**Attendance**

**Prayer**
Presentation: https://www.canva.com/design/DAEsJaCKog0/tmR7vMOreh9iMKJLjet5zQ/view?
utm_content=DAEsJaCKog0&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=publishsharelink#20

**Recap**

TODAY'S TOPICS
Quick recap Brief History: World English
Classification of World Englishes
NEST and Non-NEST
Kowledge Check

Who among you can still remember what was discussed last week by Ma’am Josh?
1. You were given linguistic situations and you have identified what was the best linguistic discipline that’s fit to it.
-Maam Josh elaborate more on the different linguistic disciplines:
- HISTORICAL-has something to do with the origin of the Philippine language
- PSYCHOLINGUISTIC-explore the psychological processes that involves in the use of language
- SOCIOLINGUISTIC-more on social behaviour
- CLINICAL LINGUISTIC-there is an intervention of clinical field
- APPLIED LINGUISTIC-understanding how language and communication works and being able to put it
into practice or application affectively.
- NEUROLINGUISTIC-it is understanding the brain function when we try to communicate, acquire
knowledge, read or write.

2. You were given a group task on “How does the knowledge of these subfields or disciplines help improve an
educator’s teaching expertise and pedadogy?”
3. Discussed about the 3 principal approaches in language teaching: Behaviorist, innatist, cognitivist, sociocultural
perspective. Then you some of you were able to give your favourite perspective.
4. Give an introduction on World Englishes.
Let’s take a quick trip down memory lane:

-Native language before in Britain was Celtic.

-After the invasion of Germanic tribes: the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes the language was changed from Celtic to
English but mostly still in latin form.
-Latern on, the Vikings invaded Britain creating a cultural shift again on the language. From Old English which is
mostly Latin got mixed up with Old Norse (Scandinavian language).
-After that, the invasion of Normans led by William Saxton, also known as William the Conqueror. That made a
substantial impact on English as French became the language of power and royalty at that time for 200 years.
-English rose to become the language of power and influence once again starting 1589 with William Shakespeare’s
famous plays and novels. Printing was the single most important factor that led to the standardization of English,
as it was widely spread and distributed for the whole world to learn and read.
-Even after Shakespeare’s time, Britain continued to take over a lot of countries, establishing the British Empire. It
was the largest empire in history and for over a century has the highest global power. With British colonization, the
colonized had to learn English, leaving new varieties of the language to develop all over the world. Canadian,
Australian, New Zealand, South African, and Indian, are common variations.
- Around the 1600s, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American
variety of English. And this dialect became the most influential to the extent that it now influences the vocabulary
of British English. Because of America’s dominance over cinema, television, popular music, trade, and technology
(including the Internet) throughout the years, it made English even more universal!
- English has really become a ‘global’ language after its evolution over the years.
Confirm understanding:

Now, knowing the history of English and how it spread around the world,
“Why do you think it is popular and why has it become a global language?”

**Ask for volunteers to hear their thoughts about it.**

Here’s some of the reasons why:

Historical reasons: spread through trade and colonization, wars, and cultural dissemination
Education reasons: English is much more developed than other languages.
Political reasons: Language of superpower and language of political institution (global leaders communicate)
Intellectual reasons: Scientific, technological, and academic information available in English
Economic reasons: working language in multinational corporations (google – widely used all over the world)
Practical reasons: international air traffic, emergency services (medium of communication)
Entertainment reasons: language of popular music, cultures, broadcasting
Intro for new topic:
The world-wide spread of English led to having varieties of English language. Let’s now understand the
differences between World English and World Englishes:

World English – refers to the English language as “lingua franca” used in business, trade, diplomacy and other
spheres of global activity.

-is the concept of the English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects
-the movement towards an international standard for the language.
-It is also referred to as Global English, World English, Common English, Continental English or General English

World Englishes – refers to the emergence of localized or indigenized varieties of English

– like those that have developed in nations colonized by Great Britain or influenced by the United States.
- It is developed through education system, English was not spoken by majority of people, has become
“nativised” by own language features

Philippine English -distinct and has been through linguistic and sociolinguistic processes
-unique in its own national and ethnic context

-is any variety of English (similar and related to American English) native to the Philippines, including those used
by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. English is taught in schools as one of the two official
languages of the country, the other being Filipino (Tagalog).

Standard English - the English with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary is substantially
uniform though not devoid of regional differences, that is well established by usage in the formal and informal
speech and writing of the educated, and that is widely recognized as acceptable wherever English is spoken and
understood
- variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the
speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language.
- most widely accepted and understood either within an English-speaking country or throughout the entire
English-speaking world.
Major English varieties widely accepted:

American English- dialect used in the United States and commonly used internationally due to the country’s
influence overseas.

