Religion and Family Life

in the UK
VHA01
Group 10

Lê Vũ Cát Tường
Phạm Mai Nha Bảo
Phan Thị Thuỳ Trang
Nguyễn Song Ngọc Diệp
Trầ n Anh Thư

Main I. Religion in the United Kingdom

Content
01. The relationship between the Church and the State
02. Main Religious Groups
03. Anglican Churches

04. Religious Conflict

II. Family Life in the United Kingdom

01. Types of Family
02. Changes in family life in recent years

03. Social Welfare Policy

Introduction The purpose of this course is to provide
learners further understanding of the exquisite
culture and literary overview of the UK.

British Culture includes information about

Britain such as education, government, religion,
and so on. Moreover, learning this subject will
provide them with lots of information about
Britain to prepare and learn how to adapt to the
British lifestyle when they go to Britain for
studying or working.

As a result, students can build a good basic

foundation for learning English. It also supports
their jobs in the future, because almost all their
jobs are related to English.
 Definition a group of people who have
06 Congregation come together in a religious
building for worship and prayer.
a religious group that has slightly
01 Denomination different beliefs from other groups
that share the same religion.
a priest of high rank who is in
a district under the pastoral care 07 Bishop charge of the priests of lower
rank in a particular area.
02 Diocese of a bishop in the Christian
Church.

Anti- is hostility towards Catholics or

a small administrative district 08 Catholicism opposition to the Catholic Church,
03 Parish typically having its own its clergy, and/or its adherents
church and a priest or pastor.

the body of all people ordained is hostility to, prejudice

04 Clergy for religious duties, especially 09 Anti-Semitism towards, or discrimination
against Jews
in the Christian Church.

all the people who are is the fear of, hatred of, or
05 Laity involved with a Church but 10 Islamophobia prejudice against the religion of
who are not priests. Islam or Muslims in general
PART 1

Religion
in the
United
Kingdom
 The
relationship
between the
Church and
the State
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF RELIGION

• The 1998 Human Rights Act provides for freedom of

religion, and the 2006 and 2010 Equality Acts ban
discrimination based on religion.

• The 1921 Church of Scotland Act reorganized the church

as Scotland's national church based on a Presbyterian
system but not dependent on any government body or the
queen for spiritual matters or leadership.

The monarch appoints Church of England officials

on the advice of the prime minister and the Crown
Appointments Commission, which includes lay and
clergy representatives.

The General Convention of the Church of Scotland

appoints its own office bearers, and its affairs are not
subject to any civil authority.

The monarch is the "Supreme Governor" of the

Church of England and must always be a member of
and promise to uphold the Church.

Most religious institutions are classified as charities

since the advancement of religion is considered to be
a charitable purpose.

Church Autonomy
• The doctrine of church autonomy is
distinct from the two more familiar lines of
cases decided under the Establishment
Clause and Free Exercise Clause,
respectively.

• Routine Establishment Clause disputes

such as those over religious preferences,
government funding for religious entities,
and government-sponsored religious
symbols are now resolved by a series of
rules (not standards) followed over the last
two decades by the High Court.
STATE FINANCIAL The financial support that religions receive from the
state primarily takes an indirect form.
SUPPORT FOR RELIGION
The state also offers direct financial support for
some religious schools.

In Scotland, the Education Act 1918 gave the

churches the right to transfer schools into the state
sector, the state taking over full financial
responsibility for the school but the churches
continuing to have the right to scrutinize the religious
convictions of prospective teachers and ensure that
religious instruction and observance in the school
remain the same as it had been before transfer.

The Education Act 1944 created similar, if more

limited provisions, for England and Wales.
 Religious Education
Voluntary aided schools Voluntary controlled schools
VOLUNTARY AIDED
SCHOOLS
A voluntary aided school (VA school) is a state-
funded school in England and Wales in which a
foundation or trust (usually a religious
organization), contributes to building costs and
has a substantial influence in the running of the
school. In most cases, the foundation or trust
owns the buildings.

Such schools have more autonomy than voluntary

controlled schools, which are entirely funded by
the state. In some circumstances, local authorities
can help the governing body in buying a site or
can provide a site or building free of charge.
 Early in the 19th century, the British and Foreign School Society and
the National Society for Promoting Religious Education sought to
provide elementary schooling for poor children, setting up non-
denominational British Schools and Church of England National

The
schools respectively.

