SDG-7_3_3 engl.

Automatic Process Control Computer

Measuring Run
Versine / Longitudinal Level Compensation

Operating Instructions
Date of Issue: June 2011
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Copyright © Plasser & Theurer

All rights reserved, particularly the right to produce copies, to distribute these copies, as
well to translate the work. Without written consent of Plasser & Theurer no part of this
work may be reproduced in any form (photocopy, microfilm or other methods) or stored,
processed, copied or distributed with the help of electronic systems.
 SDG-7_3_3 3

Table of Contents ..........................................................................................................Page

1 Short description of the functional range .......................................................................... 5
1.1 Measuring Run...................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Electronic versine compensation .......................................................................... 5
1.3 Electronic longitudinal level compensation ........................................................... 5
2 The measuring run ........................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Preparatory work on the machine ......................................................................... 6
2.2 Starting / preparing a measuring run in the ALC program..................................... 7
2.3 Carrying out the measuring run............................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Graphic window during a measuring run ..................................................... 8
2.3.2 Setting Markers, Reference Points and Constraints .................................. 10
3 Measuring run representation......................................................................................... 11
3.1 Table of constraints............................................................................................. 11
3.2 Graphic window after a measuring run ............................................................... 12
3.2.1 Editing markers, reference points, constraints, etc. ................................... 13
3.2.1.1 Marker Window....................................................................................... 14
3.2.1.2 Reference points and constraints window .............................................. 14
4 Versine and longitudinal level compensation, nominal superelevation........................... 16
4.1 Compensation range........................................................................................... 16
4.2 Nominal superelevation....................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 Nominal superelevation input .................................................................... 17
4.2.2 Editing nominal superelevation.................................................................. 18
4.2.3 Information on nominal superelevation...................................................... 18
4.3 Versine compensation, insertion of constant areas ............................................ 19
4.3.1 Versine compensation ............................................................................... 19
4.3.2 Constant areas .......................................................................................... 22
4.4 Longitudinal level compensation, inserting constant areas ................................. 25
4.4.1 Longitudinal level compensation................................................................ 25
4.4.2 Constant areas .......................................................................................... 28
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1 Short description of the functional range

On track without existing track layout plan the WinALC program together with the machine
measuring system offers the facility of carrying out a measuring run.
After data recording change into operating mode. Now a target superelevation value can be
defined and an automatic compensation calculation carried out.
This electronic versine compensation calculates versine and displacement values for track
alignment, the electronic longitudinal level compensation gives lifting values for longitudinal
track level.
During work mode the calculated values are automatically transmitted to the measurement
system.

1.1 Measuring Run

During a measuring run the current versine and longitudinal level values, as well as track
superelevation are measured. The distance transducer fitted onto the measuring wheel provides
the required distance signals.
The measurement system fitted on the machine is used for data recording.
Versine values are measured by the versine transducer, longitudinal level - by the respective level
transducer selected for measurement (reference rail) and superelevation by the respective
pendulum. These measurements are simultaneously displayed on the screen.
Note: The measuring transducers can be determined on the machine layout plan.
During the measuring run markers can be set for various events.

1.2 Electronic versine compensation

Means the calculation of versine compensation values. The versine measurements are taken as
basis for this calculation.
By selecting track categories and entering the maximum admissible displacement values, as well
as under consideration of the existing constraints alignment correction values acceptable for
working on the recorded track section will be calculated. The selection of various track categories
helps the optimum result to be calculated.
The target alignment calculated in this way and the respective displacement values required to
obtain this target alignment curve will ensure an essential improvement of the track geometry after
treatment. The obtainable precision depends, however, on the location and the extent of alignment
defects existing before treatment.

