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PED 105 Module 2 - Lecture notes 1

Technology for Teaching and learning (Western Mindanao State University)

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Western Mindanao State University

CURUANCAMPUS

ALEXZON G. AIZON
PED 105 TTL1 Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

MODULE 2
ICT Policies and Issues: Implications to Teaching and learning

Outcomes:
1. Discussed some ICT policies and explained their implications to teaching and learning.
2. Explained some issues that relate to ICT policies.
3. Identified safety concerns in Internet including digital safety rules.

Introduction
Globalization is a reality and ICT has become a fundamental part of the process. A networked society is
one in which the entire planet is organized around telecommunicated networks of computers. The powerful
use of network has broken boundaries, provided opportunities for inclusion and collaboration. However, there
will also be a struggle for those who do not have access or those who are excluded, marginalized and
powerless. Thus a need to establish policies in the use of ICT is imperative.
As the Department of Information, Communication and Technology (DICT) says: “The future has
arrived. Now we have to ensure that we have a place in it.”

LESSON 1
Policies and Issues on Internet and Implications to Teaching and Learning

Outcomes:
1. Named examples of ICT policies which are applicable to teaching and learning.
2. Discussed some issues that relate to the ICT policy.

EXCITE
New technologies have become central to the lives of every individual in this planet. Whether you are
talking on the phone, sending an electronic mail, going to the bank, using the library, watching news on
television, going to the doctor, catching a flight, or seeing a movie, you are using ICT. Almost everything that
we do in the modern world is influenced by the new technologies.
Would your life as a teacher be also influenced by the new technologies?
Should we leave our lives to be controlled by technology or should we control the utilization of
technology in our lives? How?

EXPLORE
One way of enhancing and regulating the use of ICT is to formulate and implement policies to guide
appropriate decisions.

Definition of ICT Policy

The Oxford English Dictionary has defined “policy” as a course of action, adopted and pursued
bygovernment, party, ruler, statesman. It is any course of action adopted as expedient or advantageous. Its
operational definition of policy is a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes.

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Thus, ICT Policies are needed to put a roadmap or course of actions to be pursued and adopted by
various governments, organizations, entities involving ICT. These include principles and guidelines in the use of
ICT which cover three main areas: telecommunication (telephone), broadcasting (radio and television) and
Internet.

The New ICT Technologies

More recent technological innovations increased the reach and speed of communications which can be
grouped into three categories:
1. Information Technology - includes the use of computers, which has become indispensable in
modern societies to process data and save time and effort. What are needed will be computer
hardware and peripherals, software and for the user, computer literacy.
2. Telecommunication Technologies – include telephone (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and
television often through satellites. Telephone system, radio, and TV broadcasting are needed in this
category.
3. Networking Technologies – the best known of networking technology is Internet, but has extended
to mobile phone technology, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) satellite communication and other
forms of communication are still in their infancy. In addition to internet, this category also includes
mobile phone, cable, DSL, satellite and other broadband connectivity.

The DICT Roadmap

In our country, the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) has formulated a
roadmap to guide all agencies in the utilization, regulation and enhancement of ICT. Each project has
corresponding policy statements and guidelines.
The ICT for Education (ICT4E) is a program under the DICT that supports all the efforts of the education
sector in incorporating the use of ICT as well as in determining and gaining access to the infrastructure
(hardware, software, telecommunications facilities and others) which are necessary to use and deploy learning
technologies at all levels of education. Among the policy recommended programs that have applications to
education teaching-learning are;

1. ICT in Education masterplan for all levels, including a National Roadmap for Faculty Development in ICT
in Education. A National Framework Plan for ICTs in Basic Education was developed.
2. Content and application development through the Open Content in Education Initiative (OCEI) which
converts DepEd materials into interactive multi-media content, develop applications used in schools,
and conduct students and teachers competition to promote the development of education-related web
content.
3. PheDNET, is a “walled” garden that hosts educational learning and teaching materials and applications
for use by Filipino students, their parents and teachers. All public high schools will be part of this
network with only DepEd-approved multi-media applications, materials and mirrored internet sites
accessible from school’s PCs.
4. Established Community eLearning Centers called ESkwela for out-of-school youth (OSY) providing them
with ICT-enhanced education opportunities.
5. eQuality Program for tertiary education through partnerships with state universities and colleges (SUCs)
to improve quality of IT education and the use of ICT in education in the country, particularly outside
Metro Manila.
6. Digital Media Arts Program which builds digital media skills for government using Open Source
technologies. Particularly beneficiary agencies include the Philippine Information Agency and other
government media organizations, the Cultural and Arts and other government art agencies, State
Universities and Colleges and local government units.

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7. ICT skills strategic plan which develops an inter-agency approach to identifying strategic and policy and
program recommendations to address ICT skills demand-supply type.
All the seven programs were guided by the roadmap that embeds policy statements that relate to
education specifically in the enhancement of human development for teaching and learning.

Some Issues on ICT and Internet Policy and Regulation

Global Issues
Access and Civil Liberties are two sets of issues in ICT Policy which are crucial to the modern society.
The other concern is civil liberties which refer to human rights and freedom. These include freedom of
expression, the right to privacy, the right to communicate and intellectual property rights.
Access to the Use of Internet and ICT. Access means the possibility for everyone to use the internet and
other media. In richer countries, basic access to internet is almost available to all with faster broadband
internet connections. There are still countries where access to internet is still a challenge.
Infringement to Civil Liberties or Human Rights. What are specific internet issues on internet policy that
have relationship to civil liberties or human rights? Lets study the example follow.

