1.

Describe the political, cultural, economic, and religious developments during the

19th century Philippines as explained by Schumacher.  

In the nineteenth century, the Philippines experienced massive economic development.

Filipinos have grown wealthier as a result of the export economy, machinery, and consumer
goods. Even though Spanish initiatives have had a positive economic impact, the political
outcome has been the polar opposite. The Spanish bureaucracy was riddled with graft and
corruption, as well as an inability to meet basic needs such as public works, schools, and
peace and order. Taxation stifled modernisation and never made it to the ground, while hefty
tariffs pushed Filipinos to buy expensive textiles rather than cheaper British ones. Education
has spread rapidly, resulting in cultural growth, which is a significant component in the
formation of nationalism. The return of the Jesuits had a significant impact on educational
progress. Filipinos' eyes had been awakened to a broader viewpoint, and they would no
longer tolerate the status quo. With the advancement of knowledge, the ilustrado class has
become increasingly anti-friar, and they have blamed their hostility on the friars' abuses. In a
letter to blumentrit, Rizal stated, "God must not serve as a cover and protection of abuses,
and neither must religion."The conflict between Filipino secular priest and Spanish friars that
had led to the martyrdom of fathers GOMBURZA seeds the nationalism among
propagandists.