EXOGENIC

PROCESSES
EXOGENIC PROCESS
 Content Standard
The learner demonstrates
understanding of geologic processes
that occur on the surface of the earth
such as weathering, erosion, mass
wasting, and sedimentation (include
the role of ocean basins in the
formation of sedimentary rocks)
 Performance Standard

The learner shall be able to conduct

a survey to assess the possible
geologic hazards that your
community may experience.
 Objectives:
a. describe how rocks undergo
weathering;
b. identify the agents of erosion;
c. illustrate how the products of
weathering are carried away by erosion
and deposited elsewhere; and
d. show concern by formulating
measures on how protect the community
from the effects of soil erosion.
➢ Geological processes which occur on the
earth’s surface

➢ includes weathering, erosion, and

deposition.
Weathering
➢ the process of disintegration (physical)
and decomposition (chemical) of rocks.
➢ process of breaking down rocks into
small particles such as sand, clay, gravel
and other fragments.
➢ There are two types of weathering:
mechanical weathering and chemical
weathering
Mechanical weathering or physical
weathering is the breakdown of rocks
into pieces without any change in its
composition.
 Temperature

A rock broken by ice wedging sits in a stream in Mount

Revelstoke National Park, Canada. Rocks break apart when ice
expands in pre-existing cracks. Source: Karla Panchuk (2018)
CC BY 4.0.

View of exfoliation at a distance (centre of

image) in granite exposed on the west side of
the Coquihalla Highway north of Hope, B.C.
Source: Steven Earle (2015) CC BY
Frost Wedging
 Organic Activity Burrowing Animal

Root wedging along a quarry wall. Left: Rocks beneath the

thick red beds have been split into sheets by tree roots.
Right: A closer examination reveals that tree roots are
working into vertical cracks as well. Source: Karla Panchuk
(2018) CC BY 4.0
In chemical weathering, there are changes in the composition of
rocks due to the chemical reactions presented below.
 Dissolution
Sinkhole downstream of the Mosul Dam in Iraq.
The sinkhole is a result of dissolution of gypsum
and anhydrite layers. Source: U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers (2007) Public Domain
Hydrolysis
A piece of granite with unweathered (left) and weathered
(right) surfaces. On the unweathered surfaces the feldspars are
still fresh and glassy looking. On the weathered surface there
are chalky white patches where feldspar has been altered to
the clay mineral kaolinite. Source: Karla Panchuk (2018) CC BY
4.0. Photos by Steven Earle (2015) CC-BY 4.0
Basalt pillows in Andalusia, Spain, with reddish
weathered surfaces. Where parts of the pillows have
broken away, darker unweathered basalt is visible.
Source:Ignacio Benvenuty Cabral (2011) CC BY-NC-SA
Biotite and amphibole in this granite have been altered
by oxidation to limonite (orange-yellow coating), which
is a mixture of iron oxide and iron hydroxyoxide
minerals. Source: Steven Earle (2015) CC-BY 4.0
Erosion
➢ the separation and removal of
weathered rocks due to different
agents like water, wind, and glacier
that causes transportation of the
material to where they are deposited.
➢ the process in which rocks that are
weathered into smaller fragments and
sediments are easily moved from one
place into another
Analysis

Plants, animals, and humans play an important

role in the erosional process.

A. How do plants and animals cause

erosion?

B. How do human activities affect the rate

of erosion?
Abstraction

Explain how each agent causes erosion.

WATER WIND GLACIER

Mass Wasting
➢ The movement of sediments downslope
under the influence of gravity
➢ Often lubricated by rainfall or agitated
by seismic activity, these events may
occur very rapidly and move as a flow.
 ➢ refers to the movement of mass of
Landslide earth materials such as rocks, debris,
or soil downward along a slope
Rock fall ➢ Falling, bouncing, and rolling of debris
or Topple down slope.
 ➢ the rapid movement down a slope or a mass of
Flow earth materials like rocks, ice, snow or debris
➢ includes avalanches, mudflows, debris flows
Deposition
➢ the settling down of transported
materials when the agent of erosion
can no longer carry the materials, and
therefore the force of gravity takes over
➢ takes place in low lying areas such as
bottom of lakes or oceans, base of hills
or mountains, ends of glaciers, and
river deltas.
Deposition at
the river delta
The Painted Hills,
U.S. state of Oregon
Glacial Deposition
 Effects of Exogenous Processes

Levelling of land Formation of Soil

Formation of valleys Weathering of Rocks

Erosion of Rock fragments/soil

Deposition of Rock fragments/soil

Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

Application

Soil is an essential component of the earth’s

crust. It enabled life to exist and provides the
services necessary for human survival.
A. What is/are the hazardous effect/s
of soil erosion?
B. What will you do to protect the
community?
 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

Weathering Lithification

Erosion Deposition

Transportation
Assessment

The surface of the earth changes over

time and through various causes.
Identify whether the changes listed on
the next slide are caused by weathering,
erosion, or deposition.
Assignment

Draw and explain how the

products of weathering are
carried away by erosion and
deposited elsewhere.
 Student Expectation Possible Points Self Teacher

Drawing looks similar to what was taught and 10

discussed.

Drawing includes details relevant to the topic. 10

Drawing is accurately labeled. 10
Drawing includes written portions (summary,
paragraph, brief statement) that explains what the 30
drawing is intended to show.

Drawing is legible and large enough to see all 10

details.

Total 70