Sources of evidence

for evolution:
Evidence from
comparative anatomy
 OBJECTIVES
• identify what is comparative anatomy;
• determine the three types of
structures;
• distinguish homologous structure from
analogous structure; and
• explain the relevance of comparative
as an evidence of evolution.
 Comparative Anatomy
• Comparative Anatomy is the study of the
similarities and differences in the anatomy
of different species.

• Q1. Scientist said that Comparative

anatomy has long served as one of the
main evidences for evolution, why do
you think so?
Q2. What are the similarities of the
two birds?
 Three Types Of
Structures
1.Homologous structure
2.Analogous Structure
3.Vestigial Structure
The bone
structure
in limbs of
different
mammals
Homologous structures
• are structures or parts of
different organisms that are
similar in structure but
serve different functions.
Analogous structures
• are the structures
indifferent organisms
that are similar in
function but different in
origin.
Vestigial structure
• these are structures that, over
time, have lost much of their
ancestral function.
• one example of vestigial structure
is the appendix of the humans.
Q3. What do you think why?
By looking at
the reduced
appendix in
humans, and its
similarity to
functional
appendix in
some primates,
scientists can
infer that there
was a common
ancestor
between
primates and
human.
Two Types Of Evolution
1. Divergent Evolution
2. Convergent Evolution
Divergent evolution
• is an increase in the
difference among the
descendants of a single
ancestral species as time
passes.
Convergent evolution
• Is an increase in similarities
among species derived from
different ancestors as a result of
similar adaptation to similar
environment.
SW: By pair
Draw and explain how
comparative evolution can
be an evidence of
evolution.
Identification
1.It is the study of the similarities and differences in the
anatomy of different species.
2.What type of structures that has structures or parts of
different organisms that are similar in structure but serve
different functions.
3.What type of structures that are the structures indifferent
organisms that are similar in function but different in origin.
4.These are structures that, over time, have lost much of
their ancestral function.
5.It is an increase in the difference among the descendants of
a single ancestral species as time passes.
6.Convergent evolution is an increase in similarities among
species derived from different ancestors as a result of similar
adaptation to similar environment.
7-10 true or false
7. The presence of homologous structures is a strong
indicator that the organisms evolved from common
ancestors.
8. Comparative anatomy has long served as one of the
main evidences for evolution It is because due to the
fact that it is very concrete, and does not require
extensive technology.
9. We have three types of structures which are
homologous, analogous and vertical structures.
10. Vestigial evolution is the analogous structures of
unrelated organisms from different ancestors
develop similar function such as butterfly wings and
bird wings.