1.

Games with Rules

Children play according to the rules they have made up themselves.
Children who watch older children play.
Children explore the possibilities of materials or objects.
Children play without regard for what other children around them are doing.
2. Solitary Play
Children play according to the rules they have made up themselves.
Children who watch older children play
Children explore the possibilities of materials or objects.
Children play without regard for what other children around them are doing.

3. Onlooker Play
Children play without regard for what other children around them are doing.
Children who watch older children play.
Children play according to the rules they have made up themselves.
Children explore the possibilities of materials or objects.
4. Parallel Play
Two children doing two different things side by side
Making a decision
All Play
5. Dramatic Play
Children doing two different things side by side
Dress up; Doctor; Police Officer, etc
All Play
6 Constructive Play
Can happen; doctor, house

Solitaire, playing alone

All play
Legos, play-doh, collage

7. Play is best described as

as being intrinsically motivated.
as process over product.
as freedom from rules.
all of these

8. If a child is playing alone, this is defined as

unoccupied
onlooker
solitary 
parallel

9. When children play together in an organized way and with a shared purpose, they are
displaying which stage of play?
associative
parallel
cooperative
none of these

10. Which is true of play for children?

play is a way to keep children from misbehaving

play teaches important skills

play only happens after two years

children in third world countries don't playNext

11. How does parallel play help children develop?

children don't benefit from parallel play
children notice others and imitate their actions
children get used to not being the focus of attention
moms get a break from their children during parallel play timeNext

12. In which type of play would we see children playing with puzzles side by side without
interacting?
solitary 
associative
parallel 
interactive

13. How can caregivers foster learning during parallel play?

make them share toys
model and show children how to interact
let children figure things out on their own
put their babies by other older childrenNext

14. Which is true of parallel play?

Children sometimes stay in this stage well into the middle school
Even when children advance to associative play they may still engage in parallel play at times
Children continue parallel play until an adult shows them how to play with others
Some children never participate in parallel playNext

15. What is an example of constructive play?

Running around in the gym.
Building a city made out of blocks.
Having a pretend tea party.
Laughing with friends during recess.

16. Why are games with rules helpful to children?

Games with rules help children develop motor skills better than any other play.
Games with rules are fun for children of all ages.
Games with rules are more interesting to children than basic play.
Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules.

17.  How does play benefit children?

It can increase their immune system.
It doesn't affect their normal mental capacity.
It can help fasten up their physical growth.
It can help increase their social and thinking skills.
18. What is a benefit that comes from playing sports or exercising during a gym class?
A child's mind is occupied, so it develops.
Children feel included in team sports.
Children become competitive.
Muscle activity is coordinated with nerve and brain function.
19. What is another term for fantasy play?
Fairytale play
There is no other term for fantasy play.
Pretend play
Imaginative play
20. When the child is not playing, just observing. A child may be standing in one spot or
performing random movements.
Cooperative
Associative
Onlooker
Unoccupied

Which of these is a benefit of early childhood development?

Improved cognitive skills and physical abilities
Increased comfort and confidence
All of the above

When does most of a child's brain development occur?

Ages 0 to 5

Ages 6 to 12

Ages 13 to 17
What does the cognitive process in early child development focus on?

Small muscle control and coordination

Emotional communication and control

Development of language and all mental activities.

What does the physical process in early child development focus on?

Small muscle control and coordination

Emotional communication and control

Development of language and all mental activities

All children reach developmental milestones at roughly the same time, and the process is
smooth and continuous.

True

False

Which of these is most important in Early Childhood Development?

Buying expensive clothes

Playing with kids

Teaching math to kids

When do children first play with other children cooperatively?

When do children first play with other children cooperatively?

At birth

At one year

At two years

A safe toy for children

Is age appropriate.

Has sharp edges

Has small, removable parts

Safety precautions must be taken on early child development toys to prevent
Lead poisoning

Choking and strangulation

All of these

None of these
Children under the age of three are at high risk for choking on toys because

They don't chew well

They explore and learn with their mouths

They are hungrier than older children.

THEORIES OF PLAY – PART 2

Play is the highest form of research – Albert Einstein
The above quote has a very deep meaning and reflects Einstein’s
depth of understanding on play as being vital to human
development. Earlier the classical theories looked at play from a
very philosophical perspective, and viewing play as a form for
release of pent up energy. The contemporary theorists view of
play is according to the likes of Einstein’s quote. Play was
viewed by the contemporary theorist from a developmental
perspective.
According to Sandie Rollins’s, Sigmund Freud looked at play
from a therapeutic perspective . Freud in his book on “Beyond
the Pleasure Principle”, describes play as a mechanism for the
child through which the child tries to master previously
experienced traumatic events. Anna Freud viewed play as both
adaptive and defensive for dealing anxiety.
Bruner, 1972 stated that play had a major role of rehearsing ,
where the child rehearses actions pertaining to real life situations
in a safe, risk-free environment, where the child is preparing
himself/herself to face the difficult situation in a less stressful
way. 
 According to Dewey, play is a subconscious activity that helps
an individual develop both mentally and socially. It should be
separate from work as play helps a child to grow into a working
world. As children become adults, they no longer “play” but
seek amusement from their occupation. This childhood activity
of play prepares them to become healthy working adults.
Maria Montessori, postulated that “play is the child’s work.”
Montessori believed in sensory play , where the child learns
through play from hands on experiences, with the help of a
teacher helping the child play to learn. 
According to Lewin and  Buytendijk’s Infantile dynamics, play
happens because cognitively the child is unable to judge the
difference between the real and unreal world. The child plays
because it’s pre-wired in the not to show any other forms of
behaviours other than play. Later, Piaget explain play as
occurring in stages in his theory of cognitive development. The
stages are;
 Functional play, (sensori motor stage), wherein the child
explores his surroundings with the help of his senses and
gains an understanding of the environment , which is play
for the child.
 Symbolic play (pre operational stage), the child is trying to
represent things around symbolically.
  Games with rules (Concrete operation stage), the child at
this stage is ready to play more constructive games
involving rules.
According to Vygotsky, play is a means by which the child is
trying to learn to be social . Children encounter others while
playing, where they learn to interact using language and role
play.
It’s very clear from the above discussion that various theorists
viewed play from different perspectives like therapeutic
according to Freud, sensory according to Montessori,
intellectual according to Lewin and Piaget and social according
to Vygotsky. All these theories are just a bird’s eye view, there
are many more theories of play which explains play from even
more different perspectives.
By Dr Srividya K.

Unoccupied Play (Birth-3 Months)

At this stage baby is just making a lot of movements with their arms, legs, hands, feet, etc. They
are learning about and discovering how their body moves.

Solitary Play (Birth-2 Years)

This is the stage when a child plays alone. They are not interested in playing with others quite
yet.

Spectator/Onlooker Behavior (2 Years)

During this stage a child begins to watch other children playing but does not play with them.
Parallel Play (2+ Years)
When a child plays alongside or near others but does not play with them this stage is referred to
as parallel play.

Associate Play (3-4 Years)

When a child starts to interact with others during play, but there is not a large amount of
interaction at this stage. A child might be doing an activity related to the kids around him, but
might not actually be interacting with another child. For example, kids might all be playing on
the same piece of playground equipment but all doing different things like climbing, swinging,
etc.

Cooperative Play ( 4+ years)

When a child plays together with others and has interest in both the activity and other children
involved in playing they are participating in cooperative play.

As children mature, their play skills move through four specific stages of play: solitary play, parallel play,
symbolic play, and cooperative play

https://momitforward.com/four-stages-play/