Anarchism - RationalWiki

11/1/21, 12:41 PM Anarchism - RationalWiki
Anarchism
From RationalWiki
Anarchism is a political philosophy that aims to create a society without

involuntary or coercive political, economic, or social hierarchies to maximize
individual liberty and social equality.[1][2]
Anarchism was historically associated very strongly with the labor union
movement, with many anarchists seeing organized labor as an ideal tool for
overthrowing the twin evils of the state and capitalism. However, the "success" of
the Russian Revolution, the failure or unabashed brutality of several attempted
anarchist revolutions (most notably in Ukraine[3] and Catalonia),[4][5] and the
The anarchy symbol. Fun
general backlash and heavy suppression following a number of high profile
fact: the circle is actually a
assassinations devastated their support amongst the general public.
Capital "O" and together the
symbol stands for the
slogan "Anarchy is Order"
Contents
Smash the state
1 History Anarchism
1.1 Attempts
2 Overview and tactics
2.1 Violence and terrorism
2.2 Pacifism and non-violence
2.3 Mutual aid
3 Anarchist schools of thought
3.1 Classical anarchism It's not anarchy
3.1.1 Individualist anarchism It's anarchism!

3.1.1.1 Mutualism
3.1.1.2 Market anarchism Pyotr Kropotkin
3.1.1.3 Egoist anarchism John Zerzan
3.1.2 Social anarchism Edward Abbey
3.1.2.1 Anarcho-collectivism Emma Goldman
3.1.2.2 Anarcho-syndicalism Vermin Supreme
3.1.2.3 Anarcho-Communism Murray Rothbard
3.2 Contemporary anarchism
3.2.1 Anarcha-feminism Domestic terrorists?
3.2.2 Queer anarchism
3.2.3 Green anarchism The IWW
3.2.4 Anarcho-primitivism Direct action
3.2.5 Insurrectionary anarchism Antifascist Action
3.2.6 Post-left anarchism Freeman on the land
3.2.7 Anarcho-transhumanism Earth Liberation Front
3.2.8 Anarchists-Without-Adjectives Animal Liberation Front
4 Not-Anarchist schools of thought Earth First!
4.1 National anarchism
4.2 Anarcho-fascism‎‎ I'm not a fascist, I like...
4.3 Anarcho-capitalism
5 The Large-Scale Problem Anarcho-capitalism
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Anarchism#Anarcho-communism 1/22
6 Anarchism and law enforcement Anarcho-primitivism

7 Antisemitism among Anarchists
8 Anarchist organizations Actually fascism is cool
8.1 North America
8.1.1 Canada National anarchism
8.1.2 Mexico
v-t-e
8.1.3 United States (https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?
8.2 Europe title=Template:Anarchism&action=edit)
8.3 Australasia
8.4 South America
8.5 Africa
8.6 Allegedly Anarchist
9 Other links
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
History
In 1793, William Godwin published An Inquiry into Political Justice, in
which he presents his view of a free society based on equality and justice,
alongside a critique of the government. Although he never used the term
"anarchism," Godwin is considered the first anarchist and the forebear of
utilitarianism.[6] It would not be until Pierre Joseph-Proudhon published
What is Property? in 1840 that the term "anarchist" was adopted as a self-
description.[7] In 1844, Max Stirner published The Ego and His Own,
giving birth to individualist anarchism.[8]
By the mid-19th century, a series of events shook anarchism. First, in

1857, the French communist Joseph Déjacque coined the term
"libertarianism,"[9][note 1] whose use became widespread in the late 1880s
due to the anti-anarchist laws in the French Third Republic.[10] The second
event was the Paris Commune . In the aftermath of the Franco Prussian
War, a large number of soldiers and members of the public revolted against
the French rule and took over Paris. As can be expected of a government Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the first self-
dealing with rebellion, the French Third Republic cracked down on the labelled anarchist.
rebels hard, culminating in "The Bloody Week" leaving thousands of
Frenchmen dead. The story of the Communards had deep long-term
philosophical effects on the nascent Marxist movement.[11]
Even if justified, violence often breeds more violence. The Communard fiasco arguably led to the third huge event,
or rather, period of events, the Propaganda of the deed era. Anarchists began to bomb and assassinate world
leaders, for the purpose of "inspiring" others to join the anarchist cause. In terms of killing world leaders, they were
surprisingly successful, assassinating quite a few heads of state. In terms of achieving their actual long-term goals
of an anarchist revolution, not so much. The bombings and murders caused the public at large to reject anarchism
out of hand, and for governments of the world to become extremely hostile to anarchist groups.
Simultaneously, the anarchists and Marxists began to split further and further apart, the first great split in the
radical left,[note 2] with the collapse of the International Workingmen's Association in 1876.[12]
From the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, the most successful anarchist ideology was anarcho-
syndicalism . Anarcho-syndicalist organizations like the Industrial Workers of the World and Confederación
Nacional del Trabajo were founded and gained a surprising amount of membership in a relatively short amount
of time and even rebounded from the First Red Scare .[13] However, from the late 1920s to the late 1930s, the
anarcho-syndicalist movement would suffer from splits and suppression, finally collapsing into irrelevancy by the
end of the Second World War.[14]
In the aftermath of the Second World War, the anarchist movement was weakened but would suffer a temporary
revival in the New Left. The rise of the New Right and the appropriation of anarchism by right-wingers, however,
was the most notable event of anarchist history in the second half of the 20th century.[15]
Attempts
There have been several attempts at establishing an anarchist

society. Most of them ultimately did not survive, but anarchists
argue that these movements were crushed by fascists (Catalonia
and, arguably, Korea ) and Soviet communists (Ukraine ,
Kronstadt and Tambov ) rather than being inherently
unworkable. Marxists retort that anarchism's emphasis on the "free
individual" makes fledgling anarchist societies too vulnerable as
they lack the discipline to unite effectively in the face of
opposition, and if they were to be conquered absorbed anyway,
Marxists might as well be the ones doing the conquering.
Nestor Makhno with leaders of the
Other lay explanations for failed anarchist revolutions include an Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of
alleged "inherent lack of organization," but this is somewhat Ukraine.
lacking in both historical and theoretical merit. Anarchist literature
such as Emma Goldman's essay "Anarchism: What It Really
Stands For"[16] makes the case for anarchism on the grounds that it represents order in contrast with the chaos of
capitalism and the warring nation state, while Michael Bakunin's famous boot-maker analogy offers a well-known
(in anarchist circles) defense of qualified expertise:[17]
“ Does it follow that I reject all authority? Far from me such a thought. In the matter of boots, I refer
to the authority of the bootmaker; concerning houses, canals, or railroads, I consult that of the
architect or engineer. For such or such special knowledge I apply to such or such a savant. But I
allow neither the bootmaker nor the architect nor the savant to impose his authority upon me.
”
Anarchists, at least in theory, support an organized society; Emma Goldman even went as far as to argue that
Capitalism isn't organized enough. Historically, as short-lived as most anarchist societies are, they have tended to
exist for a period of time that would be impossible to maintain without at least some level of organization and have
in the past been able to field military forces of a reasonable size organized with delegated 'officers' for a chain of
command. [18] Honorary mention of course goes to the Iron Cross, a less successful anarchist militia consisting of
recently freed convicts -- a terrible plan that turned out exactly as you might think it would.[19]
Overview and tactics

Proponents of Anarchism don't have a consensus on tactics or what is an acceptable means to the end, though there
are some common trends. Some of these are relatively non-violent such as "Direct Action", which include
obstructive sit-ins, labor strikes, workplace occupations, street blockades and hacktivism, along with more violent
approaches such as sabotage, vandalism and destruction of property. The last one, destruction of property, is a bit
of an issue amongst anarchists; Anarchism doesn't really have a strong concept of or respect for private property
rights,[20] and so many anarchists themselves see property damage as a minor issue, whereas almost everyone else
does view property damage as a serious issue, which can result in a lot of bad press coverage and hostility towards
anarchists.[21] Property damage is considered a violent crime in some jurisdictions.[22][23][24] These are known as
diversity of tactics .
Violence and terrorism
“ It is true that the State is not a window, but

neither is it just an abstract concept. Breaking
windows is not a revolutionary act and neither
is any other act if taken out of context and
presented as an abstraction, ignoring the
intentions and strategy of those who break the
windows. The State or Capital or colonialism
cannot be attacked as abstractions. They can
only be attacked in their material forms, their
social relations and their institutions.
”
—Oshipeya, No action is sufficient in itself[25]
In theory, anarchists oppose all forms of coercion, including

