SMP 16 GPS Clock Option: Installation Guide

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INSTALLATION GUIDE

SMP 16 GPS Clock Option


The GPS Clock option is specially designed to provide the SMP 16/CP and SMP 16/SG
gateways with the high-accuracy time source required to meet the most demanding
time synchronization requirements.

With the GPS clock option, the SMP 16 maintains a clock accuracy of 400 ns. The
SMP 16 clock signal can be redistributed in IRIG-B format, providing a cost-efficient
time source for all substation devices.

The following document describes the principles of operation of the GPS clock, the
installation of the GPS antenna and its specifications.

Contents
Principles of Operation ....................................................................................2

Antenna Mounting Considerations ..................................................................2

Quebec City Installing the Antenna.....................................................................................3


730 Commerciale Street
Suite 200 Antenna, Cables and Accessories .......................................................................... 3
Saint-Jean-Chrysostome, Quebec Installation Instructions ....................................................................................... 5
Canada G6Z 2C5
Phone: +1.418.834-0009
Fax: +1.514.227.5256 Connecting the Antenna to the SMP 16 ..........................................................8
Crimping a Connector to the Cable ........................................................................ 8
Montreal
1290 St. Denis Street
Suite 300 Configuring the GPS Receiver using SMP Config......................................... 10
Montreal, Quebec Specifying the Length of the Cable ...................................................................... 10
Canada H2X 3J7 Specifying the IRIG-B Distribution Format............................................................ 10
Phone: +1.514.845.6195
Fax: +1.514.227.5256
Verifying the Installation ............................................................................. 11
www.cooperpower.com Using SMP Stats ................................................................................................ 12
© 2012 Cooper Power Systems, LLC
All rights reserved. Specifications................................................................................................ 15
S1120-13-3, version 8 Antenna ........................................................................................................... 15
2013/06/21
Cable and Connector Types ................................................................................ 16
GPS Signal In-line Amplifier ................................................................................ 16
Surge Suppressor .............................................................................................. 16

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SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

Principles of Operation
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system operated
and maintained by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). GPS uses a constellation
of satellites to calculate the exact position and altitude of receiver stations.

The GPS constellation is composed of 24 satellites orbiting the earth in 11 hours and
58 minutes, on six different orbits. With the baseline satellite constellation, receivers
with a clear view of the sky have a minimum of four satellites in view. Typically, the
receiver sees from six to eight satellites.

GPS technology requires a very accurate time source in order to calculate the orbital
position of the satellites and determine the position of the receiver. To ensure the
required level of accuracy, each GPS satellite is equipped with 4 atomic clocks that
are kept in synchronization with the U.S. Naval Observatory's Master Clock. Each
satellite continuously transmits its current position and a time code.

IRIG-B is a military standard of the Inter Range Instrumentation Group. The best
known IRIG standard is the IRIG Timecode standard used to timestamp video, film,
telemetry, radar, and other data collected at test ranges. The main difference
between the codes that are classified in letters from A to H is their rate, which varies
between 1 pulse per second and ten thousand pulses per second. The IRIG-B
standard operates at 100 pulses per second.

The SMP 16 GPS Clock uses the time information provided by the GPS system to
provide a highly accuracy time source for the substation.

Antenna Mounting Considerations


GPS satellites orbit from 60° North to 60° South. Although the GPS signal covers the
entire earth, satellite density is greater when facing the Equator than the Poles.

For best performances, the antenna should be mounted permanently on a high point
with the broadest possible view of the sky. Getting the maximum number of satellites
in view will ensure the best timing performance from the GPS Clock.

The following positioning guidelines will provide the best performance:

 Choose the best available location with regard to view of the sky. Try to place
the antenna where there is a clear view of the horizon in all directions if possible.

 The GPS coverage is better in the equator direction than in the poles direction. If
there are objects in the antenna line of sight, try to place the antenna with a
clear view of the equator.

