https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83522161057?

pwd=S2RieFRMU25tcFJSeVBmdjJvcVc3dz09

The article states that the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico we notable for their “great houses”,
massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms. Archeologists have been trying to determine how
the building were used and there are three competing theories about that.

First, the passage states that the Chico structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of
people. However, the professor doesn’t agree with with theory and claims that unfortunately, from outside
“great houses” looked like American apartments, but inside of the the house it was completely different.
There were only a few fireplaces, where people could cook, what show us that there couldn’t be hundreds of
people.

Second, the reading defines that the Chaco structure were used to store food supplies. The professor refutes
this point by saying that this theory isn’t supported with facts and large empty rooms could be used for
something else. Moreover, there were not a lot of maize containers and any traces of maize as well.

Third, the passage explains that houses were used as ceremonial centers because of archaeologists found an
enormous mound formed by a pile of old materials. The professor refutes this theory by saying that there
were materials as sand, stones and it could be just a trash from builders ,that they thrown away.

According to the text there are three theory about what Choco Canyon were used for. However, the professor
disagrees all of them.

auspicious – благоприятный, обещающий

mesmerizing – завораживающий
haphazard – бессистемный
suffuse – заливать, заполнять
scatter – разбегаться, рассыпать, разбросать
dazzling – ошеломляющий
percolate – просачиваться
discarded – отброшенный, выкинутый, использованный
audacity – дерзость
voids – пустоты
trickling down – просачивание
abundant – обильный
confluence – слияние

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not in one's right mind, of unsound mind
slow-witted
slow
visually impaired, unable to see
optically challenged
childfree
hearing impaired
hard of hearing
have hearing loss
overweight
not very fit
plump
big boned
verbally impaired
speechless
they have put on a few pounds
inconsiderate
not the most sympathetic/empathetic
not the slimmest
not the most sane / not the sanest

https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83522161057?pwd=S2RieFRMU25tcFJSeVBmdjJvcVc3dz09

plunge into is a phrasal verb and it has a few meanings:

1) In the text it means:
to suddenly start doing something actively or enthusiastically:
Two months before his exams, he suddenly plunged into his studies.
2) It also means “to jump or fall into something, especially with force”. Usually used with water:
a bus plunged into a river.
He plunged into the pool.
3) If you plunge an object into something, you push it quickly or violently into it.

 She plunged the knife into his chest.

4) to make somebody/something experience something unpleasant

 The news plunged us into deep depression.

Consider these two questions

I’ll put you in pairs
Not quite
Pull together = cooperate
commit yourself – принимать обязательства / решения
not ready to commit myself to regular exercise
exert yourself – выкладываться
In order to be successful he would have to exert himself.

 ‘I think I'll stay in this evening.’ ‘Suit yourself!’ – делай что хочешь!

It’s quite straightforward

compose yourself = calm down
use the most appropriate ones
lift your spirit
as for starters
I’ve pasted the link in chat
to attain – добиться, достичь
try to deduce / infer from context

candid - saying what you think openly and honestly; not hiding your thoughts; even if it could offend
someone

if it comes to (your mind?)

audacious /ɔːˈdeɪʃəs/ = willing to take risks or to do something that shocks people; смелый, отважный (=
daring)
an audacious decision
intrepid /ɪnˈtrepɪd/ – бесстрашный (= fearless)

eager beaver
commonality

fervent /ˈfɜːvənt/ - having or showing very strong and sincere feelings about something (= ardent /ˈɑːdnt/
very enthusiastic and showing strong feelings about something/somebody)
zealous (formal) /ˈzeləs/ - showing great energy and enthusiasm for something, especially because you feel
strongly about it
a zealous reformer
clamorous
vociferous /vəˈsɪfərəs/ (formal) - expressing your opinions or feelings in a loud and confident way
vociferous protests
a vociferous critic of the president’s stance
Opposition from senior party members became increasingly vociferous.
boisterous /ˈbɔɪstərəs/ (of people, animals or behaviour) noisy and full of life and energy (шумливый,
оживленный, возбужденный)
It was a challenge, keeping ten boisterous seven-year-olds amused.
The children and the dogs raced out of the house to give me a boisterous welcome.
skint (British English, informal) having no money
I can’t go out tonight—I’m skint.
destitute /ˈdestɪtjuːt/ - without money, food and the other things necessary for life
When he died, his family was left completely destitute.
The war left her completely destitute.
the destitute noun [plural] people who are destitute
They seem destitute of ordinary human feelings.
wily /ˈwaɪli/ clever at getting what you want, and willing to trick people
The boss is a wily old fox.
He was outwitted by his wily opponent.
artful
cunning
intrusive - назойливый

Do you think that politicians should be candid about the difficulties the government have?
Tell me about one of the most audacious decisions you’ve made.
Do you know anyone who could be intrepid at times?
Do you think there are many people in Belarus who are completely destitute now?
Do you have any friends who are often boisterous?

for starters
perspiration = sweat
consistency
linear
take up a level

a table of nine entries

The way he laughed was strongly reminiscent of his father.
reminiscent – напоминающий
inclined towards – склонный к
He writes only when he feels inclined to.
There'll be time for a swim if you feel so inclined.
conducive /kənˈdjuːsɪv/ – способствующий, благоприятствующий
inherent /ɪnˈherənt/, /ɪnˈhɪərənt/
the difficulties inherent in a study of this type

Is you teaching style reminiscent of any teachers you used to have?

