politeknik ungku omar

Department: mekanikal

Module: pneumatik and hydraulic

Assignment ( topic / title ) : reciprocating compressor

Name: Adam Fahmi bin Mohd Jaha

: Mohamad Khairul Helmi bin Mohamed Nadzri

Registration no: 01DKM08F2002

: 01DKM08F2060

Class : DKM5A

Lecture : Miss Ananthi

Date of submission: 23/03/2011

INTRODUCTION

Compressors are machines that compress air or gas. Compression is achieved through the
reduction of the volume that the gas (or air) occupies. As a side effect of the minimization of
volume, the temperature of air or gas increases.

The higher the compression ratio, the higher the temperature tends to rise. However,
compressor manufacturers do take this into consideration. The problem is resolved by
compressing on a per-stage basis and simultaneously cooling the gas.

There are many compressor types. Different compressor types achieve different compression
ratios. Moreover, the horsepower that different compressors can achieve varies from 1 to 2
HP (Horsepower), up to a few thousand HP. Some compressors require oil in order to operate
while others do not.

TYPE OF COMPRESSOR

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Equipped with a crankshaft, which drives the pistons. They are commonly found in versions
that produce 5 to 30 HP. However, larger ones used for industrial purposes can produce up to
1,000 HP.

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

Used for heavy industrial purposes. Centrifugal compressors produce from ~100 HP up to a
few thousand HP. They are usually stationary, and one of their applications is small gas
turbine engines.

ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSOR

Compressors aimed at commercial use. Their horsepower varies from 5 to 500 HP, and they
are usually employed as superchargers in automobile engines.

DIAGONAL COMPRESSOR

Similar to centrifugal compressors except for some technical characteristics.

AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR

are mostly used in large gas-turbine engines.

SCROLL COMPRESSOR

Scroll compressors are not as efficient as rotary screw compressors. They can be found as
superchargers in automotives.

Along with the uses listed above, compressors are used in fields such as jet engines,
refrigeration, medicine manufacturing, SCUBA diving, turbochargers, submarines, and air
conditioning.

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

Reciprocating compressor features.

 Common in 2 through 16 cyclinder configurations.
 Individual step unloading.
 Liquid resistance safety head protection.

Picture of a motor-driven cyclinder reciprocating compressor that can operate

with two,four or six cyclinder.
How the reciprocating compressor work?

The reciprocating compressor work by using a pistons driven by a crankshaft. They can be
either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric
motors or internal combustion engines

How much its capacity for reciprocating compressor?

Capacity for reciprocating processor is divide by two,which large and small reciprocating
processor. Small reciprocating compressor commonly seen in automotive applications for
intermittent duty uses from 5 to 30 housepower ( hp ). Large reciprocating compressor well
over 1000 hp ( 750kW ) are commonly found in Large industrial and petroleum applications.

How much force it can go?

Discharge pressures can range from low pressure to very high pressure and high force can be
conducted (>18000 psi or 180 MPa )

Advantages for reciprocating compressor

1. Efficient at part and full load

2. Instantaneous unloading

3. Simple controls

4. Direct and belt drive ( adjust capacity by speed is belts )

Disadvantages for reciprocating compressor

1. reduced reliability and more frequent maintenance

2. requires frequent maintenance within a short interval (approximately once a year)

because of the many sliding and wearing parts inside

3.  less suitable for continuous and long-term operatio

application example:

 Map out load profile

 Define base load with screw compressor at max efficiency

 Define trip load with reciprocating compressor for max part-load efficiency.

Suitable for?

Reciprocating processor is suitable for automotive applications, large industrial and

petroleum application