1.3 Electronic longitudinal level compensation

Means the calculation of longitudinal level compensation values. The level measurements of the
level transducer (longitudinal level) are the basis for this calculation.
By selecting track categories and entering the maximum admissible lifting values, as well as under
consideration of the existing constraints and changes in gradient, level correction values
acceptable for treating the recorded track section will be calculated. The selection of various track
categories helps the optimum result to be calculated.
The target longitudinal level calculated in this way and the respective lifting values required to
obtain this target level curve will ensure an essential improvement of the track longitudinal level
geometry after treatment. The obtainable precision depends, however, on the location and the
extent of longitudinal level defects existing before treatment.
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2 The measuring run

2.1 Preparatory work on the machine

The measurements obtained during a measuring run will be valid only as long as track geometry
will not change due to a larger number of trains passing. These considerations also determine the
length of the track section to be measured.
Before starting a measuring run make sure that the machine lining and levelling systems are ready
for service.
It is advisable to drive a short distance to rule out any measurement errors in the beginning of the
measuring run which might occur due to lining or sensing rollers not fitting closely to the rail.
During this short run the operator should read the analogue measuring instruments to find a
suitable starting position. A suitable track section is a track without measurements scattering
widely.
Before starting the measuring run the location of the machine must be marked on the track to
make sure that work will be started in exactly the same location. In order to achieve exact
measurements the measuring run should start in the same direction as work.
Switch the lining system to 3-point measurement.
Activate the superelevation selector switch to determine the reference rail for longitudinal level
recording.
The reference rail for versine recording has been selected by pressing the versine measuring
system against the respective rail.
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2.2 Starting / preparing a measuring run in the ALC program

To open the start window click the symbol on the symbol bar or press Alt+D and afterwards N as
well as M.
Select the individual fields with the tabulator or with shift+tabulator and choose the respective
function with the help of the directional keys ▲▼.
Selection, of course, can be done also with the help of the mouse.
Starting position:
The starting position will usually be selected
as 0 m. If necessary, any starting position
may be entered, the values have to be
entered in metres.
Working direction:
If the kilometric position of the starting point
has been entered, make the selection in the
working direction selection box for
measurement to be made according to
ascending or descending kilometric
marking.

Measurement direction:
A measuring run ca be carried out in forward or backward direction, compared to the working
direction.
If backward measurement has been chosen, the end position of the measuring run is at the same
time the starting point for working.
Bogie support on
If the bogie support is switched on the respective field has to be activated (ticked off) by pressing
the space bar.
Operating modes:
Standard mode (preselected automatically).
This mode has to be used when carrying out a measuring run with the machine. Distance will
be covered by the distance measuring wheel.
Tastatursimulation (preselected automatically on office computers, where only this
mode is available). This mode is used to make a distance simulation with the directional
keys.
Distance wheel simulation
When selecting this option, distance will be simulated at constant speed.
After having selected the above mentioned items, confirm the entires to change to the WinALC –
[Messx*] window.

2.3 Carrying out the measuring run

When the machine has been prepared and the respective option in the start measuring run
window, the measuring run can be started.
During a measuring run versine, actual superelevation and longitudinal level will be recorded
depending on distance. Versine recording relates to the position of the front tightening trolley,
longitudinal level recording - to the position of the front transducer. The position of superelevation
recording corresponds to the position of the pendulum chosen for actual superelevation recording.
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Change reference points:

In the measuring run mode, as well as in working mode, it is advisable to change the reference
rail in changes in track geometry, such as changes of curves and / or superelevation. The
reference point for a meausuring run is the front tensioning trolley. A marker can be set for this
location in the ALC.
For level measurement the same reference rail must be selected in working mode, as well as
switching to the other rail must be done in the same locations. The surveying trolley operator
can transmit this information to the operator in the working cabin.
Setting of markers, constraints, reference points etc.:
If markers, reference points, constraints or sychronization points have to be set, this needs to
be done when the machine reference point has reached the respective place on the track.
Stopping the measuring run: to stop the measuring run after the machine has come to standstill
click the respective symbol or keep the Ctrl key pressed and press E.

2.3.1 Graphic window during a measuring run

The screen displays the current measuring run graphically.
The measuring run mode is identified in the status bar, where the text measuring run is
displayed.

