Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

1. Research on the background of the author

 Known For: Aguinaldo served as the first president of the independent Philippines.
 Also Known As: Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy
 Born: March 22, 1869 in Cavite, Philippines
 Parents: Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy-Aguinaldo
 Died: February 6, 1964 in Quezon City, Philippines
 Spouse(s): Hilaria del Rosario (m. 1896–1921), María Agoncillo (m. 1930–1963)
 Children: Five

Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led his nation to accomplish autonomy in the wake of
warding off both the Spanish and the Americans.In 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo accomplished
freedom of the Philippines from Spain and was chosen the principal leader of the new republic
under the Malolos Congress. He likewise drove the Philippine-American War against U.S.
protection from Philippine freedom. Aguinaldo kicked the bucket of a cardiovascular failure on
February 6, 1964, in Quezon City, Philippines.

He was also a major military leader in the United States during the Philippine-American War.
Originally from the Cavite province, Aguinaldo was made a Freemason in January 1895. He
joined the Philippine struggle for independence against Spain later that year. Between March and
November 1897, he served as president of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government. He later
became president of the Biak-na-Bato Republic between November and December 1897, the
dictator of the Philippines between May and June 1898, the president of the Revolutionary
Government between June 1898 and January 1899, and the first president of the Philippines
between January 1899 and March 1901. In 1935, Aguinal to become president of the Philippines
Commonwealth against Manuel Quezon but was defeated. He is listed among the Filipinos as the
national heroes of the Philippines.

2. Come up with a summary of the background of the document

 The document was based off of Aguinaldo’s diary. Wherein the documents he preserved and
a family lore that he acquired from hus elders. And the document was handwritten in Tagalog
between 1928 to 1963, after much deliberation when Aguinaldo decided to publish his
memoirs in 1967.

3. Do the content analysis of the important historical information found in the

document

Chapter 28: My Bloodiest Fight

From August 31 to September 1,1896, under his command, the Filipino revolutionaries
defeated the Spanish troops at Cavite. General Candid Tria Tirona and Captain Simeon
Alcantara were among the casualties of this battle. The whole province of Cavite was
completely liberated from the Spaniards on November 1896.

Chapter 30:Magdiwang Council Reorganized

Cavite was liberated through the efforts of both the Magdiwang and Magdalo Councils.
Magdiwang was monarchial (King Andres bonifacio) and Magdalo was republican (President
Baldemoro Aguinaldo).

Chapter 38: My election to the Presidency

An assembly was called upon to bridge the gap between magdiwang and magdalo factions.
The assembly turned out to be an election of leaders for the new revolutionary government.
Aguinaldo was elected President while Bonifacio was elected Director of the Interior.
Aguinaldo was at Pasong Santol in Dasmarinas on March 22, 1897. He learned of his election
as President of the new revolutionary government. His brother, Gneral Crispulo Aguinaldo
persuaded him to go to Tejeros to take his oath of office. At 7:00 in the evening, Aguinaldo,
Trias and Riego de Dios took their oaths of office. On March 24, 1897, Aguinaldo received
news that Bonifacio and his ministers met in a council as passed a resolution declaring null
and void the meeting at Tejeros. Aguinaldo revealed the plot of Bonifacio to kidnap him.
Pasong Santol fell in the hands of the Spaniards.
 Chapter 42: Military Court

Charges were made against the Bonifacio brothers. A military court was created with Colonel
Jose Lipana as presiding judge.

Chapter 44:Death of the Bonifacio Brothers

The bonifacio brothers were found guilty and sentenced to death. Aguinaldo commuted the
sentence to banishment. Generals Pio del Pilar and Marian Noriel persuaded Aguinaldo to
impose the original sentence.

4. Cite the contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history

The "Gunita ng Himagsikan" (1964) is a memoir written via way of means of the Philippines'
1st President, Emilio Aguinaldo. He primarily based it on his diaries, preserved documents, and
lore from his circle of relatives' elders. It is unknown if the authentic diary nevertheless exists,
however locating it might offer true proof for Philippine History. For me, right here are the
motives why "Gunita ng Himagsik" is crucial to the Grand Narrative of Philippine History:
History is set to master the truth. Therefore, analyzing each attitude of Historical proof allows in
proving which occasion is factual. The "Gunita ng Himagsikan" can offer clues or suggestions
for historians. The "Gunita ng Himagsikan" is calling at Philippine History via the eyes of Emilio
Aguinaldo. It offers us Emilio Aguinaldo's attitude at the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato. The "Gunita
ng Himagsikan" remains part of Philippine History.

