Name : Muhammad Herdiansyah

Student ID : 20180801231

1. Main component of router

· Input ports.  The input port performs several functions.  It performs the physical
layer functionality (shown in light blue in Figure 4.6-1) of  terminating an
incoming physical link to a router.  It performs the data link layer functionality
(shown in dark blue) needed to interoperate with the data link layer functionality
(see  Chapter  5) on the other side of the incoming link. It also performs a lookup
and forwarding function (shown in red) so that a datagram forwarded into the
switching fabric of the router emerges at the appropriate output port.  Control
packets (e.g., packets carrying routing protocol information such as RIP, OSPF or
IGMP) are forwarded from the input port to the routing processor. In practice,
multiple ports are often gathered together on a single line card within a router.
· Switching fabric.  The switching fabric connects the router's input ports to its
output ports.  This switching fabric is completely contained with the router - a
network inside of a network router!
· Output ports.  An output port stores the datagrams that have been forwarded to it
through the switching fabric, and then transmits the datagrams on the outgoing
link.  The output port thus performs the reverse data link and physical layer
functionality as the input port.
· Routing processor.  The routing processor executes the routing protocols (e.g.,
the protocols we studied in section 4.4), maintains the routing tables, and performs
network management functions (see chapter 8), within the router. Since we cover
these topics elsewhere in this book, we defer discussion of these topics to
elsewhere.
2. RAM is volatile nature memory, that means it is capable to store data
and instructions while power turning on. It can be used for storing table
routing, cache fast switching, configure packet queu, etc.
3. NVRAM is Non-Volatie Random Access Memory. It has different characteristics
with RAM that ony can store when the power is on. NVRAM can reatins stored
data even if the power is switched off. NVRAM has a function to monitors several
system parameters, such as Ethernet the MAC address, serial number, date of
manufacture, HOSTID, firmware, etc.
4. IOS Functions :
· To carry network protocols and functions
· To connect between different data link layer technologies
· To connect high-speed traffic between devices
 · To secure network resources
· To control unauthorized access
· To provide scalability for ease of network growth
· To keep the network stable and reliable
5. Interface on router :
· Serial Interface

This is a port serial that has a function to connect between the router or
with the ADSL modem to connect internet.

· Ethernet Interface

This is port that uses to connect between router and switch in local
network using UTP cable

· Aux

This is a port that uses to connect router to dial up modem

· Console

This is a port that uses to connect between computer and router directly
using UTP cable