Att - 2-1 - DS-103-0001-1 - Engineering Specification For Pressure Vessels

ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
CORPORATION, DS-103-0001-1
FOR
TAIWAN
PRESSURE VESSELS DATE OCT. 01, 2008
PAGE 1 of 78
Rev 1 Oct. 01. 2008
CONTENTS
PAGE NO
1 SCOPE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
2 CODES AND STANDARDS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
3 GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
4 MATERIAL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
5 DESIGN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
6 FABRICATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
7 INSPECTION AND TESTING ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
8 PAINTING AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT --------------------------------------------- 56
9 APPENDIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
10 TABLE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
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1 SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the engineering requirements for the materials,
design, drawings, fabrication, inspection, testing of unfired pressure
vessels.
1.2 This specification, when accompanied by the applicable supplements,

Owner vessel drawings and typical details, constitutes a complete set of
standards, outlining acceptable construction for pressure vessels.
1.3 The term pressure vessel is intended to encompass all process

equipment vessels such as fractionation towers, process drums,
regenerators, reactors, accumulators, process tanks, etc., but not
including fired heaters, boilers, and steam drums.
1.4 When contract specifications and/or supplements approved by Owner to

this specification are issued, they shall be taken precedence over the
details outlined herein, if conflict occurs.
2 CODES AND STANDARDS
2.1 CNS（Chinese National Standard）
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes
2.2.1 ASME Code Sect. II －
"Part A Ferrous Material Specifications"
"Part B Non-Ferrous Material Specifications"
"Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler

Metals"
"Part D Properties (Metric)"
2.2.2 ASME Code Sect. VIII, Div.1 － " Rules for Construction of
Pressure Vessels "
2.2.3 ASME Code Sect. VIII, Div.2 － " Pressure Vessels " －
Alternate Rules
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2.2.4 ASME Code Sect. V - " Non-destructive Examination "
2.2.5 ASME Code Sect. IX - " Welding and Brazing Qualifications "
2.3 ASME Standards
2.3.1 ASME B 1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads
2.3.2 ASME/ANSI B 1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
2.3.3 ASME B16.5 - " Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings "
2.3.4 ASME B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
2.3.5 ASME B 16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint,

Spiral Wound, and Jacketed
2.3.6 ASME B 16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
2.3.7 ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
2.3.8 ASME B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)
2.3.9 ASME B 18.2.2 Square and Nut (Inch Series)
2.3.10 ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
2.3.11 ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
2.3.12 ASME B36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe
2.3.13 ASME B46.1 Surface Texture
(Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)
Other standards referred to the codes and applicable specifications.
2.4 ASTM Standards (American Society for Testing and Materials)
2.5 AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
2.6 WRC (Welding Research Council)
WRC bulletin 107 "local stresses in spherical and cylindrical shells due to
external loadings”
WRC bulletin 297 "local stresses in cylindrical shells due to external
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loadings on nozzles"
2.7 AWS (American Welding Society)
AWS A4.2 standard procedures for calibrating magnetic instruments to

measure the delta ferrite content of austenitic stainless steel weld metal.
3 GENERAL
3.1 References
Applicable supplements to this specification
3.2 Definitions
3.2.1 All codes, standards and specifications referred to herein are

meant to be the latest edition and to include latest addenda
issued prior to the date of request.
3.2.2 This specification shall be used as a basis for the design and
preparation of engineering drawings and requirements of
materials.
3.2.3 The intention of this specification is not to supersede the specified

codes and standards, but only to supplement them with certain
conditions not fully covered by the codes.
3.2.4 For the purpose of understanding this specification, the following

definition shall apply:
Owner – CPC corporation, Taiwan
Contractor – The Engineering, Procurement & Construction

Company responsible for the PROJECT WORK.
Purchaser – A company responsible for which has authority to

proceed with the PROCUREMENT WORK for the
project.
Vendor – Any party on whom an order is placed for the supply of

equipment and materials.
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Manufacturer – Any party on whom an order is placed for the

equipment fabrication.
3.3 Code Requirements
3.3.1 Vessels shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in

accordance with the ASME Code Sect. VIII, Div.1.
3.3.2 The pressure vessels designed, fabricated, inspected and tested

in Taiwan shall be in accordance with CNS Standard or the Code
which has been approved by local government and this
specification, including getting local government certificates of
pressure vessels.
3.3.3 For the Vessels fabricated offsite, the manufacturers shall hold
certificates of authorization of ASME code stamp and the vessels
shall also be stamped with code symbols.
3.4 Documents
3.4.1 Language
All documents, calculation sheets, drawings, etc., to be submitted

to the Purchaser shall be in English or Chinese.
3.4.2 Unit System
Unless otherwise specified, the metric units shall be used in

documents and drawings. However, pipe sizes, flange sizes and
bolts/nuts, shall be indicated in inches.
3.4.3 Drawings and Documents
Vendor shall submit documents to Purchaser in compliance with

the requirements specified in the requisition. The following
documents shall be submitted to Purchaser prior to starting
detailed fabrication drawings.
(A) Engineering drawings shall contain at least the following
information.
(1) Material specification
(2) Thickness
(3) Weight
(4) Nozzle projection
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(5) Size of base plate

(6) Size of anchor bolts and chair
(7) Orientation and elevation
(B) Loading data
(C) Strength calculation sheets
(D) Material mill certificates
3.4.4 Purchaser's Approval on the Manufacturer's Documents
(A) All drawings and documents such as those mentioned

above are subject to the approval of the Purchaser.
However, such approval of the Purchaser shall in no way
relieve the manufacturer of his obligations with respect to
such drawings and documents.
(B) Any variations from and/or additions to this specification

shall be called to the attention of the Purchaser and
approved in separately writing by the Purchaser prior to
starting fabrication.
3.5 Conflicts, deviation, omissions, and alternatives
3.5.1 Any conflict between the requirements of this specification and the
provisions of any applicable standards, codes, regulations,
specifications, and purchasing documents contractually required
for a given application shall be referred to the Owner for resolution
prior to start of design or fabrication.
3.5.2 The codes and standards shall be used as supplements. Codes,

standards, regulations and specifications shall be the latest issue
date including all addenda at the date of request. In case of
different requirements the most stringent shall govern in principle.
4 MATERIAL
4.1 General
4.1.1 Material production shall be by the electric furnace, basic oxygen,

or open hearth processes.
4.1.2 Proposals to use material having a specified maximum tensile

strength greater than 90,000 psi (620 Mpa) at room temperature
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shall be submitted to Owner for approval.
4.1.3 In general, materials shall be in conformity with the ASME or

ASTM material specifications.
4.1.4 Flanges including blind flanges and shell girth flanges shall be
made of forged materials.
4.1.5 Material substitution during vessel fabrication must be equivalent

or better in quality to those specified.
4.1.6 Any alternate shall clearly indicate the official material designation
or the chemical and physical properties for such materials having
only a trade or supplier designation on design drawings.
4.1.7 Steel plates exceeding 25 mm in thickness, which are used for

vessel pressure parts shall be ultrasonically inspected per ASME
SA-435, latest edition. The ultrasonic inspection shall certify that
the plate is sound and that no defects such as pipes, ruptures, or
laminations.
4.1.8 All materials required for pressure and non-pressure components

shall be specified on the data sheets. Acceptable material
selection shall be in accordance with Table I unless otherwise
specified by Contractor and submitted to Owner for approval.
4.1.9 The type and effective depth of cladding shall be based on data
sheets, otherwise they shall be specified by Contractor/Owner.
The effective depth of cladding shall be applicable to all exposed
surfaces, after machining, including gasket contact surfaces and
facing of nozzles.
4.1.10 The use of C-1/2 Mo plate or forgings and SA-515-70 plate is to

be avoided in vessel fabrication.
4.1.11 For equipment to be used in hydrogen service, material selection

shall comply with API RP 941.
4.1.12 Plate materials for sour service shall be ultrasonically inspected in

accordance with ASME SA-578 and acceptance standard shall be
level B & S1 and the equipment to be used in sour service shall
be performed with PWHT.
4.2 Requirements for chemical compositions

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Pressure retaining carbon and carbon manganese steels to be welded shall

comply with the following requirements in ladle analysis
Carbon equivalent (CE) shall not exceed 0.55 where:
% Mn  % Si
CE  %C 
4
4.3 Non-pressure attachments
4.3.1 Miscellaneous non-pressure retaining attachments, such as platform

and ladder clips, pipe supports etc. shall be of the same material
type as the pressure retaining materials to which they are directly
attached.
4.3.2 Structural components such as reinforcing pads, stiffening rings, etc.

or parts directly welded to the vessel shall be of the same material
specification as the vessel shell or head on which they are attached.
4.3.3 Vessel internal support rings and lugs welded to the vessel shell
shall be of the same material specification as the vessel shell.
4.3.4 External non-pressure retaining bolting shall be ASME SA-307 Gr. B

or equivalent. However, the bolting material of platform and ladder
shall be ASME SA-325 for loading connections.
4.3.5 Unless otherwise specified, internal non-pressure retaining bolting

shall be AISI type 304 stainless steel for carbon steel and low alloy
vessels, and the same grade of alloy material as the vessel shell or
shell lining for alloy or alloy lined vessels.
4.4 Shells, heads and other pressure parts
4.4.1 Steel plate for shells, heads and other pressure parts shall be as
specified on the Project specifications.
4.4.2 Where carbon steel is specified, SA-285 Gr. C is the minimum

quality acceptable.
4.4.3 Where killed steel is specified, SA-516 any grade is required.
4.4.4 Pressure-holding components constructed of rolled plate shall be of

the same or comparable material as that used in the shell and
heads.
4.5 Gaskets
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4.5.1 Gaskets of manholes, hand-holes and blanked-off nozzles shall

have gaskets conforming to the piping specification for the lines
connected to the nozzles in the same zone of the vessel.
4.5.2 Solid metal gaskets shall be fully annealed and of one-piece

construction.
4.5.3 Internal gaskets shall be non-asbestos sheets unless otherwise

specified.
4.5.4 Asbestos material shall not be used as filler material.
4.5.5 Internal gaskets shall normally be 1.5mm (1/16in.) thick compressed

non-asbestos full-face gasket with dimensions conforming to the
requirements of the drawing specified.
4.5.6 Unless otherwise specified for low temperature service external

gaskets for manholes and covered nozzles shall be spiral wound
non-asbestos filled flat ring with an 18% Cr 8% Ni steel winding and
a carbon steel solid ring centering device for a raised face flange
with surface finish 125 micro-inches RMS or smoother.
Imperfections extending radically across the gasket-seating surface
are not acceptable. Other external gaskets for nozzles shall be in
accordance with the engineering specification for piping.
4.5.7 For hydrogen service ring joint gaskets for nozzle connections shall
be used.
4.6 Internals
4.6.1 For carbon and killed carbon steel vessels without impact test, pipes
for internals shall be SA-106 or SA-53; plates, bars and shapes shall
be SA-283 Gr. C, SA-36 or better.
4.6.2 For alloy steel vessels, material for internals shall be in accordance
with project Specifications.
4.6.3 Vessel internals made of carbon steel and low alloy steel that are
joined by bolting shall use ASME SA-193, Grade B-6 bolts and
ASME SA-194, Grade 6 (AISI 410) nuts. Bolting materials for joining
higher alloys shall match the material they join.
4.6.4 Internal bolting for connecting parts in areas of corrosion for

installing tower trays and packing supports shall be 18-8 stainless
steel unless otherwise specified in data sheets.
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4.7 Trays and Supports
4.7.1 Trays including decks, valves, caps, seal pans, weirs and
down-comers shall be as specified on the Project Specifications.
4.7.2 Support rings, down-comer bars and other parts welded to the
vessel shall be the same materials as shells.
4.7.3 Studded connections for trays and supports shall not be used.
4.8 External Bolting
4.8.1 Where stainless steel bolting is required for nominal size greater
than 1-1/2”, SA-453 Gr.660 shall be used.
4.8.2 External bolting shall be full threaded studs with two heavy hex. nuts
each.
4.9 Skirts, bases and other external supports
4.9.1 Material for vessel support skirts, external supports and clips welded
directly to the vessel shall be in accordance with the following
requirements:
(A) For special service such as hydrogen service, sour service, etc.
external attachments and skirts (at least a 450 mm upper course)
shall be of the same material specification as the material of the
vessel shell.
(B) For general service

Skirt material, external supports and clips shall be in
accordance with the following tabulation:
Design Other external (note)
Temperature Skirt material Supports & clips
Below 0 ℃ a. At least the upper The same material
900 mm shall be the as the shell to which
same material as the they are attached.
bottom shell.
b. The lower portion
shall be SA-516 or
better.
0℃ to 343 ℃ a. Thickness 16 mm SA-283 Gr. C or better.
and smaller shall be
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SA-283 Gr. C or better.

b. Thickness over 16
mm shall be SA-285 Gr. C
or better.
Above 343 ℃ a. At least the upper The same material
900 mm shall be the as the shell to which
same material as the they are attached.
bottom shell.
b. The lower portion
shall be SA-285 Gr. C or better.
Note: External supports including lugs for platforms, ladders,
insulation supports, pipe guides, pipe supports, etc.
4.9.2 Steel plate for base plates, anchor bolt chairs, reinforcement for skirt
openings and saddle shall be SA-283 Gr. C or better. Shapes shall
be SA-36.
4.10 Clad or Lined Material
4.10.1 Alloy cladding or lining shall be as specified on the Project

Specifications.
4.10.2 Alloy strip lining and integrally clad material shall be per the
following:
Lining or Applicable ASME Standards

Cladding Mat'1 Alloy Strip Integrally Clad Type
Monel
SB127 SA 265 Annealed
(70 Ni 30 Cu)
Ferritic Stainless Steel 410S (0.08% C Max.)
SA 240 SA 263
(13 Cr) 405 with No.1 Finish
Austenitic 304 or 304L
Stainless Steel SA 240 SA 264 316 or 316L
321 or 347L
Inconel
SB168 SA 265 Annealed
(75 Ni 15 Cr 7 Fe )
Inconel
SB 409 SA 265 Annealed
(35 Ni 23 Cr 40 Fe )
4.10.3 Vendor's proposal to use filler material for attaching strip lining and
back cladding shall be submitted to Purchaser for approval by
Owner’s Engineer.
4.10.4 All clad plate shall pass the minimum shear test requirements as per
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Paragraph UCL-11(c) of the ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1.

