CHAPTER V [1,3,4,5,6,7]

A. Caroline Sutandi

Civil Engineering Department

Parahyangan Catholic University
2021
INTRODUCTION [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Congestion is going to get worse, as the

capacity of the road network will never
increase at a level to match the increase
demand.

Even if it is possible to invest in

expanding the infrastructure, this is not
seen to be desirable for financial and
environmental reasons.
INTRODUCTION [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Planning is important activity before make

a decision including in transportation.

There are various type of planning:

• long-range planning;
• short-range planning;
• fixed facility improvements planning;
• operation and pricing policies planning.
INTRODUCTION [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Transportation planning is undertaken

for a variety of reasons:
 Major changing (policy) in transportation
system: construction of new facilities;
 benefit from its use;
 potential problems because of the new
facilities;
 maximize the existing road capacity;
 financial support;
 impact to the environment.
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Transportation planning is the process

of making decisions related to the future
of the transportation system.

Transportation planning may involve

any transportation modes that need
different geographical levels.
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Decision making steps in

Transportation planning are as follow:

 Goal definition, to determine

statement of the goals of
transportation problems in a broad
terms;
 Objectives definition, to determine
more specific statement of
transportation problems;
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

 Identification of needs, to compare

between actual performance and its
goals and objectives;
 Development of alternative solutions
to address each need identified;
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

 Evaluating the alternative solutions in

terms of for examples: physical,
economic, and financial feasibility,
cost, demand, environmental impact;
 A decision process, in which
particular alternatives are selected
for implementation;
 Implementation of selected
alternative.
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

The transportation planning is also

interfere with political process and
regulations.
The political issues are:
• Political influence;
• Compromise;
• Cooptation;
• Persuasion;
• Public opinion.
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

The regulation issues are:

• economic (competitiveness,
productivity, efficiency);
• safety and security;
• accessibility and mobility options for
passengers and freight;
• environmental protection, energy
conservation, and quality of life;
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

The regulation issues are:

• Integration and connectivity of the

transportation system across and
between modes;
• Efficient system management and
operation;
• Preservation of the existing
transportation system.
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

The planning study organization

activities:

 Request for proposals (RFP) or

problem statement;
 Proposal or work program;
 Study organization (need a
consultant or in-house study)
THE PLANNING PROCESS [1,3,4,5,6,7]

 Identification of data sources and

data collection;
 Analysis of data;
 Report preparation;
 Continuous communication and
coordination between client and
consultant .
THE CHALLENGE [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Transportation planning is not only

technical activities based on simple
assumption of predict and provide, but
much more complex approach
regarding pricing, regulation, economic,
environmental, and social policy of
sustainable development.
THE CHALLENGE [1,3,4,5,6,7]

The transportation planning is essential

at both the strategic and the local
levels.
Transportation planning should seek to
reduce the environmental impact of
transport, both at source (through
technological innovation) and on the
road (through pricing and regulation).
THE CHALLENGE [1,3,4,5,6,7]

Equally important is the necessity to

provide access to jobs, services, and
facilities for all people, particularly those
on lower incomes without access to a
car.
Accessibility is having local facilities, a
strong social network, and means to
communicate with others.
TDM [3,4]

There are generally two broad options to

reduce the traffic congestion and other
transportation-related environmental
problems:

 Increased road capacity physically;

 Used the existing capacity more
efficienly by reducing the overall
travel demand.
TDM [3,4]

The second option is often the cheaper,

considering benefits and cost, that is the
reason this option has been widely
adopted under the name of
Transportation Demand Management
(TDM).
TDM [3,4]

Transportation Demand Management

(TDM) is the term used to describe a
variety of actions aimed at reducing or
modifying the demand for transportation
facilities and services.
The term means that there is no action
to increase the supply of transportation
facilities or capacity.
TDM [3,4]

TDM objectives falls into the following

categories:
 Reduction of traffic congestion
 Reduction of air pollution
 Efficiency of parking capacity
 Cost and maintenance cost saving
 Energy conservation
 More efficient land used
 Enhanced travel safety
TDM [3,4]

TDM objectives, strategies, and technologies [3]

Objectives Strategies Technologies

Improve mobility between Reduce travel Congestion pricing
A and B during peak hours Alternative routes, modes ATIS
Promote ridesharing

Reduce environmental Stimulate ridesharing HOV, bike lanes

impacts from travel Improve non-motorized Transit

Reduce number of death Reduce speed Increase police visibility

and injuries Improve road condition Speed cameras
Traffic calming

Corporation driven TDM Financial subsidies Coordination of on-site

programs Regulations employee transportation
Alternatives work schedule