KV I U A V DQVM© G Vbyqvj 2021

Kv‡i›U A¨v‡dqvm© g¨vbyqvj 2021
‽Rv-evB‽W‽bi gwš¿mfv I cÖkvmb

‽Rv-evB‽W‽bi gwš¿mfv I cÕkvm‽b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwq‽Z¡ hviv-
c‽ì bvg e¨w³
ciivóªgš‫‫‬x (†m‡µUvwi Ae ‬¨ †÷U) A¨v›Uwb weø‡¼b (evivK Ievgv cÔkvm‡b mnKvix ciivóªgš‫‫‬x wQ‡jb)
cÔwZiÿvgš‫‫‬x Ae. ‡R. j‡qW Aw÷b [hy³iv‡óªi cÔ_g K òv½ cÔwZiÿvgš‫‫‬x]
Ó‡m‡µUvwi Ae ‬¨ †UªRvwiÖ (A_©gš‫‫‬x) R¨v‡bU B‡q‡jb (mv‡eK †dWv‡ij wiRvf© †Pqvi)
Af¨šÍixY wbivcËv welqK gš‫‫‬x wKDevb es‡kv™~Z Av‡jnv‡›‬ªv gv‡qiKvm
RjevqywelqK we‡kl cÔwZwbwa mv‡eK ciivóªgš‫‫‬x Rb †Kwi (Ievgvi Avg‡j ciivóªgš‫‫‬x wn‡m‡e Biv‡bi
m‡½ cigvYy Pzw³ ¯^vÿ‡i Zvui ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv wQj)
RvwZms‡N hy³iv‡óªi ¯'vqx cÔwZwbwa wjÛv Ugvm-wMÖbwdì
RvZxq †Mv‡q›‬v ms¯'vi cwiPvjK A¨vwåj nvB‡bm (j¨vwUb-Av‡gwiKvb es‡kv™~Z)
†Rv eB‡W‡bi wPd Ae ÷vd ib ‡K¬Bb
‼nvqvBU nvD‽mi ‼WcywU wPd Ae ÷v‽di wmwbqi Dc‽`óv wn‽m‽e wb‽qvM ‼c‽q‽Qb evsjv‽`wk es‽kv™¢~Z RvBb wmwÏK
hy³iv‡óªi K wl gš‫‫‬Yvj‡qi Aaxb cjøx Dbœqb mwPevj‡qi AvÙvi †m‡µUvwii wPd Ae ÷vd wn‡m‡e wbhy³ n‡q‡Qb
evsjv‽`wk es‽kv™¢~Z Av‽gwiKvb dvivn Avn‽g`|
bewbe©vwPZ ‼cÕwm‽W›U evB‽W‽bi Kg©cwiKíbv
K‽ivbvfvBivm kxl© weÁvbx I we‽klÁ wb‽q K‽ivbv Uv¯‹‽dvm© MVb, gnvgvix‽Z ÿwZMÕ¯Í cwievi I ÿz`ª eëmvqx‽ì
cÕ‽Yv`bv| mevi Rb¨ wUKv, wbqwgZ webv g~‽j¨ cixÿvI I hy³ivó‼K wek^ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi AšÍfz©w³|
A_©bxwZ AeKvVv‡gv Dbœ‡q‡b 1 jvL 30 nvRvi †KvwU Wjvi wewb‡qvM|
Facebook group & Page: Current affairs manual 1

me©wb¤œ gRywi N›Uvq 15 Wjvi| abx I K‡c©v‡iU †Kv¤úvwb e…w×|
Awfevmb 1 †KvwU 10 jvL A‪ea Awfevmx‡K bvMwiKZ †‬qvi †ivWg¨vc|
7 gymwjg †‬‡ki Ici †_‡K ågb wb‡lavÁv cÔZ¨vnvi|
ciivóªbxwZ bZzb K‡i †RvU M‡o †Zvjv I we‡k^ †di ÓgvwK©b †bZ ZÖ wbwðZ Kiv|
ga¨weË †kÔwYi Rb¨ c…_K bxwZ MÔnY|
¯^v¯^¨‽mev Ievgvi RbwcÔq ¯^v¯'¨bxwZ wdwi‡q AviI we¯Í ZKiY|
¯^v¯'¨‡mevi wd I e¨q Kg‡e I webvg~‡j¨ Ilya mieivn|
Rjevqy I R¦vjvwb c¨vwim Rjevqy Pzw³‡Z wdi‡e hy³ivóª|
Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejv I bevqb‡hvM¨ R¦vjvwb‡Z 2 jvL †KvwU Wjvi wewb‡qvM|
wePvi eë¯’vi ms¯‹vi wØKÿwewkó RvZxq Kwgkb MVb I ms¯‹vi cÔ¯Íve ‪Zwi| KvivMv‡i ew›‬ I Aciva Kgv‡bv|
K…òv½ bvMwiK K òv½ m¤úª‬v‡qi Rb¨ ¯^í e¨‡q Avevmb I ¯^v¯'¨‡mev, K òv½ cwievi I eëmvqx‡‬i Avw_©K
mn‡hvwMZv| K òv½ Kvivew›‬ I Aciva Kgv‡bv Ges wPwKrmv wbwðZ Kiv|
Gev‽ii wbe©vP‽bi LuywUbvwU
 2020 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b ‡iKW© 16 †KvwUi ‡ewk †fvUvi †fvU cÔ‬vb K‡ib (MZ 120 eQ‡i m‡e©v‧P)|
 K‡ivbv gnvgvwii g‡aÏ Gev‡ii wbe©vP‡b ‡fvUvi Dcw¯'wZi nvi wQjÑ 65-66.9%|
 Gev‡ii wbe©vP‡b 1,216 Rb cÔv_©x cÔwZØw›ØZv K‡ib|
 g~j cÔwZØw›ØZv ‡Rv evB‡Wb I †Wvbvì Uªv‡¤úi g‡a¨ n‡jI G wbe©vP‡b Z Zxq I PZy_© nb h_vµ‡gÑ wjevU©vwiqvb
cvwU©i bvix cÔv_©x †Rv R‡M©bmvb Ges wMÔb cvwU©i nvDB nwKÜ|
 `yB evsjv‡‬wk cÔv_©xmn Gev‡ii wbe©vP‡b †iKW© 9 gymwjg cÔv_©x Rq jvf K‡i (5 Rb bvix I 4 Rb cyiæl)|
 Gev‡ii wbe©vP‡b weRqx ‬yB evsjv‡‬wk cÔv_©x n‡jbÑ wc‡ivRcy‡ii Aveyj we Lvb (4_© evi weRqx) I wK‡kviM‡Ãi
†kL ingvb P›‬b (2q evi weRqx)|
 cÔ_g bvix K òv½ Ks‡MÔm m‬m¨ wn‡m‡e wg‡m×wi‡Z wbe©vwPZ nb ÓeøvK jvBfm g¨vUviÖ AwaKviKg©xÑ ‡Kvwi eyk|
 wgqvbgv‽ii ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm
mvj ‼cÕÿvcU
1937 fviZ el© †_‡K evg©v‡K c…_KxKiY Kiv nq|
1942 ¯^vqËkvm‡bi Rb¨ AvivKvb ivLvBb †e×× I †ivwn½v gymwj‡gi g‡a¨ mv¤úª‬vwqK ‬v½v ïiæ nq|
1941-1945 wØZxq wek¦hy‡× Rvcvb KZ…©K evg©v `Lj|
1947 ¯^vaxbZvi bvqK ‡Rbv‡ij As mvb nZ¨vi wkKvi nb|
†ivwn½v gymwjgiv ¯^vaxb AvivKv‡bi ‬vwe‡Z GK e¨_© mk¯‫ ‫‬we‡‬ªvn K‡i|
1948 Bg©v‡RwÜ Bwg‡MÔmb G¨v±Ö K‡i evg©v miKvi †ivwn½v gymwjg‡‬i RvZxqZv †K‡o †bq|
1962 mvgwiK RvšÍviv ÿgZv ‬Lj K‡i| mvgwiK RvšÍvi cÔavb wQ‡jb †b DBb|
1977 wgqvbgv‡i ewnivMZ cÔ‡ek wbwl× K‡i Ges ZLb †_‡KB †ivwn½v‡‬i Dci AZ¨vPvi ïiæ nq|
1978 wgqvbgvi †_‡K evsjv‡‬‡k †ivwn½v kiYv_©x‡‬i 1g AvMgb N‡U Acv‡ikb bvMvwgb WªvM‡bi d‡j
1982 bvMwiK AvBb ms‡kvab K‡i †ivwn½v‡‬i gvqvbgv‡ii bvMwiKZ †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq: AvB‡bi
welqe¯` bvMwiKZ †‬qv nq 1823 mv‡ji Av‡M Avmv RbMY| G AvB‡bi Kvi‡Y †ivwn½viv fvmgvb
Rb‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e wPwþZ nq|
1883 †ivwn½v‡‬i fvmgvb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq|
1988 As mvb mywPi ivR‪bwZK `j NLD cÔwZôv| †b DBb ÿgZvPz¨Z nb|
1989 evg©vi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i gvqvbgvi bvgKiY| m~wP M…ne›‬x nb (1989Ñ2010), ‬xN© 21 eQi| †i½yb Gi bvg
2 Facebook group & Page: Current affairs manual

cwieZ©b K‡i ivLv nq Bqv½yb| AvivKv‡bi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i †e×× RvZxqZvwfwËK ÓivLvBbÖ ivLv nq|
1990 b¨vkbvj jxM di †W‡gv‡µwmi (NLD) Rqjvf| wKš` ÿgZv wb‡Z cv‡iwb GbGjwW|
1991 MYZvwš‫‫‬K Av‡›‬vj‡b †bZ Z †‬qvi Rb¨ As mvb mywP kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib|
1992 w_b ‡mBb mvgwiK RvšÍv miKv‡ii cÔavb nb|
evsjv‡‬‡k-wgqvbgvi cÔ_g †ivwn½v cÖZ¨vemb Pzw³ nq|
2006 cÖv³b ivRavbx †i½yb ev Bqv½yb †_‡K †bwc‡Wv‡Z ¯'vbvšÍi Kiv nq|
2008 gvqvbgv‡ii bZyb msweavb cÔYqb K‡i mvgwiK RvšÍv miKvi|
2015 wgqvbgv‡ii mvaviY wbe©vP‡b 86% †fvU †c‡q GbGjwWi Rqjvf|
wecyj †fv‡U weRqx n‡jI mywPi ¯^vgx (gvB‡Kj GwiK) I mšÍvbiv we‡‬kx bvMwiK nIqvq mvsweavwbK
evaëvaKZvi Kvi‡Y mywP †cÔwm‡W›U n‡Z cv‡ib wb|
2016 myy‬xN© mvgwiK kvm‡bi (1962-2016) Aemvb nq|
mvaviY wbe©vP‡b Rqx n‡q As mvb mywPi ivR‪bwZK ‬j Ób¨vkbvj jxM di †W‡gv‡µwm (GbGjwW)Ö
MYZvwš‫‫‬K miKvi eë¯'v Pvjy K‡i|
2020 As mvb mywP‡K kvLvif cyi¯‹vi m¤úª‬vq †_‡K ewn¯‹vi|
‰ewk¦K BwZnvm (‼ewmK Z_¨)