Test method shall be made in the manner indicated in ASME
SA-263, SA-264, SA-265 Fig.1.
4.11 Clad plate with austenitic stainless cladding in corrosive service shall use
low carbon or stabilized grades of stainless steels.。
5 DESIGN
5.1 General
All unfired pressure vessels shall be designed in accordance with CNS or

Section VIII, Div.1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code of the
latest edition. The Div.2 may consider as an alternated design, when
request by Contractor and approval by Owner. Pressure vessel is parts of
steam generating equipment shall be designed in accordance with Section I
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
5.2 Corrosion Allowance
5.2.1 The corrosion allowance shall be 3 mm (1/8 in.) minimum for all
carbon steel and low alloy steel vessels and 1mm minimum for
stainless steel and high alloy steel vessels. If corrosion allowances
more than the said value is required, the larger corrosion allowance
shall be applied.
5.2.2 The corrosion allowance shall be added to all pressure parts (except
removable internal pressure piping) and non-removable internal parts
on all surfaces exposed to the flowing medium.
5.2.3 Removable internal parts shall be designed to include the corrosion

allowance on one side only.
5.2.4 For compartment type, the specified corrosion allowance shall be

added to each side of the internal head or partition.
5.2.5 A total corrosion allowance of 3 mm for carbon and low alloy steel
shall be applied to the skirt attached to all vertical towers and to
saddles for supporting horizontal vessels.
5.2.6 Corrosion-resistant linings may be considered for vessels in

corrosive service. When liners, cladding, or weld overlays are used,
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they shall not be considered in calculations to determine minimum

thickness of pressure-containing parts or calculations to determine
maximum allowable working pressures.
5.2.7 The lining material for manway and nozzle necks, manway cover
plates, and similar components shall be the same as that used for
the shell.
5.2.8 The thickness of cladding shall be no less than 3 mm.
5.2.9 Corrosion resistant lining with 3 mm minimum thickness shall be

attached to the pressure parts where it is impracticable to use
integrally cladding plate.
5.2.10 Welding metal overlay may be used in lieu of clad lining, providing it
is equal to or better than cladding in corrosion resistance. Welding
metal overlays shall provide a cover 3 mm minimum thickness
(excluding low alloy dilution zone and surface irregularities) and shall
conform to the chemistry of the specified liner alloy. Certified weld
procedures used for overlay shall be submitted to Owner for review.
5.2.11 Chemical analysis shall be made on all welding metal overlayed

surfaces. Analysis are to be performed in sufficient quantities to give
positive assurance that all deposited surfaces meet specification
requirements for chemistry and ferrite content for austenitic stainless
steels. The material specification requirements are to be present in
the top 1.6 mm of all weld deposits.
5.2.12 Non-removable internals including fillet weld throat thickness shall

have the specified full corrosion allowance to each face in contact
with the vessel content.
5.3 Allowable stress
5.3.1 Vessel pressure retaining parts and the support shall be designed to
code allowable tensile and compressive stresses at the design
temperature. For stainless steels, the lower allowable stress values
obtained from ASME Section II Part D must be used for flanges and
other components subject to distortion, whereas the higher allowable
stress values may be used for vessel shell, head and parts that allow
slight deformation due to pressure.
5.3.2 The basic allowable stresses for non-pressure parts, except skirt and
otherwise specified, shall be 33.3% of the ultimate tensile strength,
66.6% of the yield strength, or that producing a creep rate of 1% in
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10,000 hours, which is lower.
5.3.3 The basic allowable stresses for pressure parts and skirt shall be the
values established by the applicable code.
5.3.4 Anchor bolting shall be designed with a basic allowable tensile stress
0.33 times ultimate tensile strength as per AISC.
5.4 Design Temperature
5.4.1 Vessels which will operate at temperature between 0℃ and 315℃

shall be designed for a temperature at least 30℃ above the
maximum anticipated operating temperature.
5.4.2 Vessels which will operate at temperature above 315℃ shall be

designed for temperature 15℃ above the maximum anticipated
operating temperature.
5.4.3 Vessel which will operate at temperature 0℃ and below shall

normally be designed for a temperature 8℃ below the lowest
operating temperature.
5.4.4 When different metal temperature can definitely be predicted to occur

for different zones of a vessel during operation, this different
temperature shall be taken into account in the design of the zones
affected, and in the specification of material.
5.4.5 Special consideration must be given to the design of vessels that are
in dry-out or steam out systems.
5.5 Design Pressure
5.5.1 Vessels subject to internal pressure shall be designed for a pressure

equal to the maximum anticipated operating pressure, plus 10% or 2
kg/cm2, whichever is greater, but the minimum design pressure shall
be 3.5 kg/cm2（gage）(50 psig) for low pressure vessels.
5.5.2 All vessels normally subject to internal pressure shall generally be

designed to withstand a minimum external pressure of 0.53 kg/cm2.
5.5.3 Vessels normally subject to internal pressure but connected to the

suction of a compressor or other evacuating equipment shall be
designed for full vacuum.
5.5.4 Design external pressure in inner shell of jacketed vessels shall be

the set pressure of jacket relief valve.
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5.5.5 Vessel without pressure relieving devices shall be provided with an

outlet, which can not be completely blocked off. The minimum outlet
opening shall be sized so that the maximum pressure, which can be
developed in vessel, is not greater than the design pressure.
5.5.6 The hydrostatic test pressure at the top of each section of a vessel
shall be no lower than the pressure determined from ASME Sect. VIII
Div.1 UG-99b as the following:
Srt
C x MAWP x
Sdt
Where:
The ratio Srt/ Sdt shall be the lowest ratio for the materials of which the
vessel is constructed.
C ＝1.3 for vessels designed to ASME Code Section VIII, Div.1.,
Srt ＝ Allowable design stress at room temperature,
Sdt ＝ Allowable design stress at design temperature,
The M.A.W.P. in the above as defined as UG-99(b) Note 34 to be set to
the same as the design pressure.
5.5.7 The design of reinforcement and thickness of nozzle necks shall not
limit the maximum allowable pressure at the design conditions or for
the new, cold and un-corroded conditions.
5.6 Shell and head
5.6.1 Normally vessel heads shall be designed as 2:1 ratio semi-ellipsoidal

type. Hemispherical heads may be used when so indicated by the
design condition.
5.6.2 Conical heads and reducing sections shall have transition knuckles
when used in any one of the following conditions:
(A) Design pressure greater than 7 kg cm2（gage）, or design

temperature in excess of 230 ℃.
(B) Material used thickness of 25 mm or greater.

(C) Equipment containing special service such as Sour, H2S, Amine
and etc.
5.6.3 When the bottom head of a vertical vessel is a cone supported on a

skirt, this cone shall have a knuckle radius due to the proximity of
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attachment welds.
5.6.4 Intermediate heads in vessels shall be attached to shell per ASME

code Section VIII Div.1 Fig. UW-13.1 (e)
5.6.5 No longitudinal welded joints shall be allowed within the down-comer

area or behind any other plate or obstruction, which prevents proper
inspection of the weld. Circumferential welded joints shall clear tray
support ring welds by 30 mm minimum.
5.6.6 All welds in formed heads shall be 100 percent radiography.
5.7 Conical shell
5.7.1 Design of cone to cylinder junctions shall consider loads from

earthquake, wind, dead weight etc, as well as pressure.
5.7.2 Apex angle of conical transitions shall normally be 60o maximum but
shall not exceed 90o. Knuckles, where required, shall have inside
radius not less than 10% of adjacent cylinder outside diameter.
5.8 Joint efficiency
Joint efficiency shall be as per Code requirements, taking into consideration that
spot radiography is a minimum requirement for all pressure vessels. Acceptance
is obtained from the Owner for each particular weld.
5.9 Shell and head seam layout
5.9.1 Plate layout shall be arranged so that visual inspection of seams

inside and outside can be performed as much as possible with the
vessel complete including internals in place.
5.9.2 Longitudinal seams should preferably be located 180o apart, but in

no case the offset shall be closer than 4 times the plate thickness or
150 mm whichever is greater.
5.9.3 For horizontal vessels, the longitudinal seams shall not be located
underside of the vessel shells. The longitudinal and circumferential
seams shall clear saddles and their reinforcing pads.
5.9.4 Joints between shell plates of different thickness shall be aligned at

the inside surface of vessel shell, and shall have a taper on the
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outside as required per code. Where rectangular inserts are used for
opening reinforcements they shall extend to main seams or shall
have rounded corners with a minimum of 50 mm radius.
5.9.5 All vessel longitudinal and circumferential seams shall, to the

maximum extent possible, clear from nozzles, manholes and their
reinforcing pads (weld edge to edge distance) by a minimum of 40
mm or 2 x t (t is the vessel shell or head thickness), whichever is
smaller. If it is not possible to be avoided, the RT or UT examination
shall be applied.
5.9.6 All internal and external structural attachment welds shall clear weld
seams (weld edge to edge distance) by at least 25 mm or t (t is the
vessel shell or head thickness), whichever is greater, or cross the
seam completely rather than to stop abruptly near the seam. If it is
not possible to be avoided, the RT or UT examination shall be
applied.
5.9.7 When it is not possible to avoid opening interfering with a girth seam,
the seam shall be ground flush, fully radiograph and subjected to
magnetic particle examination for a length equal to three times the
diameter of the opening with the center of the opening at middle
length.
5.10 Minimum thickness
5.10.1 Vessel shells and heads shall have minimum thickness of not less
than the requirements of code design, using design temperature,
design pressure, and corrosion allowance as specified on the
drawings. In any event, the minimum thickness of alloy steel vessel,
excluding corrosion allowance, weld metal overlay or clad thickness,
shall not be less than the larger of the following values:
2.5 mm＋0.001×D or 5 mm (D ＝ Inside diameter of vessel, mm)
5.10.2 Nozzle and manhole necks
Nozzle and manhole necks shall not be less than the minimum
thickness specified in Appendix 3 of this specification. Necks of
nozzles and manholes shall be made of seamless pipe except for
forged nozzle necks, and for necks of 14” NB or larger which may be
made of plate materials. In case neck is fabricated from plate, 100%
radiography of longitudinal weld shall be performed.
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5.10.3 Internal non-pressure retaining parts
Internal parts minimum thickness shall be 6 mm.

For carbon steel, internal non-pressure piping and fittings removable
through the vessel manhole shall have the minimum nominal wall
thickness to the standard wall pipe to ASME B36.10M for 6” NPS and
smaller, and 6 mm for 8” NPS and larger. For corrosion resistant alloy,
the minimum wall thickness shall be SCH.10S for 12” NPS and
smaller, and 4.5 mm for 14” NPS and larger. The minimum corroded
thickness of non-removable parts, and that of fillet strength welds
measured through the throat, shall be 3.0 mm
5.10.4 Supports rings, down-comer bar and other parts welded to the vessel
shall be the minimum thickness 10 mm (3/8") when carbon steel and low
alloy, 6 mm (1/4") when alloy unless otherwise specified.
5.11 Supports
5.11.1 Vertical vessels shall normally be designed as self-supporting units,

and no guy wires will be permitted. Wind and earthquake loading to
be used in design shall be as specified in par. 5.19 & 5.20.
5.11.2 Vertical vessels shall normally be supported on skirts or lugs. Small

slightly loaded vessels may be supported on structural steel or steel
pipe legs. Material and design stress for structural supports shall be
according to AISC.
5.11.3 Vessels shall be designed to be self-supporting and the supports

shall be continuously welded to the shell. ASME Sec VIII division 1,
Appendix G, suggested good practice for supports, is mandatory.
5.11.4 The wall thickness shall be sufficient to withstand circumferential

buckling, local bending moment and shear stresses, other than
those stresses due to external pressure.
5.11.5 Skirts shall be designed to be attached to both bottom head and

base ring by continuous welds.
5.11.6 Welded joints in the skirt shall be double or single welded butt joints
as required.
5.11.7 Skirts shall be provided with openings for ventilation. Skirts shall be
provided with access hole or inspection hole. Openings for pipe
connections to the bottom of the vessel shall be provided as
required. Openings shall be large enough to clear the pipe or the
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insulation. The requirements of access or inspection holes, vents,

and nozzle openings shall be per Appendix 5.
5.11.8 Vertical vessels supported on skirts shall not have threaded or

flanged connections located inside the skirt.
5.11.9 Horizontal vessels shall be supported with minimum two saddles.

On the sliding side of horizontal vessels installed on concrete
structures, sliding plates shall be provided beneath the saddle base
plate.
5.11.10 For skirt support, anchor bolts locations shall straddle the principal
centerlines (0o-180o and 90o-270o lines) of the vessel or lines
parallel thereto. Anchor bolts shall have two nuts with one washer.
Anchor bolts shall be supplied in multiplies of four, and minimum
size shall be M20.
5.11.11 Where vertical vessels will be installed on the concrete foundation

and supported by skirt or like having a continuous ring type base
plate with more than four anchor bolts, anchor bolt templates shall
be supplied.
5.11.12 Legs should not be used on compressor knockout drums or on

similar service, where severe pulsation will make the vessel vibrate.
5.11.13 Legs longer than 2000 mm shall be crossed braced.
5.11.14 Saddles and/or stiffening bands on horizontal vessels shall be

continuously welded to the vessels.
5.11.15 Internal shell attachments such as deck support angles, lugs, clips
and seats shall be designed for welding to the vessel shell or head
by continuous fillet welds. Full penetration welding shall be used in
special service such as sour, hydrogen service, etc.
5.11.16 Welded-in baffles or decks for vessels 1200 mm diameter or larger,

shall have integrally flanged edges and shall be welded to the
vessel by a continuous fillet weld at the flanged edge.
5.11.17 Cold vessels shall have the following minimum saddle projections
from outside diameter of the shell to base plates:
Operating Temperature from -29℃ to -73℃ 230mm min, and

Operating Temperature below -73℃ 300mm min.
5.11.18 Insulated vessels shall be provided with insulation support devices

as required.
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5.11.19 Lifting lugs shall be provided where necessary for construction,

plant operation and maintenance.
5.11.20 External vessel attachments on un-insulated vessels such as ring

plates, stiffeners, brackets, pipe sleeves, saddle-bearing plates on
horizontal vessels, etc. shall be seal welded at all joining edges in
addition to strength welds. Nozzle reinforcing pads shall have a
1/4-inch NPT hole located at the lowest point, after pressure testing
of pad, holes shall be plugged with grease. For cryogenic service
the wooden plug shall be provided. All other attachments shall have
one 6 mm vent hole at the lowest point.
5.11.21 The minimum thickness of plate shall be 12 mm for base plate, 6

mm for skirt and 10 mm for gusset.
5.11.22 On double chambered vessels, piping penetrating the vessel walls

with reassures welds at both ends should be avoided.
5.12 Openings and Connections
5.12.1 All connections shall be flanged. Slip-on flanges shall not be used
unless otherwise specified. Flanged manholes and nozzles shall be
of forged long welding neck (LWN) or built-up construction using
welding neck (WN) flanges. WN flanges shall have the same bore
as the nozzle neck. When inside diameters of nozzles are specified
on the vessel drawing or data sheet they shall be maintained. When
the inside diameters of manholes are specified, they shall be
considered as a minimum required inside diameter.
5.12.2 The minimum size flanged connection shall be 1-1/2", except in

certain class 1" size long welding neck type flanged nozzle may be
used.
5.12.3 Vortex breakers shall be provided for pump suction outlets and
other outlets, which may have a sufficient flow rate to set up a
vortex.
Flood nipples, usually 150 mm or 1/2 diameter of outlet pipe, shall be
provided on all process bottom outlets to control valves, orifices, etc.
5.12.4 Flanges which are 24 inches or smaller and pressure classes of

