortal Οὐδέν ἐστι θνητὸν
mountains is smaller ὀρῶν μικροτέρα except the body. πλὴν τοῦ σώματος.
than the one in the ἐστὶν ἢ ἡ ἐν τῷ
plain. πεδίῳ.
The horseman went Ὁ ἱππεὺς ἀνέβη ἐπὶ The scholar is Ὁ μαθητὴς τῷ
up on to the walls. τὰ τείχη. similar to the διδασκάλῳ ὅμοιος.
teacher.
The king will Ὁ βασιλεὺς The good are similar Οἰ ἀγαθοὶ ὅμοιοί
descend into the καταβήσεται εἰς τὸ to the gods. εἰσι τοῖς θεοίς.
plain. πεδίον.
The rose is a most Τὸ ῥόδον κάλλιστόν The sleep of the Ἡδύς ἐστιν ὁ ὕπνος
beautiful flower. ἐστιν ἄνθος. laborer is sweet. τοῦ ἐργάτου.
No flower is so Οὐδὲν ἄνθος οὖτω Sleep is similar to Ὁ ὕπνος ὅμοιός ἐστι
beautiful as the rose. καλόν ἐστι ὠς τὸ death. τῷ θανάτῳ.
ῥόδον.
A serpent lies Ὄφις τις κεῖται ἐν If the philosopher Εἰ ὁ φιλόσοφος
among these τούτοις τοῖς should light a lamp, ἅψειε λύχνον,
174
flowers. ἄνθεσιν. he would find a ἄνθρωπον ἂν εὕροι.
man.
I lighted a lamp. Ἥψα λύχνον. If he had lighted a Εἰ λύχνον ἥψεν,
lamp, he would εὕρεν ἂν πολλοὺς
have found many ἀνθρώπους.
men.
The moon is the Ἡ σελήνη λύχνος If he shall search Εἰ ζητήσει μέχρι
lamp of night. ἐστὶ τῆς νυκτός. until evening, he ἑσπέρας, εὑρήσει
will find many πολλά.
things (πολλά).
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SEVENTY-NINTH LESSON
344. Exercises
Ὦ ἄγγελε, λαβὲ Messenger, take this Ἀεὶ τὸ μὲν ἀγαθὸν Always to be sure
ταύτην τὴν letter. φίλει, τὰ δὲ βελτίω love the good, but
ἐπιστολήν. ζήτει. seek the better.
Λαβὲ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν Take the letter that Μηδέποτε μηδὲν Never do nor say
ἥν ἔπεμψε δεῦρο ὁ the king sent hither. κακὸν μήτε anything bad.
βασιλεύς. ποιήσῃς, μήτε
λέξῃς.
Ὦ υἱέ, γράψον Son, write a letter to Ὁ θεὸς πάντας ἀεὶ God always does
ἐπιστολὴν παρὰ τὸν the good stranger. εὖ ποιεῖ. good to all.
ἀγαθὸν ξένον.
Τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Love all men Μηδεὶς λέξῃ ὡς οἱ Let no one say that
πάντας μὲν φίλει, indeed, but ἄδικοι εὐδαίμονές the unjust are
μάλιστα δὲ τοὺς especially the good. εἰσιν. happy.
ἀγαθούς.
Ὦ ξένε, εἴσελθε εἰς Stranger, enter into Ἡ εὐδαιμονία οὐκ Happiness does not
τὴν ἡμετέραν our house. ἐκ πλούτου γίγνεται, spring out of wealth,
οἰκίαν. ἀλλ’ ἐξ ἀρετῆς. but out of virtue.
Ὦ φιλόσοφε, ἀεὶ τὰ O philosopher, Σοφὸς γενοῦ. Become wise.
αὐτὰ λέγε περὶ τῶν always say the same
αὐτῶν. things about the
same things.
Μηδέποτε λέξῃς ὡς Never say that the Ὅς ἂν σώφρων Whoever shall have
ἡ ψυχὴ οὐκ soul is not immortal. γένηται, τοῦτον become virtuous,
ἀθάνατός ἐστιν. πάντες φιλήσουσιν. this one all will
love.
Ὦ ἀδελφή, δεῦρο Sister, come hither, Σχισάτω τις ξύλα. Let someone split
πρόσελθε, ἵνα τὴν that you may see the wood.
σελήνεν ἴδῃς. moon.
Ἁψάτω τις τὸν Let somebody light Τοὺς λύχνους We light the lamps
λύχνον. the lamp. ἅπτομεν ἵνα ὁ μὲν that the boy indeed
παῖς τὴν σφαῖραν, ὁ may seek his ball,
δὲ φιλόσοφος but the philosopher
ἄνθρωπον ζητῇ. a man.
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Ἐπειδὰν γένηται ἡ After it shall have
νύξ, τοὺς λύχνους become night, light
ὡς τάχιστα ἅψατε, the lamps as quickly
καὶ ξύλα ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ as possible, and
ῥίψατε. throw wood on to
the fire.
177
Always be wise. Ἀεὶ σοφὸς ἴσθι. Do good to all Πάντας μὲν εὖ ποίει,
indeed, but μάλιστα δὲ τοὺς
especially to your φίλους.
friends.
Remain with (παρὰ) Μεῖνον παρὰ ἡμῖν, Love your brothers Φίλει τοὺς
us, until the ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ and your sisters. ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τὰς
messenger shall ἄγγελος. ἀδελφάς.
(have) come (ἕως ἂν
ἔλθῃ).
Boy, run quickly Ὦ παῖ, τρέχε ταχέως Love your parents. Φίλει τοὺς γονεῖς.
into the corner of εἰς τὴν γωνίαν τοῦ
the garden. κήπου.
Do not steal Μὴ κλέπτε. Say nothing evil Μηδὲν λέξῃς κακὸν
(habitually). concerning anyone περὶ μηδενός.
(μηδὲν λέξῃς κακὸν
περὶ μηδενός).
Let nobody steal Μηδεὶς κλέψῃ To the good life Τοῖς ἀγαθοὶς ἠδεῖα
(κλέψῃ) this axe. τούτον τὸν πέλεκυν. indeed is sweet, but μὲν ἡ ζωή, ἔτι ἡδίων
death is still δὲ ὁ θάνατος.
sweeter.
O maiden, hear the Ὦ κόρη, ἄκουσον Boy, become in all Ὦ παῖ, πάντα γενοῦ
sweet voices of the τὰς ἡδείας φωνὰς things like your τῷ πατρὶ ὅμοιος.
birds. τῶν ὀρνίθων. father.
Always hear and Ἀεὶ ἄκουε καὶ δίωκε Let the scholar Ὠς ὁμοιότατος
pursue that which is τὸ ἀγαθόν. become as much as γενέσθω τῷ
good. possible like (ὡς διδασκάλῳ ὁ
ὁμοιότατος μαθητής.
γενέσθω) his
teacher.
Never pursue any Μηδέποτε διώξῃς Nothing is sweeter Οὐδὲν ἥδιον ἀγαθοῦ
thing (μηδέποτε μηδὲν κακόν. than a good friend. φίλου.
διώξῃς μηδὲν) evil.
Always do good to Ἀεὶ εὖ ποίει τοὺς
your (τούς) friends. φίλους.
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EIGHTIETH LESSON
351. Exercises
Δεσπόται καὶ Masters and Ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν Our father who is in
οἰκέται. servants. τῷ οὐρανῷ οὐ heaven not only
μόνον τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς does good to the
εὖ ποιεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ good, but also to the
τοὺς κακούς. bad.
Ὁ ἀγαθὸς οἰκέτης The good servant Ἡ ἀρετὴ μόνη Virtue alone is
τὸν δεσπότην τιμᾷ. honors his master. βεβαία ἐστίν. permanent.
Ὁ κύων τὸν The dog loves and Οὐδὲν βέβαιον πλὴν Nothing is
δεσπότην φιλεῖ τε honors his master. ἀρετῆς. permanent except
καὶ τιμᾷ. virtue.
Μηδένα μηδαμῶς In no way do evil to Ἡ ἀρετὴ πηγὴ Virtue is the source
(in no way) κακὸν anyone. εὐδαιμονίας ἐστίν. of happiness.
ποιήσῃς.
Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ The wicked always Τὸν μὲν θεὸν Most of all indeed
ἀλλήλους κακῶς do evil to one μάλιστα τίμα, μετ’ honor God, but after
ποιοῦσιν. another. ἐκεῖνον δέ, τοὺς him the best men.
βελτίστους
ἀνθρώπους.
Ὁ ἄδικος πάντας The unjust man does Γέρων τις παῖδα A certain old man
μὲν κακῶς ποιεῖ, evil to everyone to κακὸν εὗρεν ἔν τινι found a bad boy in
μάλιστα δὲ ἑαυτόν. be sure, but τῶν μηλεῶν. one of the apple
especially to trees.
himself.
Μηδέποτε μηδὲν Never do or say Ὁ παῖς μῆλα The boy was
αἰσχρὸν μήτε anything base. ἔκλεπτεν. stealing apples.
ποιήσῃς μήτε λέξῃς.
Ἀεὶ ποίει καλὰ ἔργα. Always do good Τοῦτο κακὸν ἦν This was a bad
deeds. ἔργον. deed.
Μὴ αἰσχρὰ ἔργα Do not do base Τί εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ What did the old
ποίει. deeds. γέρων; man say to him?