From 1833, the State began to provide grants to support these

History of
elementary schools and the less wealthy endowed schools.

The State began to provide elementary education in 1870 and

Voluntary secondary education in 1902 but also continued to increase funding to

the schools run by other organizations (usually the churches), now
known as voluntary schools.

aided In 1926, secondary voluntary schools were required to choose

between being "grant-aided" by the local authority or receiving a

schools "direct grant" from the central government.

The Catholic Church chose to retain control of all of its schools, while
more than half of Church of England schools became voluntarily
controlled. The state contribution to capital works for voluntary aided
schools was originally 50%. It was increased to 75% by the Education
Act 1959 and is now 90%.
The The running costs of voluntary aided schools, like
those of other state-maintained schools, are fully
Characteristic paid by the central government via the local
authority.

of Voluntary Many VA faith schools belong to diocesan

maintenance schemes or other types of funding

aided schools programs to help them to manage those costs. VA

schools are not allowed to charge fees to students,
although parents are usually encouraged to pay a
voluntary contribution towards the schools'
maintenance funds.

Pupils at voluntary aided schools follow the National

Curriculum. Like all faith schools, VA faith schools
may teach religious education according to their
own faith.


A voluntary controlled school (VC school) is a state-funded school in

England and Wales in which a foundation or trust (usually a Christian

VOLUNTARY
denomination) has some formal influence in the running of the school.
Such schools have less autonomy than voluntary aided schools, in
which the foundation pays part of any building costs.

CONTROLLE
D

SCHOOLS
 Prior to the Education Act 1944, voluntary schools were
those associated with a foundation, usually a religious
group.

The Voluntary controlled schools would have all their costs met
by the state but would be controlled by the local education

History of authority.

Voluntary
Voluntary aided schools would have all of their running costs
met by the State, but their capital costs would only be
partially state-funded, with the foundation retaining greater

controlled
influence over the school.

The Roman Catholic Church chose to retain control of its

schools schools, while more than half of Church of England schools

became voluntary controlled schools.

By 2008, in England, approximately 15% of primary schools

were voluntarily controlled, almost all of them associated
with the Church of England. Only 3% of secondary schools
were voluntarily controlled, of which about half were Church
of England schools.
The Voluntary controlled schools are a kind of
"maintained school", meaning that they

Characteristic are funded by the central government via

the local authority, and do not charge

of Voluntary fees to students. The majority are also

faith schools.

controlled The land and buildings are typically

schools owned by a charitable foundation, which

also appoints about a quarter of the
school governors. However, the local
authority employs the school's staff and
has primary responsibility for the school's
admission arrangements.
RELIGIOUS In Europe, the case-law of the European Court of Human
Rights is expressive of how significant Christian and

SYMBOLS IN Islamic symbols are for people in a number of countries

The geographical and human landscape of Islamic

PUBLIC PLACES
countries is inconceivable without their religious
symbols, and the same occurs in countries with a strong
and ancient Christian tradition.
Recently, the use of the full-face veil by Muslim women
has caused a heated public debate in Europe. The United
Kingdom has not been an exception and the courts have
been asked to adjudicate on conflicts deriving from
individuals’ moral obligation to wear objects of religious
significance in public places.
There is no general prohibition on the wearing of
religious symbols in public places in the United Kingdom.
However, employers, schools, and others may choose to
regulate this matter themselves.
 01 Christianity

Main 02 Islam

Religious 03 Hinduism

Groups 04 Judaism
in the UK
05 Sikhism
Phạm Mai Nha Bảo
06 Buddhism
I Christianity
In the UK, Christianity is the largest religion

Christianity is the official religion of the

United Kingdom with the Church of
England being the state church of its
largest constituent region in England.

01 02 03 04

Anglicanism Catholicism Protestantism Orthodoxy

 01 Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a particular Christian tradition born out of the Protestant
Reformation in England in the 16th century.

Origin
Henry VIII wanted to remarry to have a male heir. He asked Pope
Clement VII to grant him a divorce from Catherine but was refused.
Henry VIII became very angry and decided to make his own church.

