CATALINO, ALGOE, & FREDRICKSON 2014

CODEBOOK

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Department of Psychology
 PRIORITIZING POSITIVITY
Catalino, L. I., Algoe, S. B., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2014). Prioritizing positivity: An effective approach to
pursuing happiness? Emotion, 14(6), 1155.
Questionnaire directions: Please complete the following items.
As a reference:

We consider positive emotions to include amusement, awe, excitement, gratitude, hope, interest, joy, love,
pride, serenity, and contentment.

We consider negative emotions to include anger, shame, disinterest, disgust, embarrassment, guilt, hate,
sadness, and fear. 

PRIORITIZING POSITIVITY SCALE

Participants answered the following questions on a scale from “agree strongly” to “disagree strongly”:

5
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
Neither
Disagree Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree Agree Agree
Disagree
Strongly Mostly Somewhat Slightly Slightly Somewhat Mostly Strongly
or Agree

VARIABLE
DATA
NAME
PriPos_item1 A priority for me is experiencing happiness in everyday life.
PriPos_item2 I look for and nurture my positive emotions.
What I decide to do with my time outside of work is influenced by how much I might
PriPos_item3 experience positive emotions.
PriPos_item4 I structure my day to maximize my happiness.
My major decisions in life are influenced by how much I might experience positive
PriPos_item5 emotions.
PriPos_item6 I admire people who make their decisions based on the happiness they will gain.

Scoring:
Take the mean of the 6 items to create a total score.
 VALUING HAPPINESS
Mauss, I. B., Tamir, M., Anderson, C. L., & Savino, N. S. (2011). Can Seeking Happiness Make People
Happy? Paradoxical Effects of Valuing Happiness. Emotion. Advance online publication. doi:
10.1037/a0022010
Directions: For the following items, please use the following scale to rate the degree to which you believe
that the item is characteristic of yourself. 

VALUING EXTREME HAPPINESS

Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

1 7
Strongly 2 3 4 5 6 Strongly
Disagree Agree

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
VEH01 How happy I am at any given moment says a lot about how worthwhile my life is.
VEH02 If I don’t feel happy, maybe there is something wrong with me.
VEH03 I value things in life only to the extent that they influence my personal happiness.
VEH04 I would like to be happier than I generally am.
VEH05 Feeling happy is extremely important to me.
VEH06 I am concerned about my happiness even when I feel happy.
VEH07 To have a meaningful life, I need to feel happy most of the time.

Scoring:
Create one summary score. No items are reverse scored. Simply take the sum of the 7 items to create a total
score.

EMPIRICALLY-DERIVED MINDFULNESS
INVENTORY (CEDMI)
Coffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing
mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1, 235-253.

Directions: For the following items, please use the following scale to rate the degree to which you believe
that the item is characteristic of yourself. 

CAROLINA EMPIRICALLY -DERIVED MINDFULNESS INVENTORY (CEDMI )

Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

1 5
2 3 4
Never or very Very often or
Rarely true Sometimes true Often true
rarely true always true

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
CEDMI_01 When I’m walking, I deliberately notice the sensations of my body moving.
CEDMI_02 I criticize myself for having irrational or inappropriate emotions.
CEDMI_03 When I take a shower or bath, I stay alert to the sensations of water on my body.
CEDMI_04 I tell myself I shouldn’t be feeling the way I’m feeling.
CEDMI_05 I notice how foods and drinks affect my thoughts, bodily sensations, and emotions.
CEDMI_06 I believe some of my thoughts are abnormal or bad and I shouldn’t think that way.
CEDMI_07 I pay attention to sensations, such as the wind in my hair or sun on my face.
CEDMI_08 I make judgments about whether my thoughts are good or bad.
CEDMI_09 I pay attention to sounds, such as clocks ticking, birds chirping, or cars passing.
CEDMI_10 I tell myself that I shouldn’t be thinking the way I’m thinking.
CEDMI_11 I notice the smells and aromas of things.
CEDMI_12 I think some of my emotions are bad or inappropriate and I shouldn’t feel them.
CEDMI_13 I notice visual elements in art or nature, such as colors, shapes, textures, or patterns of
light and shadow.
CEDMI_14 When I have distressing thoughts or images, I judge myself as good or bad, depending
what the thought/image is about.
CEDMI_15 I pay attention to how my emotions affect my thoughts and behavior.
CEDMI_16 I disapprove of myself when I have irrational ideas.
Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