Ἀεὶ τιμᾶτε, ὦ Young men, always Παῖ, εἶπεν, ὡς Boy, he said,
νεανίαι, τοὺς honor the good. τάχιστα (instantly) descend instantly
ἀγαθούς. κατάβηθι ἀπὸ from this tree.
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τούτου τοῦ δένδρου.
Οἱ σώφρονες The virtuous young Πότερα κατέβη ὁ Did the boy
νεανίαι γέροντας ἀεὶ men always honor παῖς, ἢ οὔ; descend, or not?
τιμῶσιν. old men.
Μὴ μόνον τοὺς Not only render Ναί, ὡς τάχιστα Yes, he immediately
ἀγαθοὺς εὖ ποίει, kindness to the κατέβη. descended.
ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς good, but also to the
κακούς. bad.

Boy, light the Ὦ παῖ, ἅψον τοὺς Nothing except Οὐδὲν πλὴν ἀρετῆς
lamps. λύχνους. virtue is honorable καλόν ἐστι καὶ
(καλόν) and βέβαιον.
permanent.
Throw (ῥίψον) a Ῥίψον ξύλον ἐπὶ τὸ Always honor your Ἀεὶ τίμα τὸν τε
stick of wood on to πῦρ. father and mother. πατέρα καὶ τὴν
the fire. μητέρα.
Take the golden cup Λαβὲ τὸ χρυσοῦν Honor the king. Τίμα τὸν βασιλέα.
from the table. ποτήριον ἀπὸ τῆς
τραπέζης.
Where lies the dog? Ποῦ κεῖται ὁ κύων; Love and honor that Φίλει καὶ τίμα τὸ
which is good. ἀγαθόν.
He lies either under Ἢ ὑπὸ τῇ τραπέζῃ Love the good. Φίλει τοὺς ἀγαθούς.
the table, or on the κεῖται, ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς
seat. ἕδρας.
The good dog will Ὁ ἀγαθὸς κύων ἀεὶ Pursue (δίωκε μὲν) Δίωκε μὲν τὸ
always honor his τιμήσει τὸν that which is good, ἀγαθόν, φεύγε δὲ τὸ
master. δεσπότην. shun what is evil. κακόν.
The dog bites the Ὁ κύων τὸν πῶλον Send this letter. Πέμψον ταύτην τὴν
colt with his teeth. δάκνει τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν. ἐπιστολήν.
The base will Οἱ αἰσχροὶ ἀεὶ Do not send the Μὴ πέμψῃς τὴν
always pursue base διώξονται τὰ letter before I come ἐπιστολὴν πρὶν ἂν
things. αἰσχρά. (πρὶν ἂν ἔλθω). ἔλθω.
Young man, neither Ὦ νεανία, μήτε Hunter, collect all Ὦ θηρευτά,
hear (μήτε ἄκουε) ἄκουε μήτε λέγε the wild beasts into σύλλεξον πάντα τὰ
nor speak base
180
words. αἰσχροὺς λόγους. one place. θηρία εἰς ἕνα τόπον.
Do not do base Μὴ ποίει αἰσχρὰ
deeds. ἔργα.
181
EIGHTY-FIRST LESSON
356. Exercises
Ὁ Παρνασσὸς ἦν Parnassus was a Πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι Let all men always
ὑψηλὸν ὄρος ἐν high mountain in ἀεὶ τὸν μόνον θεὸν honor the only God.
Ἑλλάδι. Greece. τιμώντων.
Τὸ ὄρος ὁ Mount Parnassus Τίς οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι ὁ Who does not know
Παρνασσὸς ἦν ἕδρα was the seat of the δίκαιος μεγίστων that the just man is
τῶν Μουσῶν. Muses. δωρεῶν ἄξιός ἐστιν. worthy of the
greatest gifts.
Αἱ ἐννέα Μοῦσαι The nine Muses of Ὁ μέγας διδάσκαλος The great teacher
πάλαι Παρνασσὸν old inhabited εἴρηκεν ὡς ὁ has said that the
ᾤκουν. Parnassus. μαθητὴς οὐ μείζων scholar is not
ἐστὶ τοῦ greater than the
διδασκάλου, οὐδὲ ὁ teacher, nor the
οἰκέτης τοῦ servant than the
δεσπότου. master.
Οἱ Ἕλληνες ἀεὶ The Greeks always Εὖ ἴσθι (know well, Be assured that all
ἐτίμων τὰς Μούσας. honored the Muses. be assured) ὅτι these things are true.
ταῦτα πάντα ἀληθῆ
ἐστιν.
Ὁ πλοῦτος ἄνευ The rich man Ὁ ῥήτωρ λέγει περὶ The orator is
ἀρετῆς οὐδὲν ἔχει without virtue has τῶν πόλεων ὧν σὺ speaking about the
τῆς ἡδονῆς. nothing of pleasure. ἔχεις. cities you have.
Οὐκ ἐκ κακίας Pleasure does not Ὁ βασιλεὺς χαίρει The king rejoices in
γίγνεται ἡ ἡδονή, spring out of evil, αἷς ἔχει πόλεσιν. the cities he has.
ἀλλ’ ἐξ ἀρετῆς. but out of virtue.
Ἡ ἀρετὴ μόνη Virtue alone has a Ἃ ἂν καλὰ ᾖ, ταῦτα Whatever things are
βεβαίαν ἔχει stable pleasure. ἀεὶ ποίει. noble, always do
ἡδονήν. these things.
Τοῦτο πάντες ἴσμεν. We all know this. Τίς πάντων ἑαυτὸν Who of all men
γιγνώσκει; knows himself?
Τίμα τὸν βασιλέα. Honor the king. Ὦ νεανία, γνῶθι Young man, know
σεαυτόν. thyself.
182
Ἕκαστος οἰκέτης Let each servant
τὸν δεσπότην honor his master.
τιμάτω.

I knew these things. ᾜδειν ταῦτα. [I Even (καί) death is Καὶ ὁ θάνατος ἡδύς
don’t see that we’ve sweet to the good ἐστι τῷ ἀγαθῷ.
been given the past (man).
tense of οἶδα.]
Who does not know Τίς οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι ὁ Sleep is the brother Ὁ ὕπνος ἀδελφός
that Socrates was a Σωκράτης μέγας of death. ἐστι τοῦ θανάτου.
great philosopher? φιλόσοφος ἦν;
Who of all (men) Τίς πάντων οὐκ Love your brother. Φίλει τὸν ἀδελφόν.
does not know that οἶδεν ὅτι ἡ τῆς
the pleasure of vice κακίας ἡδονὴ
is short (βραχεῖα)? βραχεῖά ἐστιν;
(We) all know that Πάντες ἴσμεν ὅτι ἡ Honor your parents. Τίμα τοὺς γονεῖς.
virtue is immortal. ἀρετὴ ἀθάνατός
ἐστιν.
The Muses used to Αἱ Μοῦσαι ᾖδον ἐν Always seek what is Ἀεὶ ζήτει τὸ ἀγαθὸν
sing on Parnassus. τῷ Παρνασσῷ. good (τὸ ἀγαθόν) καὶ φεῦγε τὸ κακόν.
and shun evil.
The Muses were Αἱ Μοῦσαι ἦσαν Never say anything Μηδέποτε λέξῃς
nine beautiful ἐννέα καλαὶ κόραι. base. μηδὲν αἰσχρόν.
virgins.
The pleasure of Ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἡδονὴ Nothing is blacker Οὐδὲν μελάντερόν
virtue alone is μόνη ἐστὶ βεβαῖα. than the tongue of ἐστι τῆς τοῦ
permanent. the flatterer. κόλακος γλώττης.
Be assured (εὖ ἴσθι) Εὖ ἴσθι ὅτι ἡ σελήνη Who stole these Τίς ἔκλεψε ταῦτα τὰ
that the Moon is πολὺ μείζων ἐστὶ apples? μῆλα;
much larger than the τῆς γῆς.
Earth.
The Sun is much Ὁ ἥλιος πολλῷ The thief came that Ὁ κλέπτης ἦλθε ἵνα
larger than the μείζων ἐστὶ τῆς he might steal the κλέψειε τὰ σῦκα καὶ
moon. σελήνης. figs and the τὰ κεράσια.
cherries.
183
Nothing is so sweet Οὐδὲν οὕτως ἡδὺ τῷ
to the laborer as ἐργάτῃ ὠς ὁ ὕπνος.
sleep.
184
EIGHT-SECOND LESSON
361. Exercises
Τίς βούλεται λέγειν; Who wishes to Εἰ ὁ δεσπότης If the master had
speak? ἐκέλευσε τὸν commanded his
οἰκέτην ξύλα servant to split
σχίσαι, ἐποίησεν ἄν. wood, he would
have done so.
Οἱ ῥήτορες ἀεὶ The orators always Ἡδύ ἐστι (it is It is pleasant to see
λέγειν φιλοῦσιν. love to speak. pleasant) ὁρᾶν the sun.
[ὁρᾷν] τὸν ἥλιον.
Οἱ παῖδες παίζειν The boys love to Ὁ δίκαιος ἄξιός ἐστι The just is worthy to
φιλοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῷ play at the river. μεγίστας δωρεὰς receive the greatest
ποταμῷ. λαβεῖν. gifts.
