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Environmental Impact Assessment Study for a Development Touristic Project –

Case Study from Egypt

Article · December 2010

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for a
Development Touristic Project – Case Study from Egypt
By
Rasha El Gohary
Researcher, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring,
National Water Research Center, Egypt

Abstract:
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is considered the best of approaches to
making decisions about the development projects, plans, and policies. However in
developing countries, EIA is seldom used as a decision-making tool due to a number of
reasons, some of which are that it is considered a time consuming process in gathering
information, and the distrust due to the inadequate data used in the assessment.

The study aims to examine all aspects and activities of the Development touristic project
in terms of its impact on the environmental components and to provide better alternatives
to preserve the environment and avoid potential negative impacts during the
establishment and operation of the project .Also conform a legal requirements,
regulations and general guidelines that determines the methods of sustainable
development of coastal touristic areas.

In order to identify environmental impacts several field investigations carried out like
hydro geological, geophysical, social, etc... , In addition to several interviews with the
relevant authorities to cover study area.

Finally the study presents the methodology followed in the study and the experience
gained nationally that would lead to the sustainable development of the Egyptian touristic
projects.

Keywords:
Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Plan, Development
Touristic Projects.

1
1. Project description
The project is located in Nabq Tourism Center within the scheme in an area of 7.5
million square meters. And away from the beach about 4 kilometers and the nearest point
of the beach is from the eastern side of the area .The total area (7.5 million square meters)
divided into 16 stages and will continue to work on the project until 2022.

Figure (1) Location of the Study Area

1.1. Components of the resort

First: - Apartments and Villas

Villas and Apartments Housing tourist Number
Duplex Villas 3 Stars 2185
Villas and Apartments 3 floors 3 Stars 1908
Villas and Apartments 5 floors 3 Stars 1575
6 floors Villas 3 Stars 2640
8 floors Villas 3 Stars 8212

Second: - recreational activities and services

Type of service Area
Entertainment 180536
Schools 5000
Golf Clubs 1000
Square golf (18 hole) 806778
Canals and lakes 261608
Resort 3 Stars 1130

2
 Public toilets 8 toilets
Government Services 4
Clinics 4
Moles 300 stores
Shops 2766 Commercial Store

1.2. Facilities

1.2.1. Water Supply

Water source
As the lack of public water network close to the project it will construct a desalination
plants which are running by RO Reverse Osmosis.
Wells are drilled in order to obtain salt water, the depth of wells is determined after
conducting a study on soil and hydrology.

1.2.2. Sewage System

System consists of sewage treatment plant and the network's decline and a pump station
and reservoirs for irrigation.

Re-use of treated water

The process of re-use of industrial wastewater treatment has begun to spread in the
various activities so as to permit cost source of water, as well as water scarcity and high
prices and that this water has many uses, depending on the efficiency of the treatment
plant and standards for water pollutants after treatment.

Reuse of sludge and safe disposal

Because the sludge resulting from wastewater treatment and it have been processed to
address biologically, chemically treatment , and the sludge is dried completely, so it can
be used the biological sludge as a fertilizer of the soil and because of its value on the
content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Source of irrigation water

A combination of fresh water and water treatment, an average of 80% of a wastewater
triple treatment, and 20% fresh water is available from the desalination plant .Also, using
modern irrigation methods to reduce water consumption.

1.2.3 Power Source

Due to the lack of public electricity network close to the project will be to rely on diesel
generators to generate electricity.

3
2. Legal requirements
An important theme in the studies of environmental impact assessment is part of laws and
environmental legislation and the means to monitor the most important laws and
legislation and international conventions and resolutions of the Organization until the
project is created within the limits of this legislation and knowledge of legal procedures
for the project and the legal limits of emissions that may be issued for its activity.
The administrative authority or the donor of the license assess the environmental impact
of the project required for licensing in accordance with the elements, designs
,specifications and principles issued by the EEAA in agreement with the competent
administrative authorities.
The administrative authorities are sending a copy of the EIA to EEAA for an opinion and
make proposals to be implemented in the area of equipment and systems necessary to
address the negative environmental impacts and take over these bodies to ensure
implementation of these proposals and the EEAA must report to the administrative
authority or the donor of the license in his opinion in this assessment within 60 days from
the date of receiving it, or considered not to respond it is the approval of the project
assessment.