violence. But for those anarchists who believed the ends justify
the means, well, let's just say the anarchists of prior centuries
were no pushovers. While anarchists of today tend to be much
less violent than in the past, there are arguments about the role
violence should play in revolutionary actions,[26][27]
particularly considering that any instances of violence does
give the mass media the ability to portray any movement as Washington Times coverage of the 1919 spree of
anarchist bombings in the United States.
more violent than it actually is.[28]
Due to recent events, including the Ferguson protests and the fact that many leaders in the unrest were found
dead years later under suspicious circumstances,[29] the role of violence is a pressing issue. Examples include
Darren Seals found dead in a burning car[30] and Edward Crowfard, subject of a famous photograph, being dead
from an allegedly self-inflicted gun wound.[31] This also ties up with the political rise of the Alt-Right and Antifa,
particularly with the argument of whether it is acceptable to punch people with repugnant views.[32][33]
Terrorism was once a very well known tactic during the propaganda of the deed era, often involving the targeting
the ruling classes themselves and making a big show of it.[34] The Grandmother of all anarchists, Emma Goldman,
endorsed such violence, being involved in assassination attempts and praising actual murderers. But the more
anarchist bombings and assassinations occurred, the more the State clamped down upon Anarchist organizations,
such as the execution and exile of the French communards and violent strike-breaking in the United States, which
led to more violence from anarchist movements, which more state suppression, which led to...[35] The circle of
violence is like that.
Someone wise once said, "If you come at the King you best not miss", and anarchists didn't always miss. Infamous
killings include:
The assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia in March 13, 1881 by the revolutionary group Narodnaya
Volya ;
The assassination of Empress Elizabeth of Austria by Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni in 1898. Interestingly,
Lucheni stabbed her in the heart, but she survived for about a half hour afterwards since her corset and the
weapon itself stopped the bleeding.[36]
The Assassination of William McKinley , the 25th president of the United States, on September 6, 1901,
allowing his more progressive VP Theodore Roosevelt to become president;
The failed assassination of Leopold II of Belgium by Gennaro Rubino in November 15, 1902;
The assassination of the Spanish Prime Minister in August of 1897, and then a few years later the attempted
regicide of King Alfonso XIII on May 31st, 1906, which resulted in 24 bystanders dead and over 100 more
injured
The 1919 United States anarchist bombings which lead to the First Red Scare;
The Lisbon Regicide on February 1, 1908, and the Haymarket-massacre on May 4, 1886, are often
included, but whether the perpetrators were anarchists is debatable.
Many, many more. One can find a number of parallels to what typically comes to mind when people talk
about terrorism...[37]
This... didn't have the desired effect. Murdering a few world leaders neither brought about the collapse of the
hierarchy to be replaced with an egalitarian paradise, nor did it endear anarchism to the masses. By 1887, various
important figures in the anarchist movement rejected this tactic,[38][note 3] but the high profile nature of the attacks
attracted various "lone wolfs" and other attention seekers, which led to more attacks regardless of what the more
intellectually-oriented anarchists wanted.[39] As one would expect after the successful assassination of several
heads of state, many of whom were actually popular with the majority of people, the various governments of the
world cracked down on the anarchist movement, hard. The various governments of the world had broad public
support for what was in effect the 19th century of the PATRIOT ACT, i.e., repression of free speech and the
monitoring of illicit activities such as the Lois scélérates ("villainious laws") in the French Third Republic, or the
criminal syndicalism laws in the US.
Pacifism and non-violence
As violence is a form of coercion, or perhaps having learned from the failure of the "Propaganda of the Deed" era
in terms of gaining public support or achieving an anarchist society, most anarchist groups have ostensibly
renounced violence. However, since many anarchists often view private property as illegitimate, they may not see
property damage as a problem,[40], so what anarchists and non-anarchists consider to be "pacifism" may be
different things.
Regardless, "Pacifism" does not equal "Passive". Many Anarchist groups are based on the principle of direct action
, in which political activists leverage their power (economic, political and even social privilege) to reach certain
goals. Elections are not considered to be direct action per se, except as a way to discredit electoral politics as
political parties betray their constituents in pursuit of ill-thought policies.[41] Examples of direct action includes
striking (labor strikes, rent strike, student strike, prison strike, etc.), squatting, sit-ins, and demonstrations. They
tend to favor community organizing and spurn participating in elections and political parties.[42] Dual power , on
the other hand, seeks to build institutions to confront and eventually replace capitalism including people's
assemblies, cooperatives, credit unions, labor unions and others. Libertarian socialists favor dual power as a way of
building up participatory democracy and challenging both capitalism and the state.[43][44]
Mutual aid
The other common tactic amongst anarchist groups is mutual aid , which is based on voluntary and reciprocal
exchange of resources and services, an idea that is appealing to anarchists.
When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, citizens and a few anarchists founded the Common Ground Collective
and the Common Ground Health Clinic ,[45] with the aid of various other humanitarian organizations such as
Veterans for Peace, to make up for the abysmal lack of government response. It received a lot of volunteer aid from
young whites, something that was noticed by the media at the time.[46]
The loose federation of collectives called Food Not Bombs is another notable mutual aid group which is a
sharing franchise based on freely sharing food with others. The group has particularly involved in controversies
relating to municipal bans on homeless feeding.[47] In Orlando, Florida, volunteers were arrested but the charges
were later dropped.[48] In 2012 FNB provided relief in Long Island after the Superstorm Sandy,[49] and in
November 2014, members were arrested for violating the feeding ban in Fort Lauderdale, Florida,[50] resulting in a
media circus.[51]
In 2017, Puerto Rico was hit by Hurricane Maria[52] and the government was once again beyond useless[53] with
Trump's antics being lambasted[54] and the territory being decimated by austerity policies.[55] In response, an
anarchist group called Mutual Aid Disaster Relief send a team to Puerto Rico[56] to help built a solar-based electric
grid[57], which the local authorities have tried to undermine[58] in favor of natural gas.
Anarchist schools of thought

Anarchism has always differed from Marxism on two points:
To anarchists, the state and class rule are synonymous and a tool of the enforcement of one class's rule over
another, and seek the immediate abolition of the state. Marxists, particularly those inspired by Lenin, believe
that there must exist a transitional state during the revolution until the latter is finalized and then the state
will wither away. This transitional state is called the dictatorship of the proletariat, the process in which the
proletariat seizes the state and harnesses its power to suppress resistance to the socialist revolution.[59]
However, libertarian Marxists criticise Leninists for their support of vanguardism, which would result in a
one-party state. For libertarian Marxists, the dictatorship of the proletariat exists to expand democracy rather
than to implement a minority rule.[60]
While Marxist schools of thought always had a individual founder (Leninism, Trotskyism, Stalinism,
Maoism etc), anarchist schools of thought emerged based on organizational principles or forms of
practise.[61]
Much like Metal and Punk music, it can seem that there's more sub-sub-genres of Anarchism than actual groups,
which makes a certain kind of sense considering how many of those bands claim to be Anarchist. Also much like
Metal, the actual demarcation between some of the sub-sub-genres are often completely arbitrary. More
importantly, many "different schools" are actually just "groups of different people with different goals that they
believe can be achieved through anarchy".
Classical anarchism
Classical anarchism emerged out of the traditions of secular Enlightenment thought, drawing on the political and
moral philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and its heavy focus on notions of freedom, justice, equality and a
utopian vision of the "general will" expressed through the sovereignty of people’s assemblies under direct rather
than representative democracy. It inspired the anarcho-communism spread by Nestor Makhno's Black Army in
Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, and later the anarchist revolutions in Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War.
The results were not pretty . Both of which were ultimately crushed by state socialists/fascists,[62] and it's unclear
whether that was or was not an improvement.
Individualist anarchism
Individualist anarchism is a sub-sect of anarchism that emphasises the individual and their free will over any
dominant groups including the state, religion, society, traditions and ideology.
Mutualism
Mutualism was the anarchist school of thought starting with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , the first to call himself
"anarchist" (though earlier thinkers had ideas much like his). In 1840, he wrote the book What is Property?, a
critique of property-rights ideas that contains the famous declaration "Property is Theft." However, he also stated
that property is freedom, rationalizing it by distinguishing two kinds of property: property earned by labor, which
he stated was justified and essential to liberty, and property earned by coercion, which he stated was unjustified
and would lead not to liberty but to tyranny. By his definition, the State is inherently coercive, ergo illegitimate.
Proudhon advocated mutual banks or a Bank of the People (similar to a credit union) for wage workers and
independent craftsmen (in his time being driven out by mass production) to fund themselves. His mutualism
supported what he called the "anti-capitalist free market", one with cooperative businesses competing and trading,
while having a different conception of property based on the labor theory of value, namely possession, or active
occupancy and use, instead. This definition of property led him to mark the state as illegitimate, along with income
earned through loans, investments, and rent.[63]
Even though it is based on the same theory of value as
communism, it stands alone in the field with its stance on private property. As mutualist Clarence Swartz said:
“ One of the tests of any reform movement with regard to personal liberty is this: Will the movement
prohibit or abolish private property? If it does, it is an enemy of liberty. For one of the most
important criteria of freedom is the right to private property in the products of one's labor. State
Socialists, Communists, Syndicalists and Communist-Anarchists deny private property.
”
Mutualism effectively ceased to exist as an organized movement in the early 20th century but has recently been
revived as sort of a middle position bridging the gap between anarcho-socialist tendencies on the left and the
market anarchism of the libertarian movement, with Kevin Carson as its best-known modern theorist. Many
mutualists support the idea of "possession," that one ceases to own land if one is not actively using it or residing
upon it, thereby skirting around the inevitable issues surrounding private property.[64]
The Mondragon (https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/) corporation is a co-operative in Spain with over