Οἱ θηρευταὶ The hunters wish Ὁ μὲν ἄρτος ἡδύ Bread to be sure is
βούλονται πρῶτον first indeed to go ἐστι φαγεῖν, τὸ δὲ sweet to eat, but
μὲν ἐπὶ θήραν forth to the chase, μέλι ἔτι ἥδιον. honey still sweeter.
ἐξιέναι, ὕστερον δὲ but afterward to
τὰς τῶν ὀρνίθων hear the birds’
φωνὰς ἀκούειν. voices.
Ὁ πατὴρ τὴν The father directs Ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ νόμος God’s law
θυγατέρα κελεύει his daughter to light κελεύει πάντας εὖ commands all to do
τὸν λύχνον ἅψαι. the lamp. ποιεῖν. good.
Μὴ βούλου μηδὲν Do not wish to do Οὐδεὶς δύναται τὸν No one is able to
αἰσχρὸν ποιῆσαι. anything shameful. τοῦ θεοῦ ὀφθαλμὸν shun God’s eye.
φυγεῖν.
Ὁ ἀγαθὸς οὐ The good is not able Οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο Nobody was able to
δύναται οὐδένα to do evil to anyone. (was able) ᾄδειν sing more sweetly
κακῶς ποιῆσαι. ἥδιον τῶν Μουσῶν. than the Muses.
185
Who wishes to Τίς βούλεται Who can (δύναται) Τίς δύναται ῥίψαι
write? γράφειν; throw this ball on to ταύτην τὴν σφαῖραν
the roof? ἐπὶ τὴν ὀροφήν;
My daughter wishes Ἡ θυγάτηρ μου What does the father Τί κελεύει ὁ πατὴρ
to write letters. βούλεται ἐπιστολὰς direct the servant to τὸν οἰκέτην
γράφειν. do? ποιῆσαι;
The orators wish to Οἱ ῥήτορες To light a lamp. Λύχνον ἅψαι.
speak. βούλονται λέγειν.
The father directs Ὁ πατὴρ τὸν υἱὸν Water is sweet to Ὕδωρ ἡδύ ἐστι
his son to say these κελεύει τούτους drink. πιεῖν.
words. τοὺς λόγους λέγειν.
God directs all Ὁ θεὸς κελεύει Nothing is sweeter Οὐδὲν ἥδιον πιεῖν
(men) to do good πάντας εὖ ποιεῖν καὶ to drink than water. τοῦ ὕδατος.
and to honor their τιμᾷν τοὺς γονεῖς.
parents.
The thief wishes to Ὁ κλέπτης βούλεται The good man is Ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄξιός ἐστι
steal. κλέπτειν. worthy to receive πολὺν χρυσὸν
much gold. λαβεῖν.
What does he wish Τί βούλεται κλέψαι; Who is more worthy Τίς ἀξιώτερός ἐστιν
to steal? than you to receive ἢ σὺ ταῦτα τὰ δῶρα
these gifts? λαβεῖν;
This golden wedge. Τούτον τὸν χρυσοῦν The bad (man) Ὁ κακὸς οὐ δύναται
σφῆνα. cannot become γενέσθαι ἀγαθός.
good.
Who is able to steal Τίς δύναται κλέψαι Who is willing to be Τίς βούλεται ἄθλιος
this purple cloak? ταύτην τὴν miserable? εἶναι;
πορφυρᾶν χλαῖναν;
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EIGHTY-THIRD LESSON
368. Exercises
Ταῦτα κατὰ δύναμιν I have done these Τίς λέγειν βούλεται; Who wishes to
καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν things according to speak?
πεποίηκα. and even beyond my
ability.
Ὁ ῥήτωρ λέγει ὑπὲρ The orator speaks Οὗτος ὁ ῥήτωρ This orator will
τούτου τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ on behalf of this λέξει ὑπὲρ τοῦ speak on behalf of
ἀνθρώπου. good man. δικαίου. the just man.
Ὁ ἥλιος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν The sun travels over Δεινός ἐστι λέγειν. He is mighty to
πορεύεται. us. speak.
Οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι αἱ Do you not see that Χαλεπὸν μὲν λέγειν, It is hard to speak,
νεφέλαι ὑπὲρ τῶν the clouds lie above χαλεπώτερον δὲ but harder to do.
ὀρῶν κεῖνται; the mountains? ποιεῖν.
Οἱ φίλοι μου ὑπὲρ My friends dwell Οὐ πλούσιος I do not wish to
τῆς θαλάσσης over the sea. βούλομαι γενέσθαι, become rich, but
οἰκοῦσιν. ἀλλὰ σοφός. wise.
Ἐδίωξε μὲν ὁ The hunter to be Νομίζω ταῦτα I think these things
θηρευτὴς τὸ θηρίον sure pursued the ἀληθῆ εἶναι. to be true.
μέχρι τοῦ ποταμοῦ, wild beast up to the
οὐκ ἠδύνατο δὲ river, but he was not
λαβεῖν. able to catch it.
Τὰ τάχιστα θηρία οὐ The swiftest wild Νομίζω τὸν ῥήτορα I think the orator
ῥάδιόν ἐστι λαβεῖν. beasts are not easy πὰντας τοὺς λόγους speaks all the words
to catch. λέγειν ψευδεῖς. false.
Εἰ μὴ ταῦτα τὰ ζῶα If these animals had Νομίζω ὅτι ὡς I think that you err
πολὺ θᾶττον ἔδραμε not run much μάλιστα ἁμαρτάνεις. in the highest
τῶν ἵππων, swifter than the degree.
ἐδυνάμεθα ἂν αὐτὰ horses, we could
λαβεῖν. have caught them.
Ταῦτα τὰ ταχέα I wish indeed to
θηρία βούλομαι μὲν hunt these swift
θηρᾶσαι, οὐ wild beasts, but I
δύναμαι δέ. cannot.
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Throw the ball over Ῥίψον τὴν σφαῖραν It is a task to find Ἔργον ἐστὶν εὑρεῖν
the table. ὑπὲρ τὴν τράπεζαν. God. θεόν.
Throw it over the Ῥίψον αὐτὴν ὑπὲρ It is hard to speak, Χαλεπὸν μὲν λέγειν,
house. τὴν οἰκίαν. but still harder to χαλεπώτερον δὲ
write. γράφειν.
It remains above the Μένει ὑπὲρ τῆς I think that my Νομίζω ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ
house. οἰκίας. father is coming. ἔρχεται.
Do not throw (μὴ Μὴ ῥίψῃς τὸν I think that the Νομίζω τὰς ἀηδόνας
ῥίψῃς) the axe over πέλεκυν ὑπὲρ τὴν nightingales are ᾄδειν.
the house. οἰκίαν. singing.
For whom do you Ὑπὲρ τίνος λέγεις; I direct the young Κελεύω τὸν νεανίαν
speak? man always to be ἀεὶ εἶναι ἀγαθόν.
good.
For the good Ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ The laws direct us Οἱ νόμοι
stranger. ξένου. to honor our (τούς) κελεύουσιν ἡμᾶς
parents. τιμᾷν τοὺς γονεῖς.
The father writes on Ὁ πατὴρ γράφει It is a law always to Νόμος ἐστὶν ἀεὶ εὖ
behalf of his ὑπὲρ τῆς θυγατρός. do good. ποιεῖν.
daughter.
I speak on behalf of Λέγω ὑπὲρ τῆς The moon is not Ἡ σελήνη οὐ μόνον
my own soul. ἐμαυτοῦ ψυχῆς. only above the ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς ἐστίν,
earth, but also above ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ
the atmosphere. ἀέρος.
The good always Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἀεὶ The birds never fly Οἱ ὄρνιθες οὔποτε
speak on behalf of λέγουσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν above the earth. πέτονται ὑπὲρ τῆς
the good. ἀγαθῶν. γῆς.
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EIGHTY-FOURTH LESSON
375. Exercises
Νομίζω τὸν θεὸν I think that God Ὁ θεὸς πάντα God is able to do all
πάντα εἰδέναι. knows all things. δύναται ποιεῖν. things.
Τῶν Ἑλλήνων οἱ Most of the Greeks Οὗτος ὁ νεανίας This young man
πολλοὶ ἐνόμιζον thought the gods νομίζει σοφὸς εἶναι. thinks that he is
τοὺς θεοὺς τὰ μὲν knew some things, wise.
εἰδέναι, τὰ δὲ οὐκ to be sure, but did
εἰδέναι. not know others.
Ὁ Σωκράτης Socrates thought the Νομίζω τὸν βασιλέα I think that the king
ἐνόμιζε τοὺς θεοὺς gods knew all ἥξειν ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ. will come at
πάντα εἰδέναι. things. daybreak.
Πρὶν σοφὸς Before becoming Ἐνομίζομεν τὸν We thought that the
γενέσθαι, πολλάκις wise, I often used to βασιλέα τῇ king should come
ἡμάρτανον. err. ὑστεραίᾳ ἥξειν. on the day after.
Πρὶν τὰς τῶν Before hearing the Ὁ φιλόσοφος λέγει The philosopher
ὀρνίθων φωνὰς birds’ voices, we τὸν ἥλιον says that he has seen
ἀκοῦσαι, departed. ἑωρακέναι. the sun.
ἀπήλθομεν.
Ὥσπερ ἐνόμιζεν, Just as he thought, Οὗτος λέγει τὸν This man says that
οὕτως ἔλεγεν. so did he speak. κλέπτην τὴν χλαῖναν the thief has stolen
κεκλοφέναι. the cloak.