‰ewk^K BwZnv‽mi GKwU NUbvi mv‽_ Av‽iKwU NUbv hy³ _v‽K|ZvB êwk^K BwZnvm co‽Z n‽e avivevwnKfv‽e| ‰ewk^K
BwZnvm gv‽b c„w_ex m„wói c‽ii mKj BwZnvm| wKš` Avgiv ‼mB BwZnvmB co‽ev hv ‼_‽K wewmGm I cÖwZ‽hvwMZvg~jK
cixÿvq wbqwgZ cÖkœ nq| ZvB Avgiv cÖ_‽g 1215 mv‡ji g¨vMbvKvU©v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mv¤úªwZK Pxb-hy³ivóª evwYR¨ hy×
ch©šÍ avievwnK Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| Gici cÖvPxb BwZnvm (mf¨Zv) wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|
weMZ wewmGm cÕkœ (35-40Zg)
1. evB‽RbUvBb (Byzantine) mv¤ªv‽Rï ivRavbx wQj ‼Kvb bMix? [39Zg wewmGm]
K. wjmeb L. Kb÷vw›U‽bvcj M. cÖvwim N. wf‡qbv DËi: L
2. A‽±vei wecø‽ei ‼bZ…Z¡ w`‽q‽QbÑ [38Zg wewmGm]
K. Kvj© gvK©m L. †d«WwiK G‡½jm M. wf.AvB.‽jwbb N. gvI †m Zzs DËi: M
3. ÒImperialism, the Highest Stage of CapitalismÓ eBwU Kvi ‼jLv? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. Ugvm nemb L. wf.AvB.‽jwbb M. Kvj© gvK©m N. Gw›Uwb I MÔvgwm DËi: L
4. mv‽eK gvwK©b ‼cÕwm‽W›U ‼ivbvì wiMvb KZ…©K ‼NvwlZ ÷ªv‽UwRK wW‽dÞ Bwbwm‽qwUf (Gm.wW.AvB) Gi RbwcÕq bvg
wQj? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. kqZv‡bi mv¤ªv‡Rï AvµgY L. ZviKv hy× M. _vW N. g¨vW DËi: L
5. cÕvK…wZK AvB‽bi D™¢ve nq : (38Zg wewmGm]
K. _gvm nem, û‽Mv, ‼MÕvwmqvm I Rb jK Gi ‼jLwb ‼_‽K L. g¨vMbvKvU©v †_‡K
M. wMÔK, wLª÷b I ga¨hyMxq ag© ZË †_‡K N. KbdzwmqvwRg †_‡K DËi: K
6. ‽cÕwm‽W›U DB‽Wªv DBjm‽bi 14 points Gi KZ b¤î points G RvwZcy‽Ãi m„wói K_v D‽jøL Kiv n‽q‽Q? [36Zg wewmGm]
K. 9 L. 12 M. 13 N. 14 DËi: N
7. ÔWwg‽bv× ZË¡wU ‼Kvb AÂ‽ji Rb¨ cÕ‽hvR¨ wQj? [35Zg wewmGm]
K. wbKU cÖvP¨ L. `wÿY-c~e©-Gwkqv M. c~e© Avwd«Kv N. c~e© BD‡ivc DËi: L
8. ÔMøvmb¯Í bxwZ× ‼Kvb ‼`‽k Pvjy n‽qwQj? [35Zg wewmGm]
K. Pxb L. nv‡½wi M. mv‽eK ‼mvwf‽qZ BDwbqb N. †cvj¨vÙ DËi: M
9. cÖ_g wek¦hy× PjvKvjxb ‼ej‽dvi ‼NvlYv 1917-Gi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wQjÑ [35Zg wewmGm]
K. RvwZcyÃ m…wó Kiv L. A‡Uvg¨vb‡‬i RvqMv ‬Lj Kiv
M. Bûw`‽ì Rb¨ GKwU RvwZivóª MVb Kiv N. Rvg©vwbi weiæ‡× wgÎkw³i bZzb †K×kj Aej¤^b DËi: M
10. wØZxq wek¦hy‽×i ci c~e©-cwðg Ø‽›Øi d‽j m„wó c~‽e©i A_©‰bwZK ‼RvUwUi bvg wQjÑ [35Zg wewmGm]
K. Kwg›Uvb© L. K‽gKb M. Kwgbdg© N. †KvbwUB bq DËi: L
1215 mv‽ji g¨vMbvKvU©v
 1215 mv‡j ZrKvjxb weªwUk ivRv Rb I RbM‡bi g‡a¨ †g×wjK AwaKvi Pzw³i bvg g¨vMbvKvU©v|
 GB Pzw³i d‡j ivRv‡KI wbq‡gi Aax‡b Pj‡Z nq|
 g¨vMbvKvU©v‡K ejv nq weªwUk kvmbZ‡š‫‫‬i evB‡ej|
 g¨vMbv KvUv© (Magna Carta): Gi evsjv A_© nj Õ¯^vaxbZv mb‬Ò| e¨vcK Av‡›‬vj‡bi cwiYwZ‡Z Bsj¨v‡Ùi
RbMY 1215 wLªóv‡ã ivRv Rb-Gi wbKU †_‡K ivR‪bwZK I e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv msµvšÍ GB mb‬ Av‬vq K‡i wb‡qwQj|
GB mb‡‬i †g×wjK welq¸‡jv wQj wb¤œiƒc: 1. ivRv cÔRv‡‬i wbKU †_‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ †Kv‡bv A_© Av‬vq Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| 2. cvjv©‡g‡›Ui gZ bv wb‡q ivRv cÔ_g cyÎ‡K hyeivR c‡‬ AwawôZ Ki‡Z ev cÔ_gv Kb¨vi we‡q mve¨¯Í
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| 3. wePvi Qvov KvD‡K Kviviæ× Kiv, kvw¯Í cÔ‬vb Kiv ev AvB‡bi AvkÔqPz¨Z Kiv Pj‡e bv| 4.
†Kv‡bv AvBbMZ AwaKvi ev wePvi wejw¤^Z Kiv ev Zv †_‡K KvD‡K ewÂZ Kiv Pj‡e bv Ges 5. ¯'vqx †‬Iqvwb
Av`vjZ ev Civil Court cÔwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e| RbM‡Yi AwaKvi Av‬v‡qi BwZnv‡m Óg¨vMbv KvUv©Ö wQj GK hyMvšÍKvix NUbv|
Av‽gwiKvi M„nhy× (1861Ñ1865)
 1860 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi wbe©vP‡b wicvewjKvb ‬j †_‡K weRqx nq Ñ Aveªvnvg wjsKb|
 Zvi wbe©vPbx cÔwZkÔæwZ wQj Ñ ‬vmcÔ_v we‡jvc|
 wZwb weRqx n‡q 1861 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi 16Zg †cÔwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb|
 wbe©vPbx cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx wZwb `vmcÖ_v we‡jv‡c †Rvi †‬b| G‡Z ‬wÿ‡Yi 11wU ivR¨ Zvi wec‡ÿ P‡j hvq| c‡i
Avi I wZbwU ivR¨ wg‡j †gvU 13wU A½ivR¨ G M…nhy‡× Ask MÔnb K‡i | Ab¨w‬‡K DË‡ii ivR¨¸‡jv‡Z ‬vmcÔ_v
we‡jv‡c Av‡›‬vjb †Rvi‬vi nq|
 d‡j ‬wÿ‡Yi 13wU ivR¨ Avjv‬v n‡q hy³cÔ‡‬k ev Kb‡dWv‡iU †÷Um Ae Av‡gwiKv MVb K‡i hvq †cÔwm‡W›U nq
†Rdvimb †Wwfm|
 11 ivR¨ ev‡‬ evwK ivR¨¸‡jv wb‡q hy³ivóª BDwbqb ev DË‡ii ivR¨ MwVZ nq hvi †cÔwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsKb|
 d‡j NUbv ‡gvo †bq ‬vmcÔ_v †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi w‬‡K|
 Av‡gwiKv m…wó nq 13wU A½ivR¨ wb‡q|
 G hy‡×i cÿØq DË‡ii w‬‡K ivRï mv‡_ ‬wÿ‡Yi ivRï|
 weRqx DË‡ii ivR¨¸‡jv|
 djvdj: ‬vmcÔ_v wejywß I ALÐ Av‡gwiKv|
Av‽gwiKvi µxZ`vm cÕ_vi wejywß I Aveªvnvg wjs¼‽bi fvlY
1863 mv‽j Aveªvnvg wj¼b Av‽gwiKvi `vmcÖ_v wejyß K‽ib| G Dcj‽ÿ¨ 1863 mv‽ji 19 b‽f¤î ‽cbwmjfvwbqvi
‼MwUmev‽M© ‼h fvlY ‽`b Zv Ô‼MwUmevM© G‽WªmÕ ev Ô‼MwUmev‽M©Õi fvlY bv‽g cwiwPZ| G fvl‽bi e¨vwß wQ‽jv 3 wgwbU|
‼hwU R¨vKe wd‽ìi ‘We shall fight on the Beaches: The speeches that inspired history’ MÖ‽š'
msKwjZ nvRvi eQ‽ii ‼kÖô fvl‽Yi g‽a¨ 1 b¤^‽i i‽q‽Q| D³ MÖ‽š' ‼kÖô 4wU fvlY n‽jvÑ
1. Aveªvnvg wj¼‡bi †MwUmev‡M©i fvlY|
2. gvwU©b jy_vi wKs (Rywbqi)Õi ‘I have a Dream’ [fvlYwU ‡‬Iqv nq wj¼b ‡g‡gvwiqv‡j 1963 mv‡j
Av‡gwiKvi ‬vmcÔ_v wejywßi 100 eQi c~wZ©‡Z]
3. e½eÚzi 7 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY|
4. wØZxq wek^hy‡× Rvg©vwbi weiæ‡× DBÜUb PvwP©‡ji ‘We shall fight on the Beaches’ wk‡ivbv‡gi fvlY|
gvD›U ivk‽gvi ‼g‽gvwiqvj
 ÓgvD›U ivk‡gvi b¨vkbvj †g‡gvwiqvjÖ hy³iv‡óªi mvD_ Wv‡KvUvi wK‡÷v‡b Aew¯'Z MÔvbvBU cv_‡ii cvnvo †K‡U
ˆZwi Kiv GKwU gby‡g›U|
 60 dzU D‧PZvi G gby‡g‡›U hy³iv‡óªi kZ eQ‡ii BwZnvm‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
 gvD›U ivk‡gvi ce©‡Z †h PviRb †kÔô gvwK©b †cÔwm‡W‡›Ui Aveÿ fv¯‹h© ¯'vb †c‡q‡Q Zvuiv n‡jbÑ 1. RR© IqvwksUb
(¯^vaxbZvi bvqK, cÔ_g †cÔwm‡W›U), 2. _gvm †Rdvimb (¯^vaxbZvi †NvlK, Z Zxq †cÔwm‡W›U), 3. Aveªvnvg wj¼b
(16Zg †cÔwm‡W›U) I 4. w_I‡Wvi iæR‡fë (26Zg ‡cÔwm‡W›U; cÔ_g †bv‡ej weRqx †cÔwm‡W›U)|
fviZxq RvZxq Ks‽MÕm cÕwZôv (1885)
 fviZxq G ‬jwU fvi‡Z wn›‬y evg e‡j cwiwPZ|
 1885 mv‡j A¨vjvb A‡±vwfqvb wnDg, `v`vfvB bI‡ivwR, D‡gkP›‬ª e‡›‬¨vcva¨vq, my‡i›‬ªbv_ e‡›‬¨vcva¨vq cÔgyL e¨w³eM©|
 fviZxq ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›‬vj‡b †bZ Z †‬q Ks‡MÔm|
 1947 mv‡j fviZ ¯^vaxbZv jvf Ki‡j Ks‡MÔm †‬‡ki cÔavb ivR‪bwZK ‬‡j cwiYZ nq|
 g~jZ MvÜx - †b‡niæ cwieviB Ks‡MÔm‡K †bZ Z ‬vb K‡i _v‡K|
 1906 mv‡j Ks‡MÔ‡mi GKvsk †_‡K gymwjg jx‡Mi m…wó nq|
 Ks‡MÔm Gi wbev©Pbx cÔZxK Ñ cvÃv|
 cÔ_g mfvcwZ Ñ D‡gkP›‬ª e‡›‬vcva¨vq I mvavib m¤úv‬K Ñ A¨vjvb Aw±wfqvb wnDg|
 2q mfvcwZ Ñ ‬v‬vfvB bI‡ivwR {fviZxq‡‬i g‡a¨ wZwb cvivwmqvb a‡g©i (Ri_y÷ªvev‬) Abymvix wQ‡jb}|
kªwgK wecøe
 mgqKvj: 1886
 djvdj: kª‡gi I kªwg‡Ki b¨vh¨ g~j¨vqb, ˆ‬wbK 8 N›Uv kªg wba©viY|
 mswkøó welq: 1890 †_‡K 1†g (†g w‬em) cvjb|
cÖ_g wek^hy× (28 RyjvB, 1914-11 b‽f¤î, 1918)
28 Ryb 1914 Aw÷ªqvi hyeivR d«vwÝm dvwW©bvÛ (1863-1914) eZ©gvb emwbqv nv‡R©‡Mvwfbvi ivRavbx mviv‡q‡fv
mdiKv‡j mvwe©qvb GK AvZZvqx (M¨vweª‡jv wcÔwÜ‡c)Öi nv‡Z wbnZ nb| Gi djkÔæwZ‡Z 28 RyjvB, 1914 Aw÷ªqv
mvwe©qvi weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i| Z‡e Aw÷ªqvi hyeivR nZ¨vKvÙB cÔ_g hy‡×i GKgvÎ KviY wQj bv| Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK
NUbvI Gi Rb¨ `vqx| †hgbt Dcwb‡ek ‬L‡ji cÔwZ‡hvMxZv, DMÔ RvZxqZvev‬, mvgwiK kw³ e…w×, ci¯úiwe‡ivax †RvU cÔf wZ|
cÖ_g wek^hy× ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
hy× ïiæ 28 RyjvB, 1914
cÔ_g wek^hy‡×i Aÿkw³ Rvg©vwb, Aw÷ªqv, nv‡½ix, Zzi¯‹|
Aÿkw³ (Axis Power): hv‡ì Øviv hy‡×i m~Pbv nq ev AvµgYKvix ivóª‡K Aÿkw³ e‡j|
cÔ_g wek^hy‡×i wgÎkw³ weª‡Ub, d«vÜ, mvwe©qv, †ejwRqvg, ivwkqv, BZvwj, hy³ivóª|
we‽kl Z_¨:
1. cÔ_g wek¦hy†× ivwkqvi †hvM‬vb †_‡K ïiæ nq ivwkqvi Af¨šÍ‡i iæk wecøe| GB wecø‡ei wbqvgK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
1905 mv‡ji eøvwW mvb‡W|
2. cÔ_g wek¦hy‡× cZb nq A‡Uvgvb, Rvg©vb, A‡÷ªv-nv‡½ixq m¤ªv‡Rï| Avi m¤ªvR¨ AviI we¯Í Z nq weªwUk I
divwm‡‬i| KviY Zviv Zviv civwRZ A‡Uvgvb I Rvg©vb m¤ªv†Rï Dcwb‡ek¸‡jv ‬Lj K‡i|

3. cÔ_g wek¦hy‡× Bûw‬‡‬i ‡evgvi Avwe¯‹vi weª‡Ub‡K G hy‡× wRZ‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| myZivs cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e Bûw‬iv
Zv‡‬i Rb¨ GKwU c…_K ivóª ‬vwe K‡i| G Kvi‡Y 1917 mv‡j ZrKvjxb weªwUk ciivóªgš‫‫‬x A_©vi †ej‡dvi KZ ©K
Bûw‬‡‬i GKwU c…_K ivóª MV‡bi †h †NvlYv †‬b hv †ej‡dvi †NvlYv bv‡g cwiwPZ| A_©vr 1948 mv‡j c…w_exi cÔ_g
I GKgvÎ †h Bûw‬ ivóª Bmiv‡qj Rb¥jvf K‡i Zvi Rb¨ 1917 mv‡ji ‡ej‡dvi †NvlYv ‬vqx|
4. 1g wek¦hy‡×i aÝsm¯`‡ci Dci Rb¥jvf K‡i RvwZcyÃ| Avi 2q wek¦hy× †_‡K Rb¥jvf K‡i RvwZmsN, AvBGgGd I wek¦e¨vsK
NUbvi avivevwnKZv iÿvq G Aa¨v‽q cÖ_g wek^hy‽×i wKQz NUbv Av‽jvPbv Kiv n‽q‽Q| we¯ÍvwiZ co※b wØZxq Aa¨v‽q ÔAvšÍR©vwZK
wbivcËv I AvšÍivóªxq ÿgZv m¯ú‡K©iÕ cÖ_g I wØZxq wek^hy× ‼_‽K|
iæk wecøe (‽deªæqvwi wecøe+A‽±vei wecøe)
 iæk wecø‽ei kZ el© c~Y© nqÑ 7 b‽f¤î, 2017
 iæk wecøet wesk kZvãxi me‡P‡q ¸iæZc~Y© NUbv¸wji GKwU n‡‧QÑ iæk wecøe| 1917 mv‡j Rv‡ii cZ‡bi ci
cÔ_g AšÍeZx© miKvi MVb K‡i D‬vicwš' I mgvRZš‫‫‬xiv wg‡j| wKš` A‡±vei wecø‡ei gva¨‡g †mB miKv‡ii cZb
nq| ÿgZvmxb nq †jwb‡bi †bZ Z ej‡kwfK ‬j|
 iæk wecøe g~jZ ‬ywU wecø‡ei djvdj| cÔ_g wecøewU nq 1917 mv‡j ‡deªæqvwi gv‡m Ges wØZxqwU nq A‡±vei gv‡m
 †deªæqvwi wecø‡e cZb nq Rvi wØZxq wb‡Kvjv‡mi I A‡±vei wecø‡ei cZb nq D‬vicš'x †bZv Av‡jKRvÙvi †K‡ibw¯‹i|
 ‡deªæqvwi wecøewU K‡i D‬vicwš' mgvRZš‫‫‬xiv wg‡j Ges A‡±vei wecøewU K‡i †jwb‡bi ej‡kwfK ‬j|
 ‡deªæqvwi wecø‡ei †K›‬ª wQ‡jv ZrKvjxb ivRavbx †c‡ÆvMÔv‬ ev eZ©gvb †m›UwcUvm©evM©|
 g~jZ 1917 mv‡ji wecø‡e Rvi wØZxq wb‡Kvjvm KZ ©K 1905 mv‡ji nZ¨vKvÙ A_v©r eøvwW mvb‡W wbqvgK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
‽deªæqvwi wecø‽ei KviY:
 1914 mv‡j Dmgvbxq m¤ªv‡Rï Avwefv©‡ei mv‡_ ZzwK© m¤ªv‡Rï mv‡_ ivwkqvi evwYR¨ evavcÔvß nq| d‡j ivwkqvi
Avw_©K evwYR¨ evavcÔvß nq| d‡j ivwkqvq Avw_©K msKU †‬Lv †‬q|
 miKvi cÔ_g wek¦hy‡×i e¨q en‡bi Rb¨ cÔPzi cwigvb KvM‡Ri †bvU evRv‡i Qv‡o| d‡j gy‬ªvýxwZ Pvi¸b e…w× cvq|
 1914 mv‡ji cÔ_g wek¦hy‡× ivwkqv Rvgv©bxi cÿ †bq| hy‡× wZb eQ‡i 20 jvL ivwkqvb ˆmb¨ wbnZ I 50 jv‡LiI
†ewk AvnZ nq| ivwkqvi RbMb I ÿwZi Rb¨ wØZxq wb‡Kvjvm †K ‬vqx K‡i|
 wecø‽ei djvdj
mvaviY RbM‡bi mv‡_ GKvZœZv †NvlYv K‡i mvgwiK evwnbx| d‡j wØZxq wb‡Kvjvm ÿgZv Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| wØZxq
wb‡Kvjvm A¯'vqx miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i Ges miKvi cÔavb nq wcÔÜ jv‡fvf| mgvRZvš‫‫‬xiv Rvi wØZxq
wb‡Kvjvm‡K ¯^cwiev‡ii nZ¨v K‡i| GwcÖ‡j AšÍeZx© miKv‡ii cÖavb nb Av‡jKRvÛvi †K‡ibw¯‹| ‡K‡ibw¯‹ †P‡qwQ‡jb
ivwkqv‡K GKwU DbœZ, AvaywbK, cwðgvav‡Pi MYZvwš‫‫‬K †‬‡k cwibZ Ki‡Z| Zvui bxwZi g~j Aby‡cÖiYv wQ‡jv divwm
wecøe| eû AvBb cvm K‡i RbwcÔq n‡q I‡Vb †K‡ibw¯‹| RbwcÔqZvi †¯ªv‡Z fvmv †K‡ibw¯‹ wec‬ Av›‬vR Ki‡Z fyj
K‡iwQ‡jb|
hy‽×i cÿ ‽mbvcwZ
mvgëv` we‽ivax mvgëv`x evwnbx mvgëv` we‽ivax mvgëv`x evwnbx
‬wÿY †Kvwiqv DËi †Kvwiqv ix wmsg¨vb wK Bj-mvs
USA Pxb AvB‡RbnvIqvi gvI †mZzs
RvwZmsN ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ‡hv‡kd ¯Í¨vwjb
UK
 ‬yB †Kvwiqv‡K GKwÎZ Kivi GKwU D‡‬¨v‡Mi bvg njÑ mvbkvBb cwjwm|
 G cwjwmi cÔe³v ‬wÿY †Kvwiqvi †cÔwm‡W›UÑ wKg ‬v‡q Rs|
1. gvwK©b-wf‽qZbvg hy×:
 gvwK©m I wf‡qZbv‡gi gaëZ©x hy‡×i mgqKvj 1954-1973 mvj ch©šÍ|
 G hy‡× Av‡gwiKvi welv³ bv_vg †evgv eënvi K‡i, hv GKwU Rxevby A¯‫ |‫‬G hy‡× Av‡gwiKv †kvPbxq fv‡e civwRZ nq|
 1973 mv‡j c¨vwim Pzw³i gva¨‡g gvwK©b I wf‡qZbv‡gi hy× Gi Aemvb nq|
 1976 mv‡j ‬yB wf‡qZbvg GKwÎZ nq|
2. wKDevi wgmvBj msKU (1962)
 1959 mv‡j wd‡Wj Kv‡÷ªv wKDevq mvgRZ‡š‫‫‬i cÔwZôv K‡i| cyuwRev‬x †cÔwm‡W›U evwZ¯Ív‡K DrLvZ K‡ib|
 1962 mv‡j wKDevq wgmvBj msKU m…wó nq G mg‡q Av‡gwiKvi †cÔwm‡W›U wQ‡jb Rb.Gd. †K‡bwW †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbq‡bi †cÔwm‡W›U wQ‡jb- wbwKZv µz‡ðf|
 ¯œvqy hy‽×i Aemvb: †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi me©‡kl †cÔwm‡W›U wgLvBj Me©v‡Pf, Awfbœ BD‡ivc MV‡bi Rb¨ 1985 I
1986 mv‡j Møvmb¯Í (ivwkqvb kã hvi evsjv evsjv Ó†Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvÖ) Ges †ci¯‫‫‬BKv (ivwkqvb kã hvi evsjv
ÔDbœqb g~jK ms¯‹viÖ) bxwZ cÔeZ©b K‡ib| G bxwZi d‡j 25 wW‡m¤î 1991 mv‡j ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †f‡½ wM‡q
15wU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq Ges ¯œvqy hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U|
BmivB‽ji Rb¥ (1948) I cÕ_g Avie BmivBj hy×
Avie-BmivBj 1g hy× 1948 BmivBj-Avie †‬k wdwjw¯Íb gvZ f~wg nvivq, BmivB‡ji Rb¥
Avie-BmivBj 2q hy× 1956 BmivBj-wgki BmivBj wmbvB I my‡qR Lvj ‬Lj K‡i
Avie-BmivBj 3q hy× 1967 BmivBj-Avie †‬k Avj-AvKmv gmwR‬ AwMœ‬ , IAvBwmi Rb¥
Avie-BmivBj 4_© hy× 1973 BmivBj-RW©vb I wmwiqv ga¨cÔvP¨ †Zj Ae‡iva K‡i| Avie-BmivBj hy‡×i
gva¨‽g BmivBj cÕ¯ÍvweZ Avie iv‽óªi 40% f~wg `Lj K‽i ‼bq|
`vuZvZ
`vuZvZ ev Dentente n‡jv divwm kã hvi A_© D‡ËRbv cÔkgb| ¯œvqy hy×Kv‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I hy³iv‡óªi g‡a¨
D‡ËRbv cÔkg‡b †h mg‡SvZv nq Zv BwZnv‡m ‬vuZvZ bv‡g cwiwPZ| 1962 mvj †_‡K 1979 mvj ch©šÍ ‬vuZvZ Kvh©Ki
wQj| ‬vuZv‡Zi c‬‡ÿcmg~n wb¤œiƒcÑ
AvdMvwb¯Ív‽b Bmjvgx wecøe
 AvdMvwb¯Ív‽bi Bmjvgx wecø‽ei mgqKvj: 1973|
 djvdj: ivRZ‡š‫‫‬i cZb Ges Bmjvgx cÔRvZš‫ ‫‬Kv‡qg| Rwni kvn& BZvwj‡Z wbe©vwmZ, ‬vD‬ Lvb †cÔwm‡W›U|
Biv‽b Bmjvgx wecøe (1979)
1979 mv‽ji 16 Rvbyqvwi Biv‽bi m‽e©v”P ag©xq ‼bZv AvqvZzjøvn iæûjøvn ‼Lvwgwbi Kv‽Q Biv‽bi kvn ‼iRv cvnjvwfi
cZb Bmjvwg wecøe bv‽g cwiwPZ| 1953 mv‽ji Biv‽b AKíbxq DbœwZ n‽jI ZLbKvi kv‽ni ag© we‽ivax Kv‽Ri
Kvi‽Y RbMb ‼gv‽UI mš`ó wQ‽jv bv| ax‽i ax‽i mgv‽R Bmjvg we‽ivax Kvh©Kjvc Qwo‽q c‽o| GiB weiæ‽× Bbv‽bi
m‽e©v”P agx©q ‼bZv 1979 mv‽j wecø‽ei WvK ‼`b Ges G‽Z wZwb mdjI nb|
 Biv‽bi Bmjvgx wecø‽ei mgqKvj: 1979|
 djvdj: Bivb Bmjvgx cÔRvZ‡š‫ ‫‬cwiYZ nq, †iRv kvn& cvnjvwfi ivRZ‡š‫‫‬i cZb N‡U|
 Bmjvgx wecø‽ei ‽bZv: AvBZzjøvn& iûjyjøvn †Lv‡gwb|
GK bR‽i mvj wfwËK êwk¦K BwZnvm
1215 Bsj¨v‡Ùi ivRvMY KZ©…K g¨vMbvKvU©v ¯^vÿi
1338 Bsj¨vÙ I d«v‡Üi g‡a¨ 100 eQ‡ii (kZel© hy×) hy× ïiæ
1492 wµ‡÷vdvi Kj¤^vm AvUjvw›UK gnvmvMi AwZµg K‡i Av‡gwiKvq †cu×‡Qb
1498 cZz©MxR bvweK fv‡¯‹v-`v-Mvgv Avwd«Kv Ny‡i fviZ e‡l© AvMgb K‡ib
1600 B÷ BwÙqv †Kv¤úvwbi cÔwZôv jvf
1675 MÔxbDBP gvbgw›‬i cÔwZôv