5. Describe your learning experiences while doing the aforesaid activities.

Despite Emilio Aguinaldo being considered as a traitor in the country, he was still a
revolutionary leader who had led our country’s freedom from Spain. He did not only order
the proclamation of independence, and if it weren’t for the flag that symbolizes the people in
our country we wouldn’t have been where we are today.The readings basically indicate how
he was fighting for the poor and emphasizing how the rich people control the country.
 First Voyage Around the World

1. Research on the background of the author

Famous Italian traveler born in Vicenza round 1490 and died within side the equal metropolis
in 1534, who's additionally recognized with the aid of using the call of Antonio Lombardo or
Francisco Antonio Pigafetta. Initially connected to the order of Rhodes, which changed into
Knight, went to Spain in 1519, observed with the aid of using Monsignor Francisco
Chiericato, and changed into made to be had from Carlos V to sell the agency initiated with
the aid of using the Catholic Monarchs withinside the Atlantic. Soon he/she have become a
notable friendship with Magallanes, who observed, collectively with Juan Sebastián Elcano,
withinside the well-known excursion to the Moluccas all started in August of 1519 and
completed in September 1522. He/She changed into wounded on the war of the island of
Cebu (Philippines) wherein Magellan determined death. The output of Seville made it aboard
of the Trinity; the go back, along side a handful of survivors (17 of the 239 who left this
adventure), in victory, deliver that entered in Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) on September 6,
the unique year. In the final years of his life, he/she traveled with the aid of using land from
France to subsequently go back to Italy in 1523. He/She wrote the relation of that trip, which
changed into the primary across the world, Italian and with the name of Relazioni in lathe to
the primo viaggio di circumnavigazione. Notizia del Mondo Nuovo with parent you dei paesi
scoperti, which changed into posted posthumously, in 1536.
2. Come up with a summary of the background of the document
The document reveals several insights not just in the character of the Philippines during
pre colonial period, but also on how the fresh eyes of the European regard a deeply
unfamiliar terrain, environment, people and culture. It became an important primary
source in the study of precolonial Philippines. It was a major referent to the events
leading to Magellans arrival in the Philippines, his encounter with local leaders, his death
in the hands of Lapulapu’s forces in the Battle of Mactan and in the departure of what
was left of Magellan’s fleet from the islands.
.
3. Do the content analysis of the important historical information found in the document
Pigafetta reported that they reach the isle of Zamal, now samar, but Magellan decided to land in
another uninhabited island for greater security where they could rest for a few days. After two
days, nine men came to them and show joy and eagerness in seeing them. He stated that the
islander we familiar and friendly.

Ballangai was mentioned in his work, a boat full of people in Mazzava. The leader (king) sent
his men to the ship of Magellan and offered a bar of gold and chest of ginger and Magellan
declined. Instead he asked for money for the needs of his ships. The king responded by giving
them the needed privisions and food. Magellan exchanged gifts of robes, red cap, knives and
mirrors. They went to the island and they saw mines of gold.The gold was abundant that the
parts of the ship and the house of the second king were made of gold. The people gathered with
the king and other principal men of the island.Magellan spoke and encouraged the king to be a
good Christian by burning all the idols and worship the cross instead.The king of Cebu was
baptized as Christians. After eight days, all of the islands inhabitant were already baptized.
Pigafetta admitted that they burned a village down for obeying neither the king nor Magellan.
The Mass was conducted by the shore everyday. When the queen (Hara Amihan) came to the
Mass one day, Magellan gave her an Image of the Infant Jesus made by Pigafetta himself.

April 26

Zula, a principal man from the island of Matan (Mactan) went to see Magellan and ask him a
boat full of men so that he could fight the chief name Silalapulapu (Lapulapu). According to
Zula, Lapulapu refused to obey the king and was also preventing him from doing so. Magellan
offered three boats and went to Mactan himself to fight Lapulapu. They arrived in Mactan in
daylight with 49 in numbers while the islanders of Mactan were estimated to number 1500.
Magellan died in the battle. The natives perceiving that the bodies of the enemies were protected
with armors, aimed for their legs instead.

Magellan was pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right leg.A few of their men charges at the
natives and tried to intimidate them by burning an entire village but this only enraged the natives
further.Magellan was specifically targeted because the native knew he was the captain
general.Duarte Barbosa is elected as the new captain.
 Henry, Magellan’s slave and interpreter betrayed them and told the king of Cebu that
they intended to leave as quickly as possible. The slave allegedly told the king that if he followed
his advice, the king would acquire the ships and the goods of Magellan’s fleet.The two conspired
and betrayed what was left of Magellan’s men. The king invited these men to a gathering where
he said he would present the jewels that he would send for the King of Spain. Twenty-four men
attended while Pigafetta was not able to joined because he was nursing his battle wounds. The
natives had slain all the men except the interpreter and Juan Serrano who was already wounded.
The fleet departed and abandoned Serrano. They left Cebu and continued their journey around
the world. From the original five ships set to sail( San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria, Trinidad
and Santiago) only Victoria returned to Spain. And from the original 237 men only 18 men
survived.