Νομίζω οὐδένα τῶν I think no one of Ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ νόμος God’s law
ἀνθρώπων πάντα men knows all πάντας κελεύει commands all to
εἰδέναι. things. ἀλλήλους φιλεῖν καὶ love and to do good
εὖ ποιεῖν. to one another.
Τίς ἀνθρώπων Who of men thinks Ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχομεν We have eyes so as
νομίζει πάντα he knows all things? ὥστε ὁρᾶν [ὁρᾷν]. to see.
εἰδέναι;
Σωκράτης ἐκέλευε Socrates used to Πόδας ἔχομεν ὥστε We have feet so as
τοὺς φίλους τὰ μὲν direct his friends to τρέχειν, καὶ χεῖρας to run, and hands so
ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ μὴ do some things, and ὥστε πάντα ὅσα ἂν as to do everything
ποιεῖν. not to do other βουλώμεθα ποιεῖν. we wish.
things.
Ὁ θεὸς ἀνθρώπους God commands men Ὀδόντας ἔχομεν We have teeth so as
κελεύει πάντας μὲν to do good to
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ἀεὶ εὖ ποιεῖν, everyone, indeed, ὥστε ἐσθίειν. to eat.
μηδένα δὲ μήποτε and to never do evil
κακῶς ποιῆσαι. to anyone.
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Socrates was a great Ὁ Σωκράτης μέγας I thought that I had Ἐνόμιζον
philosopher. φιλόσοφος ἦν. seen my daughter. ἑωρακέναι τὴν
θυγατέρα.
Socrates used to say Ὁ Σωκράτης ἔλεγεν The merchant thinks Ὁ ἔμπορος νομίζει
that the gods knew ὅτι οἱ θεοὶ πάντα that he is rich. πλούσιος εἶναι.
all things. ἴσασιν.
Who of us thinks Τίς ἡμῶν νομίζει He directs the young Κελεύει τὸν νεανίαν
that he knows all πάντα εἰδέναι ἢ καὶ man not to become μὴ πλούσιον
things or even (ἢ ἑαυτόν; rich. γενἐσθαι.
καὶ) himself?
Socrates says that Ὁ Σωκράτης λέγει I think that I hear a Νομίζω φωνὴν
God both sees and ὠς ὁ θεὸς πάντα καὶ voice. ἀκούειν.
hears all things. ὁρᾷ καὶ ἀκούει.
The boy thinks that Ὁ παῖς νομίζει I think that I have Νομίζω φωνὴν
he is wise. σοφὸς εἶναι. heard a voice. ἀκηκοέναι.
Some young men Νεανίαι τινὲς I thought that I had Ἐνόμιζον φωνὴν
think that they are νομίζουσι heard a voice. ἀκηκοέναι.
wiser than their σοφώτεροι εἶναι τῶν
fathers. πατρῶν.
The messenger says Ὁ ἄγγελος λέγει τὸν I think that you will Νομίζω σε
that the king will βασιλέα ἥξειν hear the voice of the ἀκούσεσθαι τὴν
come tomorrow. αὔριον. nightingale. φωνὴν τῆς ἀηδοῦς.
I think that the king Νομίζω ἐληλυθέναι
has come. τὸν βασιλέα.
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EIGHTY-FIFTH LESSON
379. Exercises
Οὐχ οἱ πένητες It is not the poor Ἐκ τοῦ ἑωρακέναι, Out of having seen,
ἄθλιοι, ἀλλ’ οἱ who are miserable, οἶδα. I know.
κακοί. but the wicked.
Οὐκ ἐκ πλούτου Happiness is not out Ἀκούω ἀντὶ τοῦ I hear instead of
ἐστὶν ἡ εὐδαιμονία, of wealth, but out of λέγειν. speaking.
ἀλλ’ ἐξ ἀρετῆς. virtue.
Τὸ ὁρᾷν κρεῖττόν Seeing is better than Ὁ νεανίας λέγει ἀντὶ The young man
ἐστι τοῦ ἀκούειν. hearing. τοῦ ἀκούειν. speaks instead of
hearing.
Τὸ ὁρᾶν [ὁρᾷν] Seeing is opposite to Ἀντὶ τοῦ γράψαι, Instead of writing, I
ἐναντίον ἐστὶ τῷ hearing. ἔλεξα. spoke.
ἀκούειν.
Νῦν ἐστιν ὁ χρόνος Now is the time to Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐλθεῖν, Instead of coming, I
τοῦ ἰδεῖν. see. ἔγραψα. wrote.
Μετὰ τὸ λέγειν, After speaking Ἤλθομεν πρὸς τὸ We came in order to
γίγνεται τὸ ποιεῖν. comes doing. ἰδεῖν. see.
Τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν It is easy to err. Λέγω περὶ τοῦ I speak concerning
ῥάδιον. γεγραφέναι, οὐ περὶ having written, not
τοῦ ἑωρακέναι. concerning having
seen.
Οὐ τὸ λέγειν Speaking is not
χαλεπόν, ἀλλὰ τὸ hard, but doing.
ποιεῖν.
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The time of running. Ὁ χρόνος τοῦ The shepherd flees Ὁ ποιμὴν φεύγει
δραμεῖν. instead of pursuing. ἀντὶ τοῦ διῶξαι.
The time not of Οὐχ ὁ χρόνος τοῦ He pursues instead Διώκει ἀντὶ τοῦ
seeing, but of ἰδεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ of fleeing. φυγεῖν.
hearing. ἀκοῦσαι.
I am present in Πάρειμι ἐκ τοῦ We shall write after Γράψομεν μετὰ τὸ
consequence of ἀκηκοέναι. having spoken. εἰρηκέναι.
having heard.
We fled in Ἐφύγομεν ἐκ τοῦ He spoke in addition Ἔλεξε πρὸς τῷ
consequence of ἰδεῖν. to writing (πρὸς τῷ γράψαι.
seeing (ἐκ τοῦ γράψαι).
ἰδεῖν).
What is opposed to Τί ἐναντίον ἐστὶ τῷ I speak concerning Λέγω περὶ τοῦ
seeing? ὁρᾶν [ὁρᾷν]; writing. γράφειν.
Hearing is not Τὸ ἀκούειν οὐκ Virtue is opposed to Ἡ ἀρετὴ ἐναντία
opposed to seeing. ἐναντίον τῷ ὁρᾶν vice. ἐστὶ τῇ κακίᾳ.
[ὁρᾷν].
Running is opposed Τὸ τρέχειν ἐναντίον Virtue is in nothing Ἡ ἀρετὴ οὐδὲν
to walking. ἐστὶ τῷ βαδίζειν. similar to vice. ὁμοία ἐστὶ τῇ κακίᾳ.
Pursuing is opposed Τὸ διώκειν ἐναντίον Vice is in all things Ἡ κακία πάντα
to fleeing. ἐστὶ τῷ φεύγειν. opposed to virtue. ἐναντία ἐστὶ τῇ
ἀρετῇ.
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EIGHTY-SIXTH LESSON
383. Exercises
Ὁ φιλόσοφος πάντα The philosopher Ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τὰ The time of
ταῦτα εἰδέναι thinks that he knows τοιαῦτα εἰδέναι ἀεὶ knowing such things
νομίζει. all these things. πάρεστιν. is always present.
Ὁ Σωκράτης ἔλεγε Socrates used to say Ἐκ τοῦ τὸν ἄνδρα Out of the man’s not
τοὺς θεοὺς πάντα that the gods show μὴ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχειν, having eyes, he is
δηλοῦν τοῖς all things to the τυφλός ἐστιν. blind.
ἀγαθοῖς. good.
Πλάτων ἐνόμιζε τὴν Plato thought that Τὸ σιγᾶν [σιγᾷν] Being silent is the
ψυχὴν ἀθάνατον the soul was ἐναντίον ἐστὶ τῷ μὴ opposite of not
εἶναι. immortal. σιγᾶν [σιγᾷν]. being silent.
Ὁ πένης ζητεῖ The poor man seeks Τὸ μὲν λέγειν Speaking is indeed
πλούσιος γενέσθαι. to become rich. χαλεπόν, τὸ δὲ μὴ hard, but not
λέγειν ἔτι speaking even
χαλεπώτερον. harder.
Ὁ θεὸς πάντας εὖ God does good to Ὁ ῥήτωρ ταῦτα The orator has said
ποιεῖ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθὸς all out of being εἴρηκεν ἐκ τοῦ μὴ these things out of
εἶναι. good. σοφὸς εἶναι. not being wise.
Ὁ κλέπτης κλέπτει The thief steals on Τὸ πεδίον ὁμαλόν The plain is level.
διὰ τὸ κακὸς εἶναι. account of being ἐστιν.
wicked.
Οὗτος ὁ νεανίας This young man has Τὸ σιγᾶν Being silent is often
πολλὰς βίβλους collected many [σιγᾷν]πολλάκις better than speaking.
συνείλοχε πρὸς (ἐπὶ) books in order to κρεῖττόν ἐστι τοῦ
τὸ σοφὸς γενέσθαι. become wise. λέγειν.
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Laughing. Τὸ γελᾶν [γελᾷν]. We have a tongue Γλῶτταν ἔχομεν
so as to say all ὥστε πάντα ὅσα ἂν
things (πάντα ὅσα) βουλώμεθα λέγειν.
which we wish.
A time of laughing. Χρόνος τοῦ γελᾶν Nothing is sweeter Οὐδὲν ἥδιον τῷ
[γελᾷν]. to the poor man than πένητι τοῦ ὕπνου.
sleep.