2.1. List of relevant legislation in the project activity

2.1.1 National legislation
• Environment Protection Law No. 4 of 1994
• Regulations No. 338 of 1995
• Law 102 of 1983 on Nature Reserves
• Act No. 48 of 1982 regarding the protection of the River Nile and its tributaries
and groundwater pollution
• Law 12 of 2003 concerning the protection of workers and occupational safety and
health of workers, amending Act 137 of 1981 and its implementing decisions.
• Act 106 of 1976 concerning the work of demolition and construction.
• Decision of the Minister of State for the reconstruction and reclamation of land
No. 111 of 1980 on water tanks
• Decision of the Head of State regarding protection of air pollution from the
Ministry of Health No. 864 of 1969

2.1.2. International and regional legislation

• International Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn
1983)

4
3. The natural environment
3.1. Hydrological Study for the study area
3.1.1. Topography and Geology
The topographic features of the area is characterized by the presence of beach plains
restricted between the Gulf of Aqaba and the mountainous area in the east, and slopes
toward the Gulf, while the geology of the area is characterized by many Gebles of
different elevations, these Gebles composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The area
is subjected to a strong tectonic movements, consequently some geological structures as
faults, joints and others are formed, which may affect direct or indirect on groundwater
occurrence, movement and direction, in addition to the Quaternary deposits which
composed of sand, gravel, rock fragments and limestone as shown in figure (2).

Figure (2) Geological Map of the study area.

3.1.2- Geophysical Investigation:

Vertical electrical sounding method is used to determine indirectly the extent and nature
of geologic materials beneath the surface. Thickness of unconsolidated materials, location
of subsurface faults and depth of the basement rocks can be predicted via geophysical
investigation. Consequently ten vertical electrical soundings were conducted through four
profiles as shown figure (3) and four geo-electric cross sections were constructed to
illustrate the subsurface succession, as an example figure (4). These geophysical
investigation revealed that there is a suitable site for drilling test well of depth ± 150 m
below the ground surface.

5
 Figure (3) Location Map for the Geophysical Profiles

100 8
847
80
60 to the
53 Gulf
40 10
9
20
Elevation (m)

2000 52
0.0 77

-20 6.8
5 4 .2
-40
-60 2
-80
-100
Course sand & gravels
-120
sands Limestone Sands Saturated with water
-140

Figure (4) Geoelectric cross section B-B'

3.1.3- Hydrogeology

This study deals with the groundwater aquifers, were the area of study is suffering from
fresh water supply, and the main source of water is saline and very saline water which
occur in the sedimentary succession, meanwhile the salinity depends mainly on the
hydraulic connection to the Gulf and the pumping rates of the existing wells. From the
available data collected from the existing wells, it concluded that the thickness of the
sedimentary succession varying from 250 to 300 m nearby the coast and decreases
gradually towards the mountainous area, the static water level ranges from 30 to 50
below ground level therefore it seems that the groundwater flow towards the Gulf.

3.1.4- Survey

The necessary survey works have been carried out by using modern surveying tools to
allocate the suitable sites for construction the industrial works in the main stream and its
tributaries and to follow up the natural passage of flash flood, determination of the
coordinates of those passages, conducted a number of cross sections and calibration curve
to find out the relationship between the required distance for storage of flash flood and
the expected volume of water in addition a contour map for the main stream.

6
3.1.5- Hydrology

A hydrological study has been carried out for the study basin. The basin area is about 16
km2. A topographic map of scale 1:50000 is used to create the Digital Elevation Model
(DEM) for study basin using Geographical Information System (GIS). The DEM and the
resulted drainage network of the basin is shown in figure (5).