80,000 employees (2012) that presents some idea of how workers can manage their workplaces successfully and
competitively in a capitalist economy. Another example is the John Lewis
(http://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/) chain of department stores in the UK, which had 84,700 employees in
2013. Neither of these two examples had much to do with anarchism, however, as they are hierarchical
cooperatives with substantial pay differentials and managers having the power to hire and fire underlings.
Market anarchism
Also referred as Free market anticapitalism,[65], market anarchism is a school of anarchism that wish to create a
truly "free market" without capitalism and the state, with an economy controlled by worker co-operatives and self-
employed workers competing in a functional market economy. It's inspired by Pierre Joseph-Proudhon's ideas of
mutualism, which espoused a free market controlled by cooperative businesses competing for trade and with a
definition of property based on occupancy and use.[66] A modern branch called left-wing market anarchism has
also risen based on the homestead principle in recent years.[67]
Egoist anarchism
Also known as anarcho-egoism, egoist anarchism is inspired by the ideas of Max Stirner, who argued for a
rejection of all things which limit the individual. He rejected not only the usual anarchist bêtes noires (hierarchies,
the state, capitalism, organized religion, nationalism, etc.), but also conventional morality and values and all
"higher ideals" (such as obligations), seeing them as products of the ruling authorities that existed to uphold their
legitimacy. It was supplanted by social anarchism, but a translation by socialist Benjamin Tucker[68] made the
movement ascendant, and its influence spread to anarcho-communism.[69]
Social anarchism
Social Anarchism or anarcho-socialism is a broad category that distinguishes itself from individualist anarchism
by favoring a communal solution to social problems and favoring a free society that protects individual liberty,
contrasting the individualists' emphasis on personal autonomy and the rational nature of human beings. Of the two,
social anarchism was the more popular and widespread category of classical anarchism.[70]
Anarcho-collectivism
Also known as Collectivist Anarchism, this ideology was begun by the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin .
While naming Proudhon as "the father of us all," he felt mutualism was not a step far enough, particularly as
capitalism and the state had both expanded in the time since. Bakunin was also opposed to religion, declaring that
"the idea of God denies humanity. God being everything, man is nothing," and "if God really existed it would be
necessary to abolish him," turning Voltaire's dictum on its head. More generally, he opposed organized religion
(one of his most notable works being God and the State (1882)), a position held by many anarchists who view the
church as another oppressive hierarchy alongside the state. Bakunin's anarcho-collectivism criticized Marxism as
leadng to a new ruling class party hierarchy while advocating full collective worker management of production, a
doctrine later expanded on by the anarcho-communists and anarcho-syndicalists. The primary difference between
anarcho-collectivism and anarcho-communism is that anarcho-collectivism would preserve wage labor as the
method of distribution of goods while anarcho-communism would seek to abolish money and have free
consumption for all.[71]
Anarcho-syndicalism
Anarcho-syndicalism is an Anarchist tendency of revolutionary syndicalism , which seeks to organize workers in

revolutionary trade unions, federated or not, that would overthrow capitalism, eventually establishing a free society
run through cooperative confederations called syndicates managing the economy in which profits are distributed
amongst the workers.[72] Revolutionary syndicalism is marked by its political neutrality, seeking to unite the
working class without being bogged down in inefficient and often disappointing philosophical debates.[73]
Anarcho-syndicalism takes those aims steps further, organizing the working class in explicit revolutionary politics.
While syndicalists organize workers in the workplace, anarcho-syndicalists organize communities, rent strike and
unemployment organizations as well seeking to abolish the wage system and the state both.[74]
Anarcho-syndicalism has some similarities to De Leonism, with the main difference being that De Leon rejected
anarchism and would have the state re-organized as a "dictatorship of the proletariat" rather than abolished entirely.
In terms of absolute numbers, anarcho-syndicalism has historically been the largest and most politically active
anarchist tendency, particularly in the 1920s and 1930s,[75] during which various anarcho-syndicalist organizations
throughout the world collectively claimed well over ten million active members. Among the various anarchist
traditions, anarcho-syndicalism also has a fair bit of academic prestige associated with it, and in modern times is
associated with western intellectuals such as Norman Spinrad and Noam Chomsky.
Historical of modern anarcho-syndicalism are the CNT and CGT in Spain, CNT in France, and IWW in the USA
— still highly active, though numerically diminished compared to their heyday. The anarcho-syndicalist strategy is
to form workplace resistance groups amongst employees in workplaces controlled by capitalist firms, not to form
cooperatives, although most anarcho-syndicalists would not be hostile to the cooperative idea, seeing it as a useful
complement, especially for blacklisted workers. During the Spanish Civil War, anarcho-syndicalists established
free communes in which production and innovation were reported to have increased fairly dramatically, up to even
50% according to Emma Goldman's memoirs, and were distributed in an egalitarian manner to all. Workers seized
control of the factories, peasants the farmland, free schools were set up to teach in new ways, and universal literacy
began to be achieved. They were eventually undermined by lack of funding due to the hostile Soviet Union
controlling their money supply, attacks by the Stalinist-controlled Spanish Republican government, and finally the
victory of fascist dictator Francisco Franco, supported by many in the West. This was helped by infighting of the
groups on the Republican side, plus lack of support.
Anarcho-Communism
Anarcho-Communism, also known as Libertarian Communism or simply Ancom, is a strand of communism