To laugh indeed is Τὸ μὲν γελᾶν The king has both Ὁ βασιλεὺς ἱππεῖς
pleasant, but to do [γελᾷν] ἡδύ, τὸ δὲ horsemen and τε καὶ τριήρεις ἔχει
good to others is ἄλλους εὖ ποιεῖν galleys so as to ὥστε ἡμᾶς διώκειν.
much pleasanter. πολὺ ἥδιον. pursue us.
To know all things Χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ If we had horses so Εἰ ἵππους εἴχομεν
is difficult. πάντα εἰδέναι. as to pursue, we ὥστε διώκειν, οὐκ
should not flee. ἂν ἐφεύγομεν.
To do is more Τὸ ποιεῖν To flee is less easy Τὸ φεύγειν ἧττον
difficult than to χαλεπώτερόν ἐστι than to pursue. ῥάδιόν ἐστι τοῦ
know. τοῦ εἰδέναι. διώκειν.
From seeing the Ἐκ τοῦ τὸν ἥλιον Speaking is opposed Τὸ λέγειν ἐναντίον
sun, I have become ἰδεῖν, τυφλὸς to being silent. ἐστὶ τῷ σιγᾷν.
blind. γέγονα.
We have eyes so as Ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχομεν Nothing is more Οὐδὲν χαλεπώτερόν
to see many things. ὥστε πολλὰ ὁρᾶν difficult than being ἐστι τοῦ σιγᾷν.
[ὁρᾷν]. silent.
The old man is Ὁ γέρων τυφλός Life (ἡ ζωή) is Ἡ ζωὴ ἐναντία ἐστὶ
blind. ἐστιν. opposed to death. τῷ θανάτῳ.
EIGHTY-SEVENTH LESSON
389. Exercises
Ταῦτα λέγων, In saying these Κακὸς ὤν, τοῖς Being wicked, you
ἁμαρτάνεις. things, you err. κακοῖς χαίρεις. rejoice in the
wicked.
Ἡ κόρη μένει ἐν τῇ The maiden stays in Ἀεὶ χαίρομεν We always rejoice
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οἰκίᾳ, ἐπιστολὰς the house, writing ὁρῶντες (seeing) seeing the sun and
γράφουσα. letters. τὸν ἥλιον, καὶ τὴν the moon and the
σελήνην, καὶ τοὺς stars.
ἀστέρας.
Ταῦτα ἀκούσας, On hearing these Ἡ κόρη κάθηται ἐν The maiden is
ἐπιστολὴν πρὸς σὲ things, I wrote a τῇ στοᾷ τῆς sitting in the porch
ἔγραψα. letter to you. ἀηδόνος ἀκούουσα. hearing the
nightingale.
Ὁ κλέπτης, τὴν The thief, on taking Γέρων τις, παῖδα ἐπὶ A certain old man,
χλαῖναν λαβών, ὡς the cloak, ran away τῆς μηλέας εὑρών, on finding a boy on
τάχιστα ἀπέδραμεν. as swiftly as μῆλα κλέπτοντα, the apple tree
possible. ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν steeling apples,
καταβῆναι. ordered him to
descend.
Ὁ ἀγαθὸς σφόδρα The good man Ὁ νεανίας The young man
χαίρει ἀκούων παρὰ rejoices exceedingly πεπτωκὼς κεῖται ἐπὶ after having fallen
τοῦ φιλοσόφου ὅτι ἡ in hearing from the τῆς γῆς. lies on the earth.
ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός philosopher that the
ἐστιν. soul is immortal.
Ὁ βασιλεύς, ἐν τῇ The king, while in
πόλει ὤν, πάντας εὖ the city, was
ἐποίει. benefitting all.

I come having a Ἔρχομαι ἄνθος On seeing the Ἰδὼν τοὺς καλοὺς
flower. ἔχων. beautiful stars, I ἀστέρας, ἐχάρην.
rejoiced.
The maidens are Αἱ κόραι πάρεισιν The hunter, taking Ὁ θηρευτής, λαβὼν
present having ἄνθη ἔχουσαι ἐν (λαβών) his dog, τὸν κύνα, εἰς τὴν
flowers in their ταῖς χερσίν. went forth into the ὕλην ἐξῆλθεν.
hands. woods.
I used to rejoice Ἔχαιρον ὁρῶν Who does not Τίς οὐ χαίρει ὁρῶν
(while) seeing such τοιαῦτα καλὰ ἄνθη. rejoice while seeing τὴν ἀρετὴν τοῦ
beautiful flowers. the virtue of the φιλοσόφου;
philosopher.
(In) saying these Ταῦτα λέγων οὐχ The young man Ὁ νεανίας ἑωρακὼς
things you do not ἁμαρτάνεις. (after) having seen τὸν πατέρα, δεῦρο
err. his father, came
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hither. ἦλθεν.
The philosopher Ὁ φιλόσοφος οὐχ Who knows Τίς ἑαυτὸν
does not err (in) ἁμαρτάνει λέγων ὅτι himself? γιγνώσκει;
saying that there is εἷς θεὸς μόνος
only one God. ἐστίν.
(After) having heard Τοῦ ῥήτορος Nobody sees even Οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ οὐδὲ τὴν
the orator, we went ἀκηκοότες, his own soul. ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν.
away. ἀπήλθομεν.
On finding this Ταύτην τὴν χλαῖναν Boy, be such (ἴσθι Ὦ παῖ, ἴσθι τοιοῦτος
cloak, I took it into εὑρών, αὐτὴν εἰς τοιοῦτος) in περὶ τοὺς ἄλλους,
my hands. τὰς χεῖρας ἔλαβον. reference to (περὶ οἵους τοὺς ἄλλους
τοὺς) others, as you περὶ σεαυτὸν εἶναι
wish others to be in βούλῃ.
reference to
yourself.
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EIGHTY-EIGHTH LESSON
396. Exercises
Τί φέρεις; What are you Χαλεπόν ἐστι πρὸς It is hard to speak to
bringing? τὴν γαστέρα λέγειν, the stomach, since it
ὦτα οὐκ ἔχουσαν. does not have ears.
Βακτηρίαν φέρω. I am bringing a Ὁ ὄφις, ἐν τῇ πόᾳ The snake, since it
staff. κείμενος, τὸν is lying in the grass,
νεανίαν δήξεται. will bite the young
man.
Ὁ παῖς ἔρχεται The boy comes Ὁ γέρων σφόδρα The old man
φέρων τὴν τοῦ bringing the old χαίρει τὸν ἥλιον rejoices exceedingly
γέροντος βακτηρίαν. man’s staff. ὁρῶν. because he sees the
sun.
Ἡ γυνὴ ὀλίγον The woman came a Εἰρήκασί τινες τὸν Some have said the
πρότερον ἦλθε, little before, ἥλιον λίθον εἶναι. sun is a stone.
ποτήριον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ bringing a cup in
φέρουσα. her hand.
Οἱ ἄνδρες παρῆσαν The men indeed Τὸν μὲν ἥλιον πῦρ They say the sun
μὲν ἡμῖν μέχρι τῆς were with us until εἶναι λέγουσι, τὴν indeed is fire, but
ἑσπέρας, ἰδόντες δὲ evening, but on δὲ σελήνην, γῆν. the moon, earth.
τοὺς ἀστέρας, seeing the stars,
ἀπῆλθον. they departed.
Ὁ ὑετὸς ἐκ τῶν The rain comes out Ἡ χάλαζα ἔπιπτε The hail was falling
νεφελῶν ἔρχεται. of the clouds. πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν all day until the
μέχρι τῆς νυκτός. night.
Ὁ ὑετὸς καὶ ἡ The rain and the hail
χάλαζα εἰς τοὺς fall into the
λειμῶνας πίπτουσιν. meadows.

What do you come Τί φέρων ἔρχῃ; Having come into Ἐληλυθὼς εἰς τὴν
bringing? the forest, I went to ὕλην, ἔσχιζον ξύλα
splitting (ἔσχιζον) πελέκει τε καὶ
wood with an axe σφηνί.
and a wedge.
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I come bringing the Ἔρχομαι φέρων τὴν The horseman took Λαβὼν τὸν ἵππον, ὁ
stranger’s cloak. τοῦ ξένου χλαῖναν. his horse (λαβών) ἱππεὺς ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸν
and went up the hill. λόφον.
You have not Οὐκ ἐνήνοχας τὴν Mounting (ἀναβάς) Ἀναβὰς τὸν ἵππον,
brought his cloak, αὐτοῦ χλαῖναν, his horse, he went κατέβη διὰ τοῦ
but your own. ἀλλὰ τὴν σεαυτοῦ. down through the πεδίου εἰς τὸν μέγαν
plain into the large λειμῶνα.
meadow.
I shall not bring my Οὐκ οἴσω τὴν ἐμὴν When (ὅτε) the rain Ὅτε ἔπιπτεν ὁ
cloak, but the χλαῖναν, ἀλλὰ τὴν was falling, the sun ὑετός, ὁ ἥλιος ἐν
merchant’s. τοῦ ἐμπόρου. was in the clouds. ταῖς νεφέλαις ἦν.
Who will come, Τίς εἶσιν ἔχων If the hail had not Εἰ μὴ ἔπεσεν ἡ
having a beautiful καλὴν χλαῖναν; fallen, the garden χάλαζα, ὁ κῆπος ἂν
cloak? would have been ἦν καλός.
beautiful.