1500 or less, and flanges 12 inches or smaller in the class 2500,
shall be according to ASME B16.5, latest edition. Flanges not within
the scope listed above shall be designed according to the rules of
appendix 2, Sect. VIII, Div.1 of the ASME pressure vessel code.
Class 400 flanges shall not be used. Flanges over 24” NB and
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connected to piping shall be in accordance with ASME B16.47

series A.
5.12.5 Girth (body) flanges and non-standard flanges, if any, shall be

designed to the code rules, and shall be of welding neck type butt
welded to the corresponding shell. For vertical vessels with girth
flanges external loading due to wind and earthquake with the vessel
dead weight shall be taken into consideration for the design.
5.12.6 The type of flange facing shall be indicated on the vessel schedule.
Flange rating and facing shall be consistent with the specification of
the connecting piping. Manway, hand hole, and blanked-off flange
facing shall be similar to nozzles in the same section of the vessel.
5.12.7 Gasket seating face shall be raised face and shall have surface
finish in accordance with ASME B16.5, unless otherwise specified.
Flange surface shall be judged by visual comparison with surface
finish roughness standards conforming to ASME B46.1
5.12.8 Stud bolts threaded in full length, and hex heavy nuts shall be used
for all flanges bolting. Unified thread according to ASME B1.1 shall
be used for all bolting including pressure part and non-pressure part
thereof. However, as for pressure retaining bolting threads, nominal
diameter 1" and smaller shall be of the coarse thread series and
nominal diameter 1-1/8" and larger shall be of the 8-thread series.
Tolerances shall be class 2A for bolts and class 2B for nuts.
5.12.9 For bolts of nonstandard size flange, bolt diameters 1-1/2" and
larger bolt lengths shall be specified one nut thickness longer than
normally required to accommodate the use of bolt-on type hydraulic
bolt tensioning equipment. A threaded cap or an additional nut shall
be provided to protect the extended threaded part.
5.12.10 Drain and vent nozzles shall be trimmed flush with the inside of the
vessel. All other connections may project internally if they do not
interfere with flow or any other internal parts and removal of same.
5.12.11 TI connections on columns shall be located 3" above top of weir in

down-comer area.
5.12.12 Bolt holes of bolted connections shall straddle the natural horizontal
and vertical centerlines for horizontal vessels and the vertical and
north-south centerlines for vertical vessels. Bolt holes in flanges of
nozzles and girth flanges shall straddle the principal centerlines
(0o-180o and 90o-270o lines) of the vessel or lines parallel thereto
and when vertical shall straddle the vessel vertical centerline. The
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orientation of bolt hole shall clearly be specified on Contractor’s

fabrication drawings.
5.12.13 Unless otherwise noted, nozzle projection from the outside of the
shell to the face of the flange shall not be less than those listed in
the following table:
Table for nozzle projection
Unit: mm
NOZZLE NOMINAL SIZE
FLANGE
3” &
RATING 4” 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24”
BELOW
CLASS 150 150 150 200 200 200 200 200 200 250 250 250
CLASS 300 150 200 200 200 200 200 250 250 250 250 250
CLASS 600 200 200 200 250 250 250 300 300 300 300 300
CLASS 900 200 250 250 250 300 300 300 300 350 350 400
5.12.14 Nozzle neck shall be suitable for the applicable loading, however,
the minimum neck thickness, for all nozzles, manholes and
inspection openings shall not be less than the smaller of:
(A) Thickness required for pressure of shell or head to which the
nozzle is attached, calculated with a joint efficiency of 100%,
plus the specified corrosion allowance,
(B) Thickness mentioned in the Appendix-3 table for the specified
corrosion allowance.
5.12.15 All vessels shall have a utility connection the size shall be 2 inches.
5.12.16 The minimum thickness of hub of a welding neck flange where it is

welded to the nozzle or manhole neck shall not be less than
minimum of paragraph 5.12.14.
5.12.17 The edges at the inside diameter and outside diameter of internally
projecting nozzles, including manholes shall be rounded to a
minimum of 3 mm radius except for pipe less than 6 mm thick which
shall be rounded to a radius equal to one-half the wall thickness.
5.12.18 Nozzles other than drain nozzles may project internally to the extent
required for welding, but the projection of nozzles within the tray
areas shall not interfere with tray installation or removal. Draw-off
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nozzles in bottom heads of packed or trayed towers shall be

provided with internal projections (having drain slots) and a
removable "top hat", perforated strainer extending at least 1-1/2
nozzle diameters above top of nozzle projection.
5.12.19 Internal vessel piping shall be made removable through the use of
flanges.
5.12.20 All vessel connections shall be flanged unless butt-weld

connections are indicated on the vessel drawings or data sheets by
Contractor. Threaded or socket welded connections are not
permitted.
5.12.21 All nozzles and manholes and their reinforcement pads shall be
attached to the vessel with full penetration welds, and by “set-in”
configurations (double welded), except for small bore (2” NB and
under) nozzles attached onto forged blind flanges “set-on” type may
be used subject to Owner approval.
5.12.22 Nozzle and manhole projection shall be determined to maintain the

flange bolting or the field butt-welds clear of the vessel wall,
insulation, platforms or other obstructions. The minimum nozzle and
manhole projections are as shown in paragraph 5.12.13 of this
specification.
5.12.23 Lap joints with carbon steel flanges are not acceptable.
5.12.24 Miter shall not be used.
5.12.25 Relief valves, pressure indicators, temperature indicators, steam out,

vent and drains shall be located in piping whenever feasible.
5.12.26 Studded pad outlet shall penetrate the vessel shell and have full
penetration welds. Nozzle size for vents, drains and instrument
connections shall be minimum size 1-1/2”.
5.13 Opening reinforcement
5.13.1 LWN or integrally reinforced forged neck shall be used for nozzle or
manhole as the following condition, pad type opening reinforcement
is not allowed:
(A) Vessel have flange rating ASME class 600 and higher
(B) Vessel with shell wall thickness greater than 50 mm.
5.13.2 The vessel is in cyclic or thermal shock service, integral

reinforcement employing butt welds to shell or head shall be used.
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The welds shall be examined by radiography.
5.13.3 Reinforcing pads shall be made from the same material (same
specification) as the shell, shall be within Code limits and
minimum thickness shall be same as the shell thickness. Pad
thickness shall not exceed 1.5 times shell thickness. Appendix-4
shows the minimum pad outside diameters.
5.14 Inspection and Access Openings
5.14.1 Vessels shall be provided with the manholes and inspection

openings shall be in accordance with the requirements of the ASME
or CNS code.
5.14.2 Size, quantity and location of manholes shall be such that to provide
easy access for installation, inspection and maintenance of internal
parts. For columns with trays, manholes shall be provided at least
the following locations.
(A) On top
(B) At feed tray
(C) On bottom
(D) At accumulator tray
(E) Every 20 trays as a guideline
5.14.3 For frequent cleaning service additional manholes shall be provided

at feed points.
5.14.4 All manhole blind flanges shall be provided with davits in

accordance with Contractor specification as applicable, except for
the covers on the vessel top end shell flange served as a manhole,
suitable lifting lugs shall be provided. On cold insulated vessels
hinges shall be provided in accordance with Contractor
specification.
5.14.5 All covers and blind flanges weighing 35 kgs to 90 kgs shall be
furnished with hinges and over 90 kgs shall be furnished with davits.
5.14.6 Manhole openings in vertical plane shall be furnished with grab

rungs inside the vessel. Manholes in a vertical plane shall be
provided with handgrips and ladder rungs inside the vessel where
necessary to facilitate entrance or exit, except for those sections
filled with catalyst, filling and packing. Details of internal ladder
rungs and handgrips shall be in accordance with Contractor
specification.
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5.14.7 Ladder rungs shall be provided in vertical vessels where the

centerline of the bottom manhole is 1,200 mm or greater above the
bottom tangent line.
5.14.8 Manholes in horizontal vessels shall be located in the heads, unless

the arrangement of access platform makes this impracticable.
5.14.9 Towers with trays shall have one manhole above top tray, and one
inspection manhole below bottom tray. Additional manholes spaced
at intervals required for good operation or maintenance shall be
provided. Wherever possible, these additional manholes shall be
located at side stream take off, trap tray draw-offs, and at feed
distribution piping, and shall be of sufficient size to pass all
internals.
5.15 Loading conditions
5.15.1 Design pressures and temperatures should be shown in the

Contractor's drawing or data sheets, with the following
considerations:
(A) Design pressures do not include the liquid head unless
otherwise indicated. (Design pressure applies at top of vessel
i.e. liquid head should be added for the design.)
(B) Contractor’s design shall allow for pressure differential across
trays, packed beds or vessel components where so specified.
(C) Multi-compartment vessels shall have their common
component(s) designed for the maximum
pressure/temperature condition. This will normally be with
either vessel in shutdown condition or the other in operating.
5.15.2 Hydrostatic test loads both in the shop test position and in the site
erected position (corroded condition for future test). In addition, all
vessels including their supports shall be capable of supporting a full
load of water at atmospheric pressure in the erected position.
5.15.3 The vessels and their supports, including anchor bolts, shall be
designed to support combination of loads to which the vessels may
be subjected.
5.15.4 The following combination of loads shall be considered for the

design of vessels and supports including anchor bolts, and stability
against overturning.
(A) During Erection

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Weight of vessel, less all-loose internals, insulation,

fireproofing, piping and platforms attached to the vessel.
(B) As Erected
(1) Weight of vessel, less all-loose internals, insulation,
fireproofing, piping and platforms attached to the
vessel.
(2) Wind or earthquake loads whichever is greater.
(C) Test in field
(1) Dead weight of vessel, including all internals, insulation,
fireproofing, piping and platforms attached to the vessel,
but excluding catalyst.
(2) Weight of water for testing the vessel.
(3) Pressure applied for testing.
(4) One quarter of wind load in operation condition.
(D) Normal operation
(1) Dead weight of vessel, including all internals, insulation,
fireproofing, piping, platforms, and corrosion resistant
linings.
(2) Operating weight of "Fluid".
(3) Weight of catalyst.
(4) Design pressure at design temperature.
(5) Wind load
(6) Earthquake load
(7) Piping reaction force and reactions of support.
(8) Impact loads, including fluctuating pressure.
(9) Temperature conditions, introducing differential strain
loading.
5.15.5 Wind and earthquake full loads shall be assumed not to occur
simultaneously.
5.15.6 The vessel strength shall be verified considering test, road and ocean
transport, erection and operation condition.
5.15.7 Contractor design shall allow for pressure and stiffness thrusts from
expansion joints, if any, thrusts or friction loads from piping, and any
differential expansion between vessel components or between the
vessel and supports.
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5.16 Load combinations
Vessels and their supports shall be designed to resist the effects of the
above loads with the load combinations, design conditions and allowable
stresses as summarized in Appendix-1 of this specification.
5.17 Deflection and wind induced vibration
5.17.1 The maximum deflection of a column due to wind loading shall not
exceed L/200, where L is the length of column including skirt length.
5.17.2 Wind-induced Vibration
a. Vertical vessels shall be checked for wind-induced vibration

when:
H > 30 m with H/D ratio > 15
or when
W
 25
HD2
where
H: is the height of vessel with support in feet
D: is the diameter of vessel in feet
(For multi-diameter vessels the diameter shall equal the
weighted diameter of the top one third)
W: is the weight of the vessel in pounds in operating conditions
b. The use of spoilers (vortex breakers), or guying in order to

stabilize the vessel is prohibited.
Design changes required are available for examples: changes in
thickness, diameter, flaring the skirt, in order to maintain stresses
and amplitude within allowable limits.
c. The fatigue life of those vessels susceptible to wind induced
vibration shall be a minimum of one million cycles the fatigue curve
in ASME Section VIII Div 2 shall be used for the materials at
specified temperature.
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5.18 Other calculations
5.18.1 Wall thickness of horizontal vessels shall have sufficient strength to

withstand circumferential buckling, local bending moment and shear
stress. Stresses due to saddle supports on horizontal vessels shall
be checked in accordance with L. P. Zick method or equivalent.
5.18.2 Complete detailed calculations shall be provided for lug type

supports, when used. The calculations shall include the effects on
the vessel shell local to the attachment.
5.18.3 Local stresses due to external loads on nozzles or brackets shall be

calculated in accordance with the method given in Welding
Research Council (WRC) bulletin 107/297 or other approved
methods, such as FEA method, when required.
The resulting stresses shall be evaluated using the criteria of ASME
Section VIII Division 2. The minimum nozzle force and moment
show Appendix-2 of this specification.
5.18.4 Thermal design shall be in accordance with process and code

requirements.
5.18.5 In case cyclic loadings are occurred, the life cycle shall be a minimum of
106 cycles.
5.19 Wind Loading
Calculations of wind load shall be based on “the Rule of Architecture

Technology”. (台灣建築技術規則, 最新版)
5.20 Earthquake Loading
Calculations of seismic load shall be based on “the Rule of Architecture

Technology”. (台灣建築技術規則, 最新版)
5.21 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
5.21.1 Post-weld heat treatment shall be performed as follows:

(A) When required by applicable code
(B) For vessels in the following service:
(1) NaOH, when design temperature above 49℃.
(2) AMINE (MEA.DEA.TEA.DIPA etc.)for all design temperature.
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(3) K2 CO3 when design temperature above 90℃

(4) Lethal Substance
(5) Sour substance
5.21.2 Post weld heat treatment shall be considered in the design of

vessels that may be subject to stress corrosion.
5.21.3 Post weld heat treatment shall be considered in the design of

vessels of unusual configuration or component design in which high
stresses may develop in the welds because of restraint.
5.21.4 The Contractor shall provide detailed specifications for post weld
heat treatment of field fabricated and/or erected vessels. The
maximum safe wind velocity during post weld heat treatment, the
insulation thickness, the required heater capacity, and the number
and location of thermocouples shall be specified.
5.21.5 Vessels which require post weld heat treatment shall have the
following notes on the vessel drawings:
(A) Post weld heat treatment is required for the service of this
vessel.
(B) Welding on the vessel is not permitted after post-weld heat
treatment had been performed.
5.22 Radiography
5.22.1 Vessels shall be designed for radiographic examination in

accordance with the requirements of the specified code. Vessels
shall be examined by full radiography if vessels will contain Lethal
substances.
5.22.2 Longitudinal and circumferential seams shall be subject to spot

radiography as the minimum requirement.
5.22.3 Unless specified otherwise, spot radiography shall be performed as

outlined in UW-52 of the specified Code except that at least one
radiograph showing not less than 350 mm of weld shall be taken of
each longitudinal and circumferential weld. When 85% joint
efficiency is called for by Contractor, spot radiography is required. In
addition, all weld intersections shall be radiograph. Areas to be
radiograph shall be designated by Owner’s Inspector.
5.23 Trays
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5.23.1 Trays shall be designed to the following loading conditions for the
fully assembled, corroded thickness. The maximum allowable
stresses shall provide a safety factor of three (3) based on ultimate
tensile strength at applicable temperature.
(A) Uniform live load at operating temperature:
Active tray area --- 0.0098 kg/cm2 live load or weight of
process fluid or water at 50 mm over the maximum weir
setting, whichever is greater.
Area under down-comers - 0.031 kg/cm2 or a head equivalent
to the head of process fluid or water equal to one-half of the
height of the down-comer, whichever is greater.
(B) Pans --- 0.07 kg/cm2 live load or the weight of water at the
maximum operating level of the pan. Baffles --- 0.07 kg/cm2
live load on the projected horizontal area.
(C) Concentrated load at any point - 136 kg at shutdown
conditions (ambient temperature and no liquid loading).
(D) The maximum deflection should not exceed the following at
any point from a theoretical horizontal plane.
Tray plates - 3 mm maximum calculated
Beam under 3000 mm long -3 mm maximum calculated
Beams over 3000 mm long - 0.001 Tower diameter (mm)
5.23.2 Regardless of the calculated thickness determined from loads in