 Avoid placing the antenna at the same horizontal level as metallic walls to avoid
signal reflection.

 Do not place the antenna near a noise source such as elevator engines, power
transformers or a transmitting antenna, since the GPS signal received by the
antenna is very low.

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COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

 Avoid placing the antenna where it can be buried in snow or covered by falling
leaves.

As a temporary solution, the antenna can even be placed in a window facing the
equator. However, with the antenna in this position, the GPS Clock module will not
provide optimal timing performance.

Wall Mount Installation

Installing the GPS antenna on a wall is the best way to keep it from getting buried in
the snow. It must be installed so it clears the roof in order to have a 360° clear view
of the horizon. It is also important to remember that the mounting pipe must always
be installed vertically.

Roof Mount Installation

The antenna can be installed on a roof using the mounting bracket for the wall
installation. Here again, the mounting pipe must be installed vertically and the
antenna must have a 360° clear view of the horizon.

Installing the Antenna


This section contains complete installation instructions for the antenna.

Antenna, Cables and Accessories

Different accessories and cables are available for the antenna and the GPS clock
option.

The selection of appropriate cables and accessories depends on the distance between
the location of the SMP 16 and the location where the antenna will be mounted.

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SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

Wiring under 50 Meters Total Length

The POPT-1616 antenna is provided with 25 meters (82 feet) of RG-8 cable, with TNC
connectors installed on each end. The following installation diagram applies to
installations of up to 50 meters (164 feet) in cable length.

BUILDING

SURGE
SUPPRESSOR

ANTENNA
WITH
MOUNTING
BRACKET

Mod. SMP 16/CP


Date 2009/01
Ord.

DANGER

SMP 16/CP OR SMP 16/SG


WITH GPS CLOCK OPTION

Up to 164 ft (50 m) 6.56 ft (2 m)

Wiring between 50 Meters and 150 Meters

The POPT-1615 Signal Amplifier is required if antenna cable length exceeds


50 meters (164 feet). The signal amplifier is provided with 50 cm (19.68 in.) of cable
to place between the suppressor and the amplifier, and should be located as close as
possible to the surge suppressor and antenna.

BUILDING

SIGNAL SURGE
AMPLIFIER SUPPRESSOR

ANTENNA
WITH
MOUNTING
BRACKET

Mod. SMP 16/CP


Date 2009/01
Ord.

DANGER

SMP 16/CP OR SMP 16/SG


WITH GPS CLOCK OPTION

164 ft (50 m) / 492 ft (150 m) 0.5 m (1.64 ft) 6.56 ft (2 m)

Accessories

The SMP GPS Clock option simply requires the addition of an external antenna to
start providing accurate time to the SMP 16. All cables are RG-8, equipped with TNC

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COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

connectors, which is sturdier and easier to install than BNC. RG-8 cable also provides
the smallest attenuation.

Note: A complete installation should also include a surge suppressor to protect the
SMP 16 from transients that result from lightning strikes. A signal amplifier
will also be necessary if the cable run exceeds 50 meters.

The following accessories are available for the SMP 16 GPS Clock:

Accessories

POPT-1616 GPS active antenna.


Active outdoor bullet III antenna with TNC connector, includes 25 m
(82 ft.) of RG-8 cable with TNC connectors at both ends.
Mounting bracket P-POPT-1619 and surge suppressor P-POPT-1613 are
required.

POPT-1619 Mounting bracket for GPS antenna.


Variable angle mounting bracket, includes 30 cm (11.8 in.) length,
1.9 cm (0.75 in.) diameter, 14-thread per 2.54 cm (1 in.) support pole.
Requires a 7/16” hex key and a flat tip screwdriver #6 for installation
(not included).

POPT-1613 Surge suppressor.


Includes 2 m (6.5 ft.) cable with TNC connectors at both ends.
Requires a 3/8” hex key and a ¼” hex screwdriver for installation (not
included).