Nobody. Ουδείς. Wine is a mirror of Ὁ οἶνος κάτοπτρον
the mind. τοῦ νοῦ.
The messenger, Ὁ ἄγγελος, τὴν Speech is the image Ὁ λόγος εἴδωλον
taking the letter, ἐπιστολὴν λαβών, of the soul. τῆς ψυχῆς.
departed. ἀπῆλθεν.
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EIGHTY-NINTH LESSON
401. Exercises
Ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ἴσθι O man, know that Ὁ πατὴρ δῆλός ἐστι The father clearly
θνητὸς ὤν. you are mortal. τὴν θυγατέρα loves his daughter.
φιλῶν.
Ὦ βασιλεῦ, O King, remember Ὁ ἔμπορος λέγει The merchant says
μέμνησο ἄνθρωπος that you are a man. αὐτὸς μὲν οὐ that he indeed is not
ὤν. πλούσιος, ἐμὲ δὲ rich, but that I am
πλουσιώτατον εἶναι. most rich.
Ἴσμεν τὴν ψυχὴν We know that the Οἱ νεανίαι εἰς τὰ The young men
ἀθάνατον οὖσαν. soul is immortal. ὄρη ἀνέβησαν ὡς went up the
χρυσὸν ζητήσοντας. mountains in order
to look for gold.
Οὗτος ὁ πλούσιος This rich man does Οἱ νεανίαι πολλὰ The young men
οὐ μέμνηται θνητὸς not remember that εἰδέναι νομίζουσιν. think they know
ὤν. he is mortal. many things.
Οἶδα τὸν φιλόσοφον I know that the Ὁ γέρων οἶδεν The old man knows
σοφὸν ὄντα. philospher is wise. αὐτὸς οὐ πολλὰ that he himself does
εἰδώς. not know many
things.
Ὁ βασιλεὺς ἄγγελον The king sent a Ὁρῶμεν τούτους We see that these
ἔπεμψε λέξοντα ὅτι messenger to say τοὺς μαθητὰς πολλὰ scholars have
αὐτὸς ἥξει. that he himself will καὶ καλὰ learned many
come. μεμαθηκότας. beautiful things.
Δεῦρο ἐληλύθαμεν We have come Ἐπειδὴ εἶδον τὸν After they saw the
τοῦ ῥήτορος hither to hear the ἱππέα πίπτοντα ἀπὸ horseman falling
ἀκουσόμενοι. orator. τοῦ ἵππου, καὶ ἤδη from his horse, and
(already) already having
πεπτωκότα, αὐτῷ fallen, they ran to
προσέδραμον. him.
Οὐδεὶς πώποτε Nobody ever heard Οὐκ ἀεὶ μεμνήμεθα We don’t always
Σωκράτους οὐδὲν Socrates say θνητοὶ ὄντες. remember that we
κακὸν ἤκουσε anything evil. are mortal.
λέγοντος.
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I think that I am Νομίζω σοφὸς εἶναι. Nobody ever heard Οὐδεὶς πώποτε
wise. Socrates say Σωκράτους οὐδὲν
anything evil. κακὸν ἤκουσε
λέγοντος.
The old man knows Ὁ γέρων οἶδεν οὐ We know that God Ἴσμεν τὸν θεὸν
that he is not wise. σοφὸς ὤν. sees all things. πάντα ὁρῶντα.
I know that the old Οἶδα τὸν γέροντα O boy, remember Ὦ παῖ, μέμνησο τὸν
man is a φιλόσοφον ὄντα. that God sees and θεὸν πάντα ὁρῶντά
philosopher. knows all things. τε καὶ εἰδόντα.
Socrates, alone of Ὁ Σωκράτης, μόνος I have learned from Μεμάθηκα παρὰ
all the Greeks, knew πάντων τῶν my teacher many τοῦ διδασκάλου
that he was not Ἑλλήνων, ᾔδει οὐ excellent things. πολλὰ καὶ καλά.
wise. σοφὸς ὤν.
We know that we Ἴσμεν θνητοὶ ὄντες. I have learned that Μεμάθηκα ἰὸν ἐν τῇ
are mortal. there is poison in γλώττῃ τοῦ κόλακος
the tongue of the ὄντα.
flatterer.
Know that the body Ἴσθι τὸ μὲν σῶμα If the king had Εἰ ὁ βασιλεὺς
indeed is mortal, but θνητόν ὄν, τὴν δὲ come, he would ἦλθεν, εἶδεν ἂν
the soul immortal. ψυχὴν ἀθάνατον have seen us ἡμᾶς φεύγοντας.
οὖσαν. fleeing.
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NINETIETH LESSON
405. Exercises
Ἴσμεν τὸν θεὸν We know that God Ὁ κλέπτης, θύραν The thief, on
οὔποτε never errs. ἀνοίξας, εἰσῆλθεν opening the door,
ἁμαρτάνοντα. ὡς κλέψων. entered in order to
steal.
Ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οἶδα Since I am a man, I Ἀκούω τῶν ὀρνίθων I hear the birds
πολλάκις know that I often ᾀδόντων. singing.
ἁμαρτάνων. err.
Τὸ μήποτε ἁμαρτεῖν To never err belongs Ἀκούομεν τὰς We hear that the
ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ to God alone. κόρας ᾄδειν. maidens sing.
μόνου.
Ὁ μαθητὴς The scholar is Ὦ παῖ, ἄνοιξον τὴν O boy, open the
μανθάνει σοφὸς learning how to be θύραν. door.
εἶναι. wise.
Ὦ βασιλεῦ, ἀεὶ O King, always Ὁ θεὸς πανταχοῦ God is everywhere.
μέμνησο οὐκ remember that you ἐστιν.
ἀθάνατος ὤν. are not immortal.
Ὦ παῖ, μέμνησο O boy, remember to Πᾶς ὁ κόσμος All the world is full
σώφρων εἶναι. be virtuous. πλήρης ἐστὶ τοῦ of God.
θεοῦ.
Τίς τὴν θύραν Who opened the Ὁ ἥλιος ὀφθαλμός The sun is the eye of
ἀνέῳξεν; door? ἐστι τοῦ κόσμου. the world.

I have learned these Μεμάθηκα ταῦτα. I knew that I had not ᾜδειν οὐκ εὖ
things. spoken well. εἰρηκώς.
The king has Ὁ βασιλεὺς Nothing is immortal Οὐδὲν ἀθάνατον
learned to be just. μεμάθηκε δίκαιος except virtue. πλὴν τῆς ἀρετῆς.
εἶναι.
I have heard the Ἀκήκοα τοῦ The good (man) Ὁ ἀγαθὸς οἶδε τοὺς
orator say many ῥήτορος πολλὰ knows how to honor ἀγαθοὺς τιμᾶν
things. λέγοντος. the good. [τιμᾷν].
The orator knows Ὁ ῥήτωρ οἶδεν οὐκ As a mirror shows Ὡς κάτοπτρον δηλοῖ
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that he has not εὖ εἰρηκώς. the face, so wine τὸ πρόσωπον, οὕτως
spoken well. shows the mind. ὁ οἶνος δηλοῖ τὸν
νοῦν.
The great king does Ὁ μέγας βασιλεὺς I remember opening Μέμνημαι ἀνοίξας
not know that he is οὐκ οἶδε θνητὸς ὤν. the door. τὴν θύραν.
mortal.
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NINETY-FIRST LESSON
410 Exercises
Ἡ Αἴγυπτος δῶρόν Egypt is a gift of the Τῶν διδασκάλων The teachers
ἐστι τοῦ Νείλου. Nile. λεγόντων, σιγῶσιν speaking, the
οἱ μαθηταί. scholars are silent.
Ὁ Νεῖλος κλεινὸς The Nile was a Οὐδὲ (not even) Though the teacher
ἦν ποταμός. famous river. λέγοντος τοῦ speaks, not even
διδασκάλου, σιγᾷ ὁ then is the young
νεανίας. man silent.
Ἐν Ἀθήναις κλεινοὶ In Athens there Ὁ πατὴρ πέμπει τὸν The father sends the
ἦσαν φιλόσοφοι. were famous παῖδα τὴν θύραν boy to close the
philosophers. κλείσοντα. door.
Ὁ Νεῖλος πλήρης The Nile is full of Μέμνημαι τὴν I remember that I
ἐστὶν ἰχθύων. fish. πύλην ταύτην τῇ opened this gate the
πρόσθεν νυκτὶ night before.
ἀνοίξας.
Τοῦ ἡλίου The sun shining, all Ταῦτα λέγεις ὡς You say these things
λάμποντος, πάντα things are clear. πάντων εὖ ἐχόντων. supposing that all is
δῆλά ἐστιν. well.
Τῶν ῥητόρων The orators Πάντων τάχιστόν Mind is the swiftest
λεγόντων, πάντες speaking, we all sit ἐστι νοῦς· διὰ thing of all; for it
θαυμάζοντες admiring. πάντων γὰρ (for) runs through all
καθήμεθα. τρέχει. things.

I know that I am Οἶδα θνητὸς ὤν. The Aegyptians say Οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι
mortal. that the sun and λέγουσιν ὅτι ὁ ἥλιος
moon are gods. καὶ ἡ σελήνη θεοί
εἰσιν.