1776 Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv
1780 1g fvm©vB Pzw³ ¯^vÿi
1789 divwm wecøe msNwUZ
1799 †b‡cvwjqv‡bi d«v‡Üi kvmbfvi MÔnY
1805 Bs‡iR I divmx‡‬i g‡a¨ UªvdvjMvi hy×
1815 IqvUvi jy hy×
1821 †b‡cvwjq‡bi g…Zz¨
1840 Bsj¨v‡Ù we‡k¦i cÔ_g WvKwU‡KU †cwbeøvK Pvjy
1854 wµwgqvi hy×
1861 Av‡gwiKvi M…nhy×/†MwUmevM© hy× ïiæ
1863 Aveªvnvg wjsKb KZ©…K gvwK©b ‬vm cÔ_v we‡jvc
1869 my‡qR Lvj D‡Øvab
1884 jÙ‡b we‡k¦i cÔ_g cvZvj‡ij wbg©vY
1896 MÔx‡m AvaywbK Awjw¤ú‡Ki cÔPjb
1901 †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cÔ‬vb ïiæ nq
1903 D‡ovRvnvR Avwe®‹vi
1909 DËi †giæ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib KgvÙvi wc‡q‡i
1910 gv‬vi †Z‡imvi Rš§
1912 ANC MwVZ, UvBUvwbK RvnvR wbgw¾Z nq; mvbBqvZ †m‡bi †bZ ‡Z Pxb cÔRvZš‫ ‫‬cÔwZôv
1913 Gwkqvq cÔ_g †bv‡ej weRqx iex›‬ªbv_ VvKzi; hy³iv‡ó«i †K›‬ªxq e¨vsK Ó†dvW‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷g, AvšÍR©vwZK
jb‡Uwbm †dWv‡ikb MwVZ n‡qwQj
1914 cvbvgv Lvj Lbb, cÖ_g wek¦hy× ïiæ
1917 hy³ivó« Rvg©vwbi weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv, iæk wecøe msNwUZ; †ej‡dvi †NvlYv, KvRx bRiæ‡ji wek¦hy‡× †hvM‬vb
1918 emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv hy‡Mv¯øvwfqvi AšÍfz©³ nq; e…‡U‡bi bvixi †fvUvwaKvi cvq, cÔ_g wek¦hy× mgvß
1919 2q fvm©vB Pzw³ ¯^vÿi
1920 hy³iv‡ó« gwnjviv †fvUvwaKvi cvb, League of nations Gi Rš§
1928 Awjw¤ú‡K gwnjviv me©cÔ_g Ask †bq; gv‬vi †Z‡imv fvi‡Z Av‡mb
1930 Diæ¸‡q cÔ_g wek¦Kvc dzUej AbywôZ nq
1933 GWjd wnUjvi Rvg©vwbi P¨v‡Üji nb
1937 gvqvbgvi fviZel© †_‡K Avjv‬v nq
1939 wØZxq wek¦hy× ïiæ
1941 7 wW‡m¤î Rvcvb cvj© nvievi AvµgY K‡i Ges GKB Zvwi‡L 2q wek¦hy‡× gvwK©b hy³ivó« mivmwi †hvM †‬q; jÙb
†NvlYv, AvUjvw›UK mb‬|
1945 6 I 9 AvM÷ Uª~g¨v‡bi wb‡‬©‡k wn‡ivwkgv I bvMvmvwK‡Z †evgv wb‡ÿc; 14 AvM÷ 2q wek¦hy‡×i mgvwß, 24
A‡±vei RvwZmsN cÖwZwôZ nq, Avie jxM MVb
1948 gvqvbgv‡ii ¯^vaxbZv jvf, BmivBj iv‡ó«i Rš§, cÔ_g Avie-BmivBj hy×, gv‬vi †Z‡imv fvi‡Zi bvMwiKZ cvb, 4
†deªæqvwi kÖxjsKvi ¯^vaxbZv jvf, UN cÖ_g wgkbÑ UNTSO cwiPvwjZ (wdwjw¯Í‡b)
1949 MYcÔRvZš‫‫‬x Px‡bi cÔwZôv, †R‡bfv Kb‡fbkb ¯^vÿwiZ
1950 fviZ cÔRvZ‡š‫ ‫‬cwiYZ nq, gv‬vi †Z‡imv KZ©…K Ówgkbvix Ae P¨vwiwURÖ cÔwZwôZ nq
1952 wgk‡i ivRZ‡š‫‫‬i Aemvb, MYZvwš‫‫‬K Rvcv‡bi cÔwZôv
1953 GWgÙ wnjvix I †ZbwRs †kicv cÔ_g Gfv‡i÷ Rq
1955 b¨vg MV‡bi j‡ÿ¨ ev›‬ys m‡¤§jb
1956 wØZxqevi Avie-BmivBj hy×; my‡qR Lvj RvZxqKiY Kiv nq; cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÔ_g msweavb iPbv, IFC MVb
1958 NASA cÖwZwôZ nq
1961 `yB Rvg©vwb c…_KxKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ c~e© Rvg©vwb KZ©…K evwj©b cÔvPxi wbg©vY; ‬wÿY Avwd«Kvi ¯^vaxbZv jvf, `wÿY Avwd«Kvi
KgbI‡qj_ Z¨vM; cÔ_g b¨vg m‡¤§jb-†ej‡MÔW, BDwi M¨vMvwi‡bi cÔ_g gnvKvk ågY
1962 hy³iv‡ó« wKDevi Dci Ae‡iva (†njm& evU©b G¨v±) Av‡ivc K‡i; gvqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK kvmb ïiæ nq
1964 wcGjI MwVZ nq
1967 3q evi Avie-BmivBj hy×, gvwK©b hy³ivó« KZ©…K Avjv¯‹v cÔ‡‬k µq, wecøex †bZv †P-¸‡qfviv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq
1969 20 RyjvB bxj Avg©÷ªs cÔ_g Puv‡‬i ey‡K cv iv‡L
1972 IqvUvi †MU †K‡jsKvix, wmgjv Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ
1973 PZz_©evi Avie-BmivBj hy×, c¨vwim kvwšÍ Pzw³i gva¨‡g wf‡qZbvg hy‡×i Aemvb
1978 eY©ev‬ I eY©‪elg¨ †gvKv‡ejvq cÔ_g wek¦ m‡¤§jb nq, K¨v¤ú †WwfU Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ, cÔ_g †U÷wUDU †ewei Rš§
1979 Biv‡b Bmjvgx wecøe msNwUZ nq
1983 kÔxjsKvq M…nhy× ïiæ nq, e…wUk ivYx 2q GwjRv‡e_ evsjv‡‬k md‡i Av‡mb
1985 Møv¯Í‡b¯Í I †c‡i¯‫‫‬BKv bxwZi cÔeZ©b, gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«i BD‡b‡¯‹v Z¨vM
1986 26 GwcÔj BD‡µ‡bi †Pi‡bvwej cvigvYweK ‬~N©Ubv N‡U
1988 As mvb mywPi ivR‪bwZK ‬j Gb.Gj.wW MwVZ nq, 15 b‡f¤î ¯^vaxb wdwjw¯Íb ivó« †NvlYv; MIGA MVb
1990 3 A‡±vei, ‬yB Rvg©vbx GKwÎZ nq, †bjmb g¨v‡Ùjvi Kvivgyw³
1991 †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wejyß nq, As mvb mywPi †bv‡ej jvf
1993 ivwkqvi bZzb msweavb Pvjy, wc.Gj.I-BmivBj kvwšÍ Pzw³
1995 emwbqv msµvšÍ †WUb kvwšÍ Pzw³
1997 nsKs Px‡bi mv‡_ GKÎxf‥Z nq, gv‬vi †Z‡imvi g…Zz¨
1998 IqvB wifvi kvwšÍPzw³
1999 GKK gy‬ªv BD‡iv Pvjy nq, g¨vKvI Px‡bi mv‡_ GKÎxf‥Z nq
2001 UzBb UvIqv‡ii aÝsm (11 †m‡Þ¤î), eY©ev‬ I eY©‪elg¨ we‡ivax 2q m‡¤§jb ‬wÿY Avwd«Kvi Wviev‡b
2002 c~e© wZgy‡ii ¯^vaxbZv jvf, RvwZms‡N myBRvij¨v‡Ùi AšÍf©y³ nq, cÔ_g †K¬vb wkïi Rš§
2003 hy‡Mv¯øvwfqvi wejywß, Biv‡K B½-gvwK©b nvgjv, gvnvw_i †gvnv¤§‬ †¯^‧Qvq ÿgZv Z¨vM K‡ib, AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vjZ
(ICC) Gi hvÎv ïiæ
2004 fqven mybvwg AvNvZ nv‡b
2005 hy³iv‡ó« fqven So K¨vUwibv AvNvZ nv‡b
2006 Rvg©vwb‡Z 18Zg wek¦Kvc dzUej AbywôZ nq, SAFTA Pzw³ Kvh©Ki
2007 I‡q÷ BwÙ‡R 9g wek¦Kvc wµ‡KU AbywôZ, RvwZmsN gnvmwPe wn‡m‡e evb wK gyb -Gi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
2008 Px‡b 29Zg Awjw¤úK †Mgm& AbywôZ I †¯Øvevj wR‡iv Pvjy, K‡mv‡fv Gi ¯^vaxbZv jvf
2009 Bsj¨v‡Ù wØZxq Uz‡qw›U-Uz‡qw›U wek¦Kvc wµ‡KU AbywôZ nq
2010 `wÿY Avwd«Kvq 19Zg dzUej wek¦Kvc AbywôZ nq
2011 Avie em‡šÍi m~ÎcvZ|
2012 30Zg jÙb Awjw¤úK †Mgm& AbywôZ nq
2013 5 wW‡m¤î †bjmb g¨v‡Ùjvi g…Zz¨
2014 20Zg wddv dzUej wek¦Kvc eªvwR‡j AbywôZ nq
2015 11Zg AvBwmwm wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc-2015 AbywôZ nq
wewmGm mn Ab¨vb¨ cixÿvi cÕkœ

1. wØZxq gnvhy‽× Rvg©vwb AvZ¥mgc©Y K‽i Ñ [10Zg wewmGm] N. g¨vwR‡bv jvBb ‬y‡f©‬¨Zv bxwZ DËi: K
K. 1942 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m 11. wØZxq wek¦hy‽×i mgq ivwkqvi ‼cÕwm‽W›U wQ‽jb?
L. 1943 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m K. ÷¨vwjb L. †jwbb
M. 1945 mv‽ji ‼g gv‽m M. iæR‡fë N.wnUjvi DËi: K
N. 1945 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m DËi: M 12. Rvcvb gvwK©b ‽bØ-NvuwU cvj© nvievi AvµgY K‽i KZ
2. wn‽ivwkgvq GUg ‼evgv ‼djv n‽qwQjÑ [10Zg wewmGm] mv‽j?
K. 1945 mv‽ji AvM÷ gv‽m K. 1940 L. 1941
L. 1945 mv‡ji †g gv‡m M. 1942 N. 1943 DËi: L
M. 1944 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m
13. wØZxq gnvhy‽×i ïiæ‽Z weª‽U‽bi cÕavbgš¿x ‼K wQ‽jb?
N. 1944 mv‡ji AM÷ gv‡m DËi: K
K. GUwj L. PvwP©j
3. wØZxq wek¦hy× K‽e ïiæ nq?
M. ‼P¤^vi‽jb N. MøvW÷b DËi: M
K. 1945 mv‡j L. 1944 mv‡j
14. wØZxq wek¦hy‽× cvj© nvievi AvµgY K‽iwQj ‼Kvb ‼`k?
M. 1939 mv‽j N. 1942 mv‡j DËi: M
K. ivwkqv L. BZvwj
4. cÕ_g wek¦hy× KZ mv‽j ‼kl nq? M. Rvg©vwbÔ N. Rvcvb DËi: N
K. 1914 L. 1916
15. wnUjvi KZ…©K ‼Kvb ‼`k AvµgY wØZxq gnvhy‽×i
M. 1945 N. 1918 DËi: N
cÖZ¨ÿ KviY?
5. cÕ_g wek¦hy× Avi¤¢ nq ‼Kvb mv‽j? K. Aw÷ªqv L. †P‡Kv‡¯øvfvwKqv
K. 1914 L. 1915 M. ivwkqv N. ‼cvj¨vÛ DËi: N
M. 1939 N. 1941 DËi: K
16. wØZxq wek¦hy‽×i mgq ‼Kvwiqv wb‽Pi ‼Kvb ‼`‽ki
6. Rvcb KZ mv‽j cvj© nvievi AvµgY K‽i? Aax‽b wQj?
K. 15 AvM÷, 1945 L. 7 wW‽m¤î, 1941 K. hy³ivóª L. Rvcvb
M. 14 †d«eªæqvwi, 1941 N. 7 †g, 1945 DËi: L M. Pxb N. ivwkqv DËi: L
7. cÕ_g wek¦hy× PjvKvjxb ‼ej‽dvi ‼NvlYv 1917 Gi 10. ‼n‽jbw÷K mf¨Zv
g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wQjÑ  †n‡jbw÷K mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj Ñ wgk‡ii Av‡jKRvw›‬ªqvq|
K. Rvg©vwbi weiæ‡× wgÎ kw³i bZzb †K×kj Aej¤^b  †n‡jbw÷K mf¨Zvi DrcwË I weKv‡k cÔavb f~wgKv cvjb
L. RvwZcyÃ m…wó Kiv K‡ibÑ g¨vwm‡Wwb AwacwZ Av‡jKRvÙvi ‬¨ †MÔU|
M. A‡Uvg¨vb‡‬i RvqMv ‬Lj Kiv  Av‡jKRvÙv‡ii ivRZKvjÑ wLª÷c~e© 336-323 mvj ch©šÍ
N. Bûw`‽ì Rb¨ GKwU RvwZ ivóª MVb DËi: N  †n‡jwbw÷K mf¨Zv †h †h AÂ‡j we¯Í Z Ñ wgki, Gwkqvi gvBbi,
wMÔm I g¨vwm‡Wvwbqvmn Av‡jKRvÙv‡ii mgMÔ AÂj|
8. wn‽ivwkgvq wbwÿß ‼evgvi bvg wK?  †n‡jwbw÷K mf¨Zvi wejywß N‡UÑ wLª÷c~e© 31 A‡ã|
K. ¯‹vW L. †W÷ªqvi 11. ‼ivgvb mf¨Zv
M. wjUj eq N. c¨vwUªqU DËi: M  wLª÷ag©‡K †iv‡gi ivóªa‡g©i gh©v‬v †‬b Ñ Kb÷vbUvBb|
9. ÔwW-‽W×i m‽½ mswkøó-  †ivgvb‡‬i me‡P‡q eo K wZZ Ñ AvB‡bi †ÿ‡Î|
K. cÖ_g wek¦hy× L. wØZxq wek¦hy×  me©cÔ_g m¤ú~Y© †ivgvb AvBb msKjb K‡ibÑ Rvw÷wbqvb
M. AvdMvb hy× N. wf‡qZbvg hy× DËi: L  †iv‡gi cÔavb †‬eZvi bvg Ñ RywcUi|
10. wnUjv‽ii ‼mbvevwnbx ‼Kvb iYbxwZi Kvi‽Y PgKcÕ`  †iv‡gi A_©bxwZ wbf©ikxj wQj Ñ ‬vm kª‡gi Ici|
 †iv‡g wjLb c×wZ ïiæ nq Ñ 450 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
weRq jvf K‽i wØZxq wek¦hy‽×i cÕ_g bq gv‽m
 †ivgvb AvBb msKwjZ nq Ñ 450 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
wb‽R‽ì Ae¯’vb `„p K‽i?  †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï cZb N‡U Ñ 476 wLª÷v‡ã|
K. weªmwµM iYbxwZ L. †b× Ae‡iva iYbxwZ  †iv‡g ‬vmZ cÔ_vi we‡jvc mvwaZ nq Ñ AMv÷v‡mi mg‡q|
M. kµ‡K †avKvq ivLvi iYbxwZ

