DIGGING –

HAULING
-Rini Novrianti Sutardjo Tui-
Operation Category or Method Machine (Application)
Surface

Shovel Power shovel. excavator, back hoe

Drag line Crawler, walking

Cyclic Dozer Rubber tired, crawler (blade)

Scraper Rubber tired, crawler

Blasting Explosives stripping
Mechanical excavator Bucket wheel excavator
Highwall mining Auger, highwall miner
Continuous Hydraulicking Monitor or giant (placer)

Dredging Bucket ladder, hydraulic (placer)

Underground
Loader Overhead, shovel, front-end
Shaft mucker Clamshell
Cyclic
Self-loading transport Load-haul-dump (LHD)
Slusher Rope-drawn scraper
Continuous miner Milling type, drum, ripper
Continuous 2
Boring machine Tunnel-boring machine
 Performance Factors
Machine productivity:
Design Factors
cycle speed, available
Quality and effectiveness
power, digging range,
of detailed design
bucket capacity, travel
speed, reliability

Selection of
Equipments

Support Factors
Cost Factors
Service and
Ownership and
maintenance: ease of
operating cost: life,
servicing, special skill,
interest rate, inflation,
parts availability,
fuel, and maintenance 3
manufacturer’s support
Surface
Excavators
are the digging equipment that dig consolidated,
semi-consolidated ground or broken muck.
Based on number of buckets: single or multi-buckets
Based on mounting: wheel tyre, crawler track, or walking
mechanism
Based on motive power: diesel or electric
Based on swinging mechanism: non-revolving, or revolving
Based on continuity of operation: continuous, or cyclic
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Illustration –
Backhoe
Production from a backhoe is
controlled by several factors:
▪ Type of ground – weathered,
ripped or fragmented by
blasting.
▪ Digging depth and dumping
height, angle of swing etc.
▪ Bucket or dipper fill factor.
▪ Interruptions and
interference at the working
site.
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Illustration –
Power Shovel
It is available with very small to
very large capacity buckets
which are capable of excavating
any type of muck or ground.
▪ Face, crowd, or dipper shovel
▪ Strip shovel

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Illustration –
Bucket Wheel
Excavator
This unit is a heavy-duty
continuous excavator, which is
capable of producing a large
output

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Thank You