I saw the boy both Εἶδον τὸν παῖδα In Athens were Ἐν Ἀθήναις ἦσαν
opening and ἀνοίγοντά τε καὶ many beautiful πολλαὶ καὶ καλαὶ
shutting the door. κλείοντα τὴν θύραν. porticoes. στοαί.
I remember shutting Μέμνημαι τὴν The Nile is full of Ὁ Νεῖλος πλήρης
the door. θύραν κλείσας. large fishes. ἐστὶν μεγάλων
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ἰχθύων.
Boy, remember to Παῖ, μέμνησο τὴν Near Athens was a Πλησίον τῶν
shut the door. θύραν κλεῖσαι. celebrated river. Ἀθήνων ἦν κλεινὸς
ποταμός.
We being silent, the Ἡμῶν σιγώντων, οἱ On coming hither, I Δεῦρο ἐλθὼν, εἶδον
orators speak. ῥήτορες λέγουσιν. saw the fishes in a τοὺς ἰχθῦς ἐν χρυσῷ
golden cup. ποτηρίῳ.
The few (τῶν Τῶν ὀλίγων Much hail has Πολλὴ χάλαζα
ὀλίγων) being silent, σιγώντων, οἱ πολλοὶ fallen. πέπτωκεν.
the many speak. λέγουσιν.
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NINETY-SECOND LESSON
414. Exercises
Ὁ ταῦτα ποιῶν. He who makes these Τοὺς τὸν θεὸν Those who honor
things. τιμῶντας αὐτὸς God, He himself
τιμήσει. will honor.
Οἱ ταῦτα Those who have Οἱ τοὺς κακοὺς Those who love the
πεποιηκότες. made these things. φιλοῦντες, αὐτοί wicked are
εἰσι κακοί. themselves wicked.
Φιλῶ τοὺς ἐμὲ I love those who Ὁ ἐν τῇ γλώσσῃ ἰὸν He who has poison
φιλοῦντας. love me. ἔχων, ἔχει καὶ ἐν τῇ in his tongue has it
καρδίᾳ. also in his heart.
Ὁ θεὸς φιλεῖ πάντας God loves all those Οὐχ ὁ πολλὰ εἰδώς, Not he who knows
τοὺς ἑαυτὸν who love himself. ἀλλ’ ὁ χρήσιμα many things, but he
τιμῶντας. εἰδώς, σοφός. who knows useful
things, is wise.
Οὐκ ἂν χρυσὸν You cannot take Λύκος, ἰδὼν A wolf, on seeing
λάβοις πλὴν παρὰ gold except from he ποιμένας πρόβατον shepherds eating a
τοῦ ἔχοντος. who has it. ἐσθίοντας, Ἡλίκος sheep, said “How
ἂν ἦν, εἶπε, great a tumult there
θόρυβος, εἰ ἐγὼ would be, if I did
τοῦτο ἐποίουν! this!”
Οἱ νῦν γελῶντες οὐκ Those who are Ὁ ἀμαθὴς πλούσιος The unlearned rich
ἀεὶ γελάσονται. laughing now will πρόβατόν ἐστι man is a golden-
not always be χρυσόμαλλον. fleeced sheep.
laughing.
Οἱ σήμερον Those who flee Πασῶν τῶν ἀρετῶν Of all the virtues the
φεύγοντες, αὔριον today will pursue καλλίστη ἐστὶν ἡ most beautiful is
διώξονται. tomorrow. εὐσέβεια. piety.

I love him who Φιλῶ τὸν τὴν None is happy Οὐδεὶς μακάριός
loves virtue. ἀρετὴν φιλοῦντα. except him who ἐστι πλὴν τοῦ τὸν
honors God. θεὸν τιμῶντος.
We do good to those Εὖ ποιοῦμεν τοὺς Those who speak Οἱ λέγοντες
who do good to us. ἡμᾶς εὖ ποιοῦντας. are frequently less πολλάκις ἧττον
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wise than those who σοφοί εἰσι τῶν
are silent. σιγώντων.
Those who opened Οἱ θὴν θύραν He who is silent is Ὁ σιγῶν πολλάκις
the door will shut it. ἀνοίξαντες αὐτὴν often wiser then he σοφώτερός ἐστι τοῦ
κλείσουσιν. who speaks. λέγοντος.
It is easy to love Ῥάδιόν ἐστι τὸ ἡμᾶς They who pursue Οἱ διώκοντες
those who love us. φιλοῦντας φιλεῖν. are swifter than θάττονες τῶν
those who flee. φευγόντων.
He who knows Ὁ χρήσιμα εἰδὼς This ignorant rich Οὖτος ὁ ἀμαθὴς
useful things is σοφός ἐστιν. (man) is a golden πλούσιος πρόβατόν
wise. fleeced sheep. ἐστι χρυσόμαλλον.
None is wise except Οὐδεὶς σοφός ἐστι
him who knows πλὴν τοῦ χρήσιμα
useful things. εἰδότος.
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NINETY-THIRD LESSON
418. Exercises
Πρὸ τοῦ λέγειν. Before the speaking. Φίλει παιδείαν, Love instruction,
σοφίαν, ἀρετήν, wisdom, virtue,
εὐσέβειαν. piety.
Θαυμάζω τὸν I admire the one Τῆς παιδείας αἱ μὲν The roots of
σιγῶντα μᾶλλον ἢ who is silent more ῥίζαι πικραί εἰσιν, οἱ instruction are
τὸν λέγοντα. than the one who δὲ καρποί, γλυκεῖς. bitter, but the fruits,
speaks. sweet.
Τίνες ἦσαν οἱ Who were those Αἱ ἀρετῆς κτήσεις The acquisitions of
πάροντες ὅτε present when μόναι βέβαιαί εἰσιν. virtue are alone
ἀπέθανεν ὁ Socrates died? permanent.
Σωκράτης;
Ὀλίγοι φίλοι A few friends were Πολλάκις ὁ Often the rich man
παρῆσαν. present. πλούσιος δοῦλός is the slave of
ἐστι χρημάτων. money.
Τὸ μὲν ἁμαρτάνειν, To err is easy, to be Ὁ παιδείαν καὶ Only he who loves
ῥάδιον, τὸ δὲ ὑπὲρ sure, but to speak σοφίαν φιλῶν μόνος instruction and
τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων for those erring, γίγνεται σοφός. wisdom becomes
λέγειν, χαλεπόν. difficult. wise.
Ὁ ποιμὴν τὸν λύκον The shepherd Ἐκ τοῦ τὴν παιδείαν Wisdom comes out
διώκει ἀντὶ τοῦ pursues the wolf φιλεῖν γίγνεται ἡ of loving
φεύγειν. instead of fleeing. σοφία. instruction.
Πάντες φιλοῦσι All men love those Ἡ ἀρετὴ μόνη Only virtue remains
τοὺς ἑαυτοὺς who love ἀθάνατος μένει. immortal.
φιλοῦντας. themselves.
Οἱ σιγῶντες Those who are silent Ὁ δεσπότης οὗτος This master has
πολλάκις τῶν are often wiser than πολλοὺς ἔχει many slaves.
λεγόντων those who speak. δούλους.
σοφώτεροί ἐισιν.
Τὸ σιγᾶν [σιγᾷν] Being silent is often
πολλάκις κρεῖττόν better than speaking.
ἐστι τοῦ λέγειν.
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Instead of speaking, Ἀντὶ τοῦ λέγειν, The serpent has his Ὁ μὲν ὄφις τὸν ἰὸν
you are silent. σιγᾷς. poison in his ἐν τῇ γλώττῃ ἔχει, ὁ
tongue, but the δὲ κόλαξ ἐν τῇ
flatterer in his soul. ψυχῇ.
Instead of pursuing, Ἀντὶ τοῦ διώκειν, Nothing is better Οὐδὲν κρεῖττόν ἐστι
we flee. φεύγομεν. than being silent τοῦ σιγᾶν [σιγᾷν]
except speaking πλὴν τοῦ εὖ λέγειν.
well.
He who pursues Ὁ σήμερον διώκων, Who was it that saw Τίς ἦν ὁ τὸν
today, will flee αὔριον φεύξεται. the king? βασιλέα ἰδών;
tomorrow.
He who loves virtue Ὁ τὴν ἀρετὴν φιλῶν The same man who Ὁ αὐτὸς ὁ γράψας
is happy. μακάριός ἐστιν. wrote (ὁ αὐτὸς ὁ ταύτην τὴν
γράψας) this letter. ἐπιστολήν.
He who threw the Ὁ τὴν σφαῖραν εἰς The same girl who Ἡ αὐτὴ κόρη ἡ
ball into the τὴν κρήνην ῥίψας, opened (ἡ ἀνοίξασα τὴν θύραν
fountain, will flee εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ἀνοίξασα) the door νῦν αὐτὴν κλείει.
into the house. φεύξεται. is now shutting it.
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NINETY-FOURTH LESSON
424. Exercises
Ἡ ἐπιστολὴ The letter is being Πάντα ταῦτά σοι All these things
γράφεται. written. πολλάκις λέλεκται. have often been said
by you.
Αἱ ἐπιστολαὶ αὗται These letters were Ὁ παῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ The boy was bitten
ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ written by me. ὄφεως κατὰ τὸν on his foot by the
ἐγράφθησαν. πόδα ἐδήχθη. snake.
Παρὰ τίνος ἐπέμφθη By whom was the Εἰ μὴ ἔφυγε τὰ If the sheep hadn’t
ὁ ἄγγελος; messenger sent? πρόβατα, ἐλήφθη ἂν fled, they would
ὑπὸ τοῦ λύκου. have been caught by
the wolf.