Figure (5) The DEM of the study basin

Daily rainfall data is collected in and around the study area. It is collected from the
General meteorological Authority (GMA) and WRRI stations. The closest rainfall station
is Sharm ElShiekh station. The rainfall data for 24 years is used in HYFRAN statistical
program to get the rainfall values for different return periods up to 100-year as shown in
figure (6).

Figure (6) Statistical analysis of Sharm ElShiekh station

3.2. Biological environment

The project site lacks to the presence of wildlife or plant floor and the vegetation cover is
limited .The project site is bounded on the north by one of the most important natural

7
reserves in Egypt, Nabq. This reserve is located on the Gulf of Aqaba and extending from
the Sharm El-Sheikh and Dahab, even on an area of 600 square kilometers.
The area was famous by deer, Alheirks and superior Nubian as well as multiple types of
Pzuahv and invertebrates. The region is famous by Examples of birds , Obomlakp heron ,
gull , the eagle and the stork. The main feature of the region also is a forest of trees and
plants Almangrov intensive Arak)) is used as a battering winds.

A. Plants
The project is located in a region characterized by severe drought, which has to do with
the lack of any vegetation in the project area.

Photo 1: Picture showing the project area completely free of any vegetation (landscape in
the direction of the north)

B. Birds
It is not found any evidence of breeding birds, however, a site is a stopping point for
some migratory birds in the Red Sea (like a gull-eyed white), or migratory birds in the
seasons of spring or autumn oriented to the Red Sea Islands.
It is mentioning that it was recording different types of birds on the island of Tiran in the
Gulf of Aqaba in many scientific publications, including:
▪ Osprey (Pandion haliaetus);
▪ Sooty falcon (Falco concolor);
▪ White-eyed gull (Larus leuco-phthalmus);
▪ Caspian tern (Sterna caspia);
▪ Lesser-crested tern (S. bengalensis);
▪ White-cheeked tern (S. repressa);
▪ Spoonbill (Platates leucorodia);
▪ Reef heron (Egretta gularis);
▪ Little green heron (Butorides striatus);
▪ Kentish plover (Charadius alexandrinus); and,
▪ Brown-necked Raven (Corvus ruficollis).

8
 C. Mammals
The field survey of the project site register a number of camels in the northern region, but
did not register any types of deer and foxes.

Photo 2: Some of the camels in the area north of the site.

D. Reptiles and insects

Here are some kinds of reptiles and insects found in the study area and surrounding areas:
▪ terrestrial arthropods such as beetles of the genus Bledius;
▪ spiders (Clubionidae) and pseudoscorpions (Halominniza
aegyptiaca litoralis);
▪ small crustaceans, plathyhelminths, oligochaetes, nematodes and
coleopterans;
▪ Beetles such as Ochthebius auratus and Anacaena sp;
▪ Mosquitoes (Bezzia sp.);
▪ Snakes; and,
▪ Lizards.

3.3. Social Environment

Bedouins live in the Sinai Peninsula found in the southern part which consists of 8 tribes,
and the region from Nuweiba to Sharm El-Sheikh is the most important areas inhabited
by these tribes, "decorated". The Bedouin in the area of Nabq in the village of Algrkana
Akherizp. There is also in the protected Nabq number of these people and who are living
in Grazing and Fishing.
The city of Sharm el-Sheikh and Nema Bay are the closest residential communities,
which lies a distance of 12 km and 16 km respectively. International Airport is located on
the Sharm el-Sheikh after 4 km south of the project.

9
 4. Potential environmental impacts
In this section it will discussed the sources of pollution that may result from the facilities
and the environmental impacts of possible community receiving, whether air or water or
soil or any other effects on the surrounding environment so as to evaluate , study and to
develop scientific methods to reduce them to the maximum extent possible and by
reducing the corresponding standards and requirements under Law No. 4 of 1994 and its
executive regulations .
we will study a possible environmental impacts of the project components of the basic
facilities and studying the effects in general in the construction and operational phases
that are then conduct a detailed study of the environmental impacts of each component
and all the attachment when the decision-making in the implementation and created.
The evaluation will be met with varying degree of impact as shown in the table below:

The degree of Significant A Weak Without Weak Negative Significant

influence positive positive positive influence negative average negative
average

Impact Value 3+ 2+ 1+ ‫صفر‬ 1- 2- 3-

First stage: construction

The most important activities during the construction phase are as follows: -

A - The use of heavy equipment.