In 1534, the Anglican Church was formed and King Henry VIII became
leader of the Church of England.

The Anglican Community in the United Kingdom is an organization

consisting of the Church of England, the Church in Wales, the Scottish
Episcopal Church and the Church of Ireland (Northern Ireland).

The Church of England is the largest faith community and has a strong
influence on British culture.
 02 Catholicism

Catholicism is the first form of Christianity - the second-largest

denomination in England and Wales.

The Roman Catholic Church was the dominant form of Christianity in

Britain from the 6th century through the Reformation period in the
Middle Ages.

The Catholic dioceses in Great Britain are organized by two separate

hierarchies: the Catholic Church in England and Wales, and the Catholic
Church in Scotland.

The Catholic Church has separate national organizations for England,

Wales, and Scotland, which means there is no single hierarchy for the
Catholic Church in the United Kingdom.
 03 Protestantism

Protestantism is the most popular religion practised in the United

Kingdom with Anglicanism, the Reformed tradition (including
Presbyterians), Methodism, Pentecostalism and Baptists being the most
prominent branches.

In 1534, when King Henry VIII's wish of remarrying was refused, he

decided to separate the entire country of England from the Roman
Catholic Church. This parting of ways opened the door for Protestantism
to enter the country and from that, the Protestant Reformation began
throughout the UK.

The new Church was supported by the bishop and became firmly
established under Queen Elizabeth I. In Scotland, the strict Protestant
views of John Knox and others led to the creation in 1690 of the
Presbyterian Church of Scotland.
 04 Orthodox Christianity
Orthodox Christianity is a relatively minor faith in the United Kingdom
when compared to Protestantism and Catholicism.

The 'Oriental Orthodox Churches' have theological differences with the

Eastern Orthodox and form a separate group

Eastern Orthodox
The official name is Orthodox Catholic Church, one of the three
major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity.
People who follow Eastern Orthodox Christianity are traditionally
organized following patrimonial ecclesiastical jurisdictions.

Oriental Orthodox
People who follow Oriental Orthodox Christianity in the United
Kingdom are also traditionally organized in accordance with their
patrimonial ecclesiastical jurisdictions, each community having its
own parishes and priests.
Christian
a time when Christians prepare for Easter by
focusing more on prayer and spiritual studies, and
Lent occasionally by going without food.

Festivals starts on the 7th Wednesday before Easter Day,

called Ash Wednesday

Lent, Easter, and Christmas are the
Easter
main religious festivals of the Day
Christian Year.
Most people in Britain celebrate
Christmas and Easter.
School children have two weeks off
during Christmas and Easter.
Christmas People usually spend the day at home and eat
Day
Easter takes place in March or April. It marks the
death of Jesus Christ on Good Friday and his rising
from the dead on Easter Sunday.
Both Good Friday and the following Monday, called
Easter Monday are public holidays.
On 25 December, celebrates the birth of
Jesus Christ. It is a public holiday.
a special meal, which often includes roast
turkey, Christmas pudding and mince pies.
Boxing Day is the day after Christmas Day,
on 26 December, and is a public holiday.
II
The main non-Christian faiths are Islam, which is now the second-
Islam largest religion in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland.

The vast majority of Muslims in the United Kingdom live in England

and Wales.

There are many mosques in areas where Muslims have settled,

though sometimes the building does not look like a traditional
mosque.

In Britain, Muslims fought for the right to have Islamic state

schools which are similar to those for Jews and Roman
Catholics.

To this day, British Asians constitute is the majority of Muslims

in Britain in terms of ethnicity, although there are significant
Turkish, Arab and Somali communities.

Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the United Kingdom and

its adherents have the lowest average age out of all the major
religious groups.
Islamic festivals
Eid-ul-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice)
This is the major Muslim festival, which falls on the
tenth day of the Islamic Lunar Calendar’s twelfth
month

Marks the end of the pilgrimage (or Hajj) to Makkah

which Muslims are encouraged to make at least once
in their lifetime.

In Muslim countries, this is a four-day public holiday.

Ramadan
The ninth month of the Muslim calendar and the holy
month of fasting.

During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset,

every day of the month. This is a time of increased
worship and remembering Allah.
III Hinduism Hinduism is the third-largest religious group in the United
Kingdom, after Christianity and Islam.