Paragraph 5.23.1, the minimum thickness for trays, weirs,
down-comers and stiffening beams (including corrosion allowance)
shall be as follows:
(A) All bolting, nuts and washers material shall be no less than
Type 410S stainless. Higher alloys shall be specified to meet
process requirements.
(B) The minimum fabrication thickness:
C.S. Alloy Materials
I.D. 1.8 m I.D. Over
or less 1.8 m
Deck plate and 10 USS Gage 14 USS Gage 12 USS Gage
removable down-comers,
draw off pans, and
seal pans
Welded in 10 USS Gage 12 USS Gage 12 USS Gage
Down-comers, draw off
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pans, and seal pans

Draw off pipes 10 USS Gage 14 USS Gage 12 USS Gage
Weir 10 USS Gage 12 USS Gage 12 USS Gage
Weir support & 10 USS Gage 14 USS Gage 12 USS Gage
closure plate
Bubble caps 10 USS Gage 16 USS Gage 16 USS Gage
Risers (fixed) 10 USS Gage 16 USS Gage 16 USS Gage
Risers (removable) 10 USS Gage 14 USS Gage 14 USS Gage
Minor beams 10 USS Gage 12 USS Gage 12 USS Gage
Major beams 7 USS Gage 7 USS Gage 7 USS Gage
Bolts ──── 3/8" Dia. 3/8" Dia.
5.23.3 A minimum corrosion allowance of 1.5 mm total more than the

required design thickness for trays and tray stiffening beams only,
unless the Vendor show that no corrosion will occur to the material
used.
5.23.4 All parts of trays shall be accessible for inspection, cleaning, and
repair through the internal manways without the need of removing
an excessive number of tray components. All crawl spaces where
men must work in performing the necessary maintenance shall
have a minimum clearance of 250 mm under any obstruction.
This clearance shall not be required under a main supporting beam
where internal manways are provided on both sides of the beam.
The depth of structural beams installed perpendicular to the flow of
liquid across a tray shall not exceed 25% of the required tray
spacing.
5.23.5 Access to all parts of the trays shall be provided through internal
manways or removable tray plates. Multi-pass trays shall be
provided with access-ways on each pass of the tray. Each such
opening shall be the maximum size consistent with entry or removal
of its cover plate through vessel manway. Internal manways shall
be removable from top side of trays. Internal manway openings
shall be vertically aligned insofar as possible.
5.23.6 Bolted inlet weirs shall be designed to allow removal from tray side
of weir. Shell clips holding weirs shall be as high as weirs at
topmost position.
5.23.7 Down-comer aprons subject to liquid head pressure shall be

designed to be structurally stable. The maximum deflection of the
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down-comer apron under liquid head pressure shall not exceed 3

mm at any point, or shall not exceed 3 mm at any point for the case
where inlet weirs are not required.
5.23.8 Holes in sieve-plates or perforated trays shall be punched or drilled

from the top side. Holes in bubble cap trays for risers may be
punched or burned. Punched holes shall be punched from the side
that the riser is installed. Burned holes shall be made with automatic
devices following a template. All burrs or slag shall be removed on
any tray fabrication. The use of self-tapping components through
punched holes is not acceptable.
5.23.9 Automatic drainage of trays shall be provided by weep holes in the

base of the trays and weirs.
5.23.10 Support ring widths for various size vessels shall be as follows:
Tower Diameter Width of Support
in mm in mm
under 1350 38
1350 to 2550 50
2550 to 3750 65
3750 to 4950 75
4950 to 9000 90
5.23.11 Towers having inside diameters exceeding 6100 mm shall receive

special consideration. Gussets shall be used under concentrated
load points. A corrosion allowance of 1.6 mm shall be added to one
side only for carbon steel rings.
5.23.12 Tray support rings, bolting bars, and other internal attachments in
clad vessels shall be of the same material as the cladding.
5.23.13 One tray of each size and type with its accessories shall be
assembled and carefully checked at the place of fabrication, before
shipment, when trays are shipped separately for field or vessel shop
installation.
5.23.14 Chimney trays shall be designed for water load up to the chimney
top and be prevented from floating when tower is filled from the
bottom. Chimney trays shall be welded construction (No bolting or
weep holes) except for chimney hood attachment.
5.23.15 Weld rod, cladding, or vessel internal parts made from martensitic
stainless steels of 11% to 18% chrome that require welding during
fabrication shall be modified by limiting the carbon content to 0.08
per cent maximum.
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5.24 Vessel internals
5.24.1 All internals that are not permanently welded to the shell shall be
designed and fabricated to be removable through the nearest
manhole unless otherwise specified.
5.24.2 Calming baffles as per Contractor specification shall be provided for

level instrument connections of vertical vessels, where protection
against fluctuation of liquid level is required.
5.24.3 Internal piping that requires maintenance or is installed at such

locations where the pipe will interfere with the maintenance of other
internals shall be removable using internal flanges as per
Contractor specification. Internal distributor piping with spray
nozzles shall be provided with ASME slip-on flanges with gasket.
5.24.4 Unless otherwise specified, wire mesh blanket supports shall be

designed in accordance with Contractor specification. The support
design shall allow for flow direction, pressure drop, dead weight and
maintenance loads and if necessary, be stiffened by support
beams.
5.24.5 Minimum fillet weld size shall be 0.7 times thickness of attachments
plus corrosion allowance but not be exceeded the thickness of
attachments. Internal attachment shall avoid single side fillet weld or
stitch welding. Internals such as bolting shall be properly secured
against loosening by vibration etc
5.25 Insulation & fireproofing
5.25.1 Vessel insulation shall be in accordance with Owner insulation

specification.
5.25.2 When vessel is to be insulated, insulation support rings & clips shall
be furnished as shown on the insulation specification.
5.25.3 Other rings, such as vacuum, compression or girders shall be used

as insulation rings, with additional insulation rings where needed.
5.25.4 Skirts shall be fireproofed on the outside only for vessels smaller
than 1000mm outside diameter.
5.25.5 Skirts shall be fireproofed on the inside and outside for vessels
1000mm outside diameter and larger.
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5.25.6 Fireproofing shall be 50 mm thick concrete.
5.25.7 In general, supports for vertical vessel on structure and saddles for
horizontal vessels shall not be fireproofed, unless otherwise
specified.
5.25.8 Saddles shall be fireproofed if the clear distance between the base
plate and the bottom of the vessel (the bottom of insulation, if any)
is exceeding 305 mm.
5.26 External Clips & Attachments
5.26.1 The following clips and other items which are welded to the outside
surface or vessel or skirt shall be shown on vessel shop drawings.
Clips for Ladders
Clips for Platforms
Clips for pipe Supports
Clips for pipe Guides
Davits for column, manhole, etc.
Clips for special brackets such as reboilers, etc.
5.26.2 Contractor shall provide all required clips for platforms, ladders and
pipe supports welded to the vessel in accordance with the
information provided by Contractor. Clips for cold insulated vessels
shall be minimized and preferably be pipe shaped. The clips will be
covered with cold insulation for a length of 4 times the insulation
thickness from the vessel, unless the connecting brackets are
thermally isolated properly. The clip design shall allow for a
sufficient length so that the bolting to the connecting brackets is
away from the insulation, or otherwise the brackets shall also be
covered with insulation material for a minimum length of 4 times the
insulation thickness from the vessel wall. The fixing bolts, nuts and
the brackets covered by cold insulation shall have impact properties
no less than that required for the vessel.
5.26.3 Every pressure vessel shall be fitted with a stainless steel

nameplate permanently mounted on a dedicated bracket in
accordance with the Contractor specification (for pressure vessels),
located at a conspicuous position of the vessel. Nameplate shall
preferably be located 1500 mm above base plate for vertical
vessels, and at the middle of the head for horizontal vessels. For
cold insulated vessels the nameplate and its bracket shall be
thermally isolated using appropriate heat barrier to avoid
atmospheric condensation and icing.
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5.26.4 All vessels installed on concrete foundation shall be provided with 2

earth lugs as per the Contractor’s specification.
5.26.5 Columns with trays shall be provided with column davit on the top of
the column, unless other means of lifting devices are provided for
lifting of the tray parts. Column davit shall be in accordance with
Contractor’s specification.
5.26.6 Where hot insulation, including personnel and fire protection

insulation is specified for vertical vessels (incl. vertical risers or drop
legs on horizontal vessels), insulation support rings and clips shall
be provided in accordance with the Contractor’s general
specifications. In addition, when the design temperature of the
vessel exceeds 400℃, the vessel skirt shall be insulated internally
(for vessel diameter greater than 1200 mm) and externally down to
min. 600 mm below the bottom tangential line.
5.26.7 Lifting lugs or trunnions shall be provided for all vertical vessels with
erection weights more than 3,000 kg, unless otherwise agreed.
Lifting lugs or trunnions shall be designed in accordance with the
Contractor general specifications. Contractor’s standard lifting lugs
may be used subject to approval by Contractor. For all lifting lugs
and trunnions, shock load factor of 1.5 shall be taken into account
for the vessel erection weight.
5.26.8 Tailing lug shall be provided for vertical vessels if the vessel is
either over 2,000 mm in inside diameter, over 10,000 mm in vessel
total length, or over 10,000 kg in erection weight. Reinforcement for
skirt shall be provided, if necessary, to prevent deformation of the
skirt during erection by tailing lug. Shock load factor of 1.5 shall be
taken into account for the tailing lug and skirt reinforcement design.
5.27 Ladders & Platforms
5.27.1 Access platforms and ladders shall be provided for all manways and
equipment mounted on vessels, which are more than 3600 mm
above grade. Ladders shall be equipped with safety cages and
platforms with handrails and kick plates.
5.27.2 Ladders above 3 meters from grade shall be provided with cages.
Cages will be started at 2.1 to 2.4 meters from grade.
5.27.3 Maximum platform intervals shall be 9 meters with offset ladder.

5.27.4 Provide platforms at all manhole above 3.6 meters from grade.
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5.27.5 Provide platforms at the top of all vertical vessels.
5.28 Templates
Vertical vessels, supported by skirts, shall be provided with templates for anchor
bolts arrangement.
5.29 Nozzle Symbols
5.29.1 Owner use a system of nozzle symbols to make it easier to quickly

identify nozzles and couplings, as well as give Owner some hint as
to their use. The symbols are to have subscripts if more than one of
the same kind are used; that is, for three feeds, use "F1", "F2", and
"F3", but if only one feed is used the symbol "F" is all that is
required. Symbols to be placed shall have a neat, accurate drawing.
Nozzle symbols are:
A. Inlet
B. Outlet
C. Condensate
D. Drain or Draw-off
E.
F. Feed
G. Level Gage or Gage Glass
H. Hand hole
J. Pump Out
K.
L. Level Instrument
M. Manhole
N. Reboiler Connection
P. Pressure Connection
R. Reflux
S. Steam or Sample Connection
T. Thermo Connection
V. Vapor or Vent
W. Relief Valve Connection
Symbols "E" and "K" may be used when none of the others apply. Do
NOT use the letters "I", "O", "Q", "U", "X", "Y", or "Z".
5.29.2 All nozzles and couplings are to be tabulated in the "Connection

Schedule" on the vessel drawings. See example below.
CONNECTIONS
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MK. NO.REQ'D SIZE RATING FACING DESCRIPTION

A 1 2" 300# WN.R.F. Caustic Inlet
B1 1 4" 300# WN.R.F. H. C. Outlet
B2 1 3" 300# WN.R.F. Caustic Outlet
G1 & G2 2 1" 300# WN.R.F. L. G.
L1 & L2 2 2" 300# WN.R.F. Level instrument
M 1 18" 300# WN.R.F. Manhole W/hinged cover
6 FABRICATION
6.1 General fabrication requirements
No fabrication may commence until the Owner has reviewed and approved
the Contractor’s quality plan, fabrication drawings and welding procedures.
Contractor shall ensure that welding and inspection requirements as
required by the Code and applicable specifications are incorporated into
specific welding and inspection documents or maps. Pre-inspection meeting
may be required depending on the criticality rating.
6.2 Layout of Plates
6.2.1 Shell plates shall be preferably laid out so that there will be a
minimum of welded seams.
6.2.2 Openings shall be preferably kept out of seams insofar as is

practical and economical.
6.2.3 Circumferential welds for columns shall be so located as to permit

visual inspection with trays in place.
6.2.4 Circumferential welds shall be so located that visual inspection can

be made with all internal equipment in place.
6.2.5 Welded joints in horizontal vessels shall be so located as not to

interfere with saddle supports.
6.2.6 All openings shall be cut in shell before installation of decks. Deck
supports may be installed prior to cutting shell openings.
6.3 Special requirements for stainless steel materials

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For vessels or vessel parts fabricated from austenitic stainless steel and high
nickel alloy, the following provisions shall be made:
6.3.1 Contamination by carbon steel or other foreign materials shall be

avoided, and contamination, if any, must be removed prior to
welding, heat treatment or any other heating operations. This
includes such materials as dirt, grease, machining or forming
lubricant, paint, marking crayons, inks, etc.
6.3.2 Carbon steel clamps, supports, etc. shall not be welded directly to
stainless steel or high nickel alloy. Sanding disks, grinding and
flapper wheels, and blasting media shall be new or previously used
only on stainless steel. Wire brushes shall be stainless steel.
6.3.3 Marking materials, paint or ink used for austenitic stainless steel and
high nickel alloy shall be low in chloride and shall not contain any
harmful sulfur, low melting point metals or metal salts that cause
corrosive attack or cracking upon heating.
6.3.4 Special attention shall be paid to avoid zinc embitterment. Zinc

containing materials (e.g. Galvanized clamps, fixtures and slings)
shall not be in contact with stainless steel or high nickel alloy
materials.
6.4 Cutting and forming
6.4.1 Plate materials that lie within the scope of Paragraph 4.1.7 above
shall require the following additional inspection: Edges to be welded
shall be shaped to the final welding geometry and 100 percent
magnetic particle inspected for defects that might result in
unsatisfactory welds or doubtful radiographs of the finished weld.
Nonmagnetic material shall be tested by the liquid penetrate method
per ASME E-165, latest edition.
6.4.2 Head forming procedures including any post forming heat treatment
procedures covering heating, holding and cooling cycles, shall be
subject to Contractor’s review and approval. All welds subject to
forming shall have full RT or UT before forming, and surface crack
detection after forming.
6.4.3 Weld preparations may be cut, gouged or profiled using any

mechanical or thermal method, except that for stainless steels
thermal cutting shall be limited to the plasma-arc method. If a
thermal cutting process is used, the surfaces of the cut edge and
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adjacent base metal shall be machined, ground or abrasively

cleaned to remove all contaminants, slag, and discoloration so as to
produce clean, bright surfaces prior to welding. This also applies to
back gouging or repair welds.
6.4.4 All holes for bolting, including the base plate anchor bolt holes, shall
be drilled to the specified diameters. No thermal cutting is permitted
for the bolt holes.
6.5 Welding
6.5.1 General
(A) All welding shall conform to the ASME code requirements.
(B) All welding shall be done by a metal arc type process.