B - The work of drilling and adjustments.
C - The use of construction materials such as iron, cement, wood, sand, gravel and
water ... etc...
D - The transfer of construction materials and transportation of personnel.
E - Human labor.

The following discussion of each activity and its impact on various environmental
components:

A - The use of heavy equipment.

• There is a negative impact on the (air quality), but as the site is open and distance
from residential areas as well as the non-continuation of this activity for a long
time, the negative impact is expected at low (-1).
• As for the noise happen in an open area and away from the residential area and its
presence in the open desert area has been evaluating the impact of this activity on
the component (noise) as a weak (-1).
• In economic terms, the use of equipment represents an economically useful and
lead to economic prosperity. And the effect of this activity on the side (the
Economic and Social Council) a positive average. (+2).

10
B - The work of drilling and adjustments.

• This activity is not dangerous as it is limited in scope and is located in an area

away from the population and this would be its impact on the (air quality) a weak
negative (-1).
• The negative impacts are also important is the destruction of natural
environments, flora and fauna of the region. However, as emerged from the study
of the present environmental situation in the region there are not any organisms of
environmental significance as there is no vegetation or heavy Highlighted in the
study area. Thus, the impact of this activity (plant and animal) Poor (-1)
• It is usually produced by the activity a large quantities of sand and soil material,
which can be disposed of improper leads to the accumulation of waste, but
because the nature of the material of the same nature of the land and that it be
transferred to other sites in the same project, for adjustments and filling and the
work of landscape or transferred at places for safe disposal, the impact of (soil) is
weak (-1).
C - The use of construction materials such as iron, cement, wood, sand, gravel and
water ... etc.

• The negative impact is expected when you keep the remnants of construction
materials, which must be disposed of properly so as not to affect the soil. It is
expected that this effect is a little dangerous with a short period of time medium-
and small-scale and will be removed any remnants of these materials firsthand
with all the origin of the lack of compatibility with the landscape to be established
and will be growing most of the bodies of the project and it will be its impact on
the (soil) without the influence of (zero).
• Water is a key element in the process of construction and represents the water
consumption is an environmental issue, no matter that they do not represent a
serious but it must be pointed to the importance of rationalizing water
consumption in the process of construction as one of the articles and the
remainder of the water on the soil, it evaporates so do not expect the presence of
liquid residues harmful to groundwater and that the effect will be on (fresh water
pools) without effect (zero).
D - The transfer of construction materials and transportation of personnel.

• The effect of this activity primarily on fuel consumption, which leads to air
pollution. The influences of this activity for the duration of the project but that the
effect is not dangerous as large as that sphere of influence is limited and therefore
the expected impact negatively on the (air quality) is weak (-1).
• Since the project area is far from residential areas, the expected impact in terms of
increasing the proportion of (noise) is without effect (zero).
E - Human labor.

• The negative impact could occur as a result of the use of employment is the
contamination of soil solid waste resulting from the lives of these workers is
expected scattering garbage areas of work and areas of subsistence workers

11
 Active, but will be cleaned of such waste per day after the end of each shift and
transported to places for final disposal and therefore the effect will be on the (soil)
Poor (-1).
• For liquid wastes resulting from the sewage of the workers living in camps
Active, it would be a negative impact clear if it is not sound management,
therefore, the work was of designs to camps that have a drainage system is simple
and is grouped exchange in the cistern of galvanized steel and are cleaned by the
end of the day and throw to the nearest place with a global exchange network of
the city and the tank is removed at the end of the project and that the negative
impact of liquid wastes resulting from employment will be weak (-1).
• The impact on the side (ECOSOC) is a significant positive impact (+3), especially
if was the use of labor from neighboring areas and villages near the project.