Παρὰ τοῦ πατρός By my father. Ὁ νῦν φεύγων The one fleeing now
μου. πολὺν χρόνον was for a long time
ἐδιώκετο. being pursued.
Πᾶσαι αἱ ἐπιστολαὶ All these letters will Εἰ ταῦτα ἐλέχθη, τίς If these things had
αὗται αὔριον be sent tomorrow. οὐκ ἂν ἐθαύμασεν; been said, who
πεμφθήσονται. would not have
admired?
Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ὑπὸ θεοῦ The good are loved Οἱ τὸν θεὸν Those who honor
φιλοῦνται. by God. τιμῶντες ἀεὶ ὑπ’ God are always
αὐτοῦ τιμῶνται. honored by him.
Οἱ κακοὶ οὐδὲ ὑφ’ The bad are not
ἑαυτῶν φιλοῦνται. even loved by
themselves.

The letter was Ἡ ἐπιστολὴ Good men are loved Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ φιλοῦνται
written. ἐγράφθη. by each other. ὑπ’ ἀλλήλων.
The letters have Αἱ ἐπιστολαὶ The good are loved Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ φιλοῦνται
been written. γεγραμμέναι εἰσίν. by the good. ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν.
Nothing was written Οὐδὲν ἐν τῇ These words have Οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι ἡμῖν
in the letter except ἐπιστολῇ ἐγράφθη been said by us. λελεγμένοι εἰσίν.
these words. πλὴν τούτων τῶν
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λόγων.
A hammer was Σφῦρα εὑρέθη ἐν τῇ If the letter had been Εἰ ἡ ἐπιστολὴ
found (εὑρέθη) in χηλῷ. written (ἐγράφθη) it ἐγράφθη, ἐπέμφθη
the chest. would have been ἄν.
sent.
Nothing was found Οὐδὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ If I had been present Εἰ παρῆν ἐγώ, ἡ
by the stranger ξένου εὑρέθη πλὴν (παρῆν) the letter ἐπιστολὴ οὐκ ἂν
except this cloak. ταύτης τῆς χλαίνης. would not have been ἐγράφθη.
written.
This wedge was Ὁ σφὴν οὗτος
found on the table. εὑρέθη ἐπὶ τῆς
τραπέζης.
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NINETY-FIFTH LESSON
431. Exercises
Παρὰ τίνος ἐπέμφθη By whom was the Διὰ τὸ ταῦτα ὑφ’ On account of these
ὁ ἄγγελος; messenger sent? ὑμῶν λελέχθαι, things having been
πάντα εὖ ἔχει. said by you, all
things are well.
Ἐπέμφθη παρὰ τοῦ He was sent by the Τί λέγεις περὶ τοῦ What do you say
βασιλέως. king. ταῦτα εὑρῆσθαι; concerning these
things having been
found?
Εἰ παρὰ τοῦ If someone should Ὁ σήμερον γελῶν, He who laughs
βασιλέως πεμφθείη be sent by the king, αὔριον οὐκέτι today will no longer
τις, ἡμεῖς ἴδοιμεν ἂν we would see him. γελάσεται. laugh tomorrow.
αὐτόν.
Ἐὰν γραφθῶσιν αἱ If the letters shall be Ὁ νῦν διωκόμενος The one being
ἐπιστολαί, written, we shall ὕστερον διώξει. pursued now later
πέμψομεν αὐτὰς send them to our will pursue.
πρὸς τοὺς φίλους friends.
ἡμῶν.
Μὴ λεγέσθων Let false words not Ὁ πῶλος ἐδήχθη The colt was bitten
ψευδεῖς λόγοι. be spoken. ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄφεως. by the snake.
Λέγουσι πολλὰς They say that many Ὁ παῖς, ὑπὸ τοῦ The boy, on being
ἐπιστολὰς καθ’ letters are written ὄφεως δηχθείς, πρὸς bitten by the snake,
ἡμέραν γράφεσθαι. daily. τὸν πατέρα ἔδραμεν. ran to his father.
Νομίζω ταῦτα ὑπ’ I think these things
οὐδενὸς λελέχθαι. have not been said
by anyone.

The boy has been Ὁ παῖς εὕρηται. If the lion had been Εἰ ὁ λέων ἐδιώχθη,
found. pursued, he would ἐλήφθη ἄν.
have been caught.
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Much gold was Πολὺς χρυσὸς If the thief shall be Ἐὰν ὁ κλέπης
found in the εὑρέθη ἐν τῷ ὄρει. found, he will be εὑρεθῇ,
mountain. caught. ληφθήσεται.
If so much gold Ἐὰν τοσοῦτος The boy, on being Ὁ παῖς, δηχθεὶς,
shall be found (ἐὰν χρυσὸς εὑρεθῇ, ὁ bitten, ran into the ἔδραμεν εἰς τὴν
– εὑρηθῇ), the ἐργάτης πλούσιος house. οἰκίαν.
workman will be ἔσται.
rich.
Where was the boy Ποῦ εὑρέθη ὁ παῖς; Thunder is heard. Βροντὴ ἀκούεται.
found?
He was found by the Εὑρέθη ὑπὸ τοῦ The voice of the Ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ
old man, stealing γέροντος μῆλα orator was heard ῥήτορος ἠκούσθη.
apples. κλέπτων. (ἠκούσθη).
The boy has been Δέδηκται ὁ παῖς. Nothing was heard Οὐδὲν ἠκούσθη
bitten. except the voices of πλὴν τῶν φονῶν
the orators. τῶν ῥητόρων.
The peacock was Ὁ ταὼς ἐλήφθη.
caught.
214
NINETY-SIXTH LESSON
436. Exercises
Ὁ ἀνὴρ φυλάττει The man guards the Ἡμεῖς ταῦτα τὰ We two fear in the
τὸν λέοντα. lion. θηρία ὡς μάλιστα highest degree these
φοβούμεθον. wild beasts.
Ὁ λέων φυλάττεται The lion is guarded Οἱ ἀγαθοὶ οὐδὲν The good fear
ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρός. by the man. φοβοῦνται πλὴν τοῦ nothing except evil.
κακοῦ.
Οἱ ἄνθρωποι τοὺς The men guard Ὁ ἀγαθὸς οὐδὲ τὸν The good man does
λέοντας against the lions. θάνατον φοβεῖται. not fear even death.
φυλάττονται.
Τίς ἡμᾶς Who guards against Ὁ θάνατος ἀεὶ τοὺς Death always
φυλάττεται; us? κακοὺς φοβεῖ. terrifies the wicked.
Οὐδεὶς ὑμᾶς No one guards Οἱ ἄδικοι ἀεὶ The unjust always
φυλάττεται. against you. ἀλλήλους fear one another.
φοβοῦνται.
Οἱ θηρευταὶ τὰ The hunters guard Ὁ κακὸς καὶ τὴν The wicked man
ἄγρια θηρία against the savage ἑαυτοῦ σκιὰν fears even his own
φυλάττονται. wild beasts. φοβεῖται. shadow.
Οἱ ἄδικοι ἀεὶ The unjust always Τὸν κακὸν καὶ Even his own
ἀλλήλους guard against each (even) ἡ αὑτοῦ σκιὰ shadow terrifies the
φυλάττονται. other. φοβεῖ. wicked man.
Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ τοὺς The wicked always Οἱ κακοὶ ἀεὶ The wicked will
κακοὺς φοβοῦνται. fear the wicked. ἀλλήλους always fear and
φοβήσονται καὶ guard against one
φυλάξονται. another.

Always fear and Ἀεὶ φοβοῦ καὶ The thief fears us. Ὁ κλέπτης ἡμᾶς
shun evil. φεῦγε τὸ κακόν. φοβεῖται.
The good (man) Ὁ ἀγαθὸς φοβεῖται This young man will Οὗτος ὁ νεανίας
fears no evil. οὐδὲν κακόν. terrify the thief. φοβήσει τὸν
κλέπτην.
Nothing will terrify Οὐδὲν φοβήσει τὸν Fear God and honor Φοβοῦ τὸν θεὸν καὶ
215
the good man. ἀγαθόν. the king. τίμᾱ τὸν βασιλέα.
The hunter fears the Ὁ θηρευτὴς He who honors God Ὁ τὸν θεὸν τιμῶν
fierce lion. φοβεῖται τὸν ἄγριον will never fear. οὔποτε φοβήσεται.
λέοντα.
The fierce wild Τὰ ἄγρια θηρία The blind (man) Ὁ τυφλὸς πάντα
beasts terrify the φοβεῖ τὸν θηρευτήν. fears all things. φοβεῖται.
hunter.
We shut our houses Κλείομεν τὰς οἰκίας The good do not Ὁι ἀγαθοὶ οὐδὲ τὸν
that we may guard ἵνα κλέπτας even fear death. θάνατον φοβοῦνται.
against thieves. φυλαττώμεθα.
We shut our doors Κλείομεν τὰς θύρας Virtue is a source of Ἡ ἀρετὴ πηγή ἐστι
because we fear the ὅτι φοβοῦμεθα τοὺς permanent βεβαίας
thief. κλέπτας. happiness. εὐδαιμονίας.
216

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FIRST LESSON

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(c) ἐάν, ἤν, ἄν with Subjunctive implying doubt, etc.

II. Render into Greek

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