(C) Certified welding procedures, complete with qualification test
records and welders qualifications, in accordance with the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shall be
submitted to Owner for review.
(D) Vessels shall be designed on the basis that pressure-holding
seams shall normally be full-penetration, double-welded butt
joints or single-welded butt joints. Single-welded butt joints with
backing strips are to be avoided and may be used only with
written permission from Owner.
(E) Single-welded butt joints made by the submerged arc process
shall have a min. of two passes. Double-beveled welds made
by the same welding process shall have a min. of two passes
on each face.
(F) Nozzles and couplings shall be welded to shell and heads with
full penetration welds.
(G) Carbon steel tray support rings shall have sufficient weld metal
to provide for the specified corrosion. In general, tray support
rings shall be welded to the vessel shell with continuous welds
both top and bottom. The top weld shall be designed as a
strength weld, and the weld on the underside shall be a seal
weld.
(H) Seams in supporting skirts shall be made with full penetration
butt welds. Generally speaking, connections between skirts and
vessel head shall be made with a smooth flat-faced weld. The
width of the weld shall be at least equal to the skirt thickness
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and its height shall be twice its width.

(I) Weld metal shall not be used to build up the edges of plates
that are too short or contain large cavities without approval.
(J) Temporary attachment welds on pressure shell shall be
removed and the attached areas shall be examined by
magnetic particle or liquid penetrate examination.
(K) Arc strikes on the pressure shell shall be avoided.
(L) Alloy steel tray support rings shall be welded with alloy welding
rod
6.5.2 Weld location
(A) The seam welds shall be so arranged that welded attachments

such as nozzles, manways, tray supports, stiffening rings,
insulation supports, etc, shall not overlap or interfere with the
welds. Location of all weld seams shall be indicated on the
fabricator's vessel drawings. The minimum distance between
the outside of nozzle neck or reinforcing plate and a seam weld
shall be:
Plate layout shall be arranged to follow Para. 5.9.5 & 5.9.6
(B) Couplings set-on to the outside surface of a vessel shall be
installed concentric with the holes in the vessel wall, within 1.5
mm. The holes shall be made in the vessel wall, by drilling or by
flame cutting and reaming. If flame cutting and reaming is used
instead of drilling, the resulting holes shall be as smooth as a
drilled hole and free from all slag and torch undercutting.
(C) The maximum allowable gap between nozzle and manhole
reinforcing pads and the curvature of the vessel shell or heads
shall be 3 mm.
6.5.3 Field welding
A vessel which cannot be completely fabricated in shop shall be

indicated to minimize the amount of field welding. Manufacturer's
drawings shall indicate field welds. Adjacent sections, which are to
be welded in the field, shall be assembled temporarily at the shop
manufacturer's work for the purpose of checking alignment and for
match marking.
6.5.4 Welding conditions
(A) No welding shall be carried out when the parts to be welded are
wet. For site constructed vessels and the vessel to be welded
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outside, no welding shall be performed during periods of high

wind exceeding 5 m/sec regardless of welding process unless
the welding work is properly protected from wind.
(B) Whenever material is wet or contains surface moisture or
condensate, it shall be dried by a combination of wiping and
heating. Heating shall not be used in case of austenitic
stainless steel.
6.5.5 Welding processes
(A) Welding process shall be one of the following; GTAW (Gas

Tungsten Arc Welding), SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding),
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding), FCAW (Flux Cored Arc
Welding), or SAW (Submerged Arc Welding). However, GMAW
and FCAW shall not be used for cryogenic pressure vessel.
(B) ESW (Electro-Slag-Welding) is permitted only for weld overlay

alloy lining.
(C) SAW shall be of multi-pass, and fully mechanized SAW
systems. It shall not be used for repair welds.
(D) The dip-transfer or short-arc mode GMAW is permitted only for
root welds in combination processes. GMAW in the spray
transfer mode shall not be used for the root pass.
(E) FCAW without gas shielding is not permitted. Gas-shielded
FCAW shall be used by Contractor with proven experience of
this process at the discretion of Contractor and shall be
permitted only for the following conditions:
The material is carbon steel or austenitic stainless steel.
Design temperature is in the range of 0 ℃ to 350 ℃
Weld thickness is less than 25 mm.
The vessel will not be post weld heat-treated.
(F) For alloy materials containing more than 5% Cr, backing gas is
required for root pass welding of single side welded groove
welds by GTAW, GMAW and FCAW welding process.
(G) For automatic or semi-automatic weld processes, filler wire
shall be same composition as the parent plate. Alloy addition
via flux (except to make up losses) is not allowed.
6.5.6 Welding consumables
(A) All welding consumables shall be AWS approved type, and

shall be capable to produce weld metals that have tensile,
impact and chemical analyses values compatible with the base
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material. In case of wet H2S service, material selection and

hardness control shall be based on NACE MR0175.
(B) Consumables shall be stored and handled in accordance with

the consumable manufacturer's recommendations to ensure
that they are in the correct condition when used. Storage and
handling procedures, which may form part of the WPS, shall be
subject to review by Contractor.
(C) Consumables for stainless steels shall produce deposits with
5% to 10% ferrite for austenitic types. Instrument for measuring
ferrite content requires Owner approval.
6.5.7 Welding procedure specifications (WPS)
(A) All welding shall be performed in accordance with duly qualified

WPS covering all welding variables required by the Code, and
this specification. WPS previously qualified may be used as
long as it satisfies the project requirements.
(B) WPS shall be accompanied with weld maps or listing relating to
the relevant weld details shown in the fabrication drawings.
(C) No production welding shall be carried out until the relevant
WPS have been qualified and Contractor has approved WPS
and relevant procedure qualification record (PQR).
(D) WPS shall be qualified before performance qualification of
welders.
(E) WPS shall state maker and brand names of consumables used,
the methods of checking and controlling preheat and inter-pass
temperatures.
6.5.8 Welding procedure qualification records (PQR)
(A) The requirements of ASME IX shall be complied with. In

addition, under the following conditions the welding procedure
shall be re-qualified for cryogenic service, or corrosion service
and Owner’s special requirements.
(1) Joint
(2) A change from double side to single side welding without
backing.
(3) Decrease of the weld groove by more than 10 degrees.
(4) Consumables
(5) Any change of consumable classification
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(6) Any change in consumable brand name when corrosion

testing or impact testing is required, or when consumables
of AWS designation ERXXS-G or EXXT-G are used
(7) Any change of size in consumable in the root run of single
side welds
(8) Any change of the manufacturer, type or brand of welding
flux for SAW.
(9) Welding position
(10) Change in welding direction (vertical up to vertical down
welding or vice versa)
(B) All pressure containing welds, including fillet and half-V types,
shall require butt weld qualifications with full mechanical testing.
(C) For cryogenic service, or corrosion service and Owner special
requirements, Test welds for carbon and carbon manganese
steels shall be subject to a 10 kg Vickers hardness survey of
the weld, HAZ and base material on one sectioned face of the
test weld. The survey shall be performed along lines parallel to
the plate surface, with indentations spaced as close as
practicable in the HAZ and fusion region. The maximum
hardness shall not exceed 250 HV10.
6.5.9 Details of welded joints
(A) Specific joint designs shall be indicated on Contractor drawings

or on the WPS. As a minimum, WPS shall indicate typical joint
designs and typical weld deposition sequences applicable.
(B) Pressure containing welds and skirt seams shall be full
penetration, double sided welds. Before second side welding,
the root shall be gouged back to the sound metal. Single sided
weld with GTAW or GMAW (short-arc) root run is acceptable
only if the vessel size or geometry does not allow double sided
weld subject to Contractor approval.
(C) Over-penetrated or over thickness single sided weld
subsequently machined or ground to the sound metal on the
reverse side is acceptable subject to Contractor approval.
(D) Permanent backing strips are not permitted. Temporary backing
strips may be used, provided that the backing strip material
does not influence the chemical composition of the weld metal.
The strip shall be removed without damage to the surrounding
material, and the areas involved shall be ground flush and
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cleaned after removal.

(E) Segments of split reinforcing pads shall be jointed with full
penetration butt welds.
(F) All other internal and external attachments directly welded to
the vessel shall be continuously welded all around.
(G) For the vessels with design temperatures of 427 °C and higher
or for vessels subject to cyclic loading, the design details for
nozzles, supports, and other attachments to the vessel shall be
free of high local stress concentrations. All fillet welds shall be
ground to smooth radius.
6.5.10 Fit-up and temporary attachment welds
(A) Only qualified welders shall perform all fit-up welds, tack welds
in the weld groove or welds attaching temporary jigs to the
vessel, in accordance with the qualified weld procedures.
(B) Tack-welds in the weld groove shall be removed by grinding,
before being fused into the finished weld. Other temporary
welds shall be removed by cutting or grinding and shall be
ground smooth with the base metal. The weld dressed areas
shall be wet MT or PT examined for surface cracks.
6.5.11 Preheat and inter-pass temperatures
(A) The preheat temperature shall be applied throughout the entire

thickness of the weld and both sides of weld preparation for a
sufficient width so that the areas to be welded shall be
preheated as uniformly as possible.
(B) When the base metal temperature is below 5ºC, preheat shall
be applied to approximately 50ºC or the preheat temperature
required in the WPS, whichever is higher.
(C) Where the inter-pass temperature falls below the specified
preheat level, preheat shall be restored before welding
continues.
(D) The preheat temperature and the maximum inter-pass
temperature required according to the welding procedure shall
be checked by use of temperature indicating crayons,
thermocouples, pyrometers, or other suitable methods.
6.5.12 Welding of clad plates
(A) Welds in base material of clad vessels shall have similar

composition as the parent base material. Use of high alloy
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electrodes is not permitted.

(B) Cladding shall be completed with deposited weld metal.
(C) The total thickness of alloy deposit shall be made sufficient to
overcome dilution and to provide a uniform composition for the
specified depth.
(D) Nozzles and manways in alloy lined portions of vessels shall be
alloy lined and faced. The facing shall be made with weld
deposit which is at least as thick as the lining when properly
machined.
(E) The method of lining large nozzles and manways shall
preferably be the same as that used on the shell. Alternately,
strip lining may be applied using the three-bead method of
welding. The overlap method may be used for Monel. Plug
welding is not acceptable. Strips shall be 65 mm maximum
width.
(F) For small nozzles, tubular liners may be used. They shall be of
proper diameter to allow for radial expansion and shall be
welded to the alloy facing at the flange end and to the inside
flush with the vessel lining.
(G) Tubular liners in nozzles where the design temperature
exceeds 400℃ or in nozzles which exceed 380 mm in length
shall be attached to the vessel lining by means of an expansion
collar.
(H) On alloy clad plates, if flame cutting is used for preparing plate
edges, any flame gouged areas at the junction of the alloy and
the base metal shall be repaired by stripping the cladding back
from the gouged area and building up the base metal with base
metal weld deposits and then the clad surface with alloy weld
metal.
6.6 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
6.6.1 Post weld heat treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of the ASME Code.
6.6.2 PWHT shall be applied on the complete vessel in a single heat

treatment furnace as far as possible. Internal firing method and local
heat treatment shall require Contractor’s specific approval.
6.6.3 For quenched and tempered, normalized and tempered steels, the
PWHT temperature shall be at least 20ºC below the tempering
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temperature to avoid unacceptable decrease of mechanical

properties.
6.6.4 No welding shall be performed after PWHT.
6.6.5 Flange faces shall be protected against oxidation during heat

treatment.
6.6.6 Contractor's PWHT procedures shall cover, as a minimum, the

following:
(A) Temperature range(s) and holding time(s)

(B) Methods and rates of heating and cooling
(C) Location and number of thermocouples for control and
recording
(D) Extent of heating and insulation, if local or partial PWHT
(E) Any precautions taken to avoid damage or distortion
6.6.7 The PWHT holding time and temperature, heating and cooling rates
shall be verified with time-temperature recording chart.
6.6.8 If post weld heat treatment for vessel is required, all welding
including attachment of the supporting skirt, all lifting lugs, external
angles, ladders and platform clips, piping supports, etc., shall be
completed prior to final post weld heat treatment except otherwise
specified.
6.6.9 Whenever practicable post weld heat treatment shall be carried out
by heating the vessel as a whole in an enclosed furnace. Local
heating of portions of the vessel by electric induction, electric
resistance, or small furnaces will be permitted, the procedure for
local heating stated above shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of the code. Local post weld heat treatment shall not
be performed without prior written approval. Machined surfaces shall
be suitably protected during heat treatment.
6.6.10 The procedure of post weld heat treatment for the completed vessel
or portion of the vessel requiring post weld heat treatment shall be
based on the maximum plate thickness, including reinforcement pad
occurring at any location, holding time as well as heating and cooling
rates being determined from the specified code.
6.6.11 Sufficient thermocouples shall be attached to the vessel and to a

recording instrument to ascertain that the variation in temperature
throughout the vessel or portion of the vessel being heated does not
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exceed the limits given in the specified code. The recording

instrument shall record continuously all temperatures throughout the
entire post weld heat treatment operating thus indicating heating rate,
holding time and cooling rates as well as temperature differentials in
the vessel.
6.6.12 The vessel or parts of the vessel to be heat treated, shall be

supported in such a manner that no deformations can occur.
6.6.13 Vessels shall be post weld heat treated in accordance with the
applicable code and the following additional requirements:
(A) Local post weld heat treatment shall not be performed without
prior written approval.
(B) P1 materials with lining or cladding of stabilized austenitic
materials such as AISI types 304 L or 316 L when required to
be post weld heat treated shall be heat treated at 510℃(950℉)
plus or minus 28℃(50℉) for a period of ten hours per inch of
thickness but for no less than 10 hours.
(C) The maximum stress relief or post weld heat treatment
temperature shall not exceed the lower of the following values:
(1) Maximum temperature listed in the applicable code.
(2) The tempering temperature at which mill test report pieces
and the components were tempered if tempering was
performed.
(3) The following temperatures for the listed materials:
(a) Carbon and 2-1/2 to 3-1/2% Ni Steel: 649℃(1200℉)
(b) 1/2% Cr-1/2% Mo Steel: 690℃ (1275℉) except that
for design metal temperatures of 482℃(900℉) and
over.
6.6.14 Carbon or low alloy plate material which is cold formed shall be
stress relieved per ASME UCS-79
6.7 Tolerance
Manufacturing tolerances shall be as shown in Figure 6.4.
6.8 Cleaning and painting
6.8.1 The painting shall follow Owner engineering specification

DS-109-0001-0 “Engineering Specification for Painting” and
CS-109-0002-1 “油漆施工規範”.
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6.8.2 Each vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned inside and outside, and
shall be free from grease, weld spatter, scale, slag, rust and any
other foreign matter.
6.8.3 Only stainless steel brushes, clean, iron-free sand or stainless grit
shall be used for cleaning austenitic nickel and high nickel alloy
surfaces. All welding flux shall be completely removed.
6.8.4 The first coat of paint shall be applied as soon as possible after, but
in any case on the same day, as the surface preparation has been
completed.
6.8.5 Each coat of paint has to be deposited well to the surface, including
corners, edges, welds, etc.
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Figure 6.4 vessel tolerances

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The following notes are referenced to the numbered circles of Fig. 6.4
1) The Master Reference Line shall be established by the vessel Manufacturer and
clearly marked inside and outside of the shell prior to attaching the adjacent head. It
shall be parallel to the root land of the shell course and perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the vessel.
2) Shell & Skirt Outside Circumference Tolerance:

SHELL OR SKIRT THICKNESS
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
UP TO 64 mm 64 mm to 100 mm OVER 100mm
LESS THAN 1200 mm ± 9 mm ± 12 mm
OVER 1200 mm
± 12 mm ± 19 mm ± 25 mm
TO 2400 mm
OVER 2400 mm
± 19 mm ± 25 mm ± 35 mm
TO 4500 mm
OVER 4500 mm ± 25 mm ± 35 mm
Note: Matching shell and head shall be subject to code offset tolerance.
3) Shell & Skirt Tolerance: 4) The center of anchor bolt hole

Max. slope from straight or pipe guide shall not deviate
line is 1/8" in 10'-0" from the specified location on
with total max. deviation the bolt circle by more than
as follows: the following:
TAN. TO TAN. TOTAL MAX. MAX.
VESSEL I.D.
LENGTH DEVIATION DEVIATION
UP TO 15 METERS 12 mm 1200 mm & LESS 3 mm
OVER 1200 mm
15 TO 30 METERS 19 mm 4.5 mm
TO 2400mm
30 METERS AND OVER 25 mm OVER 2400 mm 6 mm
5) Out of level slope ＝ 2.5 mm per meter with 6 mm max.

