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Bridge Engineering: Lecture 3: Loads
Bridge Engineering: Lecture 3: Loads
Bridge Engineering: Lecture 3: Loads
Lecture 3: Loads
Introduction
Introduction (cont’d)
• Definition of the permanent loads:
– Remain on the bridge for an extended period,
usually for the entire service life.
• Such loads include
– The self-weight of the girders
– The self-weight of deck and wearing surface
– Curbs, parapets and railings, utilities,
luminaries,
– Pressures from earth retainments.
Southwest Jiaotong University
-3- Chengdu, China
Lecture 3: Loads Bridge Engineering
Introduction (cont’d)
• Definition of Transient loads:
– Their locations and magnitudes change with
time and may be applied from several
directions
• Transient loads include:
– Gravity loads due to vehicular, railway, and
pedestrian traffic;
– Lateral loads such as
• Water and wind, ice floes, ship collisions, and
earthquakes.
Southwest Jiaotong University
-4- Chengdu, China
Lecture 3: Loads Bridge Engineering
Introduction (cont’d)
Units: m
Standard Loading
Special Loading
Lane Load
Lane Load
Front Elevation
Side View
Curb
City-A
City-B
Southwest Jiaotong University
- 15 - Chengdu, China
Lecture 3: Loads Bridge Engineering
City-A
City-B
Southwest Jiaotong University
- 16 - Chengdu, China
Lecture 3: Loads Bridge Engineering
Curb
❑ Design truck
❑ Design tandem
❑ Design lane
• Crowd loading
– Most countries specify a nominal crowd loading
of about 5 kN/m2 (EC1 model LM4) to be
placed on the footways of highway bridges or
across pedestrian and cycle bridges.
Dynamic effects
• In traditional design codes and practices, the dynamic
effects are taken into consideration by an impact factor ,
defined as the ratio of the additional load due to dynamic
effect to the equivalent static load: µ
Dynamic Load-Static Load
µ=
Static Load
Load combinations
• For design of railway bridges, the loads have
different frequencies of occurrence.
• The primary loads are those acting on a bridge
most frequently or even permanently, such as
vehicular loads and the self-weights of bridge
components;
• The additional loads, such as braking forces,
occurs less frequently.
• The special loads, such as earthquake loads,
appear with very low frequency.
Southwest Jiaotong University
- 34 - Chengdu, China
Lecture 3: Loads Bridge Engineering
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