GENERAL MATHEMATICS G-11

Function- is an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship between one

independent variable and another dependent variable. In mathematics, functions are
everywhere and they are important for defining physical links in the sciences. Peter
Dirichlet was the first to give the modern definition of function in 1837. He stated, “y is
said to be a function of the independent variable x, If a variable y is so closely
connected to a variable x that there is a rule that determines a unique value of y
whenever a numerical value is assigned to x.”

Example:
f(x)=x²

(x=4)

f(4)=16.

There are a lot of types of functions. Most known Common Functions are the most
widely used function. Most of these are Polynomial Function, Linear Function, Constant,
Quadratic, Cubic, Algebraic, trigonometric, rational, and exponential function.

Polynomial Function - Formula for the area of a circle is a Polynomial Function

(A=r2) , It gives the dependent variable A (the area) as a function of the independent
variable r (the radius).

Figure 1 relation example

Algebraic Function - It is the result when the x can be any real number.

Linear Function - A linear function has one independent variable and one dependent
variable. The independent variable is x and the dependent variable is y.

EXAMPLE:

y=5+10x

Let,x=2,then;

y=5+10(2)
y=25

Trigonometric Function - sin x and cos x, where x is the measure of an angle.

Exponential Function - a relation of the form y = ax, with the independent variable x
ranging over the entire real number line as the exponent of a positive number a.

Quadratic function - A quadratic function is one of the form f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c, where

a, b, and c are numbers not equal to zero.

Relation - A collection of ordered pairs comprising one object from each set forms a
relation between two sets. If the ordered pair (x,y) is in the relation and the item x is
from the first set and the object y is from the second set, the objects are said to be

related.

Function Notation - An equation involving x and y that is also a function can be stated
as y = "some expression involving x"; for example, y = f. ( x). This equation means that
y is a function of x and is written as "y equals f of x." This concept can also be
compared to a machine into which inputs are fed and outputs are ejected. There is a
range value produced for each domain value input.

Evaluation of Functions - Finding the value of f(x) =... or y =... that corresponds to a
given value of x is known as evaluating a function. Simply replace all of the x variables
with whatever value has been provided to x. When we are required to determine f(4), for
example, we are given the number 4 for x.
Piecewise Function - A piecewise function is one in which the output is defined by
more than one formula applied to distinct parts of the domain. When the input value
crosses specific "boundaries," we utilize piecewise functions to describe how a rule or
relationship
changes.

For example, in the business world, we frequently come across scenarios where the
cost per piece of a given item is reduced after the quantity requested exceeds a certain
threshold. When evaluating a piecewise function, it's important to focus on the correct
expression for the provided input.

REFERENCES:

https://www.britannica.com/science/function-mathematics

https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/calculus/types-of-functions.html

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/sipa/math/linear.html

http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/Mathematics/Algebra/mat111hb/PandR/quadratic/quadratic.html

https://mathinsight.org/definition/relation#:~:text=A%20relation%20between%20two%20sets,y)
%20is%20in%20the%20relation.

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/algebra/algebra-ii/relations-and-functions/function-
notation

https://nool.ontariotechu.ca/mathematics/functions/intro-functions/evaluating-functions.php

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/intermediatealgebra/chapter/read-define-and-write-
piecewise-functions/