9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Explanations

Question

The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated 135∘ range as she exercises her triceps muscle.
For this condition, the tension in the cable can be assumed to be constant at W = 10 lb. Determine and plot the
moment M of the cable tension as applied at A about the elbow joint O over the range 0 ≤ θ ≤ 135∘ . Find
the maximum value of M and the value of θ for which it occurs.

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 1 1 of 10

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 2 2 of 10

Now that we have determined the ordinates of points A and B, we can express the distances
between them in x and y-directions

Distance between A and B in x-direction is

x∣AB∣ = ∣XB − XA ∣ = ∣ − 24 − (−13 cos(45° + θ))∣ = ∣ − 24 + 13 cos(45° + θ)∣

​ ​ ​

Because cos is function which value can be between -1 and 1,

∣ − 24∣ will always be greater then ∣13 cos(45° + θ)∣,

then 24 − 13 cos(45° + θ) will always be greater then 0, so

x∣AB∣ = ∣ − 24 + 13 cos(45° + θ)∣ = 24 − 13 cos(45° + θ)

​

Distance between A and B in y-direction is

y∣AB∣ = ∣YB − YA ∣ = ∣21 − 13 sin(45° + θ)∣

​ ​ ​

∣21∣ will always be greater then −13 sin(45° + θ)∣,

then 21 − 13 sin(45° + θ) will always be greater then 0, so

y∣AB∣ = ∣21 − 13 sin(45° + θ)∣ = 21 − 13 sin(45° + θ)

​

We can calculate the angle α

y∣AB∣
α = tan−1
​

x∣AB∣ ​

21 − 13 sin(45° + θ)
α = tan−1
24 − 13 cos(45° + θ)
​

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 3 3 of 10

Step 4 4 of 10

When we write the expression for moment MO , it is very important to understand what
​

we're writting,
because both direction of force and point A, where the force is applied, are changing.

x-component of the force (Wx ) will always be above point O, thus will always rotate
​

clockwise.

On the other hand, y-component of the force (Wy ) will change it's position as the angle θ
​

increases

for θ = 0°, 45° (Wy ) will rotate counterclockwise,

​

for θ = 45°, 135° (Wy ) will rotate clockwise.

​

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 5 5 of 10

Since we took the clockwise direction for a positive one, we can write
*
MO = +Wx ⋅ y∣OA∣ −Wy ⋅ x∣OA∣
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

= 10 cos α ⋅ 13 sin(45° + θ) − 10 sin α ⋅ 13 cos(45° + θ)

13 sin(45° + θ) − 21 13 sin(45° + θ) − 2
= 130(cos(tan−1 sin(45° + θ) − sin(tan−1
13 cos(45° + θ + 24 13 cos(45° + θ + 2
​

*-because we wrote minus infront of cos(45° + θ),

when θ is between 0° and 45° cosine is positive, so -cos(45° + θ) is negative(this means

that (Wy ) will rotate counterclockwise)
​

when θ is between 45° and 135° cosine is negative, so -cos(45° + θ) is positive(this means
that (Wy ) will rotate clockwise)
​

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 6 6 of 10

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 7 7 of 10

We know that

∣OA∣ = 13”

∣OB∣ = 212 + 242 ​ ​ = 31.89”

The Pythagorian theoreme

Since we know the lenght of two sides and one angle,we can use the sine rule

sin 90° sin β

=
∣OB∣ ∣OA∣
​ ​

sin 90° sin β

=
31.89 13
​ ​

We can express sin β

13 sin 90°
sin β =
31.89
​

13 sin 90°
β = arcsin(
​

) ​

31.89
​

= 24.06°

Step 8 8 of 10

From triangle △OAB

180° = β + γ + 90°
180° = 24.06° + θ + 3.84° + 90°
θ = 180° − 90° − 24.06° − 3.84°
​ ​

θ = 62.13°

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9/6/21, 3:24 PM The woman maintains a slow steady motion over the indicated | Quizlet

Step 9 9 of 10

Result 10 of 10

13 sin(45° + θ) − 21 13 sin(45° + θ) − 2
MO = 130(cos(tan−1 sin(45° + θ) − sin(tan−1
13 cos(45° + θ + 24 13 cos(45° + θ + 2
​ ​

θmax = 62.13°
​

MM AX = 10.83lb-ft
​

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HEA LT H PH YSI C S

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IN TEGRATED MATH PR ECALC ULUS

The normal range of motion for a person's elbow is from
0° (fully extended) to 145° (fully bent). Draw figures and
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After Ella broke her elbow, her maximum extension was
8°, and her maximum flexion was 136°. How many degrees
of range of motion did she lose? _____°
A pilot flies in a straight path for 1 h 30 min. She then
makes a course correction, heading
10∘
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direction If she maintains a constant speed of 625 mi/h

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