POPT-1615 20 dB in-line amplifier.


Includes 50 cm (19.7 inch) cable with TNC connectors at both ends.
Required if antenna cable length exceeds 50 m (82 feet).

POPT-1617 RG-8 cable.


Custom length, no connectors included.
Requires crimping tool, minimum length of 1 meter.

POPT-1618 Ratcheting crimp tool for RG-8 cables.


Includes 4 TNC connectors.

POPT-1620 TNC connector.

The POPT-1613 Surge Suppressor is provided with a 6.56 feet (2 meter) cable. This
device is not weather proof and must be installed inside the building. The surge
suppressor must be grounded correctly for proper operation. While this device is not
mandatory, it is highly recommended to protect the SMP 16.

Installation Instructions

A threaded socket at the base of the antenna dome accepts a standard ¾ in.
threaded pipe. The TNC antenna connector is located inside the threaded socket,
which allows the antenna cable to be routed inside the pole and protects the cable
connection for added reliability.

Before proceeding with the installation, read the “Antenna Mounting Considerations”
section, page 2, to find the best location for the antenna.

The POPT-1619 Mounting Bracket can be used to install the GPS antenna
permanently outside a building on a wall, a roof, or a mounting pole.

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SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

Connecting the Antenna to the Cable

Before attaching the GPS antenna to the bracket, connect the cable to the antenna as
follows.

1. Slide the PVC pipe over the coaxial antenna so that it passes through the
pipe.

2. Attach the male TNC connector on the end of the cable to the female TNC
connector on the antenna. Do not over-tighten.

3. Wrap the end of the PVC pipe with Teflon tape.

4. Thread the end of the PVC pipe into the base of the antenna, and
hand­tighten.

Mounting the Antenna Assembly to the Bracket

The mounting bracket features holes designed to accommodate different mounting


configurations, at various angles.

Note: Depending on roof or wall access, you may prefer to begin by attaching
the mounting bracket to the wall, roof, or pole, before attaching the
antenna. Bracket installation is described in the next section.

1. Slip the ends of the U bolt through the two slots on the mounting bracket
stabilizer, so that the stabilizer is nested in the U-bolt.

2. Place the U-bolt and stabilizer over the 4 in. length of PVC pipe to which the
antenna is mounted.

Mounting
bracket PVC pipe Mounting
U-bolt stabilizer ¾ in. × 4 in. bracket

3. Feed the ends of the U-bolt through the appropriate holes on the mounting
bracket, as shown in the illustration. If the mounting surface is not perfectly
horizontal or vertical, select the holes so that the antenna is mounted
vertically.

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COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

4. Place the backing plate over the ends of the U bolt, and thread on the two
¼ inch-20 hex nuts. Tighten the nuts using the 7/16 inch nut driver. Be
careful not to damage the PVC pipe by over-tightening.

Mounting the Bracket to a Flat Surface

The mounting bracket features two holes which may be used to secure it to a flat
surface, using ¼ inch hardware.

5.6
3 in.
0.39 in.

n.
9i
3.1

Screw holes (2) Slots (2) to


for roof or wall slide a clamp
mounting

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SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

Mounting the Bracket to a Pipe

The mounting bracket can also be attached to a pipe up to two inches in diameter by
threading an adjustable clamp through the two slots.

1. Open the worm-drive clamp provided with the mounting bracket and insert
the free end into one of the slots in the bracket. Feed it back out through
the other slot.

2. Position the mounting bracket on the mast or pipe and re-insert the free end
of the clamp into the adjusting screw.

3. Tighten the clamp.

Connecting the Antenna to the SMP 16


A 25-meter RG-8 coaxial cable is provided, along with its connectors. Custom length
cables can also be shipped. In that case, a crimping tool and connectors must be
used to assemble the cables.

The best performance of the SMP 16 GPS Clock is achieved with the recommended
RG-8 coaxial cabling, used according to the following guidelines.