Issue No.1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship

Under international human rights conventions, all people are guaranteed the rights for free expression.
However, with the shift from communicating through letter, newspaper and public meetings to electronic
communications and on-line networking, a need to look into how these new means modifies the
understanding of freedom of expression and censorship.
The UN Universal Declaration of human Rights provides that everyone has the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion, likewise the right of freedom to opinion and expression. However there are
practices that violate these provisions in the use of internet.

Some examples are the following:

1. Individual rights are given up in order to have access to electronic networks. Microsoft Network’s
(MSN’s contracts provide protection of individuals like “upload, or otherwise make available files that
contain images, photographs or other materials protected by intellectual property laws, including but
not limiting to copyright or trademark laws, unless you own or control the rights thereto or have
received all necessary consents to do the same.” However Microsoft reserves the rights, in its sole
discretion, to terminate access to any or all MSN sites or services.
2. Censorship restricts the transmission of information by blocking it or filtering the information. Blocking
is preventing access to whole areas internet based upon the “blacklist” of certain internet address,
location or email addresses while filtering is sifting the packets of data or messages as they move across
computer networks and eliminating those considered “undesirable” materials. The selection of sites
that are blocked or filtered has been considered as an issue.

Warning !!!!!!
“When you are surfing the web, you may think you are anonymous, but there are various ways that
information about you or your activities can be collected without your consent,”

3. Defamation actions may be used to silence critics. This actions deters the freedom of expression.

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Issue No. 2: Privacy and Security

Privacy policies are an issue. Most commercial sites have privacy policy. When someone uses a site and
clicks “I Agree” button, it is as if you have turned over private information to any authority that may access
it.
These are the several types of privacy as shown by the following examples:
1. For most, privacy means “personal privacy” the right of individuals not to have their home, private life
or personal life interfered with.
2. Privacy of communication refers to the protection from interference of communication over the phone
or internet. Respect for privacy of communication is an essential prerequisite for the maintenance of
human relationship via technological communications media.
3. Information privacy is related to the use of computers and communications system which are able to
hold and process information about large numbers of people at a high speed. It is important to ensure
that information will only be used for purposes for which it was gathered and will not be disclosed to
others without consent of the individuals.

Issue No. 3: Surveillance and Data Retention

The use of electronic communications has enhanced the development of indirect surveillance. The
indirect surveillance, there is no contact between the agent and the subject of surveillance but evidence of
activities can be traced. The new and powerful form of indirect surveillance is dataveillance. Dataveillance
is the use of personal information to monitor a person’s activities while data retention is the storage and
use of information from communication systems.
There is a very little that can be done to prevent surveillance. What can be done is to change the
methods of working to make surveillance difficult. This is caked “counter surveillance” or “ information
security” if it refers to computers and electronic communication.

Issue No. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste

Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular, terminal equipments used for
computing (PC’s, laptops), broadcasting (television and radiosets), telephony (fixed and mobile phones),
and peripherals (fax machines, printers and scanners).
The accumulated e-waste is due to rapid turnover of equipment due to rapid improvement of
software. While material waste can be destroyed by crushing, toxic quantities of e-waste are increasing in
both developed and developing countries. A very dismal state is that there is a significant amount of
electronic waste that has been shipped from industrial countries, using less environmentally-responsible
procedure.
Remedies include standardization and regulatory measures to increase the life cycle of equipment
before they become obsolete. Efficient extraction of toxic components and requiring the recycling by bith
consumers and equipment vendors are selling must be required.
If not controlled then, e-waste tremendously affect climate change, damage human lives, and overload
the capacity of the earth in carrying solid waste.

Implications to Teaching and Learning

How do the policy guidelines, projects, and issues relate to the teaching and learning?
There are great implications of this lesson to both the teachers who are teaching and the learners who
are learning. A few of these are follows:

For the Teachers and Teaching

1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how to teach it. Since ICT
development comes so rapid and fast, teachers,

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2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. The tools are support instructional for the
teacher to which are available for use. The teacher should learn how to appropriately use them.
The human touch of the teacher is still a vital component in teaching. Teachers should always be
reminded that there are always limitations in the use of the different gadgets an tools.
3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology. Caution should be observed to
protect individual privacy. As teachers you must be aware that the use of technology may
jeopardize your privacy and security.
4. All the issues amd many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher will be
encouraged to use technology in teaching.

For the Learners and Learning

The learners of the 21st century are even more advanced than some of the teachers. However,
learners still need guidance on how to use , regulate technology use. As there positive and negative
effects of technology use, learners should know the difference. Learners should not only know the
benefits of technology use, but they should also know how they can be protected from the hazards that
technology can bring to their lives.
Learners should take advantage of the potential of learning support they can derive such as the
development of higher order thinking skills, the development of learning communities through
collaboration, the enhancements of skills to manage the vast resources as 21 st century learners and
many more.
Both the teachers and the learners should be mindful of the e-waste that are being thrown
away to the land and to the atmosphere. Thus, safety in the use of technology shall be presented in the
next lesson.

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