In default settings the program shows only the graphic window. It is, however, also possible to
display only the constraints table or both windows one beneath the other.
 SDG-7_3_3 9

Title bar: shows the file name given by the WinALC program.
Status bar: the indication on the right hand end of the status bar shows that the measuring run
is active.
Positioning line: the blue horizontal line shows the reference point of the machine on the chart.
Usually, this is the front tightening trolley.
Positioning column:
The positioning bar shows the actual location in red. The other data refers to the distance scale
set.
Synchronization column:
This column shows the markers and constraints.
Reference rail:
The reference rail selected for alignment and level is shown as the blue rail in the track symbol
above the respective columns.
Alignment: (red line)
The alignment column shows the versine measurements.
A graphic representation left of the zero line, seen in measurement direction, is a right hand
curve.
The measured values will be shown, depending on the selection in the program settings (see
settings), as actual ersine in mm or radius in m. These are the actual measurements of the
corresponding transducer relating to the location of the transducer.
Superelevation: (brown line)
The superelevation column displays the measurements of the pendulum selected.
The graphic representation left of the zero line, seen in measuring direction, indicates that the
left rail is higher than the right rail.
The superelevation values indicated on top of the column are the measurements in mm relating
to the location of the transducer.
Level:(violet line)
The level column displays the longitudinal level of the selected reference rail.
The graphic representation left of the zero line means a negative value.
The values indicated on top of the column are the measurements of the transducer in mm,
related to the location of the transducer.
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2.3.2 Setting Markers, Reference Points and Constraints

During a measuring run, but also in the subsequent representation of measuring run markers
can be set with the help of the corresponding functional keys or symbols.
Trigger the respective function as soon as the front tensioning trolley has reached the location of
the event. The symbol will be entered in the synchronization column with the corresponding
displacement by distance depending on the location of the transducer.
Note: If the field show input dialogue for markers during measuring run is active in the
program settings, whenever you set a marker, a will open a window where you can enter your
remarks.
F2 Alignment marker, control point (red dot)
Is used as a marker for characteristic geometry features to evaluate calculation results after
a versine compensation.
Does not influence any calculation procedures.
F3 Superelevation marker, (light brown square)
If information on superelevation is available on the rails, it can be entered during the
measuring run. These points make it easier to later on determine the nominal superelevation
values.
F4 Longitudinal level marker (violet triangle)
If information on changes in gradient are recorded in the track, it can be entered during the
measuring run.
These markers influence the calculation of longitudinal level compensation in the area of
transition curves.
F6 Reference point (dark brown square)
If a certain point in the track (for example a mast) must not be shifted or needs to be shifted
by a certain value, a reference point marker has to be set in this location. It is also possible
enter a displacement up to a certain tolerance value.
After the measuring run the shifting and tolerance values can be entered into the reference
points/constraints table.
F7 Constraint (dark brown area)
Has the same function as “reference point”. When such an area has been started, it can be
completed only by hitting the key a second time. To be used for such events as stations or
track formations mounted rigidly on bridges.
After the measuring run the shifting and tolerance values can be entered into the reference
point/constraint table, separately for starting point and end point of the area.
F8 Synchronization points (green square)
Should not be used during a measuring run.
In working mode they might lead to a shifting of the calculated outputs!
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3 Measuring run representation

After a measuring run or after opening a stored measuring run the two windows shown below will
be displayed on the screen.
The default setting is the graphic window on top and the table of constraints beneath it. It is,
however, possible to display ony one of these windows, the chart or the table.

With the help of the control keys F11 and F12 you can swap over to the other window. Use F12 to
display the windows one beneath the other.
If one of the windows has been closed by mistake, F11 or F12 will open it again.

3.1 Table of constraints

To edit or enter new constraints or reference points you can also use the table of constraints.
12 SDG-7_3_3

Each line represents a constraint or a reference point.

The two arrows on the left and right hand edges indicate the current line.
To move during input between the fields from the left to the right use the tabulator key, to move
from the right to the left, use shift+tabulator.
Before closing the window store the modifications made, otherwise this data will be lost.

3.2 Graphic window after a measuring run

The graphic window is identical in the measuring run mode and in the represent measuring run
mode.
All functions concerning the measuring run mode are described there. All functions that are
additionally available in the represent measuring run mode are described below.