4. Cite the contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history
 One of the most cited documents by historians who wished to study the pre colonial
Philippines.
 Earliest detailed documentation.
 It was believed that Pigafetta’s writing s account fot the “purest” precolonial society.
 Pigafetta’s work is a great importance in study and writing of Philippine history.
 Being a scholar of cartography and geography, Pigafetta was able to give details on
geography and climate of the places that their voyage has reached.
 Pigafetta’s description to people was coming from sixteenth century European
perspective.
 Pigaffetta regarded the indigenous belief systems and way of life as inferior to
Christianity and of the Europeans.
 He emphasized the native’s amazement and illiteracy to the European artillery,
merchandise and other goods
5. Describe your learning experiences while doing the aforesaid activities.

There was certain biases accompanying the author and his identity, loyalties, and the
circumstances that he was in; and how it affected the text that he produced. We need to
understand that he was a chronicler commissioned by the King of Spain to accompany and
document a voyage intended to expand the Spanish empire. A noble descent who

came from a rich family in Italy. When they saw the indigenous attires of the natives, Pigafetta
saw them as being naked because from the European standpoint, they were wearing fewer
clothes. Pigafetta’s perspective was too narrow to realize that such attire was only appropriate to
the tropical climate of the islands.

The Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto

1. Research on the background of the author
The Author of the document is Emilio Jacinto He was born December 15, 1875. Son of
Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon. He went to a private school for his primary education
and Colegio de San Juan de Letran for his secondary education and his college school,
and The University of Santo Tomas for his law studies. Emilio Jacinto dropped out of
college at the age of 20. He joined the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society. Emilio
became the secretary of the one who reports directly to the leader of the Katipunan. He
also became the chief advisor on fiscal matters concerning the society. He wrote the
society’s newspaper called the Kalayaan. He was also referred to as the “Utak ng
Katipunan”. “Dimas-ilaw” was his pen name. He was also known by the group as
Pingkian Emilio Jacinto was in charge in creating the guidebook for new members which
was called “Kartilya ng Katipunan”He died April 16, 1899 at the age of 24.

2. Come up with a summary of the background of the document

The original version of the document has 14 paragraphs that contains the values
that Katipuneros should possess. The name of the document was supposed to be
Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z.LI.B. (Duties of the sons of the People). In 1986,
Andres Bonifacio the father of the Philippine Revolution and once the President of the
Supreme Council of the Katipunan, penned the duties of the sons of the people, a list of
the duties and responsibilities to be followed strictly by every member of the
organization. The rules constituted a Decalogue, and embodied
 Bonifacio’s passionate beliefs
3. Do the content analysis of the important historical information found in the
document
 Katipunan(KKK) KKK stands for the “Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan.”
 A revolutionary society that aims the independence and freedom of the
Philippines from the oppressors.
 To those who want to join the Katipunan
 They have rules for those who wish to join the KKK
 True love of the native land and genuine compassion for one another
 The applicant should be renounce all acts of evil; hence, he shall submit to the
authority of the sacred commands of the Katipunan.
 For those who wants to lead a life of bodily comfort and ease, he should not
proceed for the task of a Katipunero is weighty like protecting those who are
oppressed and the relentless fight for the evil.
 Payment of due is required upon entry(12 ½ cents each month)

The 14 rules of the Kartilya ng Katipunan

 The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without
a shade, if not a poisonous weed.
 To do good for personal gain and not for its own
 sake is not virtue.
 It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s
conduct, acts and words to what is in itself reasonable.
 Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal: superiority in
knowledge, wealth and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority by nature.
 The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor.
 To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
 Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost.
 Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.
  The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets
 On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children, and if the
guide leads to the precipice, those whom he guides will also go there.
 Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful
companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness
will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the mother who bore
thee and reared thee.
 What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that
do not unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.
 Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his
color white, not because he is a priest, a servant of God, nor because of the high
prerogative that he enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of
proven and real value, who does good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he
who does not oppress nor consent to being oppressed, he who loves and cherishes
his fatherland, though he be born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his
own.
 When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of Liberty
shall rise brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall
diffuse everlasting joy among the confederated brethren of the same rays, the
lives of those who have gone before, the fatigues andthe well-paid sufferings will
remain. If he who desires to enter (the Katipunan) has informed himself of all this
and believes he will be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the
application for admission.
4. Cite the contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history
The relevance or contribution of the document in the Philippine history are the
morals and intellectual foundation of our people the Filipinos. That they had a goal and
set of rules, clearly a work of an intellect thus showed that our heroes has the intellectual
capacity to rival those who have better education. The document also showed that
Filipinos have dignity and treat people equally. They fought with awe for our
independence
5. Describe your learning experiences while doing the aforesaid activities.
The document was written prior to the August 1896 revolutionary movement of
the Katipunan. The Katipuneros upon joining the Katipunan were required to read the
Kartilya and adhere to its code of conduct. The Factors that Emilio Jacinto considered in
writing the document were to make sure that members of the society has the quality of a
Katipunero. The document also intended to make the Filipinos understand what a
real Katipunero is. My overall observation and insights on the primary source were that
the Filipinos have dignity and patriotism back then. That they value life and have noble
intentions. That our heroes did everything in their power to liberate us from our
oppressors.