that seeks to abolish the State and the system of wage labor and money, implementing instead a system of
collective ownership of the means of production through the use and establishment of voluntary associations.[76]
Important figures in the ancom movement were Errico Malatesta of Italy, Nestor Makhno of Ukraine, Alexander
Berkman and Emma Goldman in the United States and Pyotr Kropotkin in Russia. Kropotkin is often seen as the
leading influence in the ancom movement, outlining his economic views in his famous work The Conquest of
Bread (1892) and Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) and his social views in Mutual Aid:A Factor of
Evolution (1902) in which outlined that cooperation was more beneficial than competition.
Anarcho-communism flourished in the Ukrainian Free Territory in which free communes operated under the
protection of Nestor Makhno's Revolutionary Insurrection Army. However the Free Territory would soon come
under attack by the Bolsheviks forces, whom slandered the Makhnovites as anti-semitic and refusing to send food
to the urban centers. This include various assassination attempts on Nestor and the ultimately destruction of the
Free Territory by the Red Army.[77]
Contemporary anarchism
Contemporary anarchism refers to the tendencies that developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and
during the Cold War to the present day. Contemporary anarchism rose from the ashes in the post-WWII world
inspired by the philosophies and social critique of post-modernism, feminism, environmentalism and the neo-
Marxism of the Frankfurt school, all of which have their own critiques of bourgeois society.[78]
Anarcha-feminism
Not a separate tendency per se, this was partly based on the works of Emma Goldman, herself a dedicated feminist
who advocated rights to birth control, abortion, free love, and open relationships along with equality for women in
general long before such issues were considered acceptable to discuss, let alone to enact. Goldman argued
prominently that voting rights for women by themselves would change nothing, that equality had to come along
with a broader social revolution. Anarcha-feminists have followed her reasoning, critiquing sexism as simply
another form of hierarchy (patriarchy or matriarchy here) while struggling for the same goals as other anarchists,
especially devoted to making sure women have the same rights in anarchist movements and the idea of gender
equality receives focus along with the rest. Free love advocacy and women's liberation have a long history within
anarchism, going back to individualist anarchists Ezra Heywood and Moses Harman, whose freethought
periodicals The Word and Lucifer the Light-Bearer were persecuted by Anthony Comstock under the Comstock Act
for their open discussions of birth control and denunciation of marital rape[79]. It continued to be influential
through the writings of Emma Goldman and Ben Reitman, who were also prosecuted under the Comstock Act,
with Reitman sentenced to prison for advocating birth control.[80]
Queer anarchism
Like above, not a seperate tendency but a school of thought that believes queer liberation can only occur through a
social revolution. There are many early writers that advocated socialism and LGBT rights, such as Oscar Wilde[81],
who published in 1891 his most political work The Soul of Man Under Socialism[82]; individualist anarchist Adolf
Brand, who published the first gay magazine Der Eigene from the late 19th century to the rise of Nazi Germany;
and the bisexual anarchist Daniel Guérin.[83]
Today, queer anarchist support for Bash Back! , an anarchist network opposing assimilationism within the LGBT
movement and police brutality.[84][85]
Green anarchism
Green anarchists believe an ecological society living in harmony with the earth is incompatible with either
capitalism or the state. They often look to Kropotkin's communal ideas as a potential model for an ecological
society while also absorbing other influences ranging from individualist anarchism to anarcho-syndicalism to
distributism. Most green anarchism divides between those following Murray Bookchin's Kropotkin-influenced
writings and those who tend more toward Edward Abbey's less well-defined (and probably more libertarian and
individualist anarchist) preference for direct action over theory. This is sometimes portrayed as a divide between
the "garden" or "urban village" model of environmentalism (Bookchin) and the "wilderness" model (Abbey).[86]
The most influential thinker in Green Anarchism was Henry David Thoreau, although the man himself is better
described as a minarchist or libertarian than an actual anarchist.[87] He popularized the phrase "That government is
best which governs least". Thoreau famously gave up on the hustle and bustle of modern living for a year of quiet
solitude at Walden Pond where he could collect his thoughts, advocated for a life of austerity, and his work on civil
disobedience would later influence Gandhi and Dr MLK Jr. At the same time, he was a misanthropic asshole who
hated being around others,[88] which should be obvious in retrospect; people who dedicate much of their life to
criticizing others and whose idea of paradise is the remote wilderness don't tend to be the most social of
individuals.
Anarcho-primitivism
Anarcho-primitivists go even further than green anarchists, viewing civilization itself, from modern labor-saving
technologies to language, as an anti-ecological, hierarchical institution. They advocate the complete abolition of
industry, capitalism, and even agriculture, returning to a hunter-gatherer mode of life which they argue is more
leisurely, free, and in tune with nature. They believe wilderness and wildlife have a right to exist for their own
sake, and therefore, endorse such a lifestyle that they see as least destructive. John Zerzan is probably the most
prominent thinker of the primitivist tendency, although Bob Black also contributes greatly. The methods of how to
achieve this primitive back-to-nature society are contentious. The British anarcho-primitivist magazine Green
Anarchist once praised Unabomber Ted Kaczynski (arguably close to anarcho-primitivism in his views, although
his manifesto was rooted far less in environmental concerns) and the Aum Shinrikyo cult in Japan who released
Sarin gas in the Tokyo subway. Needless to say, most green anarchists and those of other tendencies reject anarcho-
primitivism. As a result, primitivism seems to have broken ties with the whole anarchism movement as well.
Curiously absent is the answer to the question of which of the 7 billion people would have to die to make this
dream a reality; the simple fact is that even if we all went vegetarian, without modern farming practices and all of
the industries that it relies upon such as mining, smelting, manufacturing, power generations, transportation, etc, all
of which require huge groups of people with various specializations working together, we simply could not grow
enough food for everyone. Today Britain has 60 million people, many of them obese, yet when Britain had a more
primitive, medieval system, there were only 2 million, often-starving peasants. However, anarcho-primitivists'
concerns about agriculture are not entirely without reason, with Desert's critiques of how permaculture is
unsustainable[89] now being reality with scientists warning that the UK's farmland has only 100 harvests left in it in
2014[90] and others giving warning of 30-40 years [91] before the soil becomes difficult if not impossible to grow
crops on. However, this comes from only one peer-reviewed study that has had no calculation, prediction, or hard
evidence to support that this is the case as well.[92]
Due to the impossibility to deal with that previous "inconvenience", some AnPrims have gone full collapsitarians,
admitting the likely death and starvation of billions of people as something unavoidable, or even a necessary step
to achieve their primitive utopia. As usual, it's someone else that'll be the one to die, never them. But even if an
apocalypse occurs, there's no reason to believe that everyone will even desire to live in a primitive society. Should
any group become technologically advanced again, with higher populations and industrial output, well, we already
know what happens when primitive societies make contact with a more technologically advanced society.
Insurrectionary anarchism
Insurrectionary anarchism is a recent innovation and seems to be influenced by postmodern philosophy, nihilism,
guerrilla warfare tactics, and anarcho-primitivism with some Kropotkin and Stirner thrown in. It is a murky area
that is difficult to understand for those not already steeped in postmodernism. Insurrectionary anarchists tend to
define themselves in contrast to organizational anarchists such as anarcho-syndicalists. Any form of organization at
all is suspect (conveniently ignoring the fact that Homo sapiens are social and tribal by nature), probably at least
proto-statist if not explicitly so, and deserving of deconstruction through the lens of postmodernism. In practice,
this means that a permanent revolution and never-ending guerrilla insurrection, in the form of ever-shifting affinity
groups that never coalesce into anything permanent, is needed. As to what society could ever hope to accomplish
under such a system, is anybody's guess.
Some notable insurrectionary anarchist literatures include The Coming Insurrection and 'Armed Joy; modern
organizations include the Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei, the now-repressed Iberian Federation of Libertarian Youth,
and many informal groups throughout Greece and other countries.
Post-left anarchism
Post-left anarchism, while preserving many characteristics of left-anarchism (such as opposition to hierarchies and
oppression), abandons the moralistic critiques that left-anarchism employs. Post-left anarchism is often influenced
by either anarcho-primitivists such as Zerzan or at times accelerationism through thinkers like Mark Fisher or Nick
Land, as well as Deleuze. Post-Leftists often share the anti-civilization viewpoints that anarcho-primitivists hold.
Post-left anarchists reject grand narratives that are often used by Marxists (such as dialectical materialism) but
retains many critiques that Marxists made, especially the more unorthodox Marxists like the Situationists.
Post-Leftists vary widely ideologically as they reject rigid ideologies in favor of a "self-theory." For example,
many self-identified Post-Left Anarchists are similar to anarcho-communists, whereas others may be almost
indistinguishable from anarcho-primitivists.
It’s neither a political program nor an ideology. It’s not meant in any way to constitute some sort of faction or sect
within the more general anarchist milieu. It’s in no way an opening to the political right; the right and left have
always had much more in common with each other than either has in common with anarchism. And it’s certainly
not intended as a new commodity in the already crowded marketplace of pseudo-radical ideas. It is simply intended
as a restatement of the most fundamental and important anarchist positions within the context of a disintegrating
international political left.[93]
Anarcho-transhumanism
Anarcho-transhumanism is a recent branch of anarchism that reads too much scifi takes traditional and modern
anarchism, typically drawing from anarcho-syndicalism , left-libertarianism or libertarian socialism and
combines it with transhumanism and post-humanism . Some anarcho-transhumanists might also follow
technogaianism as well. The general idea is that at some point we would be able to uplift ourselves into some
form of "post-" society, though it varies in terms of whether we become cybernetically enhanced ubermensch or
uploading our brains into a world of infinity. If we were to upload our brains into a giant mega-computer where
there were absolutely no limitations of what we could experience or consume, where there are no limits on our
physical abilities, where physical harm and theft are effectively an impossibility, there effectively wouldn't be any
hierarchies possible. Of course, this is all mostly relegated to the theoretical.
Anarchists-Without-Adjectives
Some anarchists consider themselves "anarchists without adjectives", not desiring to follow any one tendency but
claiming to welcome all ideas. "Anarchism without adjectives" was founded as a response to the sectarian
infighting among other schools of anarchist thought and began with the premise that all anarchist tendencies are
equally valid. AWA is seen by some as a modern version of synthesis anarchism which extends to models other
than the three (Syndicalism, Communism and Individualism) that are embraced by standard synthesis anarchists.
"Anarchists without adjectives" generally focus on delegitimizing the state rather than on one particular conception
of an anarchist society, believing that all else will naturally follow and a world without government will likely be a
combination of several forms of anarchist society rather than a single one.
Not-Anarchist schools of thought