Use the chart to get an overview of the measuring run loaded and, if necessary, to change
markers and constraints.
Information on measured values and markers:
If you position the mouse pointer in any place of the chart on one of the three recorded data lines
or on one of the symbols in the synchronization column, after about 1 second a field will be
opened for about 5 seconds.
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The respective field selected contains information on the position and the measured value.

A symbol of a constraint/reference point additionally contains information on absolute and

tolerance values.
Editing markers, reference points etc.:
Doubleclicking the corresponding symbol of the synchronization column opens the required
window where you can edit constraints, reference points etc.
Comparison of two measuring run files:
In graphic representation mode you can compare two measuring runs, (e.g. measurement before
and after tamping). For this purpose use the load additional file command to open a second file,
which will be displayed in lilac (all three geometry fields).

3.2.1 Editing markers, reference points, constraints, etc.

If the synchronisation column contains symbols, you can shift over to the next or previous symbol
with the corresponding commands.
alignment marker to the preceding Ctrl + F2 to the next Shift + F2
superelevation marker to the preceding Ctrl + F3 to the next Shift + F3
longitudinal level marker to the preceding Ctrl + F4 to the next Shift + F4
constraint/reference p. to the preceding Ctrl + F6 to the next Shift + F6

The symbol selected currently will flash. Pressing the Enter key opens a window to work on this
symbol.
Editing can be controlled with the mouse, as described below, or in the context menu.

Change: doubleclick the respective symbol in the synchronization column

and make the changes in the window that will open.
Delete: activate the respective symbol in the synchronization column by
clicking it, on when it has started flashing, hit the delete key; answering the
query with yes will delete the symbol.
Insert information: doubleclick the respective symbol in the
synchronization column, enter your remarks into the marker window that will
open.
All operations mentioned above can also be selected in the context menu
of the synchronization column or in the menu bar under the item
measuring run or with the help of the respective control keys.
14 SDG-7_3_3

3.2.1.1 Marker Window

Alignment and longitudinal level marker window

Position: by changing the digits in this field you change

the position oft he marker selected.
Remark: you can enter an annotation concerning the
marker selected.

Superelevation marker window

Position: by changing the digits in this field you change the

position oft he marker selected.
Remark: (superelevation) if you enter a digit instead of an
annotation, it will be accepted when target
superelevation will be defined.

3.2.1.2 Reference points and constraints window

In standard mode, no versine and longitudinal level compensation is carried out for areas of
reference points and constraints and, consequently, no slewing and lifting values will be created
during calculation.
If you enter an absolute value for alingnment or if you enter values in the tolerance fields,
compensation in the area of a constraint will be carried out until the displacement or lifting value
has reached the tolerance.

Reference point window

Position: location of the reference
point
Abs. value, slewing direction: in
order to reach the absolute value
entered, within a 15 m range the
slewing values will be adapted in the
selected direction.
The default value is 0 meaning no
slewing.

Tolerance l.h.s./r.h.s.: the subsequent compensation calculation allows displacement up to the

 SDG-7_3_3 15

tolerance value entered to be made. The default value is 0, which means no displacement.
Longitudinal level: if this field is active, the reference point is also effective for longitudinal
level. If required, a corresponding tolerance value has to be input.

Constraint window
Start pos., end pos.: defines
the starting and end point of
the constraint.
Absolute start / end vlaue: in
order to obtain the absolute
starting value and end value
entered, the slewing values will be
adapted within a range von XX m
in the corresponding direction.
The default value is 0 meaning no
displacement.

Tolerance l. h. / r. h. see reference points

Longitudinal level: see reference points
Tolerance (max. lifting value): see reference points
16 SDG-7_3_3

4 Versine and longitudinal level compensation, nominal superelevation

After a measuring run or after opening a measuring run file with data recorded earlier, you are in
the represent measuring run mode.
To be able to edit the measurements, change to the calculation mode with the command “perform
compensation”.
If no compensation was carried out before, this window looks identical with the window of the
"represent measuring run" mode. The symbols and values displayed in their original colour and in
green indicate that the calculation mode is on.