Hindus had a presence in the United Kingdom since the early

19th century, as at the time India was part of the British
Empire. Many Indians in the British Indian Army, mostly Hindus
settled in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland.

Most of the British Hindus are immigrants, mainly from India,

and there is also a significant number of Hindu immigrants
from Sri Lanka, Nepal.

Most Hindu temples in Britain are in London, Bradford,

Leicester, and Birmingham, where Hindus originally settled
when they came to Britain. There are regional organizations
that organize community events and social affairs in the UK,
such as The Hindu Council of Birmingham.
Hindu Festivals
Diwali
the Festival of Lights, normally falls in
October or November and lasts for
five days.
It is celebrated by Hindus and Sikhs.
It celebrates the victory of good over
evil and the gaining of knowledge.
Holi
The Festival of Colors.
A celebration of the victory of good over evil.
It is celebrated every year on the day after
the full moon in the Hindu month of Phalguna
which is early March and lasts for 9 days.
Janmasthami
The birth of Lord Krishna, an
incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
This is one of the largest festivals
celebrated in the UK every year.
IV Jewish community in Britain was brought to England in 1070
by King William the Conqueror.

Judaism In 1275, King Edward I of England passed the Statute of the

Jewry, restricting the community's activities.

In 1656, it is said that the ban on Jewish settlement in England

and Wales would no longer be enforced. Gradually Jews
eased back into England, first visiting for trade, then staying
longer periods, and finally bringing their families.

The great majority of Jews in England and Wales were born in

the UK.

The majority of Jewish schools in Britain are funded by the

government. Britain's relatively small Jewish community
enjoys more freedom from religious prejudice than Jews in
many other countries.
 Jewish Festivals
Rosh The Jewish New Year festival
Hashanah Takes place in September or October.

The Day of Atonement during which Jewish

Yom Kippur people fast, pray, and atone for their sins, asking
God for forgiveness.
This happens ten days after Rosh Hashanah.

A major Jewish holiday that occurs on the 15th day of

Passover the Hebrew month of Nisan, the first month of Aviv, or
spring.

The festival of lights. It is held in late November or December.

Hanukkah Lamps are lit in the evening over the doors of the homes, on
each of the eight nights, so as to display the miracle.

The weekly day of rest, commencing just before

The Shabbat
sundown on Friday and terminating Saturday at nightfall.
The First Sikh Settlers started migrating from the Sikhism V
Punjab in 1911, when the first Sikh Gurdwara was
opened in London. A religion originating in the Punjab region of
the Indian subcontinent.
During the start of the First and Second World
Wars respectively, there was already an
established Sikh presence in many parts of
England. Britain’s first south Asian immigrants after
the war were Punjabi Sikhs from the Jullundur Doab.

The largest Sikh communities are in London,

Manchester and Leeds. Workshop may take place
in a private house or a gurdwara.
Sikh festivals
Baisakhi (Vaisakhi)
This festival celebrates Sikh New Year, which is one of
the most important dates in the Sikh calendar.
It is celebrated on 13 or 14 April and began as a harvest
festival in the Punjab.

Bandi Chhor
It is the festival of lights, which symbolises that good
overcomes evil.
It lasts five days and normally takes place in October or
November.

Gurpurab (Guru Nanak Jayanti

The most important festival for the followers of the religion of
Sikhism. It is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary
of the first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak Dev. This is a public holiday.
It is a day off for the general population, and schools and most
businesses are closed.
 Buddhism VI
This religious group has a small adherents in the UK.

Buddhism first found its way into Britain in the 19th century
through translations of scriptures from the various schools in
different parts of the east.

In 1907 a number of people got together and formed The

Buddhist Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

This was succeeded in 1924 by The London Buddhist

Society, founded by Christmas Humphreys. It was the first
really successful organisation in Britain to provide a platform
for all schools and traditions of Buddhism.
Buddhist In Britain Buddhism is fairly new so they will follow traditions
celebrated in Asian countries where the religion came from.
festivals
Buddha Day - Wesak or Vaisakha
This is the main Buddhist festival of the year,
celebrating the Buddha's birth, enlightenment and
death. It is celebrated on the first full moon day in May,
or the fourth lunar month which usually occurs in May or
during a lunar leap year, June.