(6) (7) (8) (9)
NOZZLES ± 6 mm ±1.5 mm ±4.5 mm ±12 mm
COUPLINGS ±6 mm -------- -------- -------
MANHOLES
±12 mm ±6 mm ±12 mm ±25 mm
HANDHOES
CLIPS ±6 mm
6) Tolerances for formed heads shall be based on the ASME Code UG-81
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 51 of 78
7 INSPECTION AND TESTING
7.1 General
7.1.1 Each of equipment will be subject to inspection process of

fabrication and upon completion.
7.1.2 All tests and inspection will be made at the place or places of
fabrication, unless otherwise indicated.
7.1.3 The Contractor shall prepare detailed specification and procedures

for onsite inspections and testing of field fabricated vessels.
7.1.4 All dimensions must have been verified by manufacturer. The

checked dimensions shall be indicated on the vessel drawings,
which must be handed to the inspector.
7.1.5 Prior to the final inspection of vessels, all slag, loose scale, dirt, grit,
weld spatter, paint, oil and other foreign matter are to be thoroughly
removed in order that the inspection can be conducted to the best
advantage.
7.1.6 For inspection, manway and hand hole cover hinge bolts shall be in
place before the vessel is tested. The hinge bolts shall fit so they can
be turned freely by hand. Covers shall be swung open to ensure that
no binding occurs.
7.1.7 The vessels will also be tested at the job site after assembly. They
shall be furnished with the definite gaskets for this purpose.
7.1.8 Pressure vessels shall be subject to inspection by Owner shall have

free access to all parts of Contractor’s works relevant to the
purchase order or contract for periodic, as well as final inspection.
7.1.9 Contractor shall produce a quality plan covering all examination and
testing related to the vessels in requisition, as based upon the
criticality rating of the unit. Contractor shall also establish test and
inspection procedures as referenced to in the quality plan.
Contractor’s quality plan and all test and inspection procedures shall
be subject to Contractor review and approval. Contractor shall
establish "hold points" for inspection with Owner before fabrication
commences.
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CPC STANDARD
FOR
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PAGE 52 of 78
7.2 Material inspection
7.2.1 Full material certificates in accordance with the ASME or ASTM

standards shall support all materials (plates, forging, welding
consumables and etc.) For pressure retaining components or
materials welded to pressure parts.
7.2.2 Materials shall be identified as to Manufacturers and heat numbers.

Each plate or forging shall be legibly stamped or stenciled with the
grade and the plate or forging number. When metal stamping is
required, it shall preferably be on the long edge of each component
as it leaves the mill. Metal stamping on rolled surfaces shall be done
with a "low stress" stamp.
7.2.3 All welding consumables shall be supplied with a Manufacturer’s

batch certificate including chemical composition and mechanical
properties.
7.2.4 Contractor shall maintain adequate system of material identification

marking transfer. All materials shall be identifiable in the finished
fabrication by marking transferred prior to cutting of components.
These identification markings shall be traceable to the mill test
certificates of the raw materials.
7.3 Nondestructive examinations (NDE)
All personnel performing code evaluations shall meet ASME section V,

ANST snt-tc-1a, level ii or equivalent qualifications.
In case that the welding spacing contravenes the requirements in sec.5.12,
Contractor shall establish the additional NDE plan and submit the alternate
plan for Owner approval.
7.3.1 Radiographic (RT) and ultrasonic examination (UT)
(A) When full radiographic inspection is required by drawings or by

the specified code, all butt welds will be radiographic for their
complete extent.
(B) In alloy lined vessels, radiography shall precede the application
of the strips used to cover the weld seams or integrally clad
vessels, radiography shall be done after the application of the
alloy weld deposit.
(C) A sketch showing the location of the radiographs and the
repairs has to be made for the manufacturing report.
ENGINEERING
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FOR
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PAGE 53 of 78
(D) Spot RT shall be applied as a minimum requirement. Spot RT

shall include all welds covered by attachments (for a minimum
distance of 150 mm beyond the edge of attachment), if any,
before attaching them and at least one weld intersection. A
sketch showing the location of the radiographs and the repairs
has to be made for the manufacturing report.
(E) For shell wall thickness up to 50 mm, RT shall be by x-ray
orγray which technique is better, except where agreed as
impracticable with Contractor. In any event, image sensitivity
shall be 2% or better based on a source side wire, type image
quality indicator. For shell wall thickness greater than 50 mm,
UT shall be carried out in addition to RT. This UT shall also be
carried out again after PWHT, if conducted.
(F) Plates welded together before forming shall be subject to 100%
RT on the welded seams after forming and any subsequent
heat treatment.
(G) When full RT is specified for the vessel, 100% RT or UT shall
be performed also for the nozzle attachment welds to the
vessel. UT requires Owner approval.
(H) UT shall be performed for the regions of high surface loading
such as lifting lugs after welding to check for lamellar tearing
and weld defects. If the geometry of the weld is such that UT is
impractical then MT or PT are acceptable as a minimum
alternate, subject to Owner approval.
7.3.2 Wet magnetic particle (MT) and dye penetrant examination (PT)
(A) For ferrite steels, MT using AC magnetic yoke method shall be

used. For austenitic stainless steels, PT with chloride free
materials shall be used.
(B) When full RT is specified for the vessel, 100% MT or PT shall
be performed for the nozzle attachment welds and skirt
attachment weld to the vessel.
(C) When spot RT is specified for the vessel, at least 10% MT or
PT shall be performed for the nozzle attachment welds and skirt
attachment weld to the vessel.
(D) Plates welded together before forming shall be subject to 100%
MT or PT after forming and any subsequent heat treatment.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 54 of 78
(E) For materials having a specified minimum tensile strength of

490 Mpa or greater, back gouged bevels, temporary weld
removed surfaces and all attachment welds to the pressure
retaining parts shall be 100% MT or PT examined.
(F) When vessel drawings or supplementary specifications call for
magnetic particle (or liquid penetrant) inspection of welds, this
procedure shall be applied to the back-chipped surface of root
pass welds before proceeding to weld on the opposite side.
(G) When magnetic particle (or liquid penetrant) inspection is
specified, machining or grinding of the weld surface will not be
required other than to remove excessive irregularities which
would interfere with proper interpretation of results.
7.4 Production impact testing
Production impact testing shall be in accordance with the code requirements.

Sufficient material shall be available for appropriate re-testing in the event of test
failure. Selecting the number of test welds required to represent groups of similar
items, fabricated from similar WPS, and shall be subject to agreement with
Owner.
7.5 Production macro hardness testing
Production macro hardness testing is required for vessels with shell wall
thickness greater than 50 mm.
7.6 Hardness test for metal solid gaskets
The metal solid gaskets for flange joints shall be subject to the hardness testing,
against one specimen from each lot of the same heat. The acceptance criteria
are 90 HB for soft iron, 120 HB for carbon steel, and 160 HB for austenitic
stainless steel.
7.7 Positive material identification (PMI)
All pressure vessels fabricated from stainless steels shall be PMI tested at
least to an extent of 10% for plates, heads, nozzles, flanges and weld-joints
(weld deposited metals) per welder and per welding process in the final
condition. Refer Owner engineering specification IS-115-0006-0
“specification for positive material identification procedures”.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 55 of 78
7.8 Leak test of opening reinforcement
Reinforcing pads for opening shall be soapy bubble leak tested using
compressed air at a minimum 1.4 kg/cm2g. The test shall be carried out
before PWHT. No leak or no abnormality shall be accepted. The telltale
holes in the reinforcing pads shall be grease filled after testing.
7.9 Clad material
Clad material components shall comply with minimum requirements set forth
in the Contractors standard specifications.
7.10 Pressure Test
7.10.1 Hydrostatic pressure test shall be carried out by the manufacturer in

accordance with the shop drawings.
7.10.2 No painting of the vessel is allowed before the hydrostatic test.
7.10.3 In order to reduce the risk of brittle fracture during the hydrostatic
pressure test, the temperature of the vessel material and the test
liquid shall not be less than 21℃.
7.10.4 Gaskets of manhole, hand hole and blind flanges used for the
pressure test shall be of the same type and quality as the service
gaskets. Gaskets used for shop hydrostatic test are not acceptable
for service usage.
7.10.5 Prior to final inspection and hydrostatic test, the inside and outside
of the vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned and shall be free from all
slag, scale, dirt, grit, weld spatter, and pieces of metal, paint, oil, etc,
that may disturb the inspection in a thorough manner.
7.10.6 No repair, welding or heat treatment shall be carried out after the
hydrostatic test without permission.
7.10.7 Manhole and hand-hole cover hinges and hinge bolts shall be in
place before the vessel is tested.
7.10.8 The water used for hydrostatic testing shall be clean fresh water not
containing harmful matters; any vessel fabricated, lined, welded or
clad with austenitic stainless steel shall be tested with potable
quality water containing not more than 30 ppm of chlorides to avoid
stress corrosion cracking. Sea water do not be allowed to use for
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 56 of 78
hydrostatic testing.
7.10.9 Vessels should be thoroughly dried after draining to prevent

evaporation and concentration of chlorides during storage and
shipping.
7.10.10 Test holes in strips and sleeves shall be seal welded after the
vessel has been hydrostatically tested and then heated sufficiently
to drive all trapped moisture.
7.10.11 Two pressure gauges per vessel shall be used for pressure test.
One test gauge shall be set at the highest position of the vessel and
the other at the lowest position
7.10.12 All vessel shell sections shall receive at least the code minimum
test pressure for the section and held for a minimum of 30 minutes.
Time-pressure recording chart shall be provided.
7.10.13 Vessels shall be drained immediately after testing and any

remaining water shall be swabbed dry. If required subsequent
drying by blowing air, it shall be carried out. Vessel inside shall then
be thoroughly cleaned, and all water, dirt, sand, weld metal spatter,
welding electrode stubs, rust and any other foreign matters shall be
removed.
7.10.14 Alloy liners applied to the base plate by welding shall be tested at a
minimum pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2G（20 psig）.
7.10.15 Welded attachments provided with vent holes shall be tested by

pneumatic or hydrostatic pressure prior to post weld heat treatment
and final hydrostatic test.
8 PAINTING AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
8.1 Surface preparation and painting
8.1.1 Prior to painting the vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned. Critical

highly finished surfaces shall be further cleaned with a suitable
solvent. Further preparation shall be made before painting as
specified in the Owner engineering specification DS-109-0001-0
“Engineering Specification for Painting” and CS-109-0002-1 “油漆施
工規範”.
8.1.2 Painting shall be applied in accordance with the Owner engineering

ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 57 of 78
specification DS-109-0001-0 “Engineering Specification for

Painting” and CS-109-0002-1 “油漆施工規範”. Except for machined
surfaces, all exterior surfaces shall be painted as a rule. Vessels
internal surfaces shall not be painted unless otherwise specified.
8.1.3 Masking tape applied to such items as nameplates, gauge glasses

etc., shall be left in place after painting.
8.2 Rust prevention
8.2.1 All unpainted machined metal surfaces shall be coated with a

suitable, easily removable rust preventive grease or strippable
protective coating..
8.2.2 For internal machined surfaces of an assembled unit, the rust

preventive should be of a type that does not require removal before
operation of the equipment.
8.2.3 Bolting for flanges of the vessel to be operated at 200℃ and over,
and the flange bolting made of stainless steel material shall be
provided with a suitable anti-seizing compound for assembly.
8.2.4 All vessel internal surfaces shall be protected from rust during
transportation and storage. Rust prevention shall be either by
desiccant (silica-gel), VCI (Vapor phase Corrosion Inhibitor) or
nitrogen purge, unless specifically requested. When desiccant or
VCI is used, those shall be packed in sufficient number of pouches
made of permeable material. Putting uncovered materials or
scattering it inside the vessel is not permitted.
8.2.5 All vessels shipped utilizing dehydration materials shall be labeled

or tagged with an easily observed red sign, reading for example;
"Caution - desiccant materials are enclosed within this equipment.
Do not operate before removing. Should the enclosure be broken
before operating, the desiccant must be replaced for continued
storage."
8.3 Protection for transportation
8.3.1 Flange openings shall be protected with bolted-on wooden outdoor

plywood (min. 12 mm thicknesses) or metal covers, using at least
four bolts. The covers shall be painted on both sides. Wiring-on
covers is not acceptable. Threaded opening shall be provided with a
bar stock plug of same material as the adjacent metal.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 58 of 78
8.3.2 Rubber gaskets or a mastic sealer shall be used between the flange
and the cover. After openings have been closed, the joint shall be
wrapped with waterproof adhesive tape.
8.3.3 For ocean shipment flanged openings shall be covered with

securely taped heavy plastic sheet. The inside of the vessel shall be
purged and filled with pure nitrogen gas, if so requested on the
requisition.
(A) The pressure shall be kept not less than 0.7 kg/cm（gage）
2 （10
psig）.
(B) A pressure gage shall be installed near the gas filled port for
each side, and properly protected from damage.
8.3.4 All butt weld connections shall be sealed with heavy plastic sheet
taped to the nozzle.
8.3.5 All vessels shall be suitably protected against salt water for ocean
transport. It is not allowed to carry stainless steel vessels as deck
cargo.
8.3.6 All loose items shall be adequately crated and protected during
shipment, and given clear markings relating to the parts and vessel
identification numbers.
8.3.7 All vessel appurtenances susceptible to damage shall be suitably