The following operations can be made in this window:

determination of the compensation area

determination of a taget superelevation curve

versine compensation, entering constant areas

longitudinal level compensation and entering constant areas

4.1 Compensation range

Use the Compensation >elements >compensation range to select part of the entire
measurement file for which slewing and lifting values need to be calculated.
Adaptation values will be calculated for starting and end points of these areas.
 SDG-7_3_3 17

4.2 Nominal superelevation

To improve the superelevation curve you are advised to enter realistic and consistent
superelevation values.

4.2.1 Nominal superelevation input

When entering superelevation elements you determinet he nominal superelevation curve.
The superelevation record of the measuring run determines the required values; it is displayed in
the superelevation column as a brown line.
Superelevation elements should be set wherever the graphic shows that superelevation changes
would be appropriate.
If during a measuring run set superelevation markers were set, these locations should be used.

To enter a superelevation value, the

positioning line has to be in the required
position.
The nominal superelevation command
in the compensation - elements menu
or the F10 control key opens a window.
Enter or select the required values and
press OK to confirm.
Note:
A description of how to move the
positioning line is given in the chapter
General Information on Windows.

Position: location for which the superelevation

value is entered
Superelevation: displays the measured
superelevation value. If a value was entered in
the "remark“ field of a superelevation marker,
this value will now be preset. Accept or change
the value.
Superelevation direction: select the high side
with the space bar or the mouse.
Superelevation ramp shape: the default
indication is a linear ramp shape. To improve
adaptation to the superelevation ramp recorded,
a different ramp shape can be selected.
18 SDG-7_3_3

Move the positioning line to the next input place and

define the nominal superelevation value for this
position.
The superelevation values entered will be represented
as a green line.
All subsequent superelevation values can be entered
in the way described above, until the end of the
measuring run is reached.
Note:
If superelevation markers were set during the
measuring run, use Shift or Ctrl together with F3 to
get to these locations.
If an area with constant superelevation exists, it will be
sufficient to press F10 and Enter in the next input
location (opening and closing the input window). Thus,
the superelevation value of the first input place will be
accepted.

4.2.2 Editing nominal superelevation

Activate a superelevation element to change or delete it. The simplest way is to double-click this
element. The element starts flashing.
Changing an element: enter the new value in the open window and confirm.
Deleting an element: the simplest way to delete an activated element is to hit the Del key and
answer yes to the following query.

4.2.3 Information on nominal superelevation

Difference indication: when you place the

mouse pointer on the superelevation line, a
window will open and display the position and
the difference between measured and pre-
defined superelevation.
Indication of ramp length and
superelevation: besides, the chart shows the
pre-defined superelevation value and the ramp
length.
Starting and end position of an element:
when you place the mouse pointer on a
superelevation value or the ramp length, a
window will open displaying the starting and
end position of the respective element.
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4.3 Versine compensation, insertion of constant areas

For versine compensation calculation it is essential to select a track category and define a
maximum displacement value.
On the basis of these values entered by the operator versine compensation will be calculated for
the current measuring run file. Existing constraints and reference points will be considered.
After the first, automatic versine compensation calculation constant areas can be defined.
The versine image recorded during the measuring run and the calculated versine curve as well as
the displacement values resulting from it will be displayed on the screen.

4.3.1 Versine compensation

The "versine compensation" command opens the window shown below.

In this window you select a track category and enter the maximum slewing values, thus defining
the calculation stage and the required degree of compensation.
Track categories determine the degree of smoothing to be achieved. The higher the track
category, the higher will be the difference between recorded and calculated versine value.
Maximum displacement values determine the maximum slewing value admissible for the
calculation.
The read in last compensation command displays the result of the last calculation graphically.
By pressing the "enter key" you start the calculation.
If too high a track category or too narrow limits have been selected, a corresponding message
will appear. Either a lower track category or a higher maximum slewing value needs to be
entered.
20 SDG-7_3_3