Second: the operational phase

A - Residential units

this Part is displayed the expected environmental impacts of the project's completion and
operation in the case of the maximum occupancy rate of accommodation generally is
prepared to study the environmental impact assessment for each stage and each group
separately and the effects are as follows:
• impact on air quality may result only from the emissions generated from the private
car for guests and residents a negative impact but is weak because the area is open
and green spaces large addition, it is expected that all cars of modern brands and are
emissions simple, the impact will be negative weak ( -1).
• For liquid wastes resulting from wastewater human consumption and exchange
hotels, shopping malls, all units and facilities are linked to a private network are
pouring into the station, sewage treatment where it is treated biologically and
chemically, as will be explained later in the section on plant wastewater treatment and
associated output of treated water irrigation system irrigation area landscaping and
ornamental trees nor is there any surface water or the coast within the limits of the
project and that the impact of effluent on groundwater and surface water is without
effect (zero).
• For solid waste resulting from the maximum occupancy of the units and hotels, it is in
the solid waste municipality and are subject to strong management through the
company special cleaning be responsible for the assembly, transport and final
disposal will be the assembly a day and final disposal in landfills, the public of the
city and thus there would be no gatherings garbage in any part of the project and the
effect will be very limited in the area of landfill, a place dedicated to this waste is
expected to be a weak negative effect (-1).
• For noise expected from this part of the project, the source is expected at cars in the
internal roads of the project and some simple activities entertainment shopping
centers but Noise simple and limited both in duration of exposure or places will not

12
 have any negative impact on inmates or residents in the region or neighboring regions
of the project without any effect (zero).
• For economic and social impact when you run this part of the project are positive
effects as it allows occupancy of these units, hotels and commercial centers revival of
trade is very large and open shops, markets, and many services which help in the
process of recruitment for employment and wide-ranging disciplines and increase
employment opportunities for citizens of the city or nearby towns, a what is due to the
social aspect benefit and the benefit large and that the impact of the project in terms
of economic and social be positive very large (3).

B - Business centers and services

There is a component of the project some of the commercial centers of large positions,
including medium and small There are also some service installations such as restaurants,
laundries and other services necessary for residents and guests in this part will be to
discuss the environmental impacts of this component, it is generally expected to be
environmental impacts resulting from these services and commercial activity as follows:
• The emissions affecting air quality emissions in chimneys, restaurants and shops
catering and barbecue, but very limited in the places of business centers, markets, and
far from residential areas, however, will be binding on the implementation of the
Regulations and instructions necessary environmental according to the laws and
standards available and in any case, it is expected that the effect will be to Poor air
negative (-1).
• For liquid wastes is expected to produce large quantities of sewage liquid, whether
sewage a human from the bathrooms deployed commercial centers, restaurants and
retail services, or industrial waste in small amounts of some activities, such as
laundries and in any case, all the sewer lines to the project is linked to plant
wastewater treatment are addressed fully in order to be in conformity with the
standards and environmental standards and reused for the irrigation of landscaping
and ornamental trees nor is there any surface water or the coast within the limits of
the project and that the impact of effluent from this component on groundwater and
surface water is without effect (zero).
• For solid waste resulting from the maximum occupancy of the commercial centers,
markets, shops and restaurants, it is in the solid waste municipality and are subject to
strong management through the company special cleaning be responsible for the
assembly, transport and final disposal will be the assembly a day and final disposal in
landfills, the public of the city and so will not be There are no pools garbage in any
part of the project and the effect will be very limited in the area of landfill, a place
dedicated to this waste is expected to be a weak negative effect (-1).
• For economic and social impact when you run this part of the project are positive
effects as it allows occupancy of these restaurants, shopping malls, shops and
markets recovery trade is very large and open shops, markets, and many services
which help in the process of recruitment for employment and wide-ranging
disciplines and increase employment opportunities for citizens of the city or nearby
towns which is due to the social aspect benefit and the benefit large and that the
impact of the project in terms of economic and social be positive very large (3).