Are you inclined to the idea that there are no bad students, there are only bad teachers?
How do you make your teaching environment conducive to learning?
Is it possible to be a teacher if you’re devoid of humour, communicative skills, and enthusiasm?
Can you be a teacher if you’re conversant with language skills, but not teaching skills?
Is it easier to teach someone who’s impervious to criticism?
What side effects are inherent in teaching?

fluctuate
excerpt

staunch – верный, твердый, непоколебимый

dislodge – вытеснить, удалить
trite – банальный, избитый
rake in – грести деньги
to peddle – торговать мелочами
shrug off – сбрасывать со счетов, игнорировать

staunch
to dislodge
it’s lodged
trite
rake in

there we go
to cut the mustard = to be good enough to do something
this song is mustard = it’s great
I can’t stand the sight of shopping malls
They can’t stand the sight of each other
go with a swing - идти как по маслу; успешно проходить
to cut the mustard - добиться успеха; оправдать надежды; преуспеть
The party began to go with a swing.
bite the bullet - с неохотой браться за что-либо
the bone of contention – яблоко раздора
contention - раздор; разногласие
go down a treat – доставлять удовольствие, радость
upset the apple cart - переворачивать вверх тормашками; расстраивать; нарушать планы
pull the rug from under your feet – выбить почву из-под ног
to fight tooth and nail - бороться не на жизнь, а на смерть; приложить все усилия

I’ll put you into pair

Open up slide 3

a spaghetti bowl = a very complex situation

dissuasion - разубеждение; отговаривание

ail something (formal) = to cause problems for somebody/something
reverence /ˈrevərəns/ = a feeling of admiring and respecting somebody/something very much
reverence – глубокое уважение, почтение

cheeky – дерзкий (SOMETIMES in a nice, amusing way)

peerage – пэрство, высшая знать
psyche – психологическое состояние

1 ailing
2 egalitarian – сторонник равноправия
3 cheeky
4 adverse
5 dissuasion
6 reverence

dismissive – пренебрежительный, презрительный

tasteful - сделанный со вкусом
tasteful furniture/ornaments/decor
eligible for
hastily
adoration
inclusion
flawed / flawless
adversary /ˈædvəsəri/ (formal) = opponent
steeliness – жесткость (характера)
familial – семейный, родственный
to disservice – оказать плохую услугу
eligible bachelor - завидный жених
inherent bias – определенная / присущая предвзятость
bodice ripper - романтический дамский роман с эротическим подтекстом (в котором главную
героиню обязательно соблазняют)
bodice /ˈbɒdɪs/ - корсет, лифчик, топ
any questions with regard to these phrases?
collective adversary – общий враг

Can you think of any one-liners?

Are you often in a haste or do you prefer to take your sweet time?
Have you ever been short-changed? What happened?

sleazy – ничтожный, сомнительный

restraint –
shrug –
smug –
squeaky –
scummy –
sleazeball –
villainous muscles –
cunning –
scummy –
restraint –
ham –
irrefutable – неопровержимый, бесспорный
provisional –
versatility –
staunched -
conducive – способствующий; благоприятный
to crack up = to go crazy / to lose your mind
conducive to something making it easy, possible or likely for something to happen
to crack up = to laugh uncontrollably
hikes in the cost - увеличение стоимости
it takes a lot out of me physically
freewheeling = to ride a bicycle without using the pedals
freewheeling - раскованный; ничем не ограниченный
sustained reading -
interminable hassle –
strike up a conversation –
stare blankly ahead –
a hike = (informal) a large or sudden increase in prices, costs, etc.
- a tax/price hike
- hike in something the latest hike in interest rates

a doodle = a line, shape, etc. that you have drawn when you are bored or thinking about something
else
derogatory (formal) = insulting
lopsided – having one side lower, smaller, etc. than the other
insipid /ɪnˈsɪpɪd/ = flavourless / dull
a cup of insipid coffee
slanderous /ˈslɑːndərəs/ = (of a spoken statement) false, and intended to damage the good opinion
people have of somebody
arcane /ɑːˈkeɪn/ (formal) - secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand

groundbreaking – making new discoveries; using new methods (инновационный, прорывной,