1 2 3 4 5
Almost never Sometimes About half the Most of the time Almost always
(0–10%) (11–35%) time (36–65%) (66–90%) (91–100%)

CEDMI_17 When I’m upset, I become angry with myself for feeling that way.
CEDMI_18 When I’m upset, I become embarrassed for feeling that way.
CEDMI_19 When I’m upset, I feel ashamed for feeling that way.
CEDMI_20 When I’m upset, I feel like I am weak.
CEDMI_21 When I’m upset, I feel guilty for feeling that way.
 CAROLINA EMPIRICALLY -DERIVED MINDFULNESS INVENTORY (CEDMI )

CEDMI_22 When I’m upset, I become irritated with myself for feeling that way.

Carolina Empirically-Derived Mindfulness Inventory - Attention subscale

CEDMI_ATT
Calculated as MEAN(OF CEDMI_01, CEDMI_03, CEDMI_05, CEDMI_07, CEDMI_09,
CEDMI_11, CEDMI_13, CEDMI_15).
Carolina Empirically-Derived Mindfulness Inventory - Acceptance subscale

Calculated as MEAN(OF rev_CEDMI_02, rev_CEDMI_04, rev_CEDMI_06,

CEDMI_ACC
rev_CEDMI_08, rev_CEDMI_10, rev_CEDMI_12, rev_CEDMI_14,
rev_CEDMI_17, rev_CEDMI_18, rev_CEDMI_19, rev_CEDMI_20, rev_CEDMI_21,
rev_CEDMI_22).
Carolina Empirically-Derived Mindfulness Inventory - Total score

Calculated as MEAN(OF CEDMI_01, rev_CEDMI_02, CEDMI_03, rev_CEDMI_04,

CEDMI_TOT CEDMI_05, rev_CEDMI_06, CEDMI_07, rev_CEDMI_08, CEDMI_09,
rev_CEDMI_10, CEDMI_11, rev_CEDMI_12, CEDMI_13, rev_CEDMI_14,
CEDMI_15, rev_CEDMI_16, rev_CEDMI_17, rev_CEDMI_18, rev_CEDMI_19,
rev_CEDMI_20, rev_CEDMI_21, rev_CEDMI_22)

Scoring:
Reverse-score questions 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 17–22, such that indicating “never or very rarely true”
or “almost never” yields higher scores for these items. Use total score to examine global relationships.

Components
Attention: FFMQ observe=questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15.
Acceptance: FFMQ nonjudging=questions 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16.
Acceptance: DERS acceptance=questions 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22.

Items 1-16 are derived from the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; items 17-22 are derived from the
Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale.

CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES -

DEPRESSION (CESD)
Radloff LS, The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied
Psychological Measurement, 1, 1977, pp.385-401.
Directions: Everyone sometimes feels a little down.  In the past week, how often have you experienced each
of the following?  Use the following scale to indicate your response.
 CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES – DEPRESSION (CESD)
Scale seen by participants:
0 = Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)
1 = Some or a little of the time (1-2 days)
2 = Occasionally or a moderate amount of the time (3-4 days)
3 = All of the time (5-7 days)