 †ivg bMixi bvgKiY Kiv nq Ñ j¨vwUb ivRv  me©cÔ_g cvwbi mvnv‡h¨ †mP c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡iÑ BbKviv
†ivwg‡Ævjv‡mi bvgvbymv‡i|  BbKv mvgªv‡Rï miKvwi bvg wQj Ñ Kz¨qPzqv|
12. BbKv mf¨Zv  msL¨v MYbv Ges bw_fy³ Kivi Rb¨ eëüZ c×wZi bvg Ñ BbKviv|
 BbKv mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj Ñ ‬wÿY Av‡gwiKvq|  BbKv mf¨Zvi wejywß N‡UÑ †lvok kZvãx‡Z|
 BbKv mf¨Zvi ¯'cwZ Ñ gvb‡Kv Kv‡cb|  AvRI BbKv mf¨Zvi aÿsmve‡kl †‬Lv hvqÑ gvPzwcPz‡Z|
13. gvqv mf¨Zv (wLª÷vc~e© 2600Ñ900 wLª÷vã)

 c…w_exi Ab¨Zg cÔvPxb mf¨Zv gvqv mf¨Zv|
 gvqv mf¨Zvi we¯Í wZ wQj mgMÔ ga¨ Av‡gwiKv I ‡gw•‡Kv‡Z| eZ©gvb †gw•‡Kv, ¸‡q‡Zgvjv, mvjfv‬i, †ewjR I
nÙzivm wQj G mf¨Zvi cxV¯'vb|
 gvqv mf¨Zv we‡k¦i me©v‡cÿv NbemwZc~Y© mf¨Zv|
wP‽Pb BrRv t
 cÖvK Kjw¤^qvb mg‡qi gvqv mf¨Zv GKwU GKwU eo kni wQj wP‡Pb BrRv|
 GB cÔv‪MwZnvwmK kniwU BD‡bv‡¯‹v †NvwlZ wek¦ HwZnëvnx ¯'vb wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
 ÓwP‡Pb BrRvÖ †gw•‡Kvi me‡P‡q ‬k©bxq ¯'vb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK Z|
14. AvR‽UK mf¨Zv
 A‡cÿvK…Z Kg cyivZb mf¨Zv n‡‧Q Ñ A¨vR‡UK mf¨Zv| gvqv mf¨Zvi cZ‡bi K‡qK kZvãx ci G mf¨Zv m…wó nq|
 mgq: 1345 wLª÷vã Ñ 1521 wLª÷vã
 eZ©gvb ¯'vb: †gw•‡Kv
AvR‽UK HwZn¨t
Ó†gw•‡Kvi IRvKv bMix Ö, Óg‡›U A¨vjevbÖ I ÓKzBjvcvbÖ A¨R‡UK mf¨Zvi cÔZœZvwËK wb‬k©b †h¸‡jv 1986 mv‡j wek¦
HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq|
mswÿß BwZnvmt
‡gw•‡Kv AÃ‡j wQj A¨vR‡UK RvwZ‡‬i emevm| Zviv cÔ_gw‬‡K hvhvei RvwZ wQj| 1345 mv‡j Zviv bZzb emwZ
¯'vcb K‡i †jK †U•‡Kv‡Kvi GK †QvÆ Øx‡c| GLv‡b µ‡g Zviv †h bMi M‡o †Zv‡j Zvi bvg †UK‡bvwUUjvb| GwU
†lvok kZ‡Ki GK AZzjbxq bMi| G bMiwUi we¯Ívi wQj 13 wK‡jvwgUvi| Øx‡c Aew¯'Z e‡j g~jf~wgi m‡½ bMiwUi
A‡bK¸‡jv †mZz wQj| GB bM‡ii a¦s‡mi IciB M‡o D‡V‡Q AvR‡Ki †gw•‡Kvi ivRavbx †gw•‡Kv wmwU|
 A¨vR‡UKiv ¯^M©-biKI g…Zyï ci cybiæÐv‡b wek¦vm Ki‡Zv|
 A¨vR‡UK‡‬i cÔavb K wlR cY¨ wQj Ñ f~Æv|
 Zv‡‬i g~j †‬eZv wQj Ñ m~h©‡‬eZv|
 ¯ú¨vwbk‡‬i AvMg‡bi c~e© chšÍ GwU GKwU kw³kvjx mf¨Zv wn‡m‡e cÔwZôv cvq|
 c‡bik kZ‡K ¯ú¨vwbk‡‬i AvMg‡bi ci G mf¨Zv aÝsk nq|
µg ivóª µg ivóª µg ivóª
1 ivwkqvÑ g‡¯‹v 6 RwR©qvÑ wZewjwm 11 KvRvL¯ÍvbÑ byi myjZvb
2 ‡ejviækÑ wgb¯‹ 7 G‡¯ÍvwbqvÑ Zvwjøb 12 wKiwMR¯ÍvbÑ wek‡KK
3 gj‡‬vfvÑ wKwk‡bf 8 wj_yqvwbqvÑ wfjwbqvm 13 ZvwRwK¯ÍvbÑ ‬ykvb‡e
4 AvRvievBRvbÑ evKz 9 jvUwfqvÑ wiMv 14 DR‡ewK¯ÍvbÑ ZvmL›‬
5 Av‡g© w bqvÑ B‡q‡ifb 10 BD‡µbÑ wK‡qf 15 ZzK©‡gwb¯ÍvbÑ AvkLvev‬
ga¨ Gwkqv

 ga¨ Gwkqvi: ivó« 6wU|
KvRvL¯Ívb DR‡ewK¯Ívb ZvwRwK¯Ívb wKiwMR¯Ívb ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb AvRvievBRvb
mv‽eK hy‽Mv¯øvwfqv
1992 mv‡j hy‡Mv¯øvwfqv †f‡½ hvq| 7wU iv‡óªi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q:
µg ivóª µg ivóª µg ivóª
1 mvwe©qvÑ †ej‡MÔW 3 ‡µv‡qwkqvÑ RvM‡ie 5 gw›Uwb‡MÔvÑ †cvW‡MvwiKv
2 ‡køv‡fwKqvÑ jyeRvb 4 ‡gwm‡WvwbqvÑ †¯‹vcwR 6 K‡mv‡fvÑ wcÔw÷bv
¯‹¨vwÛ‽bwfqvb AÂj
G AÂ‽ji we‽kl êwkó¨: ¯‹¨vwÙ‡bwfqvb AÂj BD‡iv‡ci me‡P‡q eo Dc-Øxc| BD‡iv‡ci DËi DcK‥‡j Aew¯'Z nIqvq
eQ‡i 9 gvm eidv‧Qbœ _v‡K|
 ¯‹¨vwÛ‽bwfqvb AÂj : ivó« 5wU|
 g‽b ivLvi ‼KØkj: wd ‡W Avmyb|
wd = wdbj¨vÛ †W = †WbgvK© Av = AvBmj¨vÛ my = myB‡Wb b = biI‡q
 emevmKvix DcRvwZi bvg: Gw¯‹‡gv|
 we‽kl N‽ii bvg: BMjy
 G AÂ‽ji Rj`my¨: fvBwKs|
 gy`ªv: wdbj¨v‡Ùi BD‡iv, evwK 4wU †‬‡ki gy‬ªv †µvbv|
ejKvb AÂj
 ejKvb AÂj : ejKvb, BD‡ivc gnv‡‬‡ki cve©Z¨ AÂj| ejKvb AÂ‡ji ivó«: 12wU|
†µv‡qwkqv wMÖm gw›Uwb‡MÔv mvwe©qv †gwm‡Wvwbqv eyj‡Mwiqv
ewmwbqv ‡køvfvwKqv †ivgvwbqv Avj‡ewbqv K‡mv‡fv nv‡½ix
evwëK AÂj
 evwëK ivó« : evwëK BD‡iv‡ci GKwU mvMi| evwëK mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x 3wU ivó« wb‡q evwëK AÂj MwVZ|
 g‽b ivLvi ‼KØkj: G wj jv| G = G‡¯Ívwbqv wj = wj_ywbqv jv = jvUwfqv
 B‽›`vPxb ej‽qi ivó« : 3wU| me¸‡jv d«v‡Üi Dcwb‡ek wQj|
K‡¤^vwWqv wf‡qZbvg jvIm
 ‼m‽fb wm÷vm©: fvi‡Zi DËi-c~e© AÂ‡ji 7wU ¯^vaxbZvKvgx ivR¨‡K GK‡Î †m‡fb wm÷vm© ejv nq|
Avmvg †gNvjq wÎcyiv wg‡Rvivg gwbcyi bvMvj¨vÛ AiæYvPj
 ‼Mv‽ìb Uªv‽q½j : Avwdg Drcv‬‡b kxl© 3wU ivó«| g‽b ivLvi ‼KØkj: gv _v jv
gv = gvqvbgvi _v = _vBj¨vÛ jv = jvIm|
B‽›`v-c¨vwmwdK ÷ª¨v‽UwR XvKvi mn‽hvwMZv Pvq hy³ivóª
 15 A‡±vie, 2020 XvKv md‡i Avmv gvwK©b Dc-ciivóªgš‫‫‬x w÷‡db weMvb Zvu‡‬i fviZ-cÔkvšÍ gnvmvMixq †K×k‡j
(B‡›‬v-c¨vwmwdK ÷ª¨v‡UwR-AvBwcGm) evsjv‡‬k‡K cv‡k †P‡q‡Qb|
 ‬wÿY Gwkqvi †‬k¸‡jv‡Z Px‡bi µgea©gvb Dcw¯'wZ †ek wKQzw‬b a‡iB wPwšÍZ K‡i Zz‡jwQj hy³ivóª‡K| MvjIqvb
DcZ¨Kvq cÔK Z wbqš‫‫‬Y‡iLv wb‡q fvi‡Zi m‡½ Px‡bi msNvZ, ‡KvwfW-19 gnvgvwi wb‡q Px‡bi Dcw¯'wZ‡Z
hy³iv‡óªi ‬ywðšÍv AviI evwo‡q‡Q| ZvQvov ‡mbKvKz Øxc wb‡q Rvcvb mvM‡i mv¤úªwZK D‡ËRbv; ZvBIqvb,
wRbwRqvs I nsKs D‡ËRbv; A‡÷ªwjqvi A_©‪bwZK wb‡lavÁv BZ¨vw‬ fvwe‡q Zzj‡Q hy³ivóª‡K| GB me D‡ËRbv
Avi P¨v‡jÃ hy³ivóªmn G AÂ‡ji A‡bK †‬k‡K mZK© K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| w÷‡db weMvb e‡jb, Õhy³iv‡óªi †K×kjMZ
mn‡hvwMZvi D‡‬¨vM AvBwcG‡m evsjv‡‬k‡K Zvuiv †‬L‡Z AvMÔnx|Ò
 Px‡bi †eë A¨vÙ †ivW weAviAvB (AÂj I c_) D‡‬¨v‡M evsjv‡‬k 2016 mv‡j Pzw³ mB‡qi gva¨‡g hy³ n‡q‡Q|
Avi hy³ivóª AvBwcG‡m †hvM w‬‡Z 2018 mv‡ji ïiæ †_‡KB evsjv‡‬k‡K Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| MZ ‡c×‡b ‬yB
eQ‡i hy³ivóª wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Av‡jvPbvq welqwU Zz‡j‡Q| me‡k‡l MZ 11 †m‡Þ¤î, 2020 gvwK©b cÔwZiÿvgš‫‫‬x gvK©
GmcviI cÔavbgš‫‫‬x †kL nvwmbvi m‡½ †Uwj‡dv‡b ‬yB †‬‡ki m¤úK© wb‡q A‡jvPbv K‡ib| ‡mB Av‡jvPbv‡ZI
AvBwcGm wb‡q K_v e‡jb wZwb|
AvBwcGm n‽”Q G AÂ‽ji kvwšÍ I w¯'wZkxjZvi GKwU iƒcKí| GUv ‼Kv‽bv ‽`k‽K jÿë¯`‽Z cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ nqwb|
evsjv‽`k wb‽Ri mve©‽fŠgZ¡ eRvq ‼i‽L A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‽bi ¯^v‽_©B GB ‼KŠk‽j ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‽Z cv‽i|
B‽›`v-c¨vwmwdK ‽KØkj wb‽q evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb
 GKw‬‡K Px‡bi Ó†eë GÙ †ivW Bwbwk‡qwUfÖ Ab¨w‬‡K hy³ivóª -fviZ-Rvcv‡bi ÓB‡›‬v-c¨vwmwdK ÷ª¨v‡UwRÖ wb‡q
GK ai‡bi A¯^w¯Í‡Z wQ‡jv evsjv‡‬k| KviY hy³ivóª-Pxb Df‡q evsj‡‬‡ki fv‡jv eÚz| evsjv‡‬‡ki ciivóªbxwZi
êwkó¨ n‡‧Q, GKwU †‬‡ki w‬‡K AwZwi³ Szu‡K bv cov|
 ‬xN©w‬b a‡i G †K×k‡j evsjv‡‬k‡K cv‡k _vKvi Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Q IqvwksUb| evsjv‡‬k Aeva I gy³ Ges GKB
m‡½ AšÍfy©w³g~jK, kvwšÍc~Y© Ges myiwÿZ GKwU B‡›‬v-c¨vwmwdK AÂj Pvq|
 cÔm½Z, fviZ gnvmvM‡i †gwiUvBg †Wv‡gBb wdDkb †m›Uvi cÔwZôv Ki‡Z AvMÔnx hy³ivóª| hv B‡›‬v-c¨vwmwdK
†K×k‡ji GKwU Ask| G †m›Uv‡i ‡hvM w‬‡Z evsjv‡‬k‡K cÔ¯Íve w‬‡q‡Q gvwK©b ciivóª ‬dZi|
 Z‡e G AÂ‡ji kw³ai ivóª Pxb fviZ gnvmvMi‡K †K›‬ª K‡i hy³iv‡óªi Gme Kg©m~wP‡K GK ai‡bi Aeiæ× Kivi
cÔqvm wn‡m‡e †‬L‡Q|
 we‡køl‡Kiv e‡j‡Qb, Pxb evsjv‡‬‡ki Ab¨Zg eÚy ivóª nIqvq m¤ú‡K©i fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡iB G‡Mv‡‧Q evsjv‡‬k|
wReywZ
ÔAvwd«Kvi k„½Õ (Horn fo Africa) AÂ‽j Aew¯'Z ÿz`ª ivóª wReywZ| gvÎ 23,200 eM© wK. wg. AvqZbwewkó wReywZ
AvqZ‽bi w`K ‼_‽K Avwd«Kvi Z…Zxq ÿz`ªZg ivóª| gvÎ 9 jvL 22 nvRvi RbmsL¨vwewkó GB ivóªwU RbmsL¨vi w`K
‼_‽K Avwd«Kv gnv‽`‽ki g~j f~L‽Ði ÿz`ªZg ivóª| Bmjvg wReywZi ivóªag©, Ges ‼`kwUi cÖvq 94% Awaevmx gymwjg|
RvwZMZfv‽e, wReywZi Awaevmx‽ì g‽a¨ 60% ‼mvgvwj, 35% Avdvi Ges 5% Ab¨vb¨ RvwZfz³| ivóªwUi miKvwi I
fvlv divwm I Aviwe, Ges RvZxq fvlv ‼mvgvwj I Avdvi| wReywZ d«v‽Þi GKwU Dcwb‽ek wQj, Ges 1977 mv‽j
d«v‽Þi KvQ ‼_‽K ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‽i|
weMZ cÕkœ:
01. Pxb wb‡Pi †Kvb Avwd«Kvb †‬kwU‡Z mvgwiK NuvwU ¯'vc‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q? DËi: wReywZ‽Z [40 Zg wewmGm]
02. Avwd«Kvi †Kvb †‬‡k Px‡bi mvgwiK NvuwU i‡q‡QÑ wReywZ (Xvwe: 2018-19 N ÔBDwbUÕ)
AvšÍR©vwZK wbivcËv: we‽kî wewfbœ ivóª ‼Kb wReywZ‽Z mvgwiK NvuwU ¯’vcb Ki‽Q
 ÿz‬ª GB Av‡d«v-Avie ivóªwU Ab¨vb¨ w‬K †_‡K Z Zxq we‡kî Ab¨ ivóª¸‡jvi g‡ZvB, wKš` GKwU welq ivóªwU‡K we‡kî Ab¨vb¨
ivóª †_‡K c…_K K‡i‡Q| †mwU n‡‧Q ivóªwU‡Z wewfbœ †‬‡ki mvgwiK Dcw¯'wZ| Kvh©Z, wReywZ‡Z hZ¸‡jv iv‡óª mvgwiK NvuwU
i‡q‡Q, we‡kî Ab¨ †Kv‡bv iv‡óª ZZ¸‡jv iv‡óªi mvgwiK NvuwU †bB| we‡kî e„nr I AvÂwjK kw³¸‡jv †jvwnZ mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x
GB ÿz`ªivóªwU‡Z mvgwiK NvuwU ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ LyeB Drmvnx| eZ©gv‡b wReywZ‡Z gvwK©b hy³ivóª, d«vÝ, Rvg©vwb, †¯úb, BZvwj,
Rvcvb, Pxb I †mŠw` Avi‡ei mvgwiK NvuwU ev mvgwiK Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q Ges fwel¨‡Z Av‡iv wKQz ivóªI wReywZ‡Z mvgwiK NvuwU
¯'vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 wReywZ d«v‡Ýi GKwU Dcwb‡ek wQj, Ges ivóªwU‡Z ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ciI d«vÜ †mLv‡b Zv‡‬i we¯Í Z mvgwiK Dcw¯'wZ eRvq
†i‡L‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wReywZ‡Z Aew¯'Z divwm mvgwiK NvuwU †Kej divwm ˆmbïvB bq, Rvg©vb I †¯úbxq ˆmbïvI eënvi K‡i|
2001 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi †bZ ‡Z Ó‪ewk^K mš‫‫‬vmwe‡ivax hy×Ö (Global War on Terror) Avi¤ nIqvi eQi ‬y‡qK c‡i
2003 mv‡j hy³ivóª wReywZ‡Z mvgwiK NvuwU ¯'vcb K‡i| Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k hy³iv‡óªi e„nËg mvgwiK NvuwU wReywZ‡Z Aew¯’Z|
NvuwUwU‡Z gvwK©b †¯úkvj †dvm©, Rw½wegvb, †nwjKÞvi I †Wªvbeni †gvZv‡qbK Z i‡q‡Q, Ges GwU gvwK©b mkmš‫‫‬evwnbxi
ÓAvwd«Kv KvgvÙÖi (Awd«Kg) †K›‬ª| GQvov BZvwjI wReywZ‡Z GKwU mvgwiK NvuwU ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| A_©¨r, b¨v‡Uv †Rv‡Uvi 5wU
m`m¨ ivóª wReywZ‡Z mvgwiK Dcw¯’wZ eRvq †i‡L P‡j‡Q|
 2011 mv‡j RvcvbI wReywZi wReywZ-Av¤^ywj AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡i GKwU mvgwiK NvuwU ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q, Ges GwU wØZxq
wek^hy‡×i ci ewnwe©‡k^ Rvcv‡bi cÖ_g mvgwiK NvwuU| 2017 mv‡j Pxb wReywZ‡Z GKwU mvgwiK NvuwU ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| Aek¨
Pxbviv G‡K mvgwiK NvuwU wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i bv, eis GKwU Ómieivn NvuwUÖ wn‡m‡e AL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q| Pxbv ‡b×evwnbx GB
NvuwU eënvi K‡i _v‡K, Ges Pxbviv NvuwUi cvkvcvwk wReywZ‡Z mvgwiK I †K×kjMZ w‬K †_‡K ¸iæZc~Y© AeKvVv‡gv (†hgb:
bZzb e›‬i, †ijc_, cvwb mieivn eë¯'v, R¦vjvwb cwienb eë¯'v cÔf wZ) wbg©vY Ki‡Q| me©‡kl 2020 mv‡j †mŠw` Avie
wReywZ‡Z GKwU mvgwiK NvuwU wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ †`kwUi m‡½ Pzw³e× n‡q‡Q| Gi evB‡i ivwkqv I mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ wReywZ‡Z
mvgwiK NvuwU ¯'vc‡bi B‧Qv cÔKvk K‡iwQj, wKš` bvbv Kvi‡Y †m¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb nqwb|
Aa¨vqÑ 03 : we‽k¦i mv¤úªwZK I Pjgvb NUbvcÖevn
G Aa¨vq ‼_‽K weMZ (35ZgÑ40Zg) wewmGm cÕkœt
1. Ô`¨v AvBwWqv Ae Rvw÷mÕ-MÕ‽š’i iPwqZv ‼K? DËi: AgZ¨©© †mb [40Zg]
2. kÕxjsKvi ‼Kvb mgy`ªe›ì Px‽bi wbKU 99 eQ‽ii Rb¨ wjR ‼`qv n‽q‽Q? DËi: nv¤^vb‽UvUv [40Zg]
3. cvwK¯Ívb wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥‽ii ‼Kvb As‽k fviZ m¤úªwZ (‼deªæqvwi, 2019) wegvb nvgjv cwiPvjbv K‽i? DËi:
evjv‽KvU [40Zg]
4. Pxb ‼Kvb Avwd«Kvb ‼`kwU‽Z mvgwiK NuvwU ¯’vc‽bi gva¨‽g ‼KØkjMZ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‽i‽Q? DËi: wReywZ [40Zg]
5. 92 eQi eqmx gvj‽qwkqvi cÕavbgš¿x gvnvw_i ‼gvnv¤§‽ì ivR‰bwZK ‼RvU n‽”QÑ DËi: cvKvZvb-nvivcvb [39Zg]
6. eZ©gvb we‽k¦ ÔwbD wmé ‼ivW× Gi cÕe³v Ñ DËi: Pxb [we¯ÍvwiZ Pxb cwiwPwZ‽Z co※b] [35Zg]
7. fvi‽Zi cÕavbgš¿x b‽i›`ª ‼gvwì kc_MÕnY Abyôv‽bi mvK© AÂ‽ji evwn‽i Avgwš¿Z iv‽óªi msL¨vÑ DËi: 1 [gwikvm] [35Zg]
gvwK©b gnvKvk evwnbx
 gvwK©b mvgwiK evnxwbi lô kvLv: gnvKvk evwnbx (wegvb evwnbxi Aax‡b KvR Ki‡e)|
 mì `ßi: †c›UvMb, IqvwksUb wWwm, hy³ivóª|
 KvR: kZvwaK gvwK©b m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv, gnvKv‡k †hvMv‡hvM I ch©‡eÿY|
 eZ©gv‽b gwK©b mvgwiK evwnbxi 5wU kvLv: †mbv, †b×, wegvb, †gwib I DcK~jxq evwnbx|
‰ewPÎ¨gq ivRavbx 2021
Iqvì© eyK K¨vwcUvj wZewjwm, RwR©qv
BD‡ivcxq mvs¯‹ wZK ivRavbx †bvwf mv‬, mvwe©qv
Avie mv¯‹ wZK ivRavbx BiweW, RW©vb
BD‡ivcxq meyR ivRavbx jvnwZ, wdbj¨vÛ
BD‡ivcxq hye iRavbx K¬vB‡cWv, wj_ywbqv
BD‡ivcxq µxov ivRavbx wjmeb, cZz©Mvj
Bmjvgx mvs¯‹ wZK ivRavbx †‬vnv, KvZvi; Bmjvgvev‬, cvwK¯Ívb I evbRyj, Mvw¤^qv|
Uªv‽¤úi Awfksmb
hy³iv‡óªi BwZn‡m cÔ_g †cÔwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv Ks‡Mª‡mi wb¤œKÿ nvDm Ae wi‡cÔ‡RbwU‡f AwfkswmZ nb †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú|
1g evi Awfksmb 2q evi Awfksmb
AwfkswmZ nb: 18 wW‡m¤î, 2019 AwfkswmZ nb: 13 Rvbyqvwi, 2021
‽h Kvi‽Y n‽qwQj: BD‡µb ‽h Kvi‽Y nq: 6 Rvbyqvwi, 2021 Uªv‡¤úi AvnÝv‡b IqvwksUb wWwm‡Z R‡ov
†K‡j½vwii Kvi‡Y| nIqv mg_©K‡‬i ZvÐ‡e gvwK©b AvBbmfv feb K¨vwcUvj wn‡j AvµgY n‡j|