поворотный)
arresting (formal) - attracting a lot of attention; very attractive
resplendent /rɪˈsplendənt/(formal or literary) - brightly coloured in an impressive way (блестящий;
сверкающий; блистательный; великолепный)
flamboyant - brightly coloured and likely to attract attention
majestic = awe-inspiring, splendid

redeeming feature
blemish
shoddy
desolate
in an absolute shambles

D, G, I, H, F, B, A, J

B, C, A, F, D, E

trite (=banal) - (of a remark, an opinion, etc.) boring because it has been expressed so many times before; not
original
berate /bɪˈreɪt/ (formal) - to criticize or speak angrily to somebody because you do not approve of
something they have done (ругать; бранить)
raucously /ˈrɔːkəsli/ - in a way that sounds loud and rough
ribald –
self-deprecating jokes - самоуничижительные шутки
smutty – пикантные, грязные (шутки)
mischievous - озорной
quirky - причудливый
in jest - в шутку (было сказано)
laughing at my expense - смеяться за мой счет
hoary (outdated / old-fashioned) - старый (устаревший)

it strikes close to home

off-colour jokes - непристойная шутка

spicy jokes
lame = boring and silly
a lavatorial joke
frat boy humour = about disable people

saucy /ˈsɔːsi/ - rude or referring to sex in a way that is humorous but not offensive

smutty -> spicy -> saucy

corny /ˈkɔːni/ (informal) - not original; used too often to be interesting or to sound sincere

on a certain level

look down on everyone

a goofball -

a warped sense of humour – different but not nice

on that note, lets …

old chestnut – баян

on the mission

exhilarating < thrilling

get our thrills - получать острые ощущения

stirring – волнующий
rousing – зажигательный, воодушевляющий
invigorating – ободряющий, освежающий, воодушевляющий
intoxicating – опьяняющий, возбуждающий
electrifying
an electrifying performance.
The view of the mountains was electrifying.
compelling /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ - захватывающий
gripping < compelling

let me confirm that

verdant – зелёный, покрытый растительностью

spread far / further afield – распространяться далеко / дальше
he took early to philosophy - он рано увлекся философией
it signifies - это означает
not least when – не в последнюю очередь, не в меньшей степени

a little note on pronunciation

does it ally with your ideas?

She went into ruptures over / about / at = she got an ecstatic joy

Be in ruptures
Go into ruptures

The elation wore off

Ephemeral = short / fast

ephemeral pleasures
ephemeral fashion

fleeting = brief
a fleeting glimpse/smile
a fleeting moment of happiness

Once the transient sleep problem has passed, stop taking the sleeping pills.

transient /ˈtrænziənt/ (formal) - continuing for only a short time

the transient nature of speech

virulent /ˈvɪrələnt/ - (of a disease or poison) extremely dangerous or harmful and quick to have an
effect

 a virulent form of influenza

 a particularly virulent flu germ

virulent /ˈvɪrələnt/ - (formal) showing strong negative and bitter feelings

 virulent criticism
 virulent nationalism

invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ - (especially of diseases within the body) spreading very quickly and difficult to stop

there’s no restrictions for these ones

We're on to – переходим к

birds singing their hearts out

you step outside yourself
this is as good as it gets
feel at one with …
I was on cloud nine
A transient feeling
A thing like that works as a catalyst
From dawn till dusk
Through rose-tinted spectacles
rose-coloured glasses
the elation I felt aged nine
in my book = in my opinion
laughter rippling through
a surge of joy
to tip the balance
ghostly white = white as a ghost
In my book, the most intoxicating and invigorating memories are my trips abroad. They are literally a
breath of fresh air, a great chance to get away from my daily routine.

When travelling I like trying something new. For instance, a few years ago, my wife and I went to
Spain and we visited Port Aventura. It’s a huge amusement park with a big number of roller coasters
for all tastes.

Some of the rides were beyond my wildest dreams, but I was craving for an adrenalin rush, so I put
myself on the line.

It’s hard to describe the feelings that I got. It was my most rousing and exhilarating experience ever.

You’ve got it at hand

The time is running up
The money is running up

https://wordwall.net/resource/16837698/thank-you-speech-synonyms-natives-teachers
sublime - совершенный; возвышенный; величественный (=of very high quality or great beauty)

 sublime beauty
 a sublime combination of flavours
 The location of the hotel is sublime.

zeal /ziːl/ (formal) - great energy or enthusiasm connected with something that you feel strongly about
zeal – рвение, энтузиазм, жажда деятельности
her missionary/reforming/religious/political zeal

assiduity /ˌæsɪˈdjuːəti/ (formal) - the quality of working very hard and taking great care that
everything is done as well as it can be
assiduity – усердие, прилежность

affable /ˈæfəbl/ - pleasant, friendly and easy to talk to

 He greeted everyone in the same relaxed and affable manner.

genial /ˈdʒiːniəl/ - friendly and cheerful

 a genial person
 He was a sweet old gentleman with white hair and a genial smile.
 He seemed genial enough.
 Her manner was quite genial.
 The fierce old man suddenly looked almost genial.
 Graham was a genial and modest host.
off-tuned – ненастроенный (радио, гитара)
rapture /ˈræptʃə(r)/ (formal) - a feeling of extreme pleasure and happiness (= delight)

any questions
many questions
a lot of questions
ask questions
good question
great question
a question
answer the questions
discuss the questions

Is it easy or difficult in your country to defraud people OF money?

2) Is it a serious offence to impersonate a police officer in your country?

3) How to avoid being charged WITH fraud?

4) Do you know anyone who was found guilty OF fraud? What was the case?