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
CESD1 I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me.
CESD2 I didn’t feel like eating; I had a poor appetite.
CESD3 I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.
CESD4 I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
CESD5 I felt depressed.
CESD6 I felt like everything I did was an effort.
CESD7 I thought that my life until now had been a failure.
CESD8 I felt afraid.
CESD9 I couldn’t sleep well.
CESD10 I was happy.
CESD11 I talked less than usual.
CESD12 I felt lonely.
CESD13 People were unfriendly.
CESD14 I enjoyed life.
CESD15 I had crying spells.
CESD16 I felt that people disliked me.
CESD17 I couldn’t get going.
CESD18 I felt that I was just as good as other people.
CESD19 I felt hopeful about the future.
CESD20 I felt sad.
CESD Total score
Calculated as MEAN(OF CESD1, CESD2, CESD3, CESD4, CESD5, CESD6, CESD7,
CESD CESD8, CESD9, rev_CESD10,
CESD11, CESD12, CESD13, rev_CESD14, CESD15, CESD16, CESD17, rev_CESD18,
rev_CESD19, CESD20)

Scoring:
The goal is to compute a sum of items #1 through 20. First, reverse-score items 10, 14, 18, & 19. Then, add
all 20 items such that higher numbers reflect greater depressive symptoms in the past week.
 modified DIFFERENTIAL EMOTIONS SCALE
(mDES)
Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions
in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States
on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365-376. doi:10.1037/0022-
3514.84.2.365
Directions: Please think back to how you felt these past TWO WEEKS, and rate how often you experienced
the following emotions.

MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL EMOTIONS SCALE (MDES)

Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

2 4
0 1 3
Some of the Most of the
Not at all Hardly Often
time time

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
DES_AMUS I felt amused, fun-loving, silly.
E
DES_ANGRY I felt angry, irritated, annoyed.
DES_ASHM I felt ashamed, humiliated, disgraced.
DES_AWE I felt awe, wonder, amazement.
DES_SCARE I felt scared, fearful, afraid.
DES_CONT I felt content, serene, peaceful.
DES_DISG I felt disgust, distaste, revulsion.
DES_EMB I felt embarrassed, self-conscious, blushing.
DES_GLAD I felt glad, happy, joyful.
DES_GRATE I felt grateful, appreciative, thankful.
DES_HOPE I felt hopeful, optimistic, encouraged.
DES_INSP I felt inspired, uplifted, elevated.
DES_INTER I felt interested, alert, curious.
DES_LOVE I felt love, closeness, trust.
DES_PROU I felt proud, confident, self-assured.
D
DES_REPEN I felt repentant, guilty, blameworthy.
DES_SAD I felt sad, downhearted, unhappy.
DES_SCORN I felt contemptuous, scornful, disdainful.
DES_STRE I felt stressed, nervous, overwhelmed.
mDES Positive Emotions over past 2 weeks
PE10_2WK Calculated as mean(of des_amuse, des_awe, des_cont, des_glad, des_grate, des_hope,
des_insp, des_inter, des_love, des_proud).
 mDES Negative Emotions over past 2 weeks
NE9_2WK Calculated as mean(of des_angry, des_ashm, des_scare, des_disg, des_emb, des_repen,
des_sad, des_scorn, des_stre).
 EGO RESILIENCY SCALE (ER89)
Block, J. & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and
separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349-361.
Questionnaire directions: Please read each item below and mark the number that best corresponds to the
following scale

EGO RESILIENCY SCALE (ER89)

Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

1 4
2 3
Does not apply at applies very
applies slightly applies somewhat
all strongly

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
ER89_1 I am generous with my friends.
ER89_2 I quickly get over and recover from being startled.
ER89_3 I enjoy dealing with new and unusual situations.
ER89_4 I usually succeed in making a favorable impression on people.
ER89_5 I enjoy trying new foods I have never tasted before.
ER89_6 I am regarded as a very energetic person.
ER89_7 I like to take different paths to familiar places.
ER89_8 I am more curious than most people.
ER89_9 Most of the people I meet are likeable.
ER89_10 I usually think carefully about something before acting.
ER89_11 I like to do new and different things.
ER89_12 My daily life is full of things that keep me interested.
ER89_13 I would be willing to describe myself as a pretty "strong" personality.
ER89_14 I get over my anger at someone reasonably quickly.

