Presentation on

The Contributions of
Quality Gurus
Introduction
 ❖ Walter A. Shewart was a giant among giants in the quality movement
during the first half of the 20th century. His mentoring of other engineers
at Western Electric and his groundbreaking work with control charts
arguably led a quality revolution and launched the quality profession.

❖ His seminal contributions were based on his work at Bell Telephone

Quality Gurus
Laboratories during the 1920s and the 1930s

❖ Two books; Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product in

Walter Shewart (1891–1967) 1931 and Statistical Method from the Viewpoint of Quality Control in
1939.

❖ He developed what came to be known as the Shewhart cycle; Plan-Do-

Study-Act (PDSA) or Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) to manage the effects
of variation.

❑ Plan – what changes are desirable? What data is needed?

❑ Do – carry out the change or test decided upon
❑ Check – observe the effects of the change or the test
Remembering ❑ Act – what we learned from the change should lead to improvement
or activity

Walter Shewart's Contribution to ❖ He developed quality control charts that are presently used to identify
whether the variability in the process is random or due to an assignable
the Quality World cause such as unskilled workers or equipment not being calibrated.
 ❖ W. Edwards Deming is often referred to as the “father of quality
control.” He is widely acknowledged as the leading management
thinker in the field of quality.

❖ Deming introduced the “Deming cycle,” one of the crucial QC

tools for assuring continuous improvement. The Deming cycle is

Quality Gurus
also known as the Deming wheel or the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-
Action) cycle. It is a problem-solving process adopted by firms
engaged in continuous improvement.
W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993)
❖ He is also known for his 14 Points (a new philosophy for
competing on the basis of quality), for the Deming Chain Reaction
and for the Theory of Profound Knowledge. They are-
1. Constancy of purpose
2. The new philosophy
3. Cease dependence on inspection
4. End lowest tender contracts
5. Improve every process
6. Institute training on the job
Remembering 7. Institute leadership
8. Drive out fear:
9. Breakdown barriers
Contribution to the 10. Eliminate exhortations
11. Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets
Quality World 12. Permit pride of workmanship
13. Encourage education
14. Top management’s commitment
 ❖ Joseph Juran’s major contribution to society was in the field of quality
management and he is often called the father of quality.

❖ In 1937, Dr. Juran created the “Pareto principle,” which millions of

Quality Gurus
managers rely on to help separate the “vital few” from the “trivial many”
in their activities.

Joseph Juran (1904–2008) ❖ Juran first became famous in the US as the editor of the Quality Control
Handbook (1951)

❖ The Juran Trilogy, published in 1986, identified and was accepted

worldwide as the basis for quality management. The elements of the
trilogy are quality planning, quality improvement and quality
control.
❑ Quality planning (financial budgeting) – create process that will
enable one to meet the desired goals
❑ Quality control (cost control) – monitor and adjust the process
❑ Quality improvement (profit improvement) – move the process
to a better and improved state of control through projects
Remembering
❖ Key points of Juran’s approach to quality
improvement:
Contribution to the Quality World •Create awareness of the need for quality improvement
•Make quality improvement everyone’s job
•Create infrastructure for quality improvement
•Train the organization in quality improvement techniques
•Review progress towards quality improvement regularly
•Recognize winning teams
 ❖ Armand Vallin Feigenbaum was an American quality control
expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality
Control which inspired Total Quality Management.

❖ Armand Feigenbaum is credited with the creation of the idea of

total quality control in his book Quality Control—Principles,
Quality Gurus Practice, and Administration (1961) and in his article “Total
Quality Control” (1956).
Armand Feigenbaum ❖ Quote: “Quality is everybody’s job, but because it is everybody’s
job, it can become nobody’s job without the proper leadership and
organization.”

❖ Feigenbaum’s philosophy is summarized in his “Three Steps to

Quality,”
Steps to quality:
•Quality leadership
•Modern quality technology
Remembering •Organizational commitment
.

's Contribution
to the Quality World
 ❖ Philip B. Crosby was a legend in the discipline of quality.
❖ Crosby originated the concept of zero defects. The essence of Crosby’s
teaching is contained in “four absolutes of quality” and the fourteen
steps to quality improvement.
➢ The definition: Quality is conformance to requirements, not
goodness.
Quality Gurus ➢ The system: Prevention, not appraisal.
➢ The performance standard: Zero defects.
Philip B. Crosby (1926–2001) ➢ The measurement: The price of non-conformance to
requirements, not quality indices. Based on these premises, he
developed a 14-step methodology.
❖ 14 Steps to Quality Improvement:
▪ Management is committed to quality
▪ Create quality improvement teams
▪ Measure processes to determine current and potential quality
issues.
▪ Calculate the cost of (poor) quality
▪ Raise quality awareness of all employees
▪ Take action to correct quality issues
Remembering ▪ Monitor progress of quality improvement
▪ Train employees in quality improvement
's Contribution to ▪ Hold “zero defects” days
▪ Encourage employees to create their own quality improvement
the Quality World goals
▪ Encourage employee communication with management about
obstacles to quality
▪ Recognize participants’ effort
▪ Create quality councils
▪ Do it all over again
 ❖ Professor Kaoru Ishikawa is known as the “father of quality
circles” for his role in launching Japan’s quality movement in
the 1960s.

❖ He is best known for: Ishikawa diagram; Seven basic quality

tools; Quality circles and Companywide quality control.

Quality Gurus ❖ Ishikawa advocated the following principles:

Professor Kaoru Ishikawa (1915–1989) • Quality is a company-wide issue and must wield an all-
pervasive influence on the way every issue of business is
conducted.

• Seven simplified tools of quality control need to be used by

all the people in an organization.

• Quality circles.

Remembering
's Contribution to the
Quality World
 ❖ Genichi Taguchi was an engineer and statistician. He is best
known for: Taguchi methods; Taguchi Loss Function and
Design of experiments

❖ The lack of quality should be measured as function of

deviation from the nominal value of the quality characteristic.
Quality Gurus Thus, quality is best achieved by minimizing the deviation
from target (minimizing variation).
Dr. Genichi Taguchi
❖ Quality should be designed into the product and not inspected
into it. The product should be so designed that it is immune to
causes of variation.

❖ Taguchi recommends a three-stage design process:

System Design (Stage 1):
❑ Development of a basic functional prototype design
❑ Determination of materials, parts and assembly system
❑ Determination of the manufacturing process involved
Remembering Parameter Design (Stage 2):
❑ Selecting the nominals of the system by running
's Contribution to the Quality statistically planned experiments (DFSS/DOE)
Tolerance Design (Stage 3):
World ❑ Deals with tightening tolerances and upgrading
materials
 ❖ Dr Shingo Shigeo was a Japanese industrial engineer and
perhaps the greatest contributor to modern manufacturing
practices. He defined quality as the defects in a process. He
introduced the concept of poka-yoke (zero defects).

Quality Gurus ❖ The impact of Dr Shingo Shigeo’s teachings can be classified

into three concepts listed below:
Dr Shingo Shigeo (1909–1990)
❑ Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing, also known as just-in-
time production or the Toyota production system (TPS), is
a methodology aimed primarily at reducing flow times
within production as well as response times from suppliers
and to customers.

❑ Single minute exchange of dies (SMED) is a system for

dramatically reducing the time it takes to complete
equipment changeover.
Remembering
❑ Zero quality control is a quality control approach for
's Contribution to the Quality achieving zero defects. ZQC is based on the principle that
defects are prevented by controlling the performance of a
World process so that it cannot produce defects, even when a
mistake is made by the machine or a human operator.
Thank you