- is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States and widely adopted in Canada. English
is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the common language used by the federal
government, considered the de facto language of the country because of its widespread use.

-Major dialects:
- African American English
- American Indian English – ethnic group
- Canadian - combines influences from US English (e.g., preferring -ize spellings
of words like realize and organize) with some elements of British English (e.g., using the UK
spelling colour rather than color).
- Northeastern American
- Southern States American English – regional dialects or varieties

British English - is the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout
the British Isles. Slight regional variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom.

- American and British English differ quite a bit in some respects, especially in vocabulary and spelling (e.g.,
center vs. centre).

Since there are numerous varieties of English language, experts have proposed many models to try to classify
English speakers. However, not all linguists agree in which classification is the best. One of those classifications I
will present to you is the Braj Kachru’s Concentric Circle Model of the spread of English. Before that, the most
common classification of Englishes, especially in the language teaching world, has been distinguish between:

Classification of World Englishes: (teaching world)

ENL: English as a native language, these are native speakers born in an English-speaking country, having then
this language as their mother tongue or first tongue.

-- Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States are countries in which English is
said to be spoken and used as a native language.

ESL: English as a second language, these are the non-native speakers who have learnt English almost at the same
time as their mother tongue.

- Countries where English is an important and usually official language, but not the main language of the
country. These countries are typically ex-colonies of the United Kingdom or the United States.
-example: Nigeria, India, Malaysia and the Philippines are examples of countries in which English is said to be
spoken and used as a second language.

EFL: English as a foreign language, these are the non-native speakers who learnt English in a country where
English is not usually spoken.

- countries where English is not actually used or spoken very much in the normal course of daily life. In these
countries, English is typically learned at school, but students have little opportunity to use English outside the
classroom and therefore little motivation to learn English.
Example: China, Indonesia, Japan and many countries in the Middle East are countries in which English is said to
operate as an EFL.

We also have the “Three circle model of World Englishes”, proposed by Braj Kachru in 1988.
His “Three circle model of World Englishes”, states that there are three circles inside which, the different
speakers are classified. The different circles are:

Inner Circle - represents the more traditional bases of English and that it is used as their original mother tongue
and primary medium of instruction. These places are where the norms are created and from which they spread to
the other circles.

- Countries from the inner circle are United Kingdom,the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New
Zealand.

Outer Circle -represents the places where they speak official non-native varieties of English because of their
colonial history. The speakers of these places are the ones who challenge the norms and develop them.

-They use English as an additional language for their own purposes, which include many national and
international domains. It includes countries which “have gone through extended periods of colonization,
essentially by the users of the inner circle varieties” (Kachru, 1985).

-Countries like Philippines, Nigeria, Singapore and India. They use English as a second national language or a
medium of instruction in schools.

Expanding Circle - is made up by EFL speakers where English is not usually spoken. In this circle the speakers have
to follow the rules established by the Inner Circle and developed or challenged by the Outer one. English is used
mainly for business and international purposes.

-Countries of this circle are China, Greece, Saudi Arabia, and Israel.

Summary: All in all, Kachru’s model has had a lot of importance in the history of sociolinguistics, however, it also
shows some problems that need to be solved in order to include all the speakers of the English language.

Now let’s go to the topic that is still being debated until now in the teaching world.
NEST or Non-NEST

NEST (Native English Speaking Teacher) - people who acquired the language naturally and effortlessly in
childhood, through a combination of exposure, the child's innate talent for language learning and the need to
communicate.
Non-NEST (Non-native English Speaking Teacher) – people who used English as their second language. They can
be fluent in speaking English, however, it was acquired through education system

Ask students participation: (maybe 2 or 3)

What’s your view point: Who makes a better English teacher, NEST or Non-NEST?

For me, regardless if NEST or NNEST, we must notice the learner’s language needs and desires. What is important
is we are learning English and its set of rules with the understanding that there are exemptions always to consider.
One exemption is that the rules may not be the same in all contexts.

Both NESTs and NNESTs can become skilled, effective teachers. Everyone has strengths, and everyone has
challenges to overcome. With preparation and experience, we can all do it!

Knowledge Check: Quizziz

There are 2 ways to join but both will require you to log in on your google account. So kindly sign in using your
ctu email. You will only allowed to take it once. Score will show right away after you answered everything.
Deadline is on Wednesday, October 13, 6PM.

Final: https://quizizz.com/join?gc=48957790

1. Ask participants to open: joinmyquiz.com

2. And enter this code: 4895 7790