 The surge protection device should be placed inside the building and have the
shortest cable length to the antenna.

 The surge suppressor must be grounded.

 Cable length should not exceed 164 feet (50 meters) without using a signal
amplifier.

 Cable length should not exceed 492 feet (150 meters) even when using a signal
amplifier.

 If a signal amplifier is used, it should be placed directly after the surge


suppressor, using the provided 1.64 feet (50 centimeters) cable.

 The cable should be fastened to the structure as much as possible. Vibrations


tend to degrade the performance of the cable shield over time.

 Never bend the cable more than its minimum bend radius. It would damage the
cable.

 The cable length should be as short as possible to have the minimum possible
attenuation.

 The total cable length must be calculated accurately (within a meter) to calibrate
the software for the propagation delay of the signal in the cable.

Crimping a Connector to the Cable

Note: A ratcheting crimp tool for RG-8 cable (POPT-1618) is required for this
procedure.

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COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

To crimp a TNC connector to RG-8 cable with open ends:

0.728 in.

0.401 in.

0.244 in.

1. Strip cable jacket 0.728 in. (18.5 mm). The cut must be sharp and square.

2. Strip the dielectric 0.401 in. (10.2 mm). Do not cut the braid, or comb it.

3. Strip the conductor 0.244 in. (6.2 mm). Do not cut or nick it.

4. Slide the outer ferrule (provided in the connector kit) onto the cable.

5. Place the contact (provided in the connector kit) on the center conductor so
that it butts against the cable dielectric.

Outer ferrule Cable Braid Dielectric


Contact
(slid over conductor)

6. Crimp the contact in place using the 0.128 die of the crimp tool.

7. Slightly flare the end of the cable braid to facilitate insertion of the inner
ferrule. It is important not to comb the braid.

8. Install the connector body on the cable so that the ferrule on the body slides
under the braid.

9. Push the cable assembly forward until contact snaps into place.

10. Slide the outer ferrule over the braid and up against connector body then
crimp the ferrule in place using the 0.429 die of the crimp tool.

9
SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

Configuring the GPS Receiver using SMP Config


Some settings must be provided at configuration time, to ensure that the time
information collected by the GPS receiver is accurate, but also to enable the
distribution of this information to other substation devices via an IRIG-B signal.

Specifying the Length of the Cable

Each meter of cable adds a certain delay that must be compensated by the SMP 16
software. Therefore, it is important to specify in SMP Config the cable length between
the SMP 16 and the antenna at configuration time, to obtain optimal accuracy at
runtime.

To specify the cable length for the time delay adjustments:

1. Start SMP Manager.

2. From the Tools menu, choose SMP Config.

3. If SMP Config does not automatically open the configuration file of the
SMP 16, open it manually.

4. Under the System branch, select Time, and then select GPS
Synchronization.

5. In the Cable Length cell, type the total length, in meters, of the cable that
links the SMP 16 to the GPS antenna. By default, a 25 m length is specified.

Note: Specifying a precise cable length is essential to get the best accuracy
possible during the synchronization process.

Specifying the IRIG-B Distribution Format

IRIG-B time distribution is the ability, for an SMP 16, to distribute time information
obtained by GPS to substation devices, via an IRIG-B signal.

Setting up IRIG-B is described in the SMP 16 Installation Guide, S1120-13-1, which is


included on the SMP Gateway Software & Tools CD-ROM. However, additional
configuration is required, using SMP Config, when the GPS Clock Option is installed
on the SMP 16.

To specify the IRIG-B distribution format:

1. In SMP Config, under the System branch, select Time, and then IRIG-B
Distribution.

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COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

2. Clear the Forward Input Signal check box.

3. In the Format cell, select the IRIG-B format to which the GPS time
information should be converted.

4. In the Time Zone cell, select the time zone to use for the GPS time
information. Essentially, it should be the time zone of the area where your
substation is located.