At the London Buddhist Vihara, the celebration is always

held on a Sunday, starting at 9.00 am with the traditional
raising of the Buddhist flag, lighting of oil lamps and
administration of eight precepts.
 Phan Thị Thùy Trang

ANGLICAN
CHURCHES IN
THE UK
 01
THE
CHURCH
OF The Church of England is the established and national church in England

The monarch is the head of the Church. In a particular way, the Queen is
ENGLAND the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, with the Archbishops
of Canterbury and York below her. Its archbishops, bishops, and deans
are appointed by The Queen on the advice of the prime minister; and
Parliament has a voice in its organization and rituals.

It is divided into two geographical provinces - Canterbury and York,

each headed by an archbishop and numerous dioceses.
 THE CHURCH OF
The province of Canterbury has 30 dioceses, The
Archbishop of Canterbury is the Diocesan Bishop of
Canterbury. He takes the lead in respect of Anglican
ENGLAND
relationships with other Christian churches in the UK and
abroad, and he also leads in respect of Anglican
relationships with other faiths.

The province of York has 14 dioceses. The dioceses are

divided into archdeaconries and deaneries

The Archbishops of Canterbury and York, the Bishops of

Durham, London and Winchester, and the 21 senior
diocesan bishops from other dioceses of the Church of
England have seats in the House of Lords.

The Archbishops' Council is the center of an

administrative system dealing with inter-church relations,
interfaith relations, social questions, recruitment, and
training for the ministry and missionary work.
02 THE CHURCH IN
WALES
In the 1920s, the Church in Wales became
disestablished and independent from the Church of
England but remains in the Anglican Communion.

The Church in Wales is the Welsh branch of the Church

of England

The Church in Wales is now a disestablished church,

which means it has no connections with the British
State.

The Church in Wales forms one province made up of

six dioceses. Unlike the Archbishops of Canterbury and
York, who are appointed by the Queen upon the advice
of the Prime Minister, the bishops of these six dioceses
are elected by representatives from the dioceses, and
they elect one of their number as archbishop of the
church.
03 THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND
The Church of Scotland is the largest Protestant church in Scotland
and has a Presbyterian form of government, governed by church
courts, not an established church, and is independent of state
control.

The Queen does not hold the title 'Supreme Governor' of the Church
of Scotland

Unlike The Church of England, which is governed by bishops, the

Church of Scotland is Presbyterian in structure and has no bishops.

There are over 1500 congregations, governed locally by courts

known as Kirk Sessions. The courts above these are the
"Presbyteries", responsible for a geographical area made up of a
number of parishes.

The General Assembly or Supreme Court meets annually under the

convener ship of an elected moderator, who serves for one year.
 THE CHURCH OF
NORTHERN IRELAND
The Church of Ireland is a Christian church in Ireland
and an autonomous province of the Anglican
Communion. Like other Anglican churches, it has
retained elements of pre-Reformation practise, notably
its episcopal polity, while rejecting the primacy of the
Pope.
The (Anglican) Church of Ireland was the established
church.
The polity of the Church of Ireland is episcopal church

04 governance, as in other Anglican churches.

Northern Ireland is covered by seven dioceses, some
of which extend into the Republic of Ireland. Each
diocesan bishop is appointed by the Pope and governs
according to Canon Law
 RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN THE
UK

01 Anti-Catholicism

02 Anti-Semitism

03 Islamophobia

04 The Equality Act 2010

Phan Thị Thùy Trang
01
ANTI-CATHOLICISM IN Anti-Catholicism in the UK has its
origins in the English and Irish
THE UK Reformations under King Henry VIII
and the Scottish Reformation led by
John Knox. Within England the Act
of Supremacy 1534 declared the
English crown to be "the only
supreme head on earth of the
Church in England" in place of the
pope.
 The Act of Supremacy issued by King Henry VIII in 1534
English declared the king to be “the only supreme head on earth of
Reformation the Church in England” in place of the pope

Queen Mary I when she reinstituted Catholicism as England's

state religion=> She executed many Protestants by burning

BEGINNING Queen Mary I were reversed by a new Act of Supremacy

passed in 1559 under her successor, Elizabeth I, along with an
Act of Uniformity which made worship in the Church of
England compulsory