13
5. Environmental Impact Assessment
In this section is to recommend actions to mitigate possible negative environmental
impacts as a result of the establishment and operation of the project and its components.

First: construction stage

Such stage may give rise to pollutants affecting the air, especially dust emissions and
outstanding fuel vehicles and heavy equipment has already assessing these effects on the
surrounding environment will be controlled and the reduction of such pollutants as
follows:
• The use of modern equipment in the drilling operations and the transfer of dust and to
reduce fuel consumption while reducing the emission of air pollutants, as well as
noise.
• Do not rely on manual labor significantly in the business of equipment that could be
used to reduce the impact on workers
• All employees in these operations belonging to the major companies specialized,
experienced and trained
• Use soil that is dug in the same location to settle and close the other sites and are not
transferred to off-site only in extreme necessity and through the work of a good
budget for this work
• All Active employees wearing special safeguard duties, the most important masks
• Preparation of major pathways for the process of transporting building materials to
the site as well as the transfer of workers with insurance and pave those paths in order
to avoid the risk of transport operations while reducing the destruction of large tracts
of land for road construction.
• Require the contractors to use the largest possible number of workers needed for
construction operations from the vicinity of the project, in particular the city of Sharm
el-Sheikh and nearby areas in order to support economic activity and raise the
standard of living of the community surrounding
• The use of local construction materials so as to maximize economic benefits while
minimizing social and exotic materials for environmental and natural place.

Second: the operational phase

The following management actions to reduce pollutants and minimize their impact when
you run all the components of the project.

14
 1. Control the emissions of air pollutants

A. Housing units
• Planting of trees and plant belts and the allocation of large areas of green zones to
protect against car exhaust pollution.
B. Business centers and services
• Planting of trees and plant belts and the allocation of large areas of green zones to
protect against pollution and car exhaust stacks restaurants.
• Requiring all facilities that result in emissions of the installation of filters and control
systems and compliance with appropriate standards and requirements for rates of
pollutants and high chimneys.

2. Control of Water Pollutants

A. Housing units
• Connect all drainage wastewater treatment plant where the wastewater treatment
biological treatment, chemical, and up to the quality of treated water to allow their
use in the irrigation system, irrigation area landscaping trees, ornamental
• Method is used on the networks of exchange related to engineering plants to lift up to
the treatment plant and not to allow drainage to underground reservoirs (Trnchat).

B. Business centers and services

• Connect all drainage wastewater treatment plant where the wastewater treatment
biological treatment, chemical, and up to the quality of treated water to allow their
use in the irrigation system, irrigation area landscaping trees, ornamental
• Method is used on the networks of exchange related to engineering plants to lift up to
the treatment plant and not to allow drainage to underground reservoirs (Trnchat).

3. Solid Waste
Project management take care of special attention to solid waste management facilities
and units all assistance in terms of separation from the source and handling, temporary
storage and final disposal in a safe, take the following actions for each individual facility

A. Housing units
• Are subject to solid waste management through a strong private cleaning company be
responsible for the assembly and transport and final disposal
• The use of containers collect trash on the streets and houses next to high quality
specifications and are covered
• Contribute to the development and rehabilitation of landfill to accommodate waste
management and have a safe burial

15
B. Business centers and services

• Are subject to solid waste management through a strong private cleaning company be
responsible for the assembly and transport and final disposal through contracting with
all facilities, shops and restaurants
• Contribution to the owners of shops and commercial centers and services in the
development and rehabilitation of landfill to accommodate waste management and
landfill security.