Abykxjbx
1. ‽dve©‽mi 17Zg cÕwZ‽e`b 2020 Abyhvqx, we‽kî ÿgZvai 100 bvixi ZvwjKvq kxl©¯’v‽b i‽q‽Qb ‼K?
K. A¨v‡Ãjv gv‡K©i L. wµw¯Íb jvMv`© M. Kgjv n¨vwim N. †kL nvwmbv DËi: K
2. 2020 mv‽j ‼dv‽e©‽mi cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, cÕavbgš¿x ‼kL nvwmbvi Ae¯’vb KZZg?
K. 29Zg L. 30Zg M. 38Zg N. 39Zg DËi: N
3. 2019 mv‽ji MYZš¿ m~P‽K evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZZg?
K. 51Zg L. 69Zg M. 80Zg N. 91Zg DËi: M
4. we‽k^ A¯¿ Avg`vwb‽Z kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. hy³iv‡óª L. ivwkqv M. d«vÝ N. Rvg©vwb DËi: K
5. eZ©gv‽b we‽k^ A¯¿ Avg`vwb‽Z evsjv‽`k KZZg?
6. 2020 mv‽ji ‽nwi‽R dvD‽Ûk‽bi A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi m~P‽K kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. wm½vcyi L. nsKs M. wbDwRj¨vÛ N. A‡÷ªwjqv DËi: K
7. 2020 mv‽ii ‽nwi‽R dvD‽Ûk‽bi A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi m~P‽K me©wb¤œ ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. BwiwÎqv L. wKDev M. †fwbRy‡qjv N. DËi †Kvwiqv DËi: N
8. 2020 mv‽ji ‽nwi‽R dvD‽Ûk‽bi A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi m~P‽K evsjv‽`ki Ae¯’vb?
9. ‰ewk^K mvgwiK e¨‽q kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. hy³ivóª L. Pxb M. fviZ N. ivwkqv DËi: K
10. 2020 mv‽ji êwk^K kvwšÍ m~P‽K kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. AvBmj¨vÛ L. wbDwRj¨vÛ M. cZz©Mvj N. A‡÷ªwjqv DËi: K
11. 2020 mv‽ji êwk^K kvwšÍ m~P‽K me©wb¤œ ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. B‡q‡gb L. `wÿY my`vb M. wmwiqv N. AvdMvwb¯Ívb DËi: N
12. 2020 mv‽ji êwk^K kvwšÍ m~P‽K evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZZg?
13. 2020 mv‽ji wekê¨vs‽Ki cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, cÕevmx Av‽q kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. fviZ L. Pxb M. ‡gw•‡Kv N. eªvwRj DËi: K
14. 2020 mv‽ji wekê¨vs‽Ki cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, cÕevmx Av‽q evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
K. cÂg L. lô M. mßg N. Aóg DËi: N
15. 2020 mv‽ji UNCTAD×i cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, we‽k^ RvnvR wimvB‽K‽j (cybe©ënvi Dc‽hvMx Kiv) kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. evsjv‡‬k L. Pxb M. fviZ N. cvwK¯Ívb DËi: K
16. 2020 mv‽ji wekê¨vs‽Ki cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, nZ`wi`ª gvby‽li msL¨vq kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. ZvÄvwbqv L. Bw_Iwcqv M. bvB‡Rwiqv N. fviZ DËi: N
17. 2020 mv‽ji wekê¨vs‽Ki cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, nZ`wi`ª gvby‽li msL¨vq evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
K. PZz_© L. cÂg M. lô N. mßg DËi: M
18. 2020 mv‽ji wekê¨vs‽Ki cÕwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, cÕevmx Av‽q kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. fviZ L. Pxb M. †gw•‡Kv N. eªvwRj DËi: K
19. 2020 mv‽ji wekê¨vs‽Ki cªwZ‽e`b Abyhvqx, cÕevmx Av‽q evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
K. cÂg L. lô M. mßg N. Aóg DËi: N
20. 2020 mv‽ji RvwZms‽Ni (UNDP) gvbe Dbœqb wi‽cv‽U© evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
K. 123Zg L. 133Zg M. 135Zg N. 1136Zg DËi: L
K~UbxwZ
 mwÜ I Pyw³i g‽a¨ cv_©K¨ wK?
mwÚi gva¨‡g ‬yB ev Z‡ZvwaK iv‡óªi g‡a¨ eÚzZc~Y© m¤úK© M‡o D‡V| mvaviYfv‡e ÓmwÚÖ ej‡Z Ó‬yÖ ev Z‡ZvwaK c‡ÿi
g‡a¨ m¤úvw‬Z Pzw³cÎ‡K eySv‡bv nq _v‡K | Z‡e ÓAvšÍR©vwZK AvBb ÓmwÚÖ ‬yÓev Z‡ZvwaK iv‡óªi cvi¯úvwiK ¯^v_©
m¤úwK©Zwel‡q M…nxZ Pzw³cÎ‡K eySvq|
 G2G Kx? G2GÖi c~Y©iƒc: Government to Government. miKvwifv‡e Pzw³ ¯^vÿi‡K wRUzwR e‡j|
 Mou Kx? MouÖi c~Y©iƒc: Memorendum of Understanding. Mou n‡jv mg‡SvZv ¯§viK| †Kv‡bv wel‡q
Pzw³i Av‡Mi Pzw³‡K ev Pzw³i Av‡M cixÿvg~jKfv‡e ¯^vÿwiZ ‬wjj‡K mg‡SvZv ¯§viK e‡j|
 Dual Track Diplomacy wK?
 dv÷© Uª¨vK wW‽cøvg¨vwm ej‡Z †Kvb †‬‡ki †ckv‬vi K~UbxwZ‡K †evSvq| ‡hgb- fviZ-evsjv‡‬k mxgvšÍ mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ m¤úvw‬Z Pzw³ dv÷© Uª¨vjK wW‡cøvg¨vwmi AšÍf~©³|
 ‽m‽KÛ Uª¨vK wW‽cøvg¨vwm ej‡Z †Kvb †‬ki A‡ckv‬vi K~UbxwZK KZ ©K cwiPvwjZ Kvh©µg‡K †evSvq| †hgbÑ Pxb-
hy³iv‡óªi wcs cs wW‡cøvg¨vwm| hLb GB ‬yB K~UbxwZ ‪‬¦Zfv‡e A_©vr hyMrcrfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq ZLb Zv‡K e‡j
Dual Diplomacy ev ‪ØZ K~UbxwZ| (‡hgbÑ ˆØZ kvmb)
Aa¨vqÑ 05: AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb mg~n Ges êwk¦K A_©‰bwZK cÕwZôvbvw`

G Aa¨vq ‼_‽K weMZ mv¤úªwZK (35ZgÑ40Zg) wewmGm cÕkœt gvb e›Ub- 04
1. wb‽Pi ‼Kvb ‼`‽k 2022 mv‽ji G-20 evrmwiK m‽¤§jb AbywôZ n‽e? DËi: fviZ [40Zg]
2. BRICS KZ©„K cÕwZwôZ e¨vs‽Ki bvg n‽”QÑ DËi: New Development Bank (NDB) [40Zg]
3. bx‽Pi ‼Kvb ms¯’vwUi mwPevjq evsjv‽`‽k Aew¯’Z? DËi: BMISTEC [BMISTEC- Gi mì `ßi XvKvi
¸jkv‡b Aew¯'Z| c~‡e© GwU wQj _vBj¨v‡Ùi ivRavbx e¨vsK‡K] [40Zg]
4. b¨v‽Uvi me©‽kl m`m¨Ñ DËi: gw›Uwb‡MÔv [2017 mv‡j 29 Zg m‬m¨ wn‡m‡e b¨v‡Uv‡Z †hvM †‬q ejKvb ivóª
gw›Uwb‡MÔv] [39Zg]
5. 2018 mv‽ji wR-7 m‽¤§j‽bi ci ‽hØ_ ‼NvlYvq ‼Kvb ‼`k ¯^vÿi K‽iwb? DËi: hy³ivóª [39Zg]
6. UNHCR Gi mì `ßi ‼Kv_vq? DËi: †R‡bfv [38Zg]
7. World Development Report wb‽Pi ‼Kvb ms¯’vwUi ewl©K cÕKvkbv? DËi: World Bank. [37Zg]
8. SDR (Special Drawing Rights) myweav cÕeZ©‽bi Rb¨ KZ mv‽j IMF Gi MVbZš¿ (Articles)
ms‽kvab Kiv n‽qwQj? DËi: 1969 [37Zg]
9. weªKm Gi mì `ßiÑ DËi: weªK‡mi m‬i ‬ßi †bB [37Zg]
10. RvwZms‽Ni ¯’vqx m`m¨Ñ DËi: d«vÝ, hy³ivóª, hy³ivR¨, Pxb, ivwkqv [37Zg]
11. eZ©gv‽b b¨v‽gi m`m¨ msL¨v Ñ DËi: 120wU [me©‡kl m‬m¨ AvRvievBRvb I wdwR| eZ©gvb mfvcwZ †‬k
AvRvievBRvb] [36Zg]
12. IAEA Gi m`m¨ `ßiÑ DËi: wf‡qbv [36Zg]
13. RwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi (UNDP) kxl© c`wU wK? DËi: cÖkvmK [36Zg]
14. weªK‽mi me©‽kl kxl© êVK AvbyywôZ nqÑ DËi: 2018 mv‡j ‬kg êVK nq- ‬wÿb Avwd«Kvi †Rvnv‡bmev‡M©© [35Zg]
2020 mv‽ji wR-20 m‽¤§jb

