Music notation- a visual record of heard or imagined musical sound.

Usually written Rest- indicate silence in music

or printed
Musical clefs- beginning of the music, whether the music will sound high or low
Staff/stave- 5 lines and 4 spaces to organize musical notes
G/Treble clef- note on the second line of the staff is G
Ledger lines- extend our staff either above or below
F/Bass clef- fourth line of the staff is F
Bar line- vertical line placed on the staff
The Grand staff/stave - 2 staff joined together ( treble&bass)
Measure- small segment of music piece, divided by vertical lines
Time signature/meter:
Double bar line – ends a section of the music piece
Top number- how many beats per measure
Final bar line- ends the music piece
Bottom- which note counts as a beat
Repeat bar line- indicates to repeat a section of music (with 2dots or colon)
Lines and spaces of TREBLE clef: higher notes
Musical notes- indicate pitch duration of the pitch in music
LINES – Every Good Boy Does Fine (E G B D F)
Note head- elliptically shaped part of the note
SPACES – F A C E
Note stem- vertical line, directly connected to the note head
Lines and spaces of BASS Clef: lower notes
Note flag- curvy line always on the right side of the note
LINES - GOOD BOY DOES FINE ALWAYS (G B D F A)
Beam- horizontal line, replaced the flags when notes are written consecutively
SPACES - ALL COWS EAT GRASS (A C E G)

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

Characteristics of tone: identified as any type of sound to have a tone, there must be a vibration

Dynamics- loudness or softness

Timbre- tone quality

Duration- length of the tone

Pitch- how high or how low

Melody- actual tune of music

Pitches

pitch names: C D E F G A B
Sofa syllables – do re mi fa so la ti do

Close fist chest level

Hands elevated

Hands open flat

Unlike

Hands paharap

Crawl

Point in mind

Close fist above head

Rhythm- combination 0f long and short sound

Beat- steady recurring pulse

Meter- grouping of beats9measure)

Twos-duple: 1,2 1,2 1,2

Threes- triple 1,2,3

Four- quadruple 1,2,3,4

Beats are broken down into various note values

Whole note - 4 beats - da a a a

Half note – 2 beats - da a

Quarter note – 1 beat - da

Eight note - ½ - di

Sixteen note - ¼ diri

Time signature- appears in the beginning of the music piece after the p signature
2/4 ¾ 4/4

Above-Number of beats per measure

Below-Determines the type of note

Simple meter - 2 background pulse

Compound- 3 background pulse 6/8

Triple ti triple ti

Dotted note- adds the half of the value of the note to itself

Syncopation- rhythm that puts an emphasis on beat or a part of the beat that is not usually emphasized.

Major scale- do re mi fa so la ti do ti la so fa mi re do

Key signature- nagiidentify kung anong key yung kanta

Key of C= G D A E B F# C#

5th line- 1st sharp

Sharp- 5steps up 4 steps down

Music interval- difference in pitch between two sounds

Harmonic int.- play ng sabay (naka align) vertical

Melodic int.- play yung notes ng magkasunod (Unison) horizontal

Scale degrees- C major scale with scale degree and number

Scale degree number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Scale degree name- tonic supertonic mediant subdominant dominant submediant leading tone tonic
Accidentals

Sharp- raises a pitch half step

Flat- lowers a pitch by semitone

Natural- cancels out a sharp or flat

Double sharp- raises a pitch by whole tone/whole step

Double flat- lowers a pitch by whole tone/whole step

C major scale- no sharp and flats

Melody

Diatonic scale

Major scale formula- W-W-H-W-W-W-H (whole step, whole step, ½ step, whole step, whole step, whole step, ½ step)

C MAJOR SCALE ( CDEFGABC )

Whole step – C to D

Whole- D to E

Half- E to F

Whole- F to G

Whole- G to A

Whole- A to B

Half- B to C

G MAJOR SCALE

G A B C D E F# G
D MAJOR SCALE

D E F# G A B C# D

A MAJOR SCALE

A B C# D E F# G# A

E major scale

E F# g# A B c# D# E

Minor scale Formula

Whole – Half – Whole – Whole – Half – Whole – Whole

E minor scale (key of Em) – SAME WITH G MINOR SCALE

E F# G A B C D E

Chords – three or more different notes that sounds simultaneously

Chords using three pitch classes are called TRIADS

FORM – MUSICAL DESIGN

THEME-

Sonata- allegro form, three section

Opera- staged drama sung with orchestral

Overture extended orchestral intro

Aria song for solo and orchestra

Recitative speech likenstyle singing

Call and response – leader sings and audience sings back

Types of form

One part/A - Piece of music consist of only one section

Unitary form

Two part/b - one section followed by completely diff section

Binary form

Three part/a b a- one section followed by completely diff section and then a repeat of the first section

Ternary

Round- two or more voices sing exactly the same melody, but with each voice beginning at diff times

Veerse and chorus- hymns and pop songs use this forms

Texture- relationship of melodies and harmonic elements which produce lightness heaviness, thickness, thinness

Monophonic- single melody without accompaniment or any added part

Homophonic- melody which has a supporting set of chords for harmonic accompaniment

Polyphonic- has 2 or more melodies without supporting chords

Timbre/tone color- distinctive one quality of sound

Human voice- fundamental medium of expression/oldest form of instrument

a. Vocal

soprano- highest female voice

mezzo-soprano- female middle voice

alto- lowest female voice

tenor- highest male voice

baritone- male middle voice

bass- lowest male voice

b. Instruments – classified according to

woodwind- sound is produce by the vibration of a wooden reed FLUTE CLARINET SAXO

brass- sound produced by the vibration of the players lips in a mouthpiece TRUMPET

percussion- TONE PRODUCES BY STRIKING THE INSTRUMENT

PITCHED- DEFINITE PITCH

UNPITCHED- DOES NOT HAVE DEFINITE PITCH

Keyboard- played with a keyboard, have strings inside that create sounds

String- string that vibrate

Hornbostel sachs

Dynamics- volume fo music

Piano soft

Forte – loud

Crescendo- gradually get louder

Descrescendo- get softer

Dynamic signs- Italian and English

Tempo- speed of music

Adagio, allegro, largo, andante,

Harmony- How notes blend together

Consonance- absence of tension or discord in music(harmonizing)

Dissonance- not harmonizing, theres tension

Elements of music

-Rhythm melody harmony form timbre dynamics tempo style