5. If required, select Auto Adjust DST to update the GPS time information for
daylight savings.

Verifying the Installation


The quickest and easiest way to verify that the antenna and the GPS receiver work
properly is to look at the SYNC LED on the SMP 16 front panel. The LED states and
the resulting GPS clock statuses are described in the following table.

SYNC LED GPS Clock Status Description

Off Not synchronized There is no synchronization


because the SMP 16 is not
detecting an antenna. No IRIG-B
signal is generated for distribution.

In the SMP Gateway application,


the binary state of
_smp___clockSynchronized is 0.

Amber, blinking Synchronizing The GPS clock is synchronizing. No


every second IRIG-B signal is generated yet for
distribution.

In the SMP Gateway application,


the binary state of
_smp___clockSynchronized is 0.

Green Synchronized The SMP 16 is synchronized and


IRIG-B signal is generated for
distribution.

In the SMP application, the binary


state of
_smp___clockSynchronized is 1.

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SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

SYNC LED GPS Clock Status Description

Amber Free running The SMP 16 is no longer


synchronized by GPS: the SMP 16
internal clock is free-running and is
used to generate timestamps.

IRIG-B signal can be generated for


distribution, based on the time
information provided by the
SMP 16 internal clock.

In the SMP application, the binary


state of
_smp___clockSynchronized is 0.

Red Invalid The source is in error. This state


corresponds to an alarm.

No IRIG-B signal is generated for


distribution.

In the SMP application, the binary


state of
_smp___clockSynchronized is 0.

Using SMP Stats

Another way to verify if the antenna and the GPS receiver were properly configured is
requires the use of the SMP Stats application.

To view GPS clock statistics in SMP Stats:

1. Start SMP Manager.

2. Select the SMP 16 on which the GPS Clock option is installed.

3. From the Tools menu, choose SMP Stats.

4. In SMP Stats, double-click the Systems branch to expand it, double-click


the Internals branch, and then select Clock.

The information you can get from the Clock statistics page is the following:

Section Field(s) Name Description

General Source Status Indicates the status of the time source:


not synchronized, synchronizing,
synchronized, free running or invalid.

A complete description of each status,


along with the corresponding SYNC LED
states is presented in the “Verifying the
Installation” section, page 11.

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COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

Section Field(s) Name Description

Source Type Indicates the type of the source that is


used. In this case, it should be GPS.

IRIG-B Distribution Indicates if IRIG-B distribution is active or


Status not.

GPS Status GPS Status Indicates the detailed status of the GPS
receiver. See the table that follows for
more information.

Latitude, Longitude, Indicate the position of the antenna.


Altitude

Antenna Cable Indicates the configured antenna length, in


Length meters. For more information, see
“Specifying the Length of the Cable”,
page 10.

Satellite(s) In Use Indicates the number of satellites in use by


the GPS receiver. Four satellites are
required to establish the initial position.
Afterwards, only one satellite is required to
keep the synchronization.

Satellite x Signal Indicate the input signal level, in dB, of the


Level 4 satellites displaying the best reception.
The best satellite is indicated first.

IRIG-B Status IRIG-B Status, IRIG- Not used with the GPS receiver.
B Type

Distribution IRIG- Distribution IRIG-B Indicates the synchronization source, when


B Source the IRIG-B is distributed. In this case, it
should be GPS.

Distribution IRIG-B Indicates the IRIG-B distribution signal


Format format, according to the IRIG-B standards.

The following table describes the different GPS statuses.

GPS Status Description

Valid Indicates that GPS reception is fully operational and


that synchronization is valid.

No Antenna Detected Indicates that the antenna is not detected by the


GPS receiver. Verify the antenna wiring and make
sure the antenna is properly connected to the SMP
16.

Note: If a signal amplifier is used, the SMP 16 will


be able to detect any disconnection problem
between the SMP 16 and the amplifier, but not past
the amplifier.