National anarchism
See the main article on this topic: National anarchism
In short, National anarchists are a bunch of neo-Nazis who don't think there should be a government protecting
others from themselves. National anarchism seeks the establishment of 'National Autonomous Zones' which would
be "racially pure," "traditional" in terms of gender relations, "pre"-capitalist and ecologically sustainable. Unlike
most other anarchists, including the Anarcho-Primitivists they steal from, national anarchists do not oppose
hierarchy. Instead, they seek a hierarchy that arises "naturally" rather than the current hierarchies of modern
society, i.e., Racialism, with themselves obviously at the top. National anarchists share some common ground with
pan-archists as they argue that 'if you don't like it, you can just leave', join an existing society based on other values
or even start your own. For the most part, national anarchists are despised by other anarchists, provided they have
even heard of them; national anarchism is fringe even compared to anarcho-capitalism. They have a habit of
showing up uninvited to anarchist book fairs, getting run off by angry Antifascist Action affinity groups, and
whining on the Internet about it.
Anarcho-fascism‎‎
...is apparently a thing. The literature behind this idea is basically one crappy pamphlet[94] that was created as an
undergraduate Poly-Sci thesis. As one can probably guess, other books by the author include such classics as
"When Immigrants Become Conflict"[95] and another book extolling the virtues of the alt-right.[96] So far, this is
the fringe of the fringe, and hopefully it remains so.
Anarcho-capitalism
See the main article on this topic: Anarcho-capitalism
Over the centuries, mass protests and the whole "voting" thing have resulted in workplace safety and
environmental regulation. While most people agree that there should be some basic protections and there's debate
as to what those protections should be, there exists a fringe minority who think this is government overreach, and
oppose the possibility of a government being able to mandate rules such as "don't dump toxic waste in our water
supply". Looking for any philosophical cover, they arrived at Anarcho-Capitalism. The idea is that absolutely no
services would be provided by a public entity of any sort, not even the military or law enforcement. Instead, all
such services including the court system would be provided by private contractors, otherwise known as
mercenaries. Obviously, at best this would devolve into a Plutocracy quite quickly, with the winner of all disputes
being "who can pay the mercenary the most", and it wouldn't be long before legal disputes quickly become a farce
such as "This poor person has been illegally living for decades on the land I decided I wanted yesterday, and I can
pay more". More realistically, the mercenaries would quickly realize that if they have the guns and the rich people
have the money, there's no reason the mercenaries can't have both the guns and the money. But simply removing
central government doesn't make a society anarchist; a town run by a priesthood instead of a king, for example, is a
"theocracy", not anarchism. Though not universal, anarchism generally views the current hierarchy of wealth as
inherently oppressive, and most anarchists view lassaiz-faire capitalism to be incompatible with anarchism.[97] [98]
Handing over every government system over to the wealthy is anathema to anarchism, or just about everyone for
that matter. As such, An-Caps have accomplished something incredibly impressive; they proved that it is possible
for anarchists to agree on something.
The term "anarcho-capitalist" is slowly being appropriated by the far-right, following in the ideas of thinkers like
Hans-Hermann Hoppe (who thought having a king is compatible with anarchism, the "king" being someone who
contractually owns all land in a given area). The far-right demographic within the anarcho-capitalist diaspora apply
Hoppe's theories on anarcho-capitalism supported by complex webs of contractual agreements to propose all-White
ethnostates free of "degenerate" behaviour (very pro-freedom).
The Large-Scale Problem

Perhaps the biggest issue facing Anarchism is, well, implementation on the large scale.[99] For almost all of human
history, humans lived in small tribes of 100-200 other people, and when the tribe grew larger, the tribe would split
into two related or allied tribes and the size of the group would be back down to around 100 individuals again.
While these tribes did vary in terms of culture and decision making, the tribes were typically more egalitarian than
the larger settlements that would replace them.[100][note 4] With the rise of agriculture 10-12,000 years ago, small
settlements of several hundred to a thousand people began to form. Paradoxically, the first farmers were typically
much weaker and less healthy than the hunter-gatherers who had come before,[101] and it's actually still a divisive
topic amongst anthropologists as to why early humans made this change, but once made it quickly spread. One
theory? Alcohol.[102]
So why didn't our societies stay egalitarian as the tribe gave way to the city, why do we treat strangers far
differently that we would treat family members or close friends? Why aren't we all just one big super-tribe without
the need for a hierarchy of some form to keep everyone in line? Because humans are neither ants nor
bees[citation NOT needed], and the average human can only maintain around personal 150 relationships. This is
known in Academia as "Dunbar's Number"[103], or on the intertubes as "The Monkeysphere". It should be noted
that the exact size of Dunbar's Number is not a settled fact,[104][105] and the exact size isn't even the point, but
rather that humans can't form a large city-sized close-knit social group, let alone one the size of a globe. Within a
small group, everyone is mentally/emotionally capable of being a closely bonded friend or relative of everyone
else, and there's little issue with equitably sharing or working together for the overall benefit of the tribe.
Outside our own small social groups, other people cease to be "friend" and simply become "other person". As a
result, the formation of factions, rivalries and other "cliques" is unavoidable. Conflict and animosity within these
societies was inevitable, and humans needed a way to resolve disputes, establish some measure of "justice" and
"fairness", maintain a semblance of peace, organize protection, and allow people to get back to dealing with that
whole "not starving to death" thing.
Historically, the solution to these problems were many of the very same hierarchical systems that Anarchists seek
to eliminate. Rudimentary governments formed independently and evolved over time, cultures changed and
adjusted, which created new problems as old problems were dealt with. For all their faults, theocracy, caste
systems, capitalism, socialism and feudalism have all proven themselves capable of the large scale organization
that society requires, with various hierarchical structures and coercion keeping people "productive". Which system
produces the "best" results[note 5] is dependent upon both the environment and technology; one of the brutal
realities in Sociology is that there is no single "ultimate" universally superior system that will always work better
than any other system in every single situation. For example, feudalism, with its caste of military elite, makes sense
in a world where malnutrition is the norm and the tools of war require years of experience to truly be competent,
which is why it evolved independently all the way from Europe to Japan. In the modern world, where there's
enough food for everyone to reach their full genetic height/strength potential and battles are fought with weapons
that can be learned in a matter of days rather than a lifetime, feudalism makes much less sense, and so it fell out of
favor for more egalitarian systems. Democracy only makes sense in a world where basic education and healthcare
is the norm rather than the exception. Even some bigotries which we'd consider anathema today had uncomfortably
valid reasons for existing in the past; our modern attitudes towards sexuality are only possible because we live in a
world with vaccines, paternity tests, antibiotics, and birth control,[106] whereas a world without such things would
have extremely valid reasons to brutally suppress anything other than the nigh-permanent monogamy that marriage
was expected to be.
So far, anarchism has only proven itself capable in small niche applications.[107] On the scale of nations, successful
anarchist "experiments" that demonstrate actual anarchism and the ability to function on a large, national scale
simply do not exist, let alone prove that anarchism is a meaningful improvement over the current, hierarchical
systems, though of course whether this was due to external forces (read: suppression by neighboring states who
saw said communities as a threat) or from inherent flaws is always going to be a point of contention. The
overwhelming majority of anarchist communities "collapsed" back into a hierarchal society quite swiftly, and the
ones with any significant duration were/are made up of relatively like-minded volunteers living within and
depending upon the framework of a larger, non-anarchist society. Most anarchists believe that experimentation will
be necessary to determine what will work best in a post-state world and attempt to put their ideas into practice on
whatever scales they can manage in order to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their envisioned societies.
Anarchism and law enforcement

Anarchist groups that espouse violence have historically clashed with the police,[108] and generally, the police tend
to win those fights. Anarchists subscribe to the idea that A.C.A.B , according to which there's no such thing as
"good cops" because (they believe) the police system itself serves to protect the interests of businesses and capital
over people, and law enforcement has an unavoidable corrupting effect on the people who are a part of it. Police
officers have to enforce all laws, including unjust laws such as anti-homelessness legislation , which in the United
States are used to punish people for "choosing to be homeless"[109][note 6] Historically, this has also included other
laws such as Racial Segregation and the homophobic anti-sodomy laws. While these laws are indicative of the
society that created them, they are enforced by the police. While the reasons why people become police officers
vary, and many do indeed have the laudible goal of "protecting my community", by definition every police officer
is someone who volunteered to commit violence.
Furthermore, American law enforcement has been infiltrated by white supremacists[110] and the Republican Party
is welcoming white supremacists to join the military as well.[111] This is a global phenomenon, and Europe also
has problems with far right nationalists becoming police officers.[112]
However, one needs to understand that such people exist no matter what kind of society you will build, and
believing that assholes will simply not be assholes in your own perfect society involves pathological levels of
denial. This raises a very serious issue in anarchism; no matter how "perfect" your society you will always have
rules and those who refuse to follow them, and someone has to enforce those rules. Who is going to volunteer to be
the equivalent of the police force in an anarchist society? Right now, non-police are still able to volunteer to protect
their communities, such as a neighborhood stalk watch, and one only need glance at the members of those groups
to be absolutely terrified of such a system. One notorious case was that of George Zimmerman, who even the
police force in Florida did not want,[113] and so he became a leader of the local neighborhood stalk watch instead.
Long story short, a Black teenager by the name of Treyvon Martin was minding his own business walking home,
but Zimmerman wanted to be a hero and chased after a possible criminal. It's unclear what happened next as there's
only two people who know that for certain, and one of them is dead, but Zimmerman and Martin were on the
ground in a fight when Zimmerman pulled out his gun and killed Martin. The whole fiasco would eventually lead
to the creation of the BLM movement. Zimmerman's not a unique case, as there's an entire subgroup of people who
obsess over policing and being the "hero" in spite of not being allowed on the force. In other words, the
pathetically low amounts of screening and background checks that are done in a hierarchical society still manage to
keep some of the worst people out. The problem this presents for anarchism (and anyone else calling for police
abolition) is, in the event that the police are replaced with just anyone who volunteers, those volunteers are likely
still to have the George Zimmerman's of the world amongst their ranks.
Additionaly, those "unfair" laws that the police have/had to enforce? They were put in place and removed through
popular demand. If an anarchist society is made up of homophobic racists, nothing prevents them from also
enforcing racial segregation, if not worse. Remember, a group of private citizens attempting to enforce criminal
law without the sanction of the State is called a "Lynch Mob".
Antisemitism among Anarchists
Among well-known proponents of Anarchism, such as Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, antisemitism was an issue. In
1847, in what Proudhon titled "On the Jews",[114] he wrote:
Jews. Write an article against this race that poisons everything by sticking its nose into everything without ever
mixing with any other people. Demand its expulsion from France with the exception of those individuals
married to French women. Abolish synagogues and not admit them to any employment. Demand its expulsion
Finally, pursue the abolition of this religion. It’s not without cause that the Christians called them deicides. The
Jew is the enemy of humankind. They must be sent back to Asia or be exterminated. H. Heine, A. Weill, and
others are nothing but secret spies ; Rothschild, Crémieux, Marx, Fould, wicked, bilious, envious, bitter, etc.
etc. beings who hate us. The Jew must disappear by steel or by fusion or by expulsion. Tolerate the elderly who
no longer have children. Work to be done – What the peoples of the Middle Ages hated instinctively I hate
upon reflection and irrevocably. The hatred of the Jew like the hatred of the English should be our first article
of political faith. Moreover, the abolition of Judaism will come with the abolition of other religions. Begin by
not allocating funds to the clergy and leaving this to religious offerings. – And then, a short while later, abolish
the religion.
This isn't to say that Anarchists are like Nazis, but they surely are able to perpetuate bigotry as well, often
perpetrating antisemitism even beyond the cultural background hatred of Jews at the time by blaming the Jews
specifically for their role in capitalism.[115]
However, in spite of the antisemitism shown by early European anarchists, anarchism was later popular amongst
both secular and religious Jewish communities.[116] Currently, Jewish interest in anarchism has grown due to work
of organizations such as the Treyf Podcast,[117] Jewdas, and the YIVO group.[118] In Israel, there was the
libertarian socialist kibbutz movement.[119]
More importantly, anarchism is made up of people, and people are flawed. There's no reason to believe that
anarchists would be immune to the misogyny/andry, racism, homophobia, or any other form of bigotry that has
plagued societies since before societies existed. Anarchists would argue that a classless society with minimal
inequalities or hierarchies would be inherently less bigoted, but then again, that's what almost everyone believes
about their own proposed system.[note 7]
Anarchist organizations
A layperson may be forgiven for believing that an "anarchist organization" is a contradiction, but this is not the
case. Anarchist organizations ostensibly strive for the maximum amount of direct democracy and accountability of
leadership, though how this actually works in practice will vary.
North America
Canada
Prairie Struggle Organization (http://www.prairiestruggle.org/)