protected.
8.3.8 Contractor purchase order number and vessel number shall be

prominently marked with white paint in legible block letters in a
conspicuous location on the shell, head or support.
8.3.9 The vessel internals not installed in the vessel by the manufacturer
shall be crated, boxed and loaded in a manner such as to protect all
parts from damage or loss in transit and shall be shipped so that
they arrive at the erection site prior to or with the vessel.
8.3.10 Suitable temporary supports, marked and tagged for removal after
vessel installation, shall be provided for internal parts not separately
shipped to prevent damage during shipment.
8.4 Transport saddles
8.4.1 Pressure vessels not supplied with self-supporting saddles shall be

provided with suitable robustly designed transport saddles, formed
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 59 of 78
of at least heavy timbers securely bolted or strapped to the vessel.
8.4.2 The L.P. Zick calculation method or equivalent shall be used to

confirm stress levels due to the shipping and transportation loads
are within the allowable stress.
8.5 Vessel markings
8.5.1 Vessel installation markings (orientation markings and centerline

markings) and warning markings shall be provided at prominent
locations.
8.5.2 Marking paint used on austenitic equipment shall contain

non-metallic pigments.
9 Appendix
9.1 Appendix-1 load combinations and allowable stress
Design Operating Shop Field Lifting As Installed Shutdown

case Hydrostatic Hydrostatic
(1)&(2) test test
Thickness Corroded Un-corroded Corroded Un-corroded Un-corroded Corroded
Allowable Per Code 90% Y.S. 90% Y.S. 90% Y.S. 90% Y.S. 90% Y.S.
Stress (3) (5)*Ej (5) *Ej (5)*Ej (5)*Ej (5)*Ej
Weight X X X X X X
Earthquake X
Wind X X(6) X X
Pressure X X X
Loads Temperature Design Ambient Ambient Ambient Ambient Ambient
Local
Mechanical
(4)
Thermal
Piping
Joint Per Code Per Code Per Code Per Code Per Code Per Code
Efficiency
(Ej)
Vessel Fully Bare Vessel Fully (7) As Lifting (9)
Accessories “Dressed” “Dressed”
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TAIWAN
PAGE 60 of 78
Notes for Appendix-1:
(1) Other design cases may also require to be considered such as shipping
and load out and other loads as specified in this specification. Contractor
shall ensure that all possible load combinations are considered in the
detailed design.
(2) Where specified, short term conditions, that is the operating conditions,
plus the effects of any short-time overload or upset condition which
requires immediate remedial measures, or start-up and shutdown
operations which result in increased temperature, increased pressure,
increased weight effects, increased differential temperatures etc, shall be
considered. Not more than one form of temporary overload shall be
considered at one time unless several overloads may reasonably be
expected to occur simultaneously.
(3) For "general membrane" stresses. Y.S. = Yield Stress or 0.2% proof
stress at "ambient" temperature.
(4) Loads arising from the dead weight of piping (including contents) and
other appurtenances.
(5) In tension only. Compressive stress shall be per Code at ambient

temperature.
(6) Under field hydrostatic test condition, wind load may be reduced to
one-fourth (1/4) of the design wind load.
(7) The weight to be lifted for installation at the site, including the weight of
attachments and accessories assembled before installation.
(8) If the service is cyclic in nature fatigue shall be considered. The

evaluation procedures and the acceptance criteria shall be per ASME
VIII Div 2.
(9) Fully “Dressed” without operating liquid.

ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
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PAGE 61 of 78
9.2 Appendix-2:Nozzle loads on equipment nozzles
Nozzle load on equipment nozzles
VESSEL ALLOWABLE LOADINGS
For new equipment the maximum allowable forces and moments which may be
applied by external piping are as indicated below.
D = Normal nozzle size in inches.

β= Factor dependant upon nozzle flange rating.
Flange rating β factor
Class 150 0.6

Class 300 0.7
Class 600 0.8
Class 900 0.9
Class 1500 1.0
For Cylindrical Shell:
Axial Force P = β × 2000 × D(N)
Tangential Force FT = β × 1500 × D(N)
Longitudinal Force FL = β × 2000 × D(N)
Torsion Moment MT = β × 150 × D2 (N-m)
Circumferential Moment MC = β × 100 × D2 (N-m)
Longitudinal Moment ML = β × 130 × D2 (N-m)
For Spherical Shell:

Axial Force P = β × 2000 × D(N)
Shear Force V1 = β × 1500 × D(N)
Shear Force V2 = β × 2000 × D(N)
Torsion Moment MT = β × 150 × D2 (N-m)
Moment M1 = β × 100 × D2 (N-m)
Moment M2 = β × 130 × D2 (N-m)
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PAGE 62 of 78
(1) The tabulated loads and moments are acting simultaneously at the nozzle to
shell or head intersection and the minimum for pressure vessels must
accommodate, except as noted in (2) below.
(2) In exceptional cases (e.g. where application of the tabulated loads

increases drastically the vessel shell or head thickness) the loads may
be reduced by agreement with Contractor.
(3) Loads and moments shall be evaluated using WRC 107/297.

The pressure stresses shall be added to the stresses generated by the
nozzle loads before comparing with allowable stresses.
(4) Calculations for nozzle loads and moments shall be performed in the
corroded condition.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 63 of 78
P VC,(V1/V2) VL MT MC ML
NPS (N) (N) (N) (N-m) (N-m) (N-m)
2 2400 1800 2400 360 240 312
3 3600 2700 3600 810 540 702
4 4800 3600 4800 1440 960 1248
5 6000 4500 6000 2250 1500 1950
6 7200 5400 7200 3240 2160 2808
8 9600 7200 9600 5760 3840 4992
10 12000 9000 12000 9000 6000 7800
12 14400 10800 14400 12960 8640 11232
14 16800 12600 16800 17640 11760 15288
16 19200 14400 19200 23040 15360 19968
18 21600 16200 21600 29160 19440 25272
20 24000 18000 24000 36000 24000 31200
22 26400 19800 26400 43560 29040 37752
24 28800 21600 28800 51840 34560 44928
26 31200 23400 31200 60840 40560 52728
28 33600 25200 33600 70560 47040 61152
30 36000 27000 36000 81000 54000 70200
32 38400 28800 38400 92160 61440 79872
34 40800 30600 40800 104040 69360 90168
36 43200 32400 43200 116640 77760 101088
38 45600 34200 45600 129960 86640 112632
40 48000 36000 48000 144000 96000 124800
42 50400 37800 50400 158760 105840 137592
44 52800 39600 52800 174240 116160 151008
46 55200 41400 55200 190440 126960 165048
48 57600 43200 57600 207360 138240 179712
50 60000 45000 60000 225000 150000 195000
52 62400 46800 62400 243360 162240 210912
54 64800 48600 64800 262440 174960 227448
56 67200 50400 67200 282240 188160 244608
58 69600 52200 69600 302760 201840 262392
60 72000 54000 72000 324000 216000 280800
Nozzle load for 150#

ENGINEERING
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TAIWAN
PAGE 64 of 78
NPS (N) (N) (N) (N-m) (N-m) (N-m)
2 2800 2100 2800 420 280 364
3 4200 3150 4200 945 630 819
4 5600 4200 5600 1680 1120 1456
5 7000 5250 7000 2625 1750 2275
6 8400 6300 8400 3780 2520 3276
8 11200 8400 11200 6720 4480 5824
10 14000 10500 14000 10500 7000 9100
12 16800 12600 16800 15120 10080 13104
14 19600 14700 19600 20580 13720 17836
16 22400 16800 22400 26880 17920 23296
18 25200 18900 25200 34020 22680 29484
20 28000 21000 28000 42000 28000 36400
22 30800 23100 30800 50820 33880 44044
24 33600 25200 33600 60480 40320 52416
26 36400 27300 36400 70980 47320 61516
28 39200 29400 39200 82320 54880 71344
30 42000 31500 42000 94500 63000 81900
32 44800 33600 44800 107520 71680 93184
34 47600 35700 47600 121380 80920 105196
36 50400 37800 50400 136080 90720 117936
38 53200 39900 53200 151620 101080 131404
40 56000 42000 56000 168000 112000 145600
42 58800 44100 58800 185220 123480 160524
44 61600 46200 61600 203280 135520 176176
46 64400 48300 64400 222180 148120 192556
48 67200 50400 67200 241920 161280 209664
50 70000 52500 70000 262500 175000 227500
54 75600 56700 75600 306180 204120 265356
56 78400 58800 78400 329280 219520 285376
58 81200 60900 81200 353220 235480 306124
60 84000 63000 84000 378000 252000 327600

ENGINEERING
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NPS (N) (N) (N) (N-m) (N-m) (N-m)
2 3200 2400 3200 480 320 416
3 4800 3600 4800 1080 720 936
4 6400 4800 6400 1920 1280 1664
5 8000 6000 8000 3000 2000 2600
6 9600 7200 9600 4320 2880 3744
8 12800 9600 12800 7680 5120 6656
10 16000 12000 16000 12000 8000 10400
12 19200 14400 19200 17280 11520 14976
14 22400 16800 22400 23520 15680 20384
16 25600 19200 25600 30720 20480 26624
18 28800 21600 28800 38880 25920 33696
20 32000 24000 32000 48000 32000 41600
22 35200 26400 35200 58080 38720 50336
24 38400 28800 38400 69120 46080 59904
26 41600 31200 41600 81120 54080 70304
28 44800 33600 44800 94080 62720 81536
30 48000 36000 48000 108000 72000 93600
32 51200 38400 51200 122880 81920 106496
34 54400 40800 54400 138720 92480 120224
36 57600 43200 57600 155520 103680 134784
38 60800 45600 60800 173280 115520 150176
40 64000 48000 64000 192000 128000 166400
42 67200 50400 67200 211680 141120 183456
44 70400 52800 70400 232320 154880 201344
46 73600 55200 73600 253920 169280 220064
48 76800 57600 76800 276480 184320 239616
50 80000 60000 80000 300000 200000 260000
52 83200 62400 83200 324480 216320 281216
54 86400 64800 86400 349920 233280 303264
56 89600 67200 89600 376320 250880 326144
58 92800 69600 92800 403680 269120 349856
60 96000 72000 96000 432000 288000 374400
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NPS (N) (N) (N) (N-m) (N-m) (N-m)
2 3600 2700 3600 540 360 468
3 5400 4050 5400 1215 810 1053
4 7200 5400 7200 2160 1440 1872
5 9000 6750 9000 3375 2250 2925
6 10800 8100 10800 4860 3240 4212
8 14400 10800 14400 8640 5760 7488
10 18000 13500 18000 13500 9000 11700
12 21600 16200 21600 19440 12960 16848
14 25200 18900 25200 26460 17640 22932
16 28800 21600 28800 34560 23040 29952
18 32400 24300 32400 43740 29160 37908
20 36000 27000 36000 54000 36000 46800
22 39600 29700 39600 65340 43560 56628
24 43200 32400 43200 77760 51840 67392
26 46800 35100 46800 91260 60840 79092
28 50400 37800 50400 105840 70560 91728
30 54000 40500 54000 121500 81000 105300
32 57600 43200 57600 138240 92160 119808
34 61200 45900 61200 156060 104040 135252
36 64800 48600 64800 174960 116640 151632
38 68400 51300 68400 194940 129960 168948
40 72000 54000 72000 216000 144000 187200
42 75600 56700 75600 238140 158760 206388
44 79200 59400 79200 261360 174240 226512
46 82800 62100 82800 285660 190440 247572
48 86400 64800 86400 311040 207360 269568
50 90000 67500 90000 337500 225000 292500
52 93600 70200 93600 365040 243360 316368
54 97200 72900 97200 393660 262440 341172
56 100800 75600 100800 423360 282240 366912
58 104400 78300 104400 454140 302760 393588
60 108000 81000 108000 486000 324000 421200
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NPS (N) (N) (N) (N-m) (N-m) (N-m)
2 4000 3000 4000 600 400 520
3 6000 4500 6000 1350 900 1170
4 8000 6000 8000 2400 1600 2080
5 10000 7500 10000 3750 2500 3250
6 12000 9000 12000 5400 3600 4680
8 16000 12000 16000 9600 6400 8320
10 20000 15000 20000 15000 10000 13000
12 24000 18000 24000 21600 14400 18720
14 28000 21000 28000 29400 19600 25480
16 32000 24000 32000 38400 25600 33280
18 36000 27000 36000 48600 32400 42120
20 40000 30000 40000 60000 40000 52000
22 44000 33000 44000 72600 48400 62920
24 48000 36000 48000 86400 57600 74880
26 52000 39000 52000 101400 67600 87880
28 56000 42000 56000 117600 78400 101920
30 60000 45000 60000 135000 90000 117000
32 64000 48000 64000 153600 102400 133120
34 68000 51000 68000 173400 115600 150280
36 72000 54000 72000 194400 129600 168480
38 76000 57000 76000 216600 144400 187720
40 80000 60000 80000 240000 160000 208000
42 84000 63000 84000 264600 176400 229320
44 88000 66000 88000 290400 193600 251680
46 92000 69000 92000 317400 211600 275080
48 96000 72000 96000 345600 230400 299520
50 100000 75000 100000 375000 250000 325000
52 104000 78000 104000 405600 270400 351520
54 108000 81000 108000 437400 291600 379080
56 112000 84000 112000 470400 313600 407680
58 116000 87000 116000 504600 336400 437320
60 120000 90000 120000 540000 360000 468000
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 68 of 78
9.3 Appendix-3: Nozzle neck thickness

ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 69 of 78
(1) Dimensions of outside diameter and thickness of pipe necks shall be

in accordance with ASME B36.10M.
(2) Where plate material is used for nozzles and manholes, the neck
thickness need not be thicker than the shell or head thickness to which
they are attached.
(3) For nozzles and manholes with integrally bonded clad plates or weld
deposit overlay, the minimum neck thickness for C.A. = 0 mm shall be
applied for the base material.
(4) Dimensions of nozzle neck may be as per Contractor standards instead
of LWN. The minimum neck thickness shall be XXS.
(5) Pipe necks shall be seamless. Plate necks shall be single welded or
double-butt welded.
(6) Neck thickness has been designed to comply with ASME section. VIII.
Div.1 (see note 8) based on the following design stresses and joint
efficiencies:
Pipe neck – 844 kg/cm2 (12,000 psi) & 100%, plate necks – 970 kg/cm2
(13,800 psi) & 85%. The design is based on the flowing pressures as
given in ASME B16.5 at ambient temperature: 150lb – 20.4 kg/cm2 (290
psi), 300 lb – 52.7 kg/cm2 (750 psi), 600lb – 105.5 kg/cm2 (1500 psi).
(7) If allowable stress of used neck are less than the above design stresses.
The tabulate thickness should be multiplied by a ratio of the above
design stress to the allowable stress of used neck.
Example: Neck material: SA-312-TP304, allowable stress: 787 kg/cm2 at
343.3℃. Corrosion allowance: 0. Rating: 150#, pipe size: 6”.
844
Then win. Neck thickness = 0.28” (STD pipe)  =0.3”
787
Use pipe size: 6” sch.60
(8) For economic consideration, the design may accurately calculate min,
neck thickness by using the flowing method:
The thickness of a nozzle neck in accordance with ASME sec. VIII Div.1
shall not be less than the larger of (I). Or (II) the flowing:
(I) The thickness required for:
Internal or external pressure of nozzle neck, plus nozzle neck
corrosion allowance. (Plus other applicable loading in the ASME
code para. UG-22, if any).
(II) The smaller of the flowing:
(a) The minimum wall thickness (87.5% of nominal) of standard
wall pipe, plus nozzle neck corrosion allowance, or.
(b) The thickness required for pressure of shell, or head
(assuming E=1.0), plus corrosion allowance of shell or head.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 70 of 78
9.4 Appendix-4: Requirements for nozzle reinforcing pad
NOMINAL DIA. PIPE. O.D. REIFORCING PAD “D” REDUCED REINFORCING PAD “D”
(SEE NOTES 8)
3” See notes 7 89 190 190
4” 114 215 215
6” 168 300 270
8” 219 380 320
10” 273 460 380
12” 324 550 440
14” 356 640 500
16” 406 720 560
18” 457 800 630
20” 508 900 710
22” 560 1000 785
24” 610 1100 860
26” 660 1200 930
28” 711 1300 1000
30” 762 1400 1070

ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 71 of 78
1. Test hole shall be at the lowest point pads.