In the alignment column of the chart the calculated versine (green) is superimposed on the
versine image recorded during the measuring run (red).
On top of the graphic chart the recorded (red) and the calculated value (green) (radius or
versine, depending on your selection) for the place determined by the positioning line are
displayed.
The difference (Diff) between recorded and calculated versine value will be shown for about 5
seconds, when you move the mouse pointer to the respective position and leave it there.
The displacement column of the chart displays the slewing values resulting from versine
compensation, and the maximum lines (red dashed line).
When moving the mouse pointer to the displacement values curve and leaving it there, after
about 1 second these values will be shown for about 5 seconds in a window.
The slewing values of the respective points selected with the positioning line will also be
shown on top of the chart.
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The aim should be to get the best possible versine course corresponding to the existing
geometry with the minimum possible displacement. Generally, the optimum result that still can
be realised in working mode shoulde be stored.
Too high a compensation level will lead to undesirable deviations, above all, in locations
where the geometric forms change, which in turn creates a versine curve that no longer
corresponds to the basic track geometry form.

If all the measures described above do not lead to the required results, you can still define
constant areas
22 SDG-7_3_3

4.3.2 Constant areas

If it is required to further improve the curve, constant areas can be defined.
Such areas should be defined only after the first compensation calculation. Every area that is
being defined, should also be re-calculated.
To insert a constant area, move the positioning line to the starting position of the area and open
the starting point using the symbol or the F5 control key. Now use the arrow keys to move the line
up or down to the end of the required constant area. Use the same command to finish.

Constant areas are displayed as areas with green edges. When a constant area has been set, use
the compensation > start new calculation command to re-calculate the geometry.
If the new versine curve does not meet the requirements, the compensation results can be
changed by changing the area and repeating calculation.
 SDG-7_3_3 23

A window opens where start and end, as well as longitudinal level curve can be selected.

Linear course is used for transition curves, but

also for curves with changing curvature.
is used for straight sections only.
R-Constant area is used for curves with
roughly the same curvature. You can enter a
radius in the input field the value of which
should correspond to the average curvature of
the curve.
If no radius is entered a radius will be
calculated automatically that corresponds to the
average curvature.
To confirm the versine course press the OK
key.

Important: constant areas have to be set in such a way that a symmetric versine
compensation relating to the average versine of the marked area can be carried out.
Avoid sectioning which would lead to one-side versine modifications.

The image to the left displays a constant

area with wrong marking.
(Together with the transition curve the
curve and the following part of the
transition curve were selected).
24 SDG-7_3_3

One versine image allows several

areas to be defined.
When the required versine curve has
been obtained, close the calculation
with the Compensation > finish
calculation.

Before leaving the represent calculation mode the modified file has to be stored. Otherwise, the
modifications will be lost.

Modification of Constant Areas

To modify a constant area it must be active, i.e., the element must flash. By clicking the respective
element you activate it. When you press the enter key this will open the element window where
you can carry out modifications.
You can also move the positioning line within the element field close to the line of the area to be
deleted and press F5; the area line will be deleted. When moving the positioning line you can
change the area. Pressing the F5 or the enter key again allows modifications to be made in the
open window.
Deleting Constant Areas
Activate the corresponding constant areas as described above and press the Del key. After
confirmation the constant area will be deleted.
 SDG-7_3_3 25

4.4 Longitudinal level compensation, inserting constant areas

For longitudinal level compensation calculation it is essential to select a track category and define
a minimum and maximum lifting value.
On the basis of these values entered by the operator longitudinal level compensation will be
calculated for the current measuring run file. Existing constraints and reference points or changes
in gradient will be considered.
After the first, automatic longitudinal levelcompensation calculation constant areas can be defined.
The longitudinal level image recorded during the measuring run and the calculated longitudinal
level curve as well as the lifting values resulting from it will be displayed on the screen.

4.4.1 Longitudinal level compensation

Use the Compensation >Longitudinal level compensation... in the calculation representation
mode to open the longitudinal level compensation window.
The screen now displays the track category and lifting value selection options.