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SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

GPS Status Description

No Satellite Indicates that no satellite is available. Verify the


location of the antenna.

To learn where to install the antenna for optimal


signal reception, see “Antenna Mounting
Considerations”, page 2.

Not enough valid Indicate that the minimum number of satellites


Satellites for Localization required for initial localization (4) has not been
attained.

If the problem persists, change the location of the


antenna. To learn where to install the antenna for
optimal signal reception, see “Considerations”,
page 2.

Survey Mode (X%) Indicates that the initial localization is ongoing. The
percentage of progress is shown between
parentheses.

Synchronizing with UTC Indicates that the GPS receiver is awaiting additional
data before generating UTC time. This status can
last up to 30 minutes, according to the number of
satellites available.

If any other status is displayed, contact Cooper Power Systems’ technical support.

 14
COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE

Specifications
This section presents the various specifications of the SMP 16 GPS Clock option and
its accessories.

General Information

Input Female TNC RF connector for GPS antenna

Output Modulated IRIG-B through BNC connector.


Demodulated IRIG-B through terminal block.
Short-circuit protected.
Demodulated IRIG-B through 16, 32 or 48 serial
communication ports.
0.4 A at 4 VDC
0.4 A at 8 VDC

Accuracy:
Demodulated IRIG-B ±400 ns, worst case
Modulated IRIG-B ±200 µs, worst case

Free-Running Demodulated IRIG-B ±400 μs/hour under constant


Accuracy temperature.

Output Format IRIG-BXX0 IEEE 1344


IRIG-BXX2 (without year)
IRIG-BXX6 (with year)

Antenna

Height: 2.6 in. (66.2 mm)


Diameter: 3.05 in. (77.5 mm)

This waterproof active GPS antenna provides a 35±3 dB gain for the GPS signal of L1
frequency 1575.42 MHz ± 1.023 MHz. It is designed for fixed rooftop installation. The
antenna must be positioned to have a 360° clear view of the sky. The maximum
recommended cable length between the antenna and the GPS receiver is 164 feet
(50 meters). To use a longer cable, an in-line amplifier must be installed on the line
near the antenna.

 15
SMP 16 GPS CLOCK OPTION INSTALLATION GUIDE COOPER POWER SYSTEMS, LLC

Cable and Connector Types

RG-8 Cable
Length:
Up to 164 ft. (50 m) without in-line
amplifier. Up to 492 ft. (150 m) with in-
line amplifier.
Diameter: 0.4 in. (10.2 mm)
Minimum bend radius:
3.94 in. (100 mm)
Cable delay: 3.84 ns/m
TNC Connectors
Length: 1.22 in. (31.2 mm)
Diameter: 0.51 in. (13 mm)

RG-8 coaxial cable is provided with the antenna installation kit. This type of cable was
selected to provide the lower possible attenuation with 50-ohm impedance, and
because of its ease of installation. The cable comes in different standard lengths with
connectors already crimped on it.

The connectors provided with the cables are of the TNC type. TNC connectors are
widely used in the GPS industry and have 50-ohm impedance, like the rest of the
components of our system.

GPS Signal In-line Amplifier

Length: 3.78 in. (96 mm)


Diameter: Approximately 0.79 in. (20 mm)

This in-line amplifier provides a 20±2 dB gain of the GPS signal received from the
antenna. This allows the use of cable lengths between 50 and 150 meters (164 ft and
492 ft).

Surge Suppressor

Length (connectors included): 2.72 in.(69.1 mm)


Width: 1.4 in. (35.7 mm)
Height: 2.82 in. (71.6 mm)

The surge protection device protects the GPS receiver and the in-line amplifier from
surges according to the IEC-61000-4-5 standard for 8/20 µs surges at 20 kV. It must
be installed inside the building since it is not weatherproof. The length of the cable
between this device and the antenna should be as short as possible. For that matter,
Cooper Power Systems provides only a 6.56 feet (2 meters) long cable.

 16

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