 2020 mv‡ji wR-20 m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq †m×w‬ Avi‡ei ivRavbxÑ wiqv‡‬|
 m‡¤§j‡bi mgq: 21-22 b‡f¤î, 2020 (fvPz©qvj m‡¤§jb)|
 2020 mv‡j m‡¤§j‡bi †Pqvicvm©bÑ †mvw‬ ev‬kv mvjgvb|
 wR-20 Gi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ †‬kÑ †m×w‬ Avie|
 2019 mv‡j wR-20 m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nqÑ Rvcv‡bi ImvKv kn‡i|
 wR-20 Gi m‬m¨Ñ 19wU †‬k I BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb|
 wR-20 Gi cÖ¯ÍveKÑ KvbvWvi mv‡eK A_©gš‫‫‬x cj gvwU©b|
 wR-20 Gi Gkxq †‬kÑ fviZ, Pxb, B‡›‬v‡bwkqv, Rvcvb, †m×w‬ Avie I Zzi¯‹|
 2021 mv‡ji wR-20 m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡eÑ BZvwj‡Z(***)|
 2022 mv‡ji wR-20 m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡eÑ fvi‡Z(***)|
OIC×i cieZ©x gnvmwPe û‽mBb Beªvwng
 2021 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i OICÖi 13Zg gnvmwP‡ei ‬vwqZ MÔnY Ki‡eb kv‡‬i ciivóªgš‫‫‬x û‡mBb Beªvwng Zvnv|
 OICÖi RvwZms‡Ni ci we‡kî 2q e…nËg AvšÍtmiKvi welqK ms¯'v|
 OICÕi m‬i ‬ßi †m×w‬ Avi‡ei †RÏvq|
 OICÕi cÖwZwôZ nqÑ 1969 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡‬k OICÕi m‬m¨ c‬ jvf K‡iÑ 1974 mv‡j|
 OICÕi eZ©gvb m`m¨ msL¨vÑ 57|
 OICÕi cÖwZôvKvjx m`m¨ msL¨v wQjÑ 25wU|
 OICÖi eZ©gvb gnvmwPeÑ BDmyd Avn‡g‬ Avj I_vBwgb|
 OICÖi gnvmwPe wbe©vwPZ nq ciivóªgš‫‫‬x‡‬i m‡¤§j‡b|
 OICÕi `vßwiK fvlvÑ 3wU [Aviwe, Bs‡iwR I †dÂ (divwm)]|
BD‽ivcxq BDwbqb ‼_‽K hy³iv‽Rï we‽”Q` (BREXIT)

‡eªw•U: Ôweª‡Ub Gw•UÕ bvgwU‡K ms‡ÿ‡c WvKv n‡Zv †eªw•U bv‡g| BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb †_‡K weª‡U‡bi †ewi‡q hvIqvi
cÖwµqvB nj †ew•U| 47 eQ‡ii ‼ewk mgq BDwbq‽bi m‽½ _Kvi c‽ÿ 2016 mv‽ji Ry‽b GKwU MY‽fvU wb‽qwQj
hy³ivR¨, ‼hLv‽b ‼fvUviiv BD‽ivcxq BDwbqb Qvovi c‽ÿ ‼fvU ‼`b| wKšÍy ‼mB ‼fv‽Ui djvdj m‽½ m‽½B ‼eªw‾U n‽q
hvqwb|
‼eªw‾U m¤úwK©Z NUbv cÕevn
mgq NUbv
23 Ryb, 2016 BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡b (EU) _vKv, bv _vKvi cÔ‡kœ hy³iv‡R¨ MY‡fvU AbywôZ nq|
31 Rvbyyqvwi, 2020 BD‡ivwcq cvjv©‡g‡›U BBD †_‡K hy³iv‡Rï we‡‧Q‬ Pzw³ cvm|
31 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb †_‡K hy³ivR¨ †ewi‡q hvq 31 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 ïµevi ivZ 11 Uvq|
30 Ryb, 2020 AšÍe©Z©x mgq evov‡Z hy³ivR¨ Av‡e‬b K‡i BBDi Kv‡Q|
2020 mv‡ji †k‡l AšÍe©Z©x Ae¯'vq BBDi m‡½ hy³iv‡Rï bZzb evwYR¨ m¤úK© Mo‡Z mg‡SvZv|
31 wW‡m¤î, 2020 BBD m‽½ Pzw³‽Z ‼cØuQvq hy³ivR¨|
Ñ ‬yB eQi ch©šÍ AšÍeZx© Ae¯'v I evwYR¨ Av‡jvPbv|
Ñ BBD I hy³iv‡Rï g‡a¨ bZzb evwYR¨ m¤úK©|
Ñ AšÍeZ©x Ae¯'vi mgvwß| BBD hy³iv‡R¨ m¤ú‡K©i BwZ|
1 Rvbyqvwi 2021 BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb †_‡K hy³ivR¨ AvbyôvwbK fv‡e †ewi‡q Av‡m|
BD‽ivcxq BDwbqb Kx?

 BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb (BBD) n‡‧Q 27wU †‬‡ki ivR‪bwZK Ges A_©‪bwZK †RvU| GB †Rv‡Ui m‬m¨ †‬kMy‡jv
wb‡R‡‬i g‡a¨ eëmv- evwYR¨ K‡i _v‡K, Gme †‬‡ki bvMwiKiv †RUfy³ †h‡Kvb †‬‡k wM‡q _vK‡Z I KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| 1973 mv‡j hy³ivR¨ BBD‡Z †hvM †‬q| ZLb GwUi bvg wQjÑ BBwm (BD‡ivwcqvb B‡KvbwgK Kgy¨wbwU)
 27wU †‬k wg‡j GKwU A_©‪bwZK I ivR‪bwZK Askx‬vwiZ n‡‧Q G BDwbqb| A_©‪bwZK mn‡hvwMZv evov‡Z wØZxq
wek¦hy‡×i ci BBwmÖi hvÎv ïiæ nq|
‼Kb BD‽ivcxq BDwbqb Qvo‽jv weª‽Ub?
 A‡bK weª‡U‡bi bvMwiK wbR †‬‡k BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi wewawb‡la †g‡b Pjvi e¨vcv‡i †ek bv‡Lvk wQj| G Qvov
hy³iv‡R¨ Awfevmx‡‬i msL¨v †e‡o hvIqv wb‡q weªwUk‡‬i g‡a¨ A¯^w¯Í i‡qQ| BBDi wbqgvbyhvqx, BDwbq‡bi mKj
†‬k wfmv QvovB GK †‬k †_‡K Av‡iK †‬‡k PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZLbKvi weªwUk cÔavbgš‫‫‬x †WwfW K¨v‡gib Zvui
miKv‡ii cÔ_g †gqv‡‬ BBDÕi evB‡ii †‬k †_‡K Avmv Awfevmx‡‬i msL¨v Kwg‡q Avb‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| wKšÍy
BD‡ivcxq bvMwiK‡‬i cÔ‡ek †VKv‡Z cv‡ibwb|
AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vi me©‽gvU, me©‽kl m`m¨ I mfvcwZ ‼`k
ms¯’vi bvg ‽gvU m`m¨ me©‽kl m`m¨
AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms¯'v (IAEA) 172 K‡gv‡ivm [17 †mÞ¤î,2020]
RvwZmsN (1945) 193 `wÿY my`vb
AvšÍR©vwZK gy‬ªv Znwej (IMF) 190 A¨v‡Ùviv
RvwZmsN wk‡ívbœqb ms¯'v (UNIDO) 170 A¨vw›U¸qv A¨vÙ evigyWv
AvšÍR©vwZK mgy‬ª PjvPj ms¯'v (IMO) 174 bvDiæ
IBRD/ wek¦ e¨vsK 190 A¨v‡Ùviv
wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯'v (WTO) 164 AvdMvwb¯Ívb
cuywR wewb‡qvMRwbZ we‡iva wb®úwËi AvšÍR©vwZK †K›‬ª (ICSID) 154 ‡gw•‡Kv
AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva Av‬vjZ (ICC) 124 Gj mvj‡f‬i, wdwjcvBb
AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU KvDwÜj (ICC) 105 gvwK©b hyy³ivóª
¯'vqx mvwjwk Av‬vjZ (PCA) 122 g‡½vwjqv
BD‡b‡¯‹v 193 wdwjw¯Íb
wek¦ ¯^v¯'¨ ms¯'v [2021 mv‡j hy³ivóª †ewi‡q hvq] 194 `wÿY my`vb
wek¦ WvK BDwbqb 192 `wÿY my`vb
wddv (FIFA) 211 `wÿY my`vb
B›Uvi cvj©v‡g›Uvwi BDwbqb (IPU) 179 ‡m›U wfb‡m›U GÛ MÖvbvWvBbm
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb 55 gi‡°v
AvšÍR©vwZK ivmvqwbK A¯‫ ‫‬wbi¯‫‫‬xKiY ms¯'v (OPCW) 193 wdwjw¯Íb
wddv (FIFA) 211 `wÿY my`vb
AvšÍR©vwZK kÔg ms¯'v (ILO) 187 †Uv½v
BD‡iv †Rvb 19 wj_yqvwbqv
BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb (EU) I BD‡ivcxq wewb‡qvM e¨vsK 27 ‡µv‡qwkqv
B›Uvib¨vkbvj dvBb¨vÜ K‡c©v‡ikb (IFC) 185 Uyf¨vjy
DËi AvUjvw›UK Pzw³ ms¯'v (NATO) 30 DËi †gwm‡Wvwbqv
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb (AU) 55 gi‡°v

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 193 bvDiæ
mvK© (1985) 8 AvdMvwb¯Ívb
BD‡b‡¯‹v (1946) 193 wdwjw¯Íb (2011)
IAvBwm (1969) 57 AvBfwi‡Kv÷
wek¦ e¨vsK I AvšÍR©vwZK gy‬ªv Znwej 190 A¨v‡Ùviv
wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯'v (1995) 164 AvdMvwb¯Ívb [m‬m¨ QvovI 23wU ch©‡eÿK Av‡Q]
KgbI‡qj_ (1949) 54 iæqvÛv
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb (1963) 55 gi‡°v [cwðg mvnviv ¯^vaxb bv n‡qI m‬m¨]
b¨vg (1961) 120 AvRvievBRvb I wdwR
wR-77 (1964) 134 wR¤^vey‡q
Least Develop Countries (LDC-1971) 46 me©‽kl LDC gy³ nq: fvbyqvZz (wW‽m¤î 2020)
AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva Av`vjZ (AvBwmwm) 2002 123 mv‡gvqv
Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) 07 g‡½vwjqv
wegm‡UK (1997) 07 †bcvj I fzUvb (2003)
UªvÝ c¨vwmwdK cvU©bviwkc (wUwcwc) (¯^vÿiKvix †‬k) 11 Rvcvb
†Zj ißvwbKviK †‬‡ki †RvU (OPEC), 1960 13 K‡½v cÖRvZš‫‫‬
‬wÿY c~e© Gkxq AÂ‡ji A_©‪bwZK †RvU (SEACO) 05 ---
Gkxq AeKvVv‡gv wewb‡qvM e¨vsK (AIIB) 83 eªvwRj
AvšÍR©vwZK K wl Dbœqb Znwej (IFAD) 177 ‡cvj¨vÙ
Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK (ADB) 68 wbDB
B›Uvib¨vkbvj wµwgbvj cywjk AM©vbvB‡Rkb (INTERPOL) 194 fvbyqvZz
RvwZmsN Lv‬¨ I K wl ms¯'v (FAO)Õi eZ©gvb m`m¨‡‬k 194+EU ÑÑÑ
bgybv cÕkœ
1. AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva Av`vj‽Zi (ICC) eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
K. 120wU L. 121wU M. 122wU N. 123wU DËi: N
2. 1 ‼deªæqvwi, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k ICC×i 123Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. gj‡‬vfv L. wKwiewZ M. fvbyqvZz N. wZDwbwmqv DËi: L
3. 31 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k BD‽ivcxq BDwbqb (EU) Z¨vM K‽i?
K. mvBcÖvm L. nv‡½wi M. hy³ivR¨ N. myB‡Wb DËi: M
4. EU×i eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
K. 26wU L. 27wU M. 28wU N. 29wU DËi: L
5. 1 ‼deªæqvwi, 2020 cybivq KgbI‽qj_-G ‼hvM`vb K‽i ‼Kvb ‼`k?
K. gvjØxc L. Mvw¤^vqv M. Avqvij¨vÛ N. wR¤^vey‡q DËi: K
6. KgbI‽qj_-Gi eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
7. wek^ eyw×e„wËK m¤ú` ms¯’vi (WIPO) eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
8. 11 ‼g, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k WIPOÕi 193Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. m‡jvgb ØxccyÃ L. wmwiqv M. bvDiæ N. gvk©vj ØxccyÄ DËi: M
9. NATO×i eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
10. 27 gvP©, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k NATO×i 30Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. DËi †gwm‡Wvwbqv L. gw›Uwb‡MÔv M. †¯øv‡fwbqv N. K‡mv‡fv DËi: K
11. eûcvwÿK wewb‽qvM M¨vivw›U ms¯’vi (MIGA) eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
K. 180wU L. 181wU M. 182wU N. 183wU DËi: M
12. 24 gvP©, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k MIGA×i 182Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. DËi †gwm‡Wvwbqv L. gw›Uwb‡MÔv M. ‡mvgvwjqv N. K‡mv‡fv DËi: M
13. cyuwR wewb‽qvMRwbZ we‽iva wb®úwËi AvšÍR©vwZK ‼K‽›`ªi (ICSID) eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
14. 9 RyjvB, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k ICSID×i 155Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. †gw•‡Kv L. wReywZ M. g‡½vwjqv N. gw›Uwb‡MÔv DËi: L
15. AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms¯’vi (IAEA) eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
16. 17 ‼m‽Þ¤î, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k IAEA×i 172Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. fvbyqvZz L. Av‡g©wbqv M. K‡gv‡ivm N. †m›U jywmqv DËi: M
17. AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej (IMF)×i eZ©gvb m`m¨ ‼`k KZwU?
K. 190wU L. 191wU M. 192wU N. 193wU DËi: K
18. 16 A‽±vei, 2020 ‼Kvb ‼`k IMF×i 190Zg m`m¨c` jvf K‽i?
K. K‡mv‡fv L. bvDiæ M. nvBwZ N. A¨v‡Ùviv DËi: N
wewfbœ ms¯’vi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ ‼`k
ms¯’v ‽`k ms¯’v ‽`k
wR-7 hy³ivR¨ (BD‡K) wegm‡UK kÖxjsKv
wR-20 BZvwj IAvBwm †m×w‬ Avie
BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb cZz©Mvj b¨vg AvRvievBRvb (2022 ch©šÍ)
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb wgki KgbI‡qj_ hy³ivR¨
SAARC †bcvj
wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vi mì `ßi

AvšÍR©vwZK kÔg ms¯'v (ILO) RvwZmsN kiYv_©x welqK nvBKwgkb (UNHCR)
†R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÙ ‡iWµm I †iWwµ‡m›U (ICRC) AvšÍR©vwZK †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM BDwbqb (ITU)
(me‽P‽q ‼ewk AvšÍR©vwZK
ms¯'vi mì `ßi
wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯'v (WTO) RvwZmsN evwYR¨ I Dbœqb m‡¤§jb (UNCTAD)
myBRvij¨v‽Ûi ‼R‽bfvq| AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨ †K›‬ª (ITC) wek¦ †gavm¤ú‬ ms¯'v (WIPO)
‼h Kvi‽Y ‽R‽bfv‽K ejv wek¦ ¯^v¯'¨ ms¯'v (WHO) RvwZmsN gvbevwaKvi KvDwÝj (UNHRC)
nq m‽¤§j‽bi kni|) Ab¨vb¨: IPU, ISO, WORLD SCOUT, ITE BZ¨vw`
wek¦ AvenvIqv ms¯'v (WMO)
IqvwksUb wWwm, AvšÍR©vwZK gy‬ªv Znwej (IMF) cybM©Vb I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK (IBRD)
hy³ivóª wek¦e¨vsK (World Bank) cyuwR wewb‡qvMRwbZ we‡iva wb®úwËi AvšÍR©vwZK †K›‬ª (ICSID)

(‼Lqvj K‽i ‼`L‽eb A_© msµvšÍ
‼ewki fvM ms¯'vi mì `ßi
AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb mwgwZ (IDA) eûcwÿK wewb‡qvM M¨vivw›U ms¯'v (MIGA)
IqvwksUb wWwm‽Z ) AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwR wewb‡qvM ms¯'v (IFC) Av‡gwiKvi ivóªmg~‡ni ms¯'v (OAS) I wcm‡Kvi
wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª RvwZmsN (UN) RvwZmsN RbmsL¨v Znwej (UNFPA)
(‽Lqvj K‽i ‼`L‽eb bvix welqK
‼ewkifvM ms¯'vi mì `ßi RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~Px (UNDP) RvwZmsN bvix Dbœqb Znwej (UNIFEM)
wbDBq‽K©| ZvQvov ‼ewkifvM ms¯'vi
bvg ïiæ UN w`‽q) BDGb BD‡gb (UN Women), RvwZmsN wkï Znwej (UNICEF)
‡ivg, BZvwj Lv‬¨ I K wl ms¯'v (FAO) wek¦ Lv`¨ Kg©m~Px (WFP)
AvšÍR©vwZK K wl Dbœqb Znwej (IFAD)
‡nM, †b‬vij¨vÙm AvšÍR©vwZK Av‬vjZ (ICJ) AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva Av‬vjZ (ICC)
ivmvqwbK A¯‫ ‫‬wbwl×KiY ms¯'v (OPCW)
jÛb, hy³ivR¨ KgbI‡j_ (Commonwealth) A¨vg‡bw÷ B›Uvib¨vkbvj
AvšÍR©vwZK mgy‬ª PjvPj ms¯'v (IMO)
eªv‡mjm, †ejwRqvg BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb (EU) DËi AvUjvw›UK wbivcËv †RvU (NATO) †e‡bjv• (BENELUX)
wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv I‡cK (OPEC) RvwZmsN wk‡ívbœqb ms¯'v (UNIDO)
AvšÍR©vwZK cigvYy ms¯'v (IAEA) wmwUwewUI (CTBTO) OSCE
bvB‡ivwe, †Kwbqv A•dvg© B›Uvib¨vkbvj UN-HABITANT RvwZmsN cwi‡ek Kg©m~wP (UNEP)
†RÏv, †m×w‬ Avie Bmjvgx mn‡hvwMZv ms¯'v (OIC) BmjvwgK Dbœqb e¨vsK (IDB)
‡Znivb, Bivb AvKz (ACU) B‡Kv (ECO)
Bwjbq, hy³ivóª ‡ivUvwi B›Uvib¨vkbvj
AvUjv›Uv, hy³ivóª CARE, Aiwem B›Uvib¨vkbvj
gw›Uªj, KvbvWv AvšÍR©vwZK †emvgwiK wegvb PjvPj ms¯'v (ICAO)
`yevB, UAE AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU KvDwÜj (ICC)
g¨vwbjv, wdwjcvBb Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK (ADB) I AvšÍR©vwZK avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (IRRI)
RvK©vZv, B‡›‬v‡bwkqv Avwmqvb (ASEAN)
wm½vcyi G‡cK (APEC)
XvKv, evsjv‡‬k wegm‡UK (BIMSTEC), wmiWvc (CIRDAP), AAPP, USC, SMRC, SAIC,
WTF, IJSC, ICDDRB, IML,
KvVgvÙz, †bcvj mvK© (SAARC)
B¯Ívbeyj, Zzi¯‹ wW-8 (D-8)
wiqv‬, †m×w‬ Avie DcmvMixq mn‡hvMxZv ms¯'v (GCC)
Kvq‡iv, wgki Avie jxM (Arab League)
AvwÏm Aevev, Bw_Iwcqv Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb (AU)
ev‡m©‡jvbv, †¯úb f~ga¨mvMixq BDwbqb
gvw‬ª‬, †¯úb wek¦ ch©Ub ms¯'v (UNWTO)
c¨vwim, d«vÝ RvwZmsN wkÿv, weÁvb I ms¯‹ wZ ms¯'v (UNESCO) Ges OECD
evb©, myBRvij¨vÛ wek¦ WvK BDwbqb (UPU)
wgb¯‹, †ejviæk Commonwealth Independent States (CIS)
evwj©b, Rvg©vwb UªvÜcv‡iwÜ B›Uvib¨vkbvj (TI)