Track categories determine the degree of smoothing to be achieved. The higher the track
category, the higher will be the difference between recorded longitudinal level and the
calculated compensation line.
The minimum and maximum lifting values determine the calculation limits.
When selecting or entering the respective values, you thus determine the basis for the longitudinal
level compensation calculation.
The read in last compensation command displays the result of the last calculation graphically.
By pressing the OK key you start the calculation.
If too high a track category and / or too narrow limits have been selected, a corresponding
message will appear. Either a lower track category or a higher maximum lifting value needs to
be entered.
26 SDG-7_3_3

In the level column of the chart the calculated longitudinal level (green) is superimposed on the
longitudinal level curve of the reference rail recorded during the measuring run (violet).
On top of the graphic chart the recorded (violet) and the calculated value (green) for the place
determined by the positioning line are displayed.
When moving the mouse pointer to a certain position and leaving it there, the difference
between the recorded and the calculated longitudinal level value will be shown for about 5
seconds in a window.
The slewing values of the respective points selected with the positioning line will also be
shown on top of the chart.
The level column of the chart displays the lifting values (yellow) resulting from longitudinal
level compensation, and the maximum line (red dashed line).
When moving the mouse pointer to the lifting values curve and leaving it there, after about 1
second these values will be shown for about 5 seconds in a window.
Apart from that, the difference between measured and target superelevation is displayed.
The slewing values of the respective points selected with the positioning line will also be
shown on top of the chart.
A light brown curve left of zero line means that the superelevated rail is the lower one. If the light
brown line is on the right of the zero line, the superelevated rail is the higher one.
 SDG-7_3_3 27

Important: lifting values must be larger than a positive superelevation defect. Therefore, the lifting
values (yellow) must always be on the right hand side of the superelevation difference line (brown)
on the chart.
Generally, the optimum result that still can be realised in working mode shoulde be stored.
If the result is not as expected, call up longitudinal level compensation once again. Select a
different track category and / or change the minimum and maximum lifting values and start a new
calculation with the Compensation > start new calculation command.
If you only want to change the lifting value, double-click the minimum or maximum line to open a
window where the value can be changed.
Then start a new calculation.
The aim should be to obtain an optimum longitudinal level line that corresponds to the existing
track geometry with as little as possible lifting values.
When the required longitudinal level compensation has been finished, use the Compensation >
finish calculation command.
28 SDG-7_3_3

4.4.2 Constant areas

If it is required to further improve the curve, constant areas can be defined.
Such areas should be defined only after the first compensation calculation. Every area that is
being defined, should also be re-calculated.
To insert a constant area, move the positioning line to the starting position of the area and select
the Compensation > Elements > Longitudinal level constant area (Shift+F5) to set a marking
line. Then use the arrow keys to move the positioning line up or down to the end of the required
constant area. Use the same command to finish.

A window opens that allows the starting and end positions, as well as the longitudinal level course
tob e selected.
SDG-7_3_3 29

Linear course is used for longitudinal

level curves with changing lifting values.
Straight line is used in this case for level
sections .
R-Constant area is used for vertical
curves with roughly the same longitudinal
level. You can enter a radius in the input
field the value of which should correspond
to the average versine of the vertical
curve.
If no radius is entered, an average vertical
versine line will be calculated
automatically.
To confirm the versine course press the
OK key.

Important: constant areas have to be

set in such a wasy that a symmetric
longitudinal level compensation can be
carried out.
Avoid sectioning which would lead to one-
side changes of the longitudinal level lines.
30 SDG-7_3_3

One longitudinal level image allows several areas to be defined.

Constant areas are displayed as

areas with green edges.
When a constant area has been set,
use the compensation > start new
calculation command to re-calculate
the geometry.
If the new longitudinal level curve
does not meet the requirements, the
compensation results can be changed
by changing the area and repeating
calculation.
When the required longitudinal level
curve has been obtained, close the
calculation with the Compensation >
finish calculation. Save it with Enter.

Modification of Constant Areas

To modify a constant area it must be active, i.e., the element must flash. By clicking the respective
element you activate it. When you press the enter key this will open the element window where
you can carry out modifications.
You can also move the positioning line within the element field close to the line of the area to be
deleted and press F5; the area line will be deleted. When moving the positioning line you can
change the area. Pressing the F5 or the enter key again allows modifications to be made in the
open window.

Deleting Constant Areas

Activate the corresponding constant areas as described above and press the Del key. After
confirmation the constant area will be deleted.