2. Pad dimensions shall be used without calculations for:
(a) Same thickness and same material as the shell.
(b) Thickness = 30 max.
Over 30mm thickness. Reinforcing pads shall be specially calculated.
3. Reinforcing pads shall be soapy bubble leak tested 1.4 kg/cm2G, using
compressed air at a minimum. Unless otherwise notes.
4. If pad is not thick enough for test hole increase pad thickness locally be weld
deposit.
5. Reinforcing pads shall be monoblock. (no weld).
6. For 3” DIA. Nozzles only, reinforcing pads are not required when shell
thickness is not over 10mm.
7. Reduced reinforcing pad shall be used in special case (shell under external
pressure for example) and only when shown on vessel drawings.
8. Unit: mm, unless otherwise notes.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 72 of 78
9.5 Appendix-5: Requirements for skirt support

ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 73 of 78
SKIRT VENT ACCESS HOLE OR INSPECTION HOLE
SKIRT O.D. < 1000 ≦ 2500 ≦ 5000 SKIRT O.D. < 750 ≧ 750 > 1700
10” SCH.40 500 I.D. 500 I.D.

NO. REQ’D 2 4 6 SIZE M
(NOTES 2) (NOTES 2)
NO. REQ’D 1 1 2
PIPE SLEEVE
PIPE SIZE 3/4”, 1” 1-1/2”, 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18”
CASE DIAM. 6” 8” 10” 12” 340 ID 400 ID 460 ID 540 ID 600 ID 670 ID 730 ID
I
SLEEVE TH’K SCH.40 (NOTES 2)
SIZE C
(NOTE 4) CASE DIAM. 6” 8” 8” 10” 12” 340 ID 390 ID 440 ID 470 ID 520 ID 570 ID
II
TH’K SCH.40 (NOTES 2)
CASE I: In case of pipe insulationted or with flange inside skirt.
CASE II: In case of pipe uninsulationted and with flange inside skirt.
Notes:
1. Unless otherwise specified, materials shall be as follows:

Plate: SA283C
Pipe: SA53B
2. In case of sleeve of plate work, the thickness shall not be less than smaller of the skirt
rhickness or 12mm.
3. Skirt diameter, length, thickness (t) and material, orientation of skirt vent, pipe sleeve
and access hole (or inspection hole), pipe sleeve size and length (L), and insulation
thickness on bottom head (if any) shall conform to vessel drawing.
4. Sleeve diameters in the table are for reference. Actual diameter shall be determined
taking piping shape, insulation thickness, and flange location into consideration and
rhen it shall be specified on vessel drawing.
5. This distance shall be equal to rhe thickness of insulation or fireproofing but no less
than 50 mm.
6. Unit: mm, unless otherwise noted.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 74 of 78
9.6 Appendix-6 additional requirements for heavy wall vessels and

components
9.6.1 General
This Appendix covers the additional requirements for thick wall

pressure vessels (defined as the vessels with shell plate or forging
thickness exceeding 50 mm), and thick components where the
thickness exceeds 50 mm.
9.6.2 Design
All nozzles attached to the shell or head thickness exceeding 50

mm shall be integrally reinforced type. Separate reinforcing pads at
nozzles are not permitted.
Vessels with shell plate or shell forging thickness exceeding 50 mm

shall not be supported by lugs. When this method of support is
required, continuous full circumference rings shall be incorporated
into the design.
Support skirts of vessels with shell plate or shell forging thickness
exceeding 50 mm shall be welded with a full penetration weld that
shall be ground to a smooth profile to blend into the shell or head.
Skirt attachment weld with full penetration weld from outside of skirt
by build-up welding shall be applied when the vessel wall thickness
is exceeding 100 mm, when the design temperature is 325 ℃ or
greater , or when the vessel is subject to cyclic loading.
9.6.3 Materials
All plate and forging materials with thickness exceeding 50 mm

shall be made from vacuum degassed steels and shall be supplied
in normalized, or normalized and tempered condition. Meanwhile
submit test piece report of simulated test for PWHT.
All plates and plate-like forgings (e.g. shell rings) with thickness
exceeding 50 mm shall be subject to straight beam ultrasonic
examination in accordance with SA-578, acceptance level B
All forgings, except plate-like forgings, with thickness exceeding 50
mm shall be subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with
SA-388.
All surfaces of forgings with thickness exceeding 50 mm shall be
subject to 100% wet magnetic particle surface inspection. The
inside of bore of nozzles less than 12 inches ID may be subject to
dye penetrant examination.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 75 of 78
9.6.4 Fabrication
Vessel shell plates exceeding 50 mm in thickness shall be oriented

such that the final plate rolling direction is in the circumferential
direction.
Weld procedure qualification tests for vessels with shell plate or
shell forging thickness exceeding 50 mm shall be conducted on test
plates of the same material specified for the vessel and using
welding electrodes, wire and flux of the same type and brand
proposed for the vessel.
For PWHT thermocouples shall be located on the outside and
inside of the thick wall vessel at the thickest section. Procedure
shall define thermocouple locations and define acceptable
temperature gradients during PWHT cycle.
9.6.5 Inspection and testing
(A) Nondestructive Examination

In addition to the requirements specified in paragraph 7.3 of this
specification, the following requirements shall apply to the thick
wall vessels with shell plate or forging thickness exceeding 50
mm:
(B) Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
(1) Weld preparations, all root passes in shell, heads and
nozzles, weld build-ups on shell and head, all back gouged
surfaces shall be 100% examined during fabrication.
Temporary shop attachments shall be cut off above the weld,
ground smooth to the vessel surface and 100% examined.
(2) All internals and external attachment welds shall be
inspected before PWHT.
(3) External shell, head and nozzle welds, permanent
attachment welds skirt-to-head welds shall be 100%
examined after hydrostatic testing.
(4) Where MT is not practical (e.g. non-magnetic materials,
that is, austenitic stainless steel) PT may be employed as a
substitute.
(C) Ultrasonic Examination (UT)
Where base metal is repaired by welding, the repaired portion
shall be UT examined for existence of any defects, before
PWHT.
Ultrasonic examination shall be carried out for all pressure
retaining weld joints after PWHT, if conducted.
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 76 of 78
9.6.6 Hardness Testing
Hardness testing shall be performed for carbon and carbon

manganese steels after final PWHT. The maximum hardness, as
measured with a macro hardness instrument such as a portable
hardness tester, shall be equivalent to 235 BHN. Test instrument
shall be approved prior to the examination. Tests shall include the
following points:
Each longitudinal weld and HAZ
Each circumferential weld and HAZ
2 minimum intersections points between longitudinal and
circumferential weld and HAZ
Location of weld repairs
Location of removed temporary attachments
Parent plate of head and shell course away from welds
Design Metal Temperature
VESSEL -195 to –101℃ -100 to –47℃ -46 to 0℃ 1 to 343℃ 344 to 593℃

COMPONENT 18Cr-8Ni 9% Ni 18Cr-8Ni 3.5% Ni CS (8)(10) CS Cr-Mo (9)
SA240-304 or SA353 (6) or SA240-304 SA203-D & E SA516 –60N, 70N or SA516 –60, 70 or SA387-11, 12,
10 Table
PLATES FOR 316 SA553-1 SA537 Class 1 SA537 Class 1, 21 or 22
PRESSURE
TAIWAN
CPC
(Impact tested) or SA285-C (1)

PARTS
SA312-TP304 SA333-8 (6)(7) SA312-TP304 SA333-3 SA333-6 SA106-B or SA335-P11,

PIPE, NOZZLE,
SA53-B (1) P12, P21 or
CORPORATION,
AND MANWAY or
NECKS SA240-TP316 P22
SA182- F304 or SA522 (6)(7) SA182- F304 SA350 LF3 SA350 LF3 SA105 SA182-F11,
FORGINGS
(STANDARD F316 F12, F21 or
SIZE) F22
SA965- F304 or SA522 (6)(7) SA965- F304 SA765-III SA765-III SA266-2, 4 or SA336-F11,
FORGINGS
(NONSTANDARD F316 SA765-II F12, F21 or
SIZE) F22
SA403-WP304 SA420-WPL8 SA420-WPL3 SA420 WPL3 SA420 WPL6 SA234 WPB SA234 -F11,
WROUGHT or 316 F12, or F22
FOR
FITTINGS
SA320-B8 SA320-B8 SA320-B8 SA320 L43 SA320 L7 SA193 B7/SA194 SA193 B5

STUDS/NUTS SA194-8M SA194-8M SA194-8 SA194-4 or 7 SA194-4 2H /SA194-3 or
FOR PRESSURE
PRESSURE VESSELS
SA193 B16
CONNECTIONS
/SA194-3
10.1 Table I. Material selection for vessel components.
ATTACHMENTS TYPE 304 SS, SA353 (6) TYPE 304 SS SA203-D or E SA516-60N, 70N or SA516 60,70, or SA387-11, 12,
WELDED TO or 316 SS SA537 Class 1 SA537 Class 1, or 22
PRESSURE (Impact tested) or SA285-C (1)
PARTS (3)
ATTACHMENTS TYPE 304 SS, SA353 (6) TYPE 304 SS SA203-D or E SA-516-60N, 70 N or SA283-C or SA387-11, 12,
NOT WELDED TO or 316 SS SA-537 Class 1 SA-36 or 22
PRESSURE
DATE
PAGE
PARTS (3)
TYPE 304 SS, SA353 (7) TYPE 304 SS (4) SA203-D or E SA516-60, 70, or SA516-60, 70, or SA387-11, 12,
SUPPORTS:
or 316 SS (4) SA537 Class 1 SA537 Class 1, or 22
SKIRTS, LEGS,
LUGS, AND BASE or SA-285-C, or
RINGS (2) (4) SA283-C or
SA-36
STANDARD
DS-103-0001-1
ENGINEERING
77 of 78
SA307-B (5) or SA307-B (5) or SA307-B (5) or SA307-B (5) or SA307-B (5) or SA307-B or SA307-B (5) or
ANCHOR BOLTS SA-36 (5) SA-36 (5) SA-36 (5) SA-36 (5) SA-36 (5) SA-36 (5) SA-36 (5)
OCT. 01, 2008
ENGINEERING
CPC STANDARD
FOR
TAIWAN
PAGE 78 of 78
Notes:
(1) SA-36, SA-53, SA-283 and SA-285 materials shall only be used for utility
services.
(2) The materials requirements of support for vessels in SPECIAL service are
specified in Para. 4.10
(3) All internal and external clips and attachments on vessels in hydrogen service
with design metal temperature of 260℃ and greater,
shall be of the same ASME material as the shell.
(4) The materials requirements of support for vessels in LOW or HIGH
TEMPERATURE service are specified in Para. 4.10. Unless, thermal
calculation requires an additional length.
(5) This assumes that there is no requirement for low temperature anchor bolting
at skirt base/support foundation.
(6) 9% Nickel steel materials are to be supplied in both normalized and tempered
conditions.
(7) Small nozzles, piping and flanges may be acceptable in 316SS, see vessel
data sheet
(8) The materials are also suitable for higher temperatures, above 0℃, see
design code and allowable stress.
(9) Cr-Mo alloy maybe either 1.25Cr-0.5Mo, 1.0Cr-0.5Mo, 2.25Cr-1.0Mo, or
3Cr-1Mo as appropriate for maximum design temp. See vessel data sheet.
(10) SA516-60N, 70N, N indicate the material shall be normalized.

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ENGINEERING

Rev 1 Oct. 01. 2008

2 CODES AND STANDARDS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

7 INSPECTION AND TESTING ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51

8 PAINTING AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT --------------------------------------------- 56

1.2 This specification, when accompanied by the applicable supplements,

1.3 The term pressure vessel is intended to encompass all process

1.4 When contract specifications and/or supplements approved by Owner to

2 CODES AND STANDARDS

2.1 CNS（Chinese National Standard）

2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes

2.2.1 ASME Code Sect. II －

"Part A Ferrous Material Specifications"

"Part B Non-Ferrous Material Specifications"

"Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler

"Part D Properties (Metric)"

2.2.4 ASME Code Sect. V - " Non-destructive Examination "

2.3 ASME Standards

2.3.1 ASME B 1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads

2.3.2 ASME/ANSI B 1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

2.3.4 ASME B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

2.3.5 ASME B 16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint,

2.3.6 ASME B 16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

2.3.7 ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges

2.3.9 ASME B 18.2.2 Square and Nut (Inch Series)

2.3.10 ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping

2.3.11 ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

2.3.12 ASME B36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe

2.3.13 ASME B46.1 Surface Texture

(Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)

Other standards referred to the codes and applicable specifications.

2.4 ASTM Standards (American Society for Testing and Materials)

2.5 AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

2.6 WRC (Welding Research Council)

2.7 AWS (American Welding Society)

AWS A4.2 standard procedures for calibrating magnetic instruments to

Applicable supplements to this specification

3.2.1 All codes, standards and specifications referred to herein are

3.2.3 The intention of this specification is not to supersede the specified

3.2.4 For the purpose of understanding this specification, the following

Owner – CPC corporation, Taiwan

Contractor – The Engineering, Procurement & Construction

Purchaser – A company responsible for which has authority to

Vendor – Any party on whom an order is placed for the supply of

Manufacturer – Any party on whom an order is placed for the

3.3 Code Requirements

3.3.1 Vessels shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in

3.3.2 The pressure vessels designed, fabricated, inspected and tested

All documents, calculation sheets, drawings, etc., to be submitted

3.4.2 Unit System

Unless otherwise specified, the metric units shall be used in

3.4.3 Drawings and Documents

Vendor shall submit documents to Purchaser in compliance with

(5) Size of base plate

3.4.4 Purchaser's Approval on the Manufacturer's Documents

(A) All drawings and documents such as those mentioned

(B) Any variations from and/or additions to this specification

3.5 Conflicts, deviation, omissions, and alternatives

3.5.2 The codes and standards shall be used as supplements. Codes,

4.1.1 Material production shall be by the electric furnace, basic oxygen,

4.1.2 Proposals to use material having a specified maximum tensile