eb, Rvg©vwb United Naitons Volunteers (UNV)
KzB‡Uv, BKz‡qWi BDwbqb Ae mvD_ Av‡gwiKvb †bkbm
KvivKvm, †f‡bRy‡qjv Bank of the South
‡eBwRs, Pxb mvsnvB mn‡hvwMZv ms¯'v (SCO)
†UvwKI, Rvcvb RvwZmsN wek¦we`¨vjq (UNU)
K¨vb‡eiv, A‡÷ªwjqv AvbRym (ANZUS)
m‬i ‬ßi †bB ‡RvU wbi‡cÿ Av‡›‬vjb (NAM) MÖæc-77 (G-77)
wR-7 (G-7) BRICS
PjwZ AvšÍR©vwZK
Biv‡bi Bmjvgx wecøex MvW© evwnbx ev AvBAviwRwmi eZ©gvb cÔavb KgvÙvi †nv‡mBb †mv‡jBgvwb|
‡gvn‡mb dvKwiRv‡‬n‡K Bivwb †evgvi RbK ejv nq|
m¤úªwZ M…nhy× ïiæ n‡q‡Q Bw_Iwcqvi ‡g‡K‡j, ZvB‡MÔ AÂ‡j|
m¤úªwZ Pvu‡‬ cvVv‡bv Px‡bi ˆZwi gnvKvkhvbwUi bvg P¨vsB-5|
ga¨cÔvPï †m×w‬ Avie cÔ_gev‡ii g‡Zv wR-20 m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb K‡iÑ 21-22 b‡f¤î, 2020|
hy³iv‡óªi cÔfvekvjx UvBg mvgwqKxi Ócvimb Ae ‬¨ BqviÖ wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb †Rv evB‡Wb I Kgjv n¨vwim|
‡m×w‬ Avi‡ei cÔ_g bvix ivóª‬~ZÑ ixgv web‡Z ev›‬vi (gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª wb‡qvwRZ)|
‡m×w‬ Avi‡ei wØZxq bvix ivóª‬~ZÑ Avgvj Bqvnwnqv Avj-‡gvqvwj-wg‡K (biI‡q‡Z wbhy³)|
m¤úªwZ AvdMvb miKvi I Zv‡jev‡bi g‡a¨ kvwšÍ Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nqÑ KvZv‡ii †‬vnvq|
hy³ivR¨ BREXIT cieZ©x cÔ_g ¸iæZc~Y© evwYR¨ Pzw³ †NvlYv K‡iÑ Rvcv‡bi mv‡_|
Av‡gwiKvi BwZnv‡m cÔ_g bvix A_©gš‫‫‬xÑ R¨v‡bU B‡q‡jb|
‡RvU wbi‡cÿ Av‡›‬vj‡bi (b¨vg) eZ©gvb †Pqvicv‡m©vb ‡h †‬‡kiÑ AvRvievBRvb|
CPJ International Press Freedom Award 2020 jvf K‡ibÑ knx‬yj Avjg (evsjv‡‬k)|
‡Uwb‡mi BwZnv‡m PZz_© cyiæl wn‡m‡e 1000Zg g¨vP †R‡Zb ivdv‡qj bv‬vj|
m¤úªwZ wdwjcvB‡b AvNvZ nvbv fqven N~wY©©S‡oi bvgÑ Mwb|
m¤úªwZ IAvBwmi 47Zg ciivóªgš‫‫‬x ch©v‡qi m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq bvBRv‡ii ivRavbx wbqvwg‡Z|
m‡¤§jb cÔwZcv‬¨: ÓkvwšÍ I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mš‫‫‬vmev‡‬i weiæ‡Ï GKZve× nIqvÖ|
‡m×w‬ Avi‡ei cÔ_g ivR‪bwZK ‬jÑ b¨vkbvj A¨v‡m¤^wj cvwU© (cÔevmx †m×w‬ bvMwiKMY KZ ©K)|
wek^ ¯^v¯'¨ ms¯'v (WHO) Avwd«Kv gvnv‡‬k‡K ‡cvwjIgy³ †NvlYv K‡iÑ 25 AvM÷, 2020|
m¤úªwZ †Kvb mxgvšÍ Bmy¨ ¸‡jv‡Z ‬yB cÔwZ‡ekx †‬k fviZ Ges †bcv‡ji g‡a¨ mxgvšÍ we‡iva P‡j‡QÑ Kvjvcvwb,
wjcy‡jL Ges wjw¤úqvayiv wb‡q|
m¤úªwZ jv‬v‡Li MvjIqvb mxgv‡šÍ Pxb-fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ i³ÿqx msN‡l© 20 Rb fviZxq †mbv wbnZ nqÑ 15 Ryb, 2020
m¤úªwZ bewbhy³ d«v‡Üi bZzb cÔavbgš‫‫‬xi bvgÑ wRqvb K¨vm‡U•|
m¤úªwZ Pxb mxgv‡šÍ cÔK Z wbqš‫‫‬Y †iLv (LAC) Ges cvwK¯Ívb mxgv‡šÍ wbqš‫‫‬Y †iLvq (LOC) Z`viwKi Rb¨ fviZxq
evwnbx ‬yM©g AÂ‡j AvKvkc‡_ bRi‬vwi Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †h †Wªv‡bi eënvi Ki‡Q †mwUi bvgÑ fviZ|
m¤úªwZ cÔ_g Avie †‬k wn‡m‡e g½jhvÎv ïiæ K‡i‡QÑ mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ| Rvcv‡bi ‬wÿYvÂjxq Zv‡bMvwkgv
gnvKvk †K›‬ª †_‡K gnvKvkhvbwU Dr‡ÿcY Kiv nq| gbyl¨wenxb GB AwfhvbwU cwiPvwjZ n‡e Avwgiv‡Zi †nvc
gnvKvkhv‡bi gva¨‡g| Aviwe fvlvq GB gnvKvkhvb Avj-Avgj bv‡g cwiwPZ| mshy³ Avie Avwgiv‡Zi
gnvKvkhvbwU g½‡ji Kÿc‡_ cÔ‡ek Ki‡e 2021 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z|
m¤úªwZ hy³iv‡óªi †U•vm A½iv‡Rï wnD‡÷v‡b Px‡bi Kbmy¨‡jU e‡Úi wb‡‬©k w‬‡q‡Q IqvwksUb cÔkvmb|
wnD‡÷v‡bi Kbmy¨‡jUwU hy³iv‡óª Aew¯'Z Px‡bi cvuPwU Kbmy¨‡j‡Ui GKwU| Gi evB‡i IqvwksUb wWwm‡Z i‡q‡Q
Px‡bi ‬~Zvevm| cvëv DËi wn‡m‡e PxbI wmPzqvb cÔ‡‬‡ki †Ps‬y †Z Aew¯'Z gvwK©b ‬~Zvevm eÚ K‡i ‡‬q|
Biv‡bi †ifjy¨kbvwi Mv‡W©i Kz‬m †dv‡m©i KgÙvi †Rbv‡ij Kv‡kg †mvjvBgvwb‡K nZ¨vq mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ m¤úªwZ †h ¸ßPi‡K
dvuwm †‬Iqv n‡q‡QÑ gvngy‬ ‡g×mvwf gvRv‬|2021 mv‡j BIMSTECÖi 5g kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡eÑ kÔxjsKvq|
RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_©xwelqK ms¯'v (UNHCR) ev¯`Pz¨Z Ges kiYv_©x MÔn‡Y kxl© †‬kÑ wmwiqv|
evsjv‡‬k me©‡kl K~U‪bwZK m¤úK© ¯'vcb K‡iÑ †m›U wKUm A¨vÙ †bwf‡mi mv‡_|
UvBg g¨vMvwR‡b el©‡miv wkï wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb fviZxq-Av‡gwiKvb weÁvbx I D™veK MxZvÃwj ivI|
cÔ_g †‬k wn‡m‡e fzUv‡bi mv‡_ AMÔvwaKvi g~jK evwYR¨ Pzw³ (Preferential Trade Agreement - PTA) Ki‡Z hv‡‧Q evsjv‡‬k|
evsjv‽`k welqvewj
Aa¨vqÑ 01 : evsjv‽`‽ki RvZxq welqvewj (gvb e›Ub- 06)
evsjv‽`k I welqvewj‽Z hZ¸‽jv Aa¨vq Av‽Q Zvi g‽a¨ me‽P‽q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Aa¨vq GwU| KviY Ab¨vb¨ Aa¨v‽q 3 b¤î
_vK‽jI G Aa¨v‽q 6 b¤î| ‼Kvb ‼Kvb cixÿvq 6wUi I ‼ewk cÖkœ _v‽K| G Aa¨vq ‼h‽nZz BwZnvm wfwËK ‼m‽nZz GLvb
‼_‽K ‼gŠwjK cÖkœB ‼ewk Kgb Av‽m|
G Aa¨vq ‼_‽K weMZ cÕkœ (35ZgÑ40Zg) wewmGm cÕkœt
 cÔvPxb evsjv †g×h© kvm‡bi cÔwZôvZv †K?Ñ P›‬ª¸ß †g×h©| [40Zg wewmGm]
 Óe½f½Ö Kv‡j fvi‡Zi fvBmiq †K wQ‡jbÑ jW© KvR©b| [40Zg wewmGm]
 BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡‬i g‡a¨ evsjvq cÔ_g G‡mwQ‡jbÑ cZz©wMRiv| [40Zg wewmGm]
 AvjvDwÏb ‡nv‡mb kvn& KLb e…nËi evsjv kvmb K‡ibÑ 1498-1519 L…óvã| [40Zg wewmGm]
 1971 mv‡j gyw³h‡×i mgq RvwZms‡N †Kvb †‬k evsjv‡‬‡ki c‡ÿ Ó‡f‡UvÖ cÔ‬vb K‡iwQjÑ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb| [40Zg wewmGm]
 gyw³hy‡×i wfwËK Dcb¨vm Av¸‡bi cikgwY Kvi iPbvÑ ûgvqyb Avn‡g‬| [39Zg wewmGm]
 e½f½ i‬ nq †Kvb mv‡jÑ 1911 mv‡j| [39Zg wewmGm]
 cjvwki hy× K‡e msNwUZ n‡qwQj?Ñ Ryb 23, 1757| [39Zg wewmGm]
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq †b× KgvÙ MwVZ nq ‡Kvb †m±i wb‡qÑ 10 bs †m±i| [39Zg wewmGm]
 gywRebMi miKv‡ii ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš‫‫‬x †K wQ‡jbÑ G. GBP. Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb| [38Zg wewmGm]
 wK‡mi wfwË‡Z c~e© evsjvq fvlv Av‡›‬vjbb n‡qwQjÑ ev½vjx RvZxqZvev‬| [38Zg wewmGm]
 cÔvPxb evsjvi nwi‡Kj Rbc‬ AÂjfy³ GjvKvÑ PÆMÖvg| [38Zg wewmGm]
 1954 mv‡ji c~e©evsjv cÔv‡‬wkK cwil‬ wbe©vP‡b hy³ wQ‡jb bvÑ beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn| [38Zg wewmGm]
 wb‡¤œi †gvNj m¤ªvU‡‬i g‡a¨ cÔ_g AvZ¥Rxebx wj‡L‡QbÑ evei| [38Zg wewmGm]
 c~e©e½ I Avmvg cÔ‡‬k MVbKv‡j weªwUk fvi‡Zi MfY©i †Rbv‡ij I fvBmiq wQ‡jbÑ jW© KvR©b| [37Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv‡‬‡ki cÔ_g ¯^vaxb beve †K?Ñ gywk©‬ Kzjx Lvb| [37Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv‡‬k‡K ¯^xK wZ‬vbKvix cÔ_g Abvie gymwjg †‬k †KvbwU?Ñ gvj‡qwkqv| [37Zg wewmGm]
 1954 mv‡j c~‡e© cvwK¯Ívb cÔv‡‬wkK cwil‬ wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui cÔZxK wQjÑ †b×Kv| [37Zg wewmGm]
 XvKvi jvjev‡Mi ‬yM© wbg©vY K‡ibÑ kv‡q¯Ív Lvb| [36Zg wewmGm]
 XvKvi Ó‡avjvB LvjÖ †K Lbb K‡ibÑ Bmjvg Lvb| [36Zg wewmGm]
 evsjvi ÓwQqvË‡ii gš^šÍiÖ-Gi mgqKvjÑ 1770 wLª÷vã (evsjv 1176 mb)| [36Zg wewmGm]
 me©‬jxq †K›‬ªxq ivóªfvlv msMÔvg cwil‬ MwVZ nq?Ñ 31 Rvbyqvwi, 1952| [36Zg wewmGm]

 evsjv (†‬k I RvwZ) bv‡gi DrcwËi welqwU †Kvb MÔ‡š' me©vwaK D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q?Ñ AvBb-B-AvKeix| [36Zg wewmGm]
 gyw³hy×Kvjxb †Kvb Zvwi‡L eyw×Rxex‡‬i Ici e¨vcK nZ¨vKvÐ msNwUZ nqÑ 14 wW‡m¤î, 1971| [36Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv‡‬k‡K ¯^xK wZ cÔ‬vbKvix cÔ_g BD‡ivcxq †‬k †KvbwUÑc~e© Rvg©vwb| [36Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv fvlv‡K cvwK¯Ívb MY cwil‬ †Kvb Zvwi‡L Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK wZ †‬qÑ 9 †g, 1954| [36Zg wewmGm]
 evOvwj RvwZi cÔavb Ask †Kvb RvwZ †Mvôxi AšÍf~©³?Ñ Aw÷ªK| [36Zg wewmGm]
 evsjvi me©cÔvPxb Rbc‡‬i bvg wK?Ñ cyÐªy| [36Zg wewmGm]
 Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO-Gi ‬xÿv¸iæ ‡K wQ‡jbÑwkjf‬ª| [35Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv‡‬‡ki †Kvb AÂj‡K 360 AvDwjqvi †‬k ejv nqÑ wm‡jU| [35Zg wewmGm]
 gnvexi wkjf‬ª †Kvb gnvwenv‡ii AvPvh© wQ‡jbÑ bvj›‬v wenvi| [35Zg wewmGm]
 jW© K¨vwbs fviZ Dcgnv‡‬‡k cÔ_g ‡Kvb eë¯'v Pvjy K‡ibÑ cywjk eë¯'v| [35Zg wewmGm]
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡‬i Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi cÔ_g ‬vex †K DÐvcb K‡ibÑ ax‡i›‬ªbv_ ‬Ë| [35Zg wewmGm]
e½eÜz I gywRe el©
 e½eÜzi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq ‼gvU Avmvgx msL¨v wQj KZ Rb? DËi: 35 Rb [40Zg]
 AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6-‬dv †ck Kiv n‡qwQjÑ 1966 mv‡j| [40Zg wewmGm]
 ‡Kvb we‡‬kx cwÎKv e½eÚz‡K ÓivRbxwZi KweÖ (Poet of Politics) Dcvwa w‬‡qwQ‡jb?Ñ wbDR DBKm| [39Zg wewmGm]
 gywRe bMi miKvi KLb MwVZ nqÑ 10 B GwcÖj, 1971| [39Zg wewmGm]
 RvwZms‽Ni P¨vw¤úqÞ Ae `¨ Av_© ‼LZvecÕvßÑ DËi: †kL nvwmbv [39Zg]
 HwZnvwmK Qq ‬dv †NvlYv Kiv nq 1966 mv‡jiÑ †deªæqvwi‡Z| [38Zg wewmGm]
 HwZnvwmK 6-`dv ‽K wK‽mi mv‽_ Zzjbv Kiv nq? DËi: g¨vMbvKvU©v [37Zg wewmGm]
 6 ‬dv ‬vwe †ck Kiv nq †Kvb mv‡j?Ñ 1966 mv‡j| [36Zg wewmGm]
 e½eÜzi 7gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi mg‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h Av‡›‬vjb PjwQj †mwU njÑ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Amn‡hvM Av‡›‬vjb|
[36Zg wewmGm]
 26 gvP© 1971-Gi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv e½eÚz Rvwi K‡ibÑ Iqvi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g| [36Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv‡‬‡ki gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK wQ‡jbÑ †kL gywReyi ingvb| [35Zg wewmGm]
 ÔAmgvß AvZ¥Rxebx× Kvi iwPZ MÕš’? DËi: †kL gywReyi ingvb (RvwZi RbK e½eÚzi me¸‡jv MÔ‡š'i †jL‡Ki bv‡g
Óe½eÚzÖ DcvaxwU †bB| Gi KviY n‡jv GB MÔš'mg~n †jLvi mg‡q wZwb Óe½eÚzÖ ev ÓRvwZi wcZv †Kvb Dcvax‡Z f~wlZ
nbwb| ZvB †jL‡Ki bv‡g ïay Ó‡kL gywReyi ingvbÖ n‡e)| [35Zg]
gywRe el© 2020-21
 17 gvP© 2020 RvwZi RbK e½eÚz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¥kZel© c~Y© nq|
 c‡ii eQi 26gvP© 2021 evsjv‡‬k D‬hvcb Ki‡e ¯^vaxbZvi myeY©RqšÍx|
 ‬ywU welq‡K mvg‡b †i‡L 2020-21 mvj‡K gywRe el© †NvlYv Kiv nq|
 RvwZi wcZvi Rb¥ kZevwl©Kxi Kg©m~wP cvwjZ n‡‧Q miKvwifv‡e|
 evsjv‡‬‡ki mv‡_ †h×_fv‡e gywRe el© cvj‡bi †NvlvYv †‬q -BD‡b‡¯‹v|
 gywRe el© Dcj‡ÿ¨ evsjv I Bs‡iwR‡Z cÔKvwkZ n‡e Ôe½eÚz ¯§…wZK_vÖ|
 gywRe e‡l©i e¨vwßÑ 17 gvP©, 2020-16 wW‡m¤î, 2021
gywRe e‽l©i Kg©m~Px
10 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 gywRe kZe‡l©i ÿYMYbv/ KvD›U WvDb ïiæ nq RvZxq c¨v‡iW MÔvDÙ †_‡K|
‡deªæqvwi, 2020 Agi GKz‡k MÔš'‡gjv 2020 DrmM© Kiv nq e½eÚz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K|
17 gvP©, 2020 we‽`wk miKvi cÕavb‽ì wb‽q gywRe e‽l©i g~j Abyôvb K‽ivbvi Kvi‽b ¯’wMZ nq|
17 GwcÖj, 2020 ‡g‡nicy‡ii gywRebMi miKvi wèm D`hvcb|
7 Ryb, 2020 Qq `dv wèm D`hvcb|
25 †m‡Þ¤î, RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‬ Awa‡ek‡b e½eÚzi evsjvq fvlY‬v‡bi evwl©Kx‡Z Gi ¸iæZ I
2020 Zvrch© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
23 †deªæqvwi, 1969 mv‡ji G w‬‡b ‡kL gywReyi ingvb‡KÓe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa †‬Iqv nq| G Dcj‡ÿ 23
2021 †deªæqvwi 2021 ‡mvnivIqv‬©x D‬¨v‡b Av‡jvPbv mfv, mvs¯‹ wZK Abyôvb I cÔ‬k©bxi Av‡qvRb
7 gvP© 2021 mvZw‬‡bi Kg©m~wP I Rq evsjv Kbmv‡U©i Av‡qvRb|
e½eÜz ‽jLv 3wU MÕš’ [LyeB LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©]

1. Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx (The Unfinished Memoirs): e½eÜzi cÕ_g AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÕš’ hv cÕKvwkZ nq
2012 mv‽ji 18 Ryb| cÕKvk K‽i BDwbfvwm©wU ‼cÕm| ‼gvU 330 c„ôvi eBwU Bs‽iwR
Avbyev` K‽ib Xvwei Bs‽iwR wefv‽Mi Aa¨vcK dKiæj Avjg| Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx PUªMÖvg
wek¦we`¨v‽qi Bs‽iwR wefv‽M cvV¨m~Px‡Z AšÍf~©³ n‡q‡Q| cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci †_‡K eBwU
13wU fvlvq Ab~w‬Z n‡q‡Q Ges 14Zg fvlv wn‡m‡e ÔgvjqÕi Abyev‡‬i KvR Pj‡Q| gvjq
fvlvq cÔKvwkZ n‡j g~jfvlv evsjvmn eBwU cÔKv‡ki †gvU fvlv n‡e 15wU (evsjv+13wU
Ab~w‬Z fvlv+gvjq)| e½eÚz †kL gywReyi ingvb 1967-69 mv‡j †R‡j _vKvKvjxb mg‡q
eBwU wj‡L‡Qb| GB eBwU‡Z 1938-1955 mv‡ji ivR‪bwZK NUbv cÔev‡ni eY©bv cvIqv hvq|
wewfbœ fvlvi ÔAmgvß AvZ¥Rxebx× Abyev` (µgvbymv‽i)
µg fvlv Abyev`K µg fvlv Abyev`K
1 Bs‡iwR ‡gv. dKiæj Avjg 8 ZzwK© AvZvZzK© ms¯‹ wZ I M‡elYv ‡K›‬ª (Zzi¯‹)
2 D`y© BqvIqvi Avgvb 9 ‡bcvwj ARy©b evnv‬yi _vcv I g‡nk †c×‡ob
3 Rvcvwb KvRywn‡iv IqvZvbv‡e 10 ¯ú¨vwbm gvwiqv †n‡jbv ev‡iiv AvMviIqvj I ‡eÃvwgb K¬vK©
4 wPbv PvB wk 11 Avmwgqv W. †m×‡gb fviZxqv I W. Rywi kg©v
5 Aviwe (wdwjw¯Íb) gynv¤§` wèvRvn 12 iæk W. wf bgwKb
6 divwm cÔ‡dmi d«vÜ fÆvPvwiqv 13 BZvwjqvb Avbœv †Kvw°qv‡ijøv (cÖKvwkZ nqwb)
7 wnw›‬ ‡cÔg Kvcyi 14 gvjq KvR Pj‡Q---
2. KvivMv‽ii ‼ivRbvgPv: e½eÜz wØZxq AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÕš’| eBwU bvgKiY K‡ib
e½eÜzi Kwbô Kb¨v †kL †invbv| eBwU‡Z ¯§…wZPviY Kiv n‡q‡Q 1966-1968 ch©šÍ|
cÔKvk 2017 mv‡ji 17 gvP©| cÕKvk K‽i evsjv GKv‽Wwg| Bs‽iwR Abyev` K‡ib Xvwei
Bs‡iwR wefv‡Mi wkÿK Aa¨vcK dKiæj Avjg I Amgxqv fvlvq Abyev‬ K‡ib ‼mØ‽gb
fviZxqv|
3. Avgvi ‼`Lv bqvPxb: 1952 mv‡ji 2-12B A‡±vei Px‡bi wcwKs‡q (eZ©gvb
†eBwRs) Gkxq I cÔkvšÍ gnvmvMixq AvÂwjK kvwšÍ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| RvwZi wcZv
e½eÚz ‡kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯Ívb cÔwZwbwa‬‡ji m‬m¨ wn‡m‡e G m‡¤§j‡b
†hvM‬v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ bqvPxb mdi K‡ib| ÓAvgvi †‬Lv bqvPxbÖ ¯§…wZwbf©i G ågbKvwnwb
wZwb iPbv K‡ib 1954 mv‽j KvivMv‽i ivRew›` _vKvKv‽j| 1957 mv‡j c~e©-evsjvi
kÔggš‫‫‬x _vKvKv‡j cvwK¯Ívb msm‬xq ‬‡ji †bZv wn‡m‡e wZwb Av‡iv GKevi Pxb mdi
K‡ib| AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZ m¤ú‡K© Zvui Mfxi aviYvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq G †jLvq|
2020 mv‡ji ‡deªæqvwii evsjv GKv‡Wwg MÔš'†gjvq eBwU cÔKvk Kiv nq| cÕKvk K‽i
evsjv GKv‽Wwg| Bs‽iwR Abyev` K‽ib Aa¨vcK dKiæj Avjg|
[we: `ª: ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ; ÔKvivMv‽ii ‼ivRbvgPvÕ I ÔAvgvi ‼`Lv bqvPxbÕ MÖ‽š'i ‽jL‽Ki bvg ‽Lqvj Ki‽j ‼`L‽Z
cv‽eb wZbwU MÖ‽š'i bv‽g ïaygvÎ Ô‽kL gywReyi ingvbÕ ‼Ìqv| ‼Kv_vI Ôe½eÜzÕ ev ÔRvwZi wcZvÕ kãwU ‼bB| Gi KviY
n‽jv e½eÜz hLb GB wZbwU MÖš' ‼j‽Lb ZLb wZwb Ôe½eÜzÕ ev ÔRvwZi wcZvÕ Dcvwa cvbwb| ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ I
ÔKvivMv‽ii ‼ivRbvgPvÕ ‼jLvi mgq wQj lv‽Ui `kK Avi ÔAvgvi ‼`Lv bvqvPxbÕ iPbvi mgqKvj wQj cÂv‽ki `k‽Ki
1954 mvj| A‽bK PvKwi cixÿvi fvBfv ‼ev‽W© ‼h Kvi‽Y G wZbwU eB‽qi ‼jL‽Ki bvg wR‽Ám Kiv nq|]
e½eÜz‽K wb‽q wjwLZ Av‽jvwPZ eB
3053 w`b: 30 RyjvB, 2018 e½eÜzi mgMÖ †Rj Rxe‡bi Pz¤^K Ask wb‡q eBwU cÔKvwkZ nq| eBwU g~jZ
KvivMv‽ii ‼ivRbvgPv eB‡qi 25-30wU Pz¤^K Ask I Qwe|
e½eÜzi e³…Zv m¤¢vi: e½eÚzi 100wU fvl‡Yi mgš^‡q cÔKvwkZ MÔš'| Gi gyLeÚ wj‡Lb cÔavbgš‫‫‬x †kL nvwmbv|
e½eÜz ¯§„wZ mËv fwel¨r: byiæj Bmjvg bvwn` I Kwe wcqvm gwR`|
Rq evsjv: RvwZi wcZvi wewfbœ mvÿvrKvi I K‡_vcK_‡bi msKjb MÔš' ÓRq evsjvÖ| f~wgKv †j‡Lb †kL nvwmbv|
‽kL gywRe Avgvi wcZv: e½eÚz‡K wb‡q cÔavbgš‫‫‬x †kL nvwmbv wjwLZ ¯§…wZK_vg~jK AvZ¥‪RewbK iPbv|
‽`qvj (Dcb¨vm): ûgvqyb Avn‡g‬ iwPZ ivR‪bwZK Dcb¨vm|
gywRe fvB: mvsevw`K I Kjvwg÷ GweGg gymvi mv‡_ e½eÚzi e¨w³MZ m¤ú‡K©i Dci wjwLZ RxebxMÔš'|
Rb‽Ki gyL (MíMÕš’): e½eÚz‡K wb‡q ‡jLv †QvUMí| †hwU m¤úv‬bv K‡ib AvLZvi û‡mb|
e½eÜzi mnR cvV: eBwUi †jLK A_©bxwZwe‬ I evsjv‡‬k e¨vs‡Ki mv‡eK Mfb©i W. AvwZDi ingvb
e½eÜzi Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx cybc©vV: ivóªweÁvbx I RvZxq wek^we‬¨vj‡qi wfwm nviæb-Ai-ikx`|
‽k‽i evsjv nB‽Z e½eÜz: Aveyj gbmyi Avng`|
Ôe½eÜz I evsjv‽`k× I ÔwPiÃxe ‼kL gywRe×: Aa¨vcK Kexi †P×ayix|
e½eÜz RvwZ iv‽óªi RbK: cÖZ¨q Rwmg
e½eÜz ‼kL gywReyi ingvb I evOvjx: Kvgvj DwÏb Avn‡g‬
cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm

evsjvi cÖvPxb D‽jøL¨‽hvM¨ Rbc`mg~n
cÖvPxb hy‽M evsjv bv‽g ‼Kv‽bv ALÐ ivóª wQj bv| GwU ZLb KZK¸‽jv AÂ‽j wef³ wQj| AÂj¸‽jv Rbc` bv‽g
cwiwPZ wQj| cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc` 16wU Ges cÖavb Rbc` 9wU| ‼MŠo, e½, cyÛª, nwi‽Kj, mgZU, e‽i›`ª GiKg cÖvq
16wU Rbc‽ì K_v Rvbv hvq| Rbc`¸‽jvi g‽a¨ cÖvPxbZg nj cyÛª| cÖvPxb Rbc_¸‽jvi mxgv I we¯Í…wZ mwVKfv‽e
wbY©q Kiv Am¤¢e| ‼Kbb wewfbœ mg‽q Gme Rbc‽ì mxgvbv n«vm A_ev e„w× ‽c‽q‽Q|
cÖvPxb Rbc` eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb Ges we‽klZ¡
Ae¯’vb : fviZxq Dcgnv‡‬‡ki c~e©vÂ‡j
A½ we‽klZ¡: wLª÷c~e© 6 kZ‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡‬‡k c~e©vÂ‡j GwU weKvk jvf K‡i wKš` H kZvãx‡ZB
GwU gMa Øviv AaxK Z nq| cÔvPxb gnvfviZ, ‡e×× I ‪Rb MÔš'mg~‡n G Rbc‡‬i D‡jøL Av‡Q|
M½vFw×/M½vwiWvB Ae¯’vb: fviZxq Dcgnv‡‬‡ki e½ AÂj ev eZ©gvb evsjv‡‬k I cwðge½|
we‽klZ¡: wMÖK ch©UK †gMvw¯'wbm Zvui ÔBwÛKvÕ bvgK MÔ‡š' GB Rbc‡‬i bvg D‡jøL K‡ib| wMÔK I
jvwZb HwZnvwmK‡‬i g‡Z, Av‡jKRvÙvi †n‡i hvIqvi Avk¼vq M½vFw× AvµgY †_‡K m‡i
G‡mwQ‡jb| GB e›‬i ivR¨ ÓM½wiWvBÖi ivRavbx wQj Mv‡½ e›‬i|
cyÐª Ae¯’vb : e…nËi e¸ov, ivRkvnx, iscyi I w‬bvRcyi AÂj|
we‽klZ¡ : evsjvi cÖvPxbZg Rbc`|
ivRavbx: cyÐªbMi/cyÛª ea©b (eZ©gvb- e¸ovi gnv¯'vbMo)|
wb`k©b: wLª÷c~e© Z Zxq kZ‡Ki m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki wkjvwjwc|
e½ Ae¯’vb : dwi`cyi, gqgbwmsn, XvKv, ewikvj (ev‡KiMÃ) I cUzqvLvjx|
we‽klZ¡: Óe½Ö †_‡K ÓevOvwjÖ RvwZi DrcwË N‡UwQj|
we‽klZ_¨: evsjvi cÔvPxbZg eªvþx wjwc‡Z e‡½i ‬yBwU AÂ‡ji bvg cvIqv hvq| GKwU ÓweµgcyiÕ
hv eZ©gvb gywÝMÄ, bvivqYMÄ I cvk¦©eZ©x AÂj I Ab¨wU Óbve¨Ö eZ©gv‡b bve¨ e‡j †Kv‡bv RvqMvi
Aw¯ÍZ †bB| aviYv Kiv nq, dwi‬cyi, ev‡LiMÃ I cUzqvLvjxi wbPz Rjvfywg G bve¨ AÂ‡ji
AšÍfz©³ wQj|
mgZU Ae¯’vb : e…nËi Kzwgjøv, †bvqvLvjx I cve©Z¨ wÎcyiv|
ivRavbx: 7g kZ‡K mgZ‡Ui kvmK ivRf‡Æi ivRavbx wQj Kzwgjøvq eo KvgZv (Kg©všÍevmK) I
`kg kZ‽K P›`ªivRv‽ì ivRavbx wQj ‼èce©Z|
we‽klZ¡: c~e© I ‬wÿY c~e© evsjvq e‡½i cÔwZ‡ekx Rbc‬ wn‡m‡e mgZ‡Ui Ae¯'vb wQj| Pxbv ch©UK
wnD‡qb mvs mgZU ågY K‡i G msµvšÍ weeiYx wj‡L hvb|
wb`k©b: Kzwgjøvi gqbvgwZi cÖvPxb wb`k©b I kvjeb wenvi|
†M×o Ae¯’vb : PuvcvBbeveMÃ, gywk©‬vev‬, gvj‬n, ea©gvb I b‬xqv †Rjv|
we‽klZ¡ : evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb ivR¨|
ivRavbx wQj: KY©myeY© (eZ©gvb- gywk©‬vev‡‬)|
†M×‡oi ¯^vaxb bicwZ wQ‡jb kkv¼ (Dcvwa- †M×‡okî)|
kkv‽¼i g„Zzï ci ‼MØ‽oi ivRv nb: nl©ea©b|
g‽b ivL‽Z n‽e: ‡M×o Rbc‬fz³ evsjv‡‬‡ki GKgvÎ †Rjv PuvcvBbeveMÄ|
ivp/m~þ Ae¯’vb : fvMxi_x b`xi cwðg Zxi, ea©gvb, evuKzov, ‬wÿY †KvjKvZv (cy‡iv mxgvbv fvi‡Zi
cwðge‡½)|
iv‽pi Aci bvg: m~¶¥|
we‽klZ¡ : iv‽pi `wÿ‽Y ‼gw`bxcyi ‼Rjvq ÔZv¤ªwjß× I Ô`Ðfzw³Õ bv‡gi ‬ywU †QvU wefvM wQj|
ZrKvjxb ûMwj †Rjvi iƒcbvivqY b‡‬i m½g¯'j †_‡K 12 gvBj ‬~‡i iƒcbvivqY b‡‬i Zx‡i
ÔZv¤ªwjß wQj GKwU weL¨vZ ‼bØe›ì I evwYR¨‽K›`ªÖ (***)| eZ©gvb †gw‬bxcyi †Rjvi ZvgjyKB
GjvKvB wQj Zv¤ªwjß e›‬‡ii †K›‬ª¯'j| Aóg kZ‡K Zv¤ªwjß e›‬‡ii mg… w× bó nq|
niK~j ev nwi‡Kj Ae¯’vb : c~e© fviZ I evsjv‡‬‡ki wm‡jU, PÆMÔvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÔvg|
we‽klZ¡: XvKv wek^we‬