4. Noise
A. Housing units
• Do not allow the passage of heavy transport within the block, and next to the
residential units
• Design of road traffic so that the highways outside the block, and the internal roads
at speeds of a few
B. Business centers and services

• Is to allow the passage of heavy transport routes within the market place and
commercial centers in the mornings only for the transfer of goods and supply of
supplies for all the shops, as well as for the transfer of waste resulting from the
activity throughout the day
• Design of road traffic so that the internal roads at speeds of a few

6. Environmental Monitoring Plan

In this part, develop a plan to monitor the environmental performance of the resort so that
it is sure to maintain the continuity of the elements surrounding environment and
preventing pollution and reducing the negative impacts of the establishment and
operation of the resort and the following table examines the environmental monitoring
plan for the project

16
 1. Control during construction

Monitoring work during construction

Environmental Monitoring required Number of Responsibility

Indicator Monitoring
Soil Store materials properly. Continuous General
Measures to prevent oil spills or chemical materials. Contractor
Processing site for the burial of construction waste.
The existence of a program to manage solid waste
resulting from construction workers.

Fresh Ground Measures to prevent oil spills or chemical materials. Continuous General
Water Contractor
Air Not burn waste Continuous General
Contractor
Noise Choose a suitable location for a private station, , ---------- Advisory
facilities, electricity and sanitation Architectural
and Landscape

2. Control during Operation Phase

Monitoring work during Operation Phase

Environmental Monitoring Required Number of Responsibility
Indicator Monitoring
Soil Note any spill of fuel near the fuel tanks. Continuous Hotel
Prevent the dumping of solid waste or any liquid management
directly on the ground
Fresh Ground Prevention of discharging wastewater to short. Continuous Hotel
Water Monitoring the quality of treated sewage water in management
accordance with the law 48.

Air Measure the exhaust combustion fuel generators and Once a year Hotel
boilers in accordance with the law 4 / 1994. management
Measuring ventilation chimneys for kitchen and
laboratory.
Measure the quality of indoor air kitchen and the size.
Noise Measure the noise at offices and housing workers and Once a year Hotel
tourists came down according to law 4 / 1994 management

17
7. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion

• The environmental assessment study is in conformity with Law No. 4 of 1994

directives concerning the environment for category 1 projects.

• With the implementation of the mitigating measures recommended and close

follow-up by the implementation unit, the negative measures will without doubt
be attenuated. In addition, the amount earmarked for mitigating the negative
impacts will improve not only the physical environment but also the living
conditions and the welfare of the populations.

• During appraisal of the project, all the above points were examined and
assessed to determine their pertinence and conformity with Law No. 4 of 1994
rules and procedures.

Recommendation

All possible impacts of the project activities caused environmental stress which could be
properly managed or mitigated as per the nature, magnitude and duration of the impacts
by adopting policy and legal instruments in EIA practices. The major point to be
highlighted in the policy and legal instruments towards effective implementation of EIA
system are:

• Resource impact regarding change in freshwater ecosystem as well as from

changes in plant and animal habitats due to pollution generated from project
activities can be measured through changes in the level of water and air pollution
resulting from project activities.
• For effective EIA implementation, international standards and requirements of
EIA is necessarily required.
• Human interest impacts can be measured through change in the economic activity
due to deteriorating environmental condition and through changes in the
institution of a society. Any scoring system can be incorporated all these aspects
of environment.
• Furthermore, a broader consultation is required among the professionals,
government agencies and concerned stakeholders towards the effective
implementation EIA approach and review of existing policy and legal
instruments.

18
 8. References
[1] Kassas, M. & Batanouny, K.H. (1984) Plant ecology. In: Sahara desert. ed. J.J.
Cloudsley-Thompson; pp. 77-90. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
[2] Boulos, L. (1995). Flora of Egypt. Check list. Cairo: Al Hadara Publishing. 283 pp.
[3] Groombridge, B. (1982). The IUCN Amphibians-Reptilia Red Data Book. Part 1.
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[7] Environmental Guidelines for Development in the Coastal Areas (EEAA, 1996).

[8] EIA Guidelines for Coastal development Projects in the Red Sea, GEF Project
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[9] International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and Protocols
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[10] Law 4/1994 of the environment

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