Elizabethan In the time of Elizabeth I, the persecution of the adherents of

regime the reformed religion, both Anglicans and Protestants alike,
which had occurred during the reign of Queen Mary I was
used to fuel strong anti-Catholic propaganda

In 1570, Pope Pius V sought to depose Elizabeth with the

papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, declaring her a heretic and
dissolving Catholics' duty of allegiance to her => engendered
a state of war between the Pope and England
 17TH AND 18TH CENTURY POLEMICS

The Great Fire of A large body of

The 'Popish Plot'
Later several London in 1666 was British laws such as
involving Titus
accusations fueled blamed on the the Popery Act 1698,
Oates further
strong anti- Catholics and an collectively known as
exacerbated
Catholicism in inscription ascribing it the Penal Laws,
Anglican-Catholic
England including the to 'Popish frenzy' was imposed various civil
relations.
Gunpowder Plot engraved on the disabilities and legal
Monument to the penalties on recusant
Great Fire of London Catholics.

02
ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE
UK
Anti-Semitism in the UK signifies hatred of and
discrimination against Jews in Britain.
Discrimination and hostility against the
community since its establishment in 1070
resulted in a series of massacres on several
occasions and their expulsion from the country in
1290.
 11TH TO 13TH CENTURY PERSECUTION
AND EXPULSION

Jews arrived in the In 1253, Henry III After being

expelled from a Subsequently,
Kingdom of enacted the converted Jews
England following Statute of Jewry number of towns
during previous were allowed to
the Norman placing a range of live in the Domus
Conquest in 1066. restrictions on decades, this early
Jewish presence in Conversorum
The earliest Jews, including (house of the
Jewish settlement segregation and England ended with
King Edward I's converted) with
was recorded in the wearing of a records up to at
about 1070. yellow badge Edict of Expulsion
in 1290 least 1551
 17TH TO 19TH CENTURY
READMITTANCE & EMANCIPATION
1953-1954
The Jewish Naturalisation Act,
which allowed Jews to
become naturalised by
application to Parliament,
received royal assent on 7 July
1753 but was repealed in 1754
due to widespread opposition
to its provisions
1858 1871
The Jews Relief Act The Universities Tests
1858 removed the Act abolished the
restriction of the oath requirement for
of office for the university staff and
Parliament to students to be
Christians, allowing adherents of the Church
Jews to become MPs. of England
 POST-WAR
In August 1947, after the hanging of two abducted British
sergeants by the Irgun, there was widespread anti-Jewish rioting
across the United Kingdom

After lobbying by the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Jews and

along with other groups, received formal legal protection from
the Race Relations Act 1965, which outlawed discrimination on
the "grounds of color, race, or ethnic or national origins" in public
places in Great Britain, and from successor legislation

However, far right groups, such as the National Front, founded in

1967 and a new British National Party, founded in 1982, continued
to express anti-Semitic views
03
ISLAMOPHOBIA IN
THE UK
Islamophobia in the UK refers to a set of
discourses, behaviors and structures which express
feelings of anxiety, fear, hostility and rejection
towards Islam or Muslims in the UK. Islamophobia
can manifest itself in a wide range of ways;
including, discrimination in the workforce, negative
coverage in the media, and violence against
Muslims.
 Muslims were being held back
IN EMPLOYMENT 01 in the workplace by
widespread Islamophobia,
racism and discrimination.

Women wearing hijab face

02 particular discrimination once
entering the workplace

01 Islamophobia in schools is a growing

concern for the UK

Many of the incidents are associated with bullying and

02 verbal abuse such as calling a fellow peer a "terrorist"
or taunting religious garments like that of a hijab
IN EDUCATION
 The Equality Act 2010 makes it unlawful to
discriminate against someone because of
religion or belief, or because of a lack of
religion or belief.

The Act says that religion means

THE EQUALITY
any religion, but doesn’t include a
definition of religion ACT 2010

The Act says that religion includes a lack of religion

which means People without a religion, such as
Atheists, Humanists and Secularists are protected
under the Act. It also means that a person who has
a particular religion will be protected if they are
discriminated against because they lack another,
different religion.
 Family life in the UK
PART 2 Family life
I. Tyes of
family
Nguyễn Song Ngọc Diệp
1. Nuclear Family 7 Types of family
2. Single Parent Family in the UK
3. Extended Family
4. Childless Family
5. Step Family
6. Grandparent Family
7. Unconventional Family
 1. The traditional type of family structure.