EGO RESILIENCE 89
Calculated as mean(OF er89_1, er89_2, er89_3, er89_4, er89_5, er89_6, er89_7, er89_8,
ER_89
er89_9, er89_10, er89_11, er89_12,
er89_13, er89_14)
 ILLNESS SYMPTOMS
Directions: How often have you experienced each of the following symptoms during the past 2 weeks?
Please use the scale below to indicate your response.

ILLNESS SYMPTOMS

Scale seen by participants:

0 8
Not at 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very
all frequently

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
ILL01 headaches
ILL02 coughing or sore throat
ILL03 shortness of breath
ILL04 stiff or sore muscles
ILL05 chest or heart pain
ILL06 faintness or dizziness
ILL07 acne or pimples
ILL08 stomach ache or pain
ILL09 runny or congested nose
ILL10 hot or cold spells
ILL11 numbness or tingling in parts of your body
ILL12 nausea or upset stomach
ILL13 feeling weak in parts of your body

Illness Symptoms total

ILLNESS Calculated as mean(OF ill01, ill02, ill03, ill04, ill05, ill06, ill07, ill08, ill09, ill10, ill11,
ill12, ill13)
 POSITIVE RELATIONS WITH OTHERS
Ryff, C.D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-
being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
Directions: Please complete the following items by selecting a number using the following scale:

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL -BEING

Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

1 3 5
2 4
Strongly Neither agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
disagree or disagree Agree

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
PWB22 Most people see me as loving and affectionate.
PWB23 Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me.
PWB24 I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns.
PWB25 I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members or friends.
PWB26 People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my time with others.
PWB27 I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.
PWB28 I know that I can trust my friends, and they know they can trust me.

Scoring:
Take a mean of the seven items.
 SATISFACTION WITH LIFE SCALE (SWLS)
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71.
Directions: Below are five statements with which you may agree or disagree.  Using the 1-7 scale below,
indicate your agreement with each item.   Please be open and honest with your responding.

SATISFACTION WITH LIFE SCALE (SWLS)

Scale seen by participants:

4
1 3 5 7
2 Neither 6
Strongly Slightly Slightly Strongly
Disagree Agree nor Agree
Disagree Disagree Agree Agree
Disagree

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
SWLS1 In most ways my life is close to ideal.
SWLS2 The conditions of my life are excellent.
SWLS3 I am satisfied with my life.
SWLS4 So far I have gotten the important things I want in life.
SWLS5 If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.

Satisfaction with Life Scale

SWLS
Calculated as mean(OF SWLS1, SWLS2, SWLS3, SWLS4, SWLS5).

Scoring:
Take the mean of these five items to create a total score, with high numbers indicating greater satisfaction
with life.
 SELF-COMPASSION SCALE (SCS)
Neff, K. D. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2,
223-250.
Questionnaire directions: Please read each statement carefully before answering.  To the left of each item,
indicate how often you behave in the stated manner, using the following scale:

SELF -COMPASSION SCALE (SCOMP)

Participants answered the following questions on a scale from “Almost Never” to “Almost Always”:

5
1
2 3 4 Almost
Almost Never
Always

VARIABLE DATA
NAME
SComp01 I’m disapproving and judgmental about my own flaws and inadequacies.
SComp02 When I’m feeling down I tend to obsess and fixate on everything that’s wrong.
SComp03 When things are going badly for me, I see the difficulties as part of life that everyone
goes through.
SComp04 When I think about my inadequacies, it tends to make me feel more separate and cut off
from the rest of the world.
SComp05 I try to be loving towards myself when I’m feeling emotional pain.
SComp06 When I fail at something important to me I become consumed by feelings of inadequacy.
SComp07 When I'm down and out, I remind myself that there are lots of other people in the world
feeling like I am.
SComp08 When times are really difficult, I tend to be tough on myself.
SComp09 When something upsets me I try to keep my emotions in balance.
SComp10 When I feel inadequate in some way, I try to remind myself that feelings of inadequacy are
shared by most people.
SComp11 I’m intolerant and impatient towards those aspects of my personality I don't like.
SComp12 When I’m going through a very hard time, I give myself the caring and tenderness I need.
SComp13 When I’m feeling down, I tend to feel like most other people are probably happier than I
am.
SComp14 When something painful happens I try to take a balanced view of the situation.
SComp15 I try to see my failings as part of the human condition.
SComp16 When I see aspects of myself that I don’t like, I get down on myself.
SComp17 When I fail at something important to me I try to keep things in perspective.
SComp18 When I’m really struggling, I tend to feel like other people must be having an easier time
of it.
SComp19 I’m kind to myself when I’m experiencing suffering.
SComp20 When something upsets me I get carried away with my feelings.
SComp21 I can be a bit cold-hearted towards myself when I'm experiencing suffering.
SComp22 When I'm feeling down I try to approach my feelings with curiosity and openness.
 SELF -COMPASSION SCALE (SCOMP)

SComp23 I’m tolerant of my own flaws and inadequacies.

SComp24 When something painful happens I tend to blow the incident out of proportion.
SComp25 When I fail at something that's important to me, I tend to feel alone in my failure.
SComp26 I try to be understanding and patient towards those aspects of my personality I don't like.

SCS_TOT Self-Compassion Scale Total score

MEAN(OF SCOMP05, SCOMP12, SCOMP19, SCOMP23, SCOMP26, SCOMP03,
SCOMP07, SCOMP10, SCOMP15, SCOMP09, SCOMP14, SCOMP17, SCOMP22,
rev_SCOMP01, rev_SCOMP08, rev_SCOMP11, rev_SCOMP16, rev_SCOMP21,
rev_SCOMP04, rev_SCOMP13, rev_SCOMP18, rev_SCOMP25, rev_SCOMP02,
rev_SCOMP06, rev_SCOMP20, rev_SCOMP24)
 SHORT FLOURISHING MEASURE (SF)
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of
Health and Social Behavior, 43, 207-222.

Keyes, C (2006). The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) for adults.
To flourish means to live within an optimal range of human functioning. It connotes goodness, generativity,
resilience, and growth. Studies show that although few people score high on this measure, those who do
report superior mental and physical health, and fewer missed work days.
Directions: In the past week, how often did you feel…..

SHORT FLOURISHING MEASURE (SF)

Participants answered the following questions based on the following scale

2 3 4
0 1 5
About once a 2-3 times a Almost every
Never Once or twice Every day
week week day

VARIABLE
NAME DATA
SF1 How often did you feel happy?
SF2 How often did you feel interested in life?
SF3 How often did you feel satisfied?
SF4 How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?
SF5 How often did you feel that you belonged to a community/social group?
SF6 How often did you feel that our society is becoming a better place for people?
SF7 How often did you feel that people are basically good?
SF8 How often did you feel that the way our society works makes sense to you?
SF9 How often did you feel that you liked most parts of your personality?
SF10 How often did you feel good at managing the responsibilities of your daily life?
SF11 How often did you feel that you had warm and trusting relationships with others?
How often did you feel that you have experiences that challenge you to grow and become a
SF12 better person?
SF13 How often did you feel confident to think or express your own ideas and opinions?
SF14 How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?

Short Flourishing Measure

FLOURISH Calculated as MEAN(OF SF1, SF2, SF3, SF4, SF5, SF6, SF7, SF8, SF9, SF10, SF11, SF12,
SF13, SF14).
 DEMOGRAPHICS
MALE: Male (yes = 1, no = 0)

DEMrace: Race of participant (1 = White/Caucasian, 2 = Black/African-American, 3 = East Asian (i.e.

Chinese Japanese, Vietnamese), 4 = South Asian (i.e. Indian, Pakistani, Burmese), 5 = American
Indian or Alaskan Native, 6 = Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 7 = Other)

AGE: Age