Common Cause (http://linchpin.ca/)
Montreal Anarchist Bookfair (http://www.anarchistbookfair.ca/)
Libertarian Communist Union (http://www.causecommune.net/)
Mexico
Oaxacan Voices Constructing Autonomy and Freedom (http://vocal.saltoscuanticos.org/)

Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) (http://ezln.org.mx/)
United States
Anarchist Black Cross Federation (http://www.abcf.net/)

Black Rose Anarchist Federation (http://www.blackrosefed.org/)
Workers Solidarity Alliance (http://workersolidarity.org/)
Humboldt Grassroots (http://www.humboldtgrassroots.com/) California
Indigenous Anarchist Federation (https://iaf-fai.org//)
Europe
Federation of Anarchists in Bulgaria (http://anarchy.bg/)

Network of Anarcho-Syndicalists (http://masa-hr.org) Croatia
Anarchist Federation (http://www.csaf.cz/) Czech & Slovak
Libertarian Socialists (http://libsoc.dk/) Denmark
Libertarian Alternative (http://www.alternativelibertaire.org/) France, Belgium
CNT-F (http://cnt-ait.info/) France
Anarchist Federation (http://www.federation-anarchiste.org/) France, Belgium and Switzerland
FAU (http://www.fau.org/) Germany
Federation of German Anarchists (http://fda-ifa.org/) Germany and Switzerland
Workers Solidarity Movement (http://www.wsm.ie/) Ireland
Anarchist Communist Federation (http://www.fdca.it/) Italy
Italian Anarchist Federation (http://federazioneanarchica.org/)
USI (http://www.usi-ait.org/) Italy
Counter-power (http://motmakt.no/) Norway
NSF (http://www.nsf-iaa.org/) Norway
ZSP (http://zsp.net.pl/) Poland
AIT-SP (http://ait-sp.blogspot.com/) Portugal
KRAS (http://www.aitrus.info/) Russia
ASI-MUR (http://www.inicijativa.org/) Serbia
PA (http://www.priamaakcia.sk/) Slovakia
Federation of Anarchist Organizing (http://www.a-federacija.org/) Slovenia
CGT (http://www.cgt.org.es/) Spain
CNT-AIT (http://cnt.es/) Spain
Workers Solidarity (http://www.solidaridadobrera.org/) Spain
Iberian Anarchist Federation (http://www.nodo50.org/fai-ifa/) Spain and Portugal
Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation (http://www.suf.cc/) Sweden
Central Organisation of the Workers (https://www.sac.se/) Sweden
Libertarian Action Winterthur (http://libertaere-aktion.ch/) Switzerland
Anarchist Federation (http://www.afed.org.uk/) UK
Solidarity Federation (http://www.solfed.org.uk/) UK
Australasia
ASF (http://asf-iwa.org.au/) Australia
South America
FORA (http://www.fora-ait.com.ar/) Argentina

Libertarian Federation (http://www.federacionlibertaria.org/) Argentina
Anarchist Federation of Rio de Jeneiro (http://www.farj.org/)
Anarchist Chasqui (http://chasquianarquista.blogspot.com/) Ecuador
Youth Convergence Clasista "Children's Village" (http://www.hijosdelpuebloec.blogspot.com/) Ecuador

Gaúcha Anarchist Federation (https://federacaoanarquistagaucha.wordpress.com/) Brazil
Libertarian Communist Federation (http://periodico-solidaridad.blogspot.com/) Chile
Torch Libertarian Group (http://antorchalibertaria.blogspot.com/) Colombia
Libertarian Group Go Free (http://grupolibertariovialibre.blogspot.com/) Colombia
Línea Anarcho-Communists (http://www.lac-arg.com/) Argentina
Uruguay Anarchist Federation (http://federacionanarquistauruguaya.com.uy/)
Libertarian Socialist Anarchist Organization (http://www.anarquismosp.org/) Brazil
Libertarian Socialist Organization (http://periodicorojoynegro.blogspot.com/) Uruguay
Popular Mateo Kramer Libertarian Network (http://www.redlibertariapmk.org/) Colombia
Libertarian Socialist Union (http://uslperu.blogspot.com/) Peru
Africa
Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front (http://www.zabalaza.net/) South Africa
Awareness League (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awareness_League) Nigeria
Allegedly Anarchist
Rojava (or North Syria Federation) is a region of Syria mostly controlled by Kurds and allied fighters.
Since Rojava has some vague Anarcho-Communist influences to it, not to mention the Kurds being the
"good guys" when compared to ISIS (not that that's a difficult accomplishment), many Anarchist groups
have tried to claim the Kurds as one of their own. The reality is that the Kurds' goal is Kurdistan, not
anarchism.. The region has compulsory military service, a state and local governance structure, good
relations/direct military cooperation with other governments, and for all the progress made there still are
various patriarchal, Capitalist, or ethno-nationalist structures in the region, things which are antithetical to an
Anarchist society.[120] That isn't to say Rojava has just as strict a hierarchal structure as your typical Mid-
east dictatorship, but it's a far cry from a true Anarchist experiment.
Other links
The Anarchist FAQ (https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/the-anarchist-faq-editorial-collective-an-anarchist-
faq)
See also
Anarchy
Libertarianism
Mobocracy
Socialism
Notes
1. originally used by anarcho-communists to distinguish anarcho-communism from tendencies like Mutualism
2. the second great split was the one between the pro-Bolshevisk and anti-Bolshevisk factions after the Russian Revolution
3. Though notably not Emma Goldman, who is still influential in anarchist thought today
4. This is actually the main argument made by Anarcho-Primitivists, although they tend to exaggerate the actual level of
equality, and ignore that every tribe was more or less in a constant state of warfare with rivals over territory
5. Assuming we can agree on what the "best" outcome even is, of course
6. There's a cruel but valid reason for these laws. The begging and petty crime chases tourists away from the local
businesses, which shuts down the local economy and causes even more homelessness. Cities have to make the choice
between chasing away the most needy members of society or facing even more hardships for everyone. In theory, it's
actually far cheaper and simpler to just house the homeless, but in a federation of multiple countries with open borders
between then, i.e. the US, if one state paid for free housing the other states would only have to pay for the bus fare to that
state.
7. E.g., Libertarian-Capitalists will respond that the Free Market rewards firms who serve the most people and hire the best
workers, so a true Free Market would eliminate racism by itself. Theocrats will argue how their scripture will eliminate
racism because if everyone was religious they would Love Thy Neighbor and all. Fascists would argue that racism will
cease to exist once there are no longer any lesser races.
References
property)
1. Craig, Edward, ed (2005). The Shorter Routledge 21. Hong Kong protests turn violent
Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISBN 978-0-415-32495-3. (https://nationalpost.com/news/hong-kong-protest-against-
2. Anarchism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy quarantine-facilities-turns-violent); Ferguson: calmer scenes
(https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anarchism/) after night of violence (https://www.theguardian.com/us-
3. Revolutionary Ukraine news/live/2014/nov/25/ferguson-protests-turn-violent-after-
(http://www.nestormakhno.info/english/revukr.htm), The grand-jury-verdict-live-updates); Is it OK for protestors to
Nestor Makhno Archive damage property? (https://www.theguardian.com/us-
4. The Catalan anarchist revolutionaries were immortalized by news/live/2014/nov/25/ferguson-protests-turn-violent-after-
George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia grand-jury-verdict-live-updates)
(https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/may/06/george- 22. 18 U.S. Code § 16 - Crime of violence defined.
orwell-homage-to-catalonia-account-spanish-civil-war- (https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/16) Legal
wrong). Information Institute. Cornell Law School.
5. ...who had in turn been reading the book The Spanish Cockpit 23. Braudo, Serge. DICTIONNAIRE DU DROIT PRIVÉ.
(https://orwellsociety.com/the-spanish-cockpit/), another (https://www.dictionnaire-
eyewitness account about the massacres going on at the hands juridique.com/definition/violence.php#:~:text=D%C3%A9finit
of angry mobs ion%20de%20Violence&text=La%20violence%20au%20sens
6. William Godwin in the Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy %20du,personne%20ou%20pour%20ses%20biens)
(https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/godwin/) 24. Violence. (https://www.juritravail.com/lexique/Violence.html)
7. Pierre Joseph-Proudhon and anarchism Juritravail.
(http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/proudhon/gra 25. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/harsha-walia-10-points-
hamproudhon.html) on-the-black-bloc
8. Max Stirner in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 26. Anarchism and Violence
(https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/max-stirner/) (https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/l-s-bevington-
9. Joseph Dejacque on the human being male and female anarchism-and-violence), 1896 by L S Bevinton
(https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/joseph-dejacque-on-the- 27. Correspondence about revolutionary strategy
human-being-male-and-female) (https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/a-few-rioters-and-after-
10. The Week Online interviews Noam Chomsky we-have-burnt-everything), 2009
(https://archive.vn/20130113110804/http://www.zmag.org/zsp 28. Reporters flock to burning DC garbage can
ace/commentaries/1137) (https://www.washingtonian.com/2017/01/20/searching-
11. The Paris Commune, a 140 years later metaphor-reporters-flock-burning-dc-garbage-can/)
(https://www.marxist.com/paris-commune-140th- 29. Death of six activists tied to Ferguson protests alarm activists
anniversary.htm) (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/puzzling-number-
12. First International in the Encyclopedia Britannica men-tied-ferguson-protests-have-died-n984261)
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/First-International) 30. Ferguson protestor, Darren Seals, found dead in a burning car
13. They didn't suppress the Wobblies (https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/ferguson-protest-leader-
(https://libcom.org/history/they-didnt-suppress-wobblies-fred- darren-seals-found-shot-dead-inside-burning-car-
thompson) news.23986.html)
14. The collapse of the Wobblies (https://books.google.pt/books? 31. Edward Crowford found dead in an apparent suicide
id=FY5A1RG6OVgC&pg=PA166&redir_esc=y#v=onepage& (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tamerragriffin/the-
q&f=false) man-from-ferguson-iconic-protest-photo-has-died)
15. Demanding the Impossible: A history of Anarchism by Peter 32. Is it Ok to punch a nazi?
Marshall, Chapter 36: The New Right and Anarcho-Capitalism (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/richard-
(http://www.spunk.org/library/otherpol/critique/sp000051.txt) spencer-punched-attack.html)
16. https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/goldman/pdfs/EmmaGoldman_ANARCHISM_WHATITREALLYSTANDSFOR.pdf
33. What are the ethics of punching a nazi
17. Bakunin's bootmaker (https://libcom.org/library/bakunins- (https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-
bootmaker). Libcom.org flapping/2017/jan/31/the-punch-a-nazi-meme-what-are-the-
18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durruti_Column ethics-of-punching-nazis)
19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Column# 34. Action as propaganda by Johann Most
20. the anarchist case against private property (http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/most/a
(https://mises.org/library/anarchist-case-against-private- ctionprop.html)
35. The Day Wall Street Exploded excerpt 55. Naomi Klein on Puerto Rico, austerity and the left
(https://books.google.pt/books? (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/08/naomi-
id=YDxnDAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA44&redir_esc=y#v= klein-interview-puerto-rico-the-battle-for-paradise?
onepage&q&f=false) CMP=twt_gu)
36. See the Wikipedia article on Empress Elisabeth of Austria § 56. (Solar) Power to the People
Assassination. (https://mutualaiddisasterrelief.org/solar-power-to-the-people/)
37. Anarchism, Terrorism Studies, and Islamism 57. Anarchist groups in rural Puerto Rico help reboot the power
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23269995.2010 grid (https://boingboing.net/2018/09/13/better-than-
.10707857) bounty.html)
38. "Violence as a Social Factor," (1895) by Errico Malatesta 58. Officials in Puerto Rico are undermining a rooftop solar
(https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta- movement (https://theintercept.com/2020/02/09/puerto-rico-
violence-as-a-social-factor) energy-electricity-solar-natural-gas/)
39. What we forget from Anarchists, The Graniaud 59. Dictatorship of the proletariat by Encyclopedia Britannica
(https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/02/in- (https://www.britannica.com/topic/dictatorship-of-the-
the-end-we-forget-the-anarchists-bombers-and-lone-wolves- proletariat)
but-the-hysteria-they-provoke-stays-with-us) 60. "Democracy and Dictatorship" by Rose Luxemburg
40. Direct Action by Voltairine de Cleyre (https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1918/russian-
(http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/cleyre/ revolution/ch08.htm)
direct.html) 61. Anarchism by David Graeber and Andrej Grubacic
41. Anarchism: Voting (http://www.infoshop.org/voting/) (https://web.archive.org/web/20080317082822/http://www.zm
42. Why direct action ag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=41&ItemID=4796)
(https://www.directactioneverywhere.com/why-direct-action) 62. What types of anarchism are there?
43. Dual Power (http://afed.org.uk/wp- (https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103313/http://www.inf
content/uploads/2015/01/A-SHORT-INTRODUCTION-TO- oshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionA3)
ANARCHIST-COMMUNISM-online-version.pdf) 63. "What is Property"
44. Waging non-violence (https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/proudh
(https://wagingnonviolence.org/2014/07/art-after-occupy/) on/property/index.htm) from the Marxist Internet Archive
45. Anarchists providing medical aid in New Orleans 64. "A look at mutualism"
(https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php? (https://markstoval.wordpress.com/2013/05/07/a-look-at-
storyId=4860770) mutualism/) - Mark Stoval
46. Common Ground volunteers bridge racial divide 65. Free market anticapitalism, the unknown ideal
(https://web.archive.org/web/20060522042546/http://www.ne (https://web.archive.org/web/20120509201621/http://www.the
worleanscitybusiness.com/viewStory.cfm?recID=15321) americanconservative.com/blog/libertarian-left/)
47. Food Not Bombs say they will not let authorities stop them 66. "What Is Property?'" from the Marxist Archives
from feeding the homeless (https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/proudh
(https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/food-not-bombs- on/property/index.htm)
activists-say-cops-dont-want-them-to-give-vegan-food-to- 67. Markets, Not Capitalism (https://fee.org/articles/markets-not-
homeless-6451496) capitalism/)
48. Charges dropped against Orlando Food Not Bombs arrestees 68. State Socialism and Anarchism (1886)
(https://web.archive.org/web/20120222204653/http://www.cfn (http://www.panarchy.org/tucker/state.socialism.html)
ews13.com/article/news/2011/august/297870/Charges- 69. Communist society
dropped-against-Orlando-Food-Not-Bombs-arrestees) (https://web.archive.org/web/20081228054533/http://home.tel
49. Food Not Bombs provides relief to Long Island eport.com/~rasputin/RTBGreedy-v1_2_5-
(https://longislandreport.org/multimedia/food-not-bombs- en.htm#V._COMMUNIST_SOCIETY)
provides-sandy-relief-to-long-island/16744) 70. What types of anarchism are there?
50. Eight protestors arrested for trying to meet city official over (https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103313/http://www.inf
homeless laws oshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionA3)
(https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/eight-protesters- 71. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/afaq-a
arrested-for-trying-to-meet-with-city-officials-over-homeless- 72. Syndicalism - an introduction
laws-one-is-hunger-striking-6442932) (http://libcom.org/library/syndicalism-introduction)
51. More homeless feeding attack amid national backlash 73. Syndicalism - What Is It?
(https://www.local10.com/news/2014/11/09/more-homeless- (http://libcom.org/library/syndicalism-what-it), by Gaylord
feeding-arrests-in-ft-lauderdale-amid-national-backlash/) Wilshire, May 1913
52. Puerto Rico's Hurricane Maria death toll could exceed 4,000 74. Fighting for Ourselves
according to new study (http://libcom.org/files/Fighting%20For%20Ourselves.pdf)
(https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/us/puerto-rico-deaths- 75. Consider Wikipedia's category of prominent anarcho-
hurricane.html) syndicalists (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anarcho-
53. Ten months without power: Puerto Ricans still without syndicalists), most of whom were born after the Civil War and
electricity died sometime after the Second World War
(https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/08/puerto-rico- 76. Anarchist Communism - An Introduction
hurricane-maria-electricity-ten-months?CMP=share_btn_tw) (http://libcom.org/thought/anarchist-communism-an-
54. Trump throws paper towels into crowd in Puerto Rico introduction)
(https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2017/oct/04/trump 77. Nestor Makhno - Timeline of biography archived
-throws-paper-towels-into-crowd-in-puerto-rico-video) (https://web.archive.org/web/20080602015840/http://recollecti
onbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/Makhno/MakhnoFromBleed 101. How Farming Changed the Human Body Forever, Business
.htm) Insider (https://www.businessinsider.com/farming-changed-
78. Contrasting classical and contemporary anarchism the-human-body-forever-2015-2)
(https://libcom.org/library/contrasting-classical-anarchism- 102. Did thirst for beer spark Civilization? The Independent
anarchism-after-1945) (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/did-thirst-
79. McElroy, Wendy: XXX: A Woman's Right to Pornography, St. beer-spark-civilization-1869187.html)
Martin's Press, 1997 103. Why we can only maintain 150 relationships, BBC
80. PBS American Experience, People & Events: Ben Reitman (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191001-dunbars-
(1879-1942) number-why-we-can-only-maintain-150-relationships)
(http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldman/peopleevents/p_reit 104. Dunbar's number deconstructed
man.html) (https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0158
81. The Soul of Man Under...Anarchism )
(http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/kristian-williams-the- 105. Dunbar's Debunked
soul-of-man-under-anarchism) (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/11/science/dunbars-
82. Soul of Man Under Socialism (https://libcom.org/library/soul- number-debunked.html)
of-man-under-socialism-oscar-wilde), full transcript 106. [www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-and-
83. For a dialectic of homosexuality and revolution sexual-revolution The Pill and the Sexual Revolution, PBS]
(https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-berry-for-a- 107. The pipe dream of anarcho-populism
dialectic-of-homosexuality-and-revolution) (https://evonomics.com/the-pipe-dream-of-anarcho-populism/)
84. Bash Back! makes a point at Gay Pride 108. Anarchists clash with police in Greece
(http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ART (https://sputniknews.com/europe/201805121064382099-
ICLE.php?AID=18827) greece-athens-anarchists-clashes-police/)
85. Be Gay Do Crimes - An Introduction 109. Criminalization of homelessness in US cities
(https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mary-nardini-gang-be- (http://www.nationalhomeless.org/publications/crimreport/rep
gay-do-crime#toc10) ort.pdf)
86. Bookchin, Murray and Foreman, Dave: Defending the Earth: 110. even the FBI thinks police has links to white supremacists
A Dialogue Between Murray Bookchin and Dave Foreman, (https://theintercept.com/2018/11/05/new-york-times-police-
South End Press, 1991 white-supremacy/); How US law enforcement is failing to
87. Goldman, Thoreau, and the Anarchists, Jstor police itself (https://www.theguardian.com/us-
(https://www.jstor.org/stable/23402731) news/2019/dec/13/how-us-law-enforcement-is-failing-to-
88. from The New Yorker police-itself); Report connects hundreds of law enforcement
(https://web.archive.org/web/20151019170355/http://www.ne officers to online hate groups
wyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/19/pond-scum) (https://www.kpbs.org/news/2019/jun/18/report-connects-
89. http://readdesert.org hundreds-law-enforcement-officers-/)
90. https://www.fwi.co.uk/news/only-100-harvests-left-in-uk- 111. GOP-controlled Senate deleted "white nationalist" from plan
farm-soils-scientists-warn to screen military recruits
91. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/oct/24/uk-30- (https://www.salon.com/2019/12/20/senate-gop-apparently-
40-years-away-eradication-soil-fertility-warns-michael-gove deleted-white-nationalist-from-plan-to-screen-military-
92. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24232291-100-the- recruits/)
idea-that-there-are-only-100-harvests-left-is-just-a-fantasy/ 112. Germany to investigate their police force
93. Jason McQuinn (10 december 2009). "Post-Left Anarchy, (https://www.npr.org/2020/12/10/943823021/with-far-right-
Leaving the Left Behind" extremism-on-the-rise-germany-investigates-its-police)
(https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/jason-mcquinn-post-left- 113. Zimmerman's interest in police work allowed in trial
anarchy-leaving-the-left-behind). The Anarchist Library. (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/03/geor
Retrieved 9 april 2021. ge-zimmerman-trayvon-martin-trial/2485825/)
94. "Anarcho-Fascism" by Jonas Nilsson, Goodreads 114. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/proudho
(https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36266928-anarcho- 115. Nancy L. Green:
Socialist Antisemitism, Defense Of A
fascism) Bourgeois Jew And Discovery Of The Jewish Proletariat
95. "När migration blir konflikt" by Jonas Nilsson, Goodreads 116. Jewish participation in the Anarchist movement in the Russian
(https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/48850093-n-r- Empire
migration-blir-konflikt---politisk-gruppdynamik) (https://web.archive.org/web/20071008123002/http://makhno.r
96. "Att förstå alternativhögern" by Jonas Nilsson, Goodreads u:7520/lit/vek_voli/3.php) (in Russian)
(https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36861262-att-f-rst- 117. Treyf Podcast (https://www.treyfpodcast.com/)
alternativh-gern) 118. A YIVO conference finds new audience for Yiddish anarchism
97. Anarchy 101 (http://anarchy101.org/4521/why-are-anarchists- (https://www.jta.org/2019/01/22/culture/a-yivo-conference-
anti-capitalist) finds-a-new-audience-for-yiddish-anarchism)
98. Are anarcho-capitalists anarchists? 119. Personal Influences interview with Noam Chomsky
(http://www.spunk.org/texts/intro/faq/sp001547/secF1.html) (https://chomsky.info/reader01/)
99. The problem of scale in anarchism, Aurora Apolito 120. The Libertarian Myth of Rojava, Al Jazeera
(https://www.its.caltech.edu/~matilde/ScaleAnarchy.pdf) (https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/8/5/rojava-a-
100. Early men and women were equal libertarian-myth-under-scrutiny)
(https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/14/early-
men-women-equal-scientists)
Retrieved from "https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism&oldid=2376310"

Category: Anarchism
This page was last modified on 26 October 2021, at 20:48.

Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all content licensed as indicated by RationalWiki:Copyrights.
For concerns on copyright infringement please see: RationalWiki:Copyright violations

Anarchism - RationalWiki

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anarchism - RationalWiki

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

11/1/21, 12:41 PM Anarchism - RationalWiki

Anarchism is a political philosophy that aims to create a society without

3.1.1 Individualist anarchism It's anarchism!

6 Anarchism and law enforcement Anarcho-primitivism

By the mid-19th century, a series of events shook anarchism. First, in

There have been several attempts at establishing an anarchist

Overview and tactics

Violence and terrorism

“ It is true that the State is not a window, but

In theory, anarchists oppose all forms of coercion, including

Pacifism and non-violence

Anarchist schools of thought

The Mondragon (https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/) corporation is a co-operative in Spain with over

Anarcho-syndicalism is an Anarchist tendency of revolutionary syndicalism , which seeks to organize workers in

Anarcho-Communism, also known as Libertarian Communism or simply Ancom, is a strand of communism

Not-Anarchist schools of thought

See the main article on this topic: National anarchism

See the main article on this topic: Anarcho-capitalism

The Large-Scale Problem

Anarchism and law enforcement

Antisemitism among Anarchists

Prairie Struggle Organization (http://www.prairiestruggle.org/)

Oaxacan Voices Constructing Autonomy and Freedom (http://vocal.saltoscuanticos.org/)

Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) (http://ezln.org.mx/)

Anarchist Black Cross Federation (http://www.abcf.net/)

Federation of Anarchists in Bulgaria (http://anarchy.bg/)

FORA (http://www.fora-ait.com.ar/) Argentina

Youth Convergence Clasista "Children's Village" (http://www.hijosdelpuebloec.blogspot.com/) Ecuador

Retrieved from "https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchism&oldid=2376310"

This page was last modified on 26 October 2021, at 20:48.

For concerns on copyright infringement please see: RationalWiki:Copyright violations

You might also like