Nuclear family
Two parents and children.

Advantages:
Being the ideal structure of the family in which to raise
children.

Children receive strength and stability from the two-

parent structure and have more opportunities due to the
financial ease of two adults.

Disadvantages:
When parents go out to work, the children will not be
looked after or taken care of.

Children are more likely to feel lonely.

 This family consists of one parent raising
one or more children on his own. 2. SINGLE PARENT
This family may include a single mother
with her children, a single dad with his kids, FAMILY
or a single person with their kids.

Advantages:

Single-parent families are generally close and

find ways to work together to solve problems.

Disadvantages:
It may be a struggle to find childcare, as there is
only one parent working.
This limits income and opportunities in many
cases.
3. Extended Family

This family consists of two or more adults who are related, either by blood or
marriage, living in the same home.
Many extended families include cousins, aunts or uncles, and grandparents
living together.
Advantages: Extended Family
Reduce the family’s financial strain as it’s a more
affordable option.
No need to worry because there is always someone
to take care of the children.

Disadvantages:

The family knows all your business.

Grandparents may interfere when not needed and
correct what you are doing.
There may be too many visitors in the home.
Lack of privacy and may be disagreements about how
to bring up a child.
4. Childless Family

The couples who either cannot or choose

not to have children.
This family consists of two partners living
and working together.
Many childless families take on the
responsibility of pet ownership or have
extensive contact with their nieces and
nephews.
Advantages: Childless
A family without babies can save a big amount of
money. The extra money can be spent to enjoy
Family
life.
For the couple, there will be more time to focus
on developing their professional careers,
spending time on themselves as a couple.
Disadvantages:
A family without children loses the opportunity of
raising a child.
Surely these families will feel lonely in their old
ages because there won’t be someone who
cares about them.
Many marriages fail because of not having
children
 5. Step Family
This family consists of a new
husband, wife, or spouse and their
children from previous marriages
or relationships.
Stepfamilies are about as common
as the nuclear family.
Advantages:
_ The family may have a better quality of life.
_ There may be more money coming into the home if both
parents are working.
_ Parents have an adult relationship.
_ There may be a new house and a new start.
Disadvantages:
_ Older children may find it difficult to adapt to living with
another family.
_ Jealousy may be evident among the children, especially if
they are of a similar age.
6. Grandparent Family
Many grandparents today are raising
their grandchildren for a variety of
reasons.

The parents are not present in the

child's life. This could be due to
parents' death, addiction,
abandonment or being unfit parents.

Advantages:
The child develops in the love and
care of grandparents.
Respect for elders, sacrifice and
good social values are developed.
The child feels secure even in the
absence of parents.
Grandparent Family
Disadvantages:
The careless and negative remarks for parents
by grandparents can create bad effects on the
child.
Sometimes due to love grandparents tend to
over-protect and become lenient towards the
child. It makes the child indisciplined.
Difficult economic conditions. Many
grandparents need to go back to work or find
additional sources of income to help raise
their grandchildren.
7. Unconventional Family
Unconventional families are the Advantages:
types of families that are
A child can be loved by many fathers or mothers
unexpected in most social norms.
There will be more brothers and sisters
Polygamous families for example
are unconventional. They are
comprised of one father, multiple Disadvantages:
mothers, and children.
Children may struggle to adjust to living with another
family or having multiple fathers or mothers.
Polyandrous families are another
example of unconventional families. Jealousy may be visible among the children,
They consist of one woman and particularly if they are of a similar age.
multiple men forming a family.
Jealousy can also appear in wives or husbands
because his/her love is not only for only one person.
 Changes in family life

Same sex
Marriage Cohabitation marriage

Role of
Divorce
women
Trần Anh Thư
In 1971 around 405,000 people married. This
number had dropped to 475,000 in 2021
1. MARRIAGE
Only about 60% of these couples will
eventually get maried.

Reasons: the cost, the shift in society's

attitude that people should marry, and
women's financial independence from men

Nowadays, only one in three marriages

involved a religious ceremony, half as
many as in 1991. As society becomes more
secular, the sanctity of marriage has lost
its importance
2. Cohabitation
The act of living together in a sexual partnership
without being married. Many couples, mostly in their
twenties or thirties live together(cohabitation) without
getting married
In the UK, in recent years, the falling marriage rates and
increased births outside marriage have become a
political issue, with questions of whether the government
should promote marriage

However, It is also an option for people not able to marry

for financial or social factors
Sex before marriage is now socially acceptable.
3. Same sex marriage
Same-sex marriage - granted to gay and
lesbian couples under the Marriage (Same
Sex) Couples Act 2014.

It gives same-sex couples marriage rights,

including property rights, pension benefits,
and inheritance.

It also allows parental responsibility for a

spouse's children.

It has been recognised and performed in

England and Wales since March 2014, in
Scotland since December 2014, and in
Northern Ireland since January 2020.
 4. Role of women
In nineteenth-century Britain, women in Britain had fewer rights in
law than men. In 1857, a married woman had no right to divorce her
husband, and until 1882 a woman’s earnings, along with any
property or money she brought to the marriage, automatically
belonged to her husband.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, an increasing
number of women campaigned and demonstrated for greater rights
and, in particular, the right to vote. The dependence on female
labour in the Second World War and the suffragette movement
meant that the roles of women changed significantly.
In the past, Many jobs were closed to women, and women found it
very difficult to enter university.Women in Britain make up 51
percent of the population, and 45 percent of the workforce. Girls, as
a whole, leave school today with better qualifications than boys, and
there are now more women than men at university. Employment
opportunities for women now are much greater than they were in
the past.
5. DIVORCE
In the past, people got married and stayed married;
divorce was very difficult, expensive, and take a
long time.

22 per cent of marriages ended in divorce (XX)

This percentage had risen to 33 per cent (XXI)

Reasons: law- divorce is now a very easy process taking

as little as six weeks.

Other reasons include the social stigma of divorce

no longer being an issue and increasing financial
independence for women.
 II. SOCIAL WELFARE IN THE UK

1. 4.
2. 3.
Cash Health and
Housing Education Social care
benefits

Trần Anh Thư

 The United Kingdom's current welfare system began to take

Introduce
shape after World War II and has continued to change for the
following thirty years.

The U.K encountered serious economic problems

The rise of Margaret Thatcher and the Conservative Party after

1979

During that time, the issue of welfare reform was high on the
agenda

The importance of the welfare state in the U.K can also be

gauged when one considers that the government spends two-
thirds of its budget on the welfare state and the services
provided by it.

Since the same political party ran the U.K for so many years, it
could pursue its welfare agenda in whatever direction it chose.
 1. CASH BENEFITS

The national insurance

The category of cash system makes up the lion's
The most widely used
benefits can be broken share of the social
form in the U.K. are cash
down into three subgroups, expenditure in the U.K
benefits that makeup while the non-contributory
which are national
around 10% of the Gross benefits rank second and
insurance, means-tested,
Domestic Product (GDP) means-tested benefits last.
and non-contributory A problem in the U.K. have

benefits. been the low benefit levels

 2. HOUSING
Public housing consists mainly of council-
owned rented housing.

The owner-occupation housing, however, is the

most popular in the U.K.

Three-fourths of working-class homeowners in

the U.K live in sub dwellings.

Council housing is controlled by the local

government and is usually provided by applying
a means test.
3. EDUCATION
Education is available to all school-age
children through the ages of five to sixteen

As children reach the age of sixteen,

fewer lower-class children move on to
further their education and move,
instead, directly into the workforce

The system of higher education

does reflect a class bias.
 4. HEALTHCARE
Health care is the second major part of the U.K.'s
welfare system.
It is organized through the National Health Service
(NHS) and financed by taxes
The system is popular and relatively cost-effective by
the standards of other countries
As it is universal, it covers the entire population and
is virtually free to people
Yet, those who need non-emergency medical services
must wait sometimes up to one or two years.
 Challenges for the welfare

the Conservative
government relied on
level of cutting taxes,
unemployment. deregulations, and
=> coincided privatization to pull the
aging of country out of its lasting
with high rates
the economic high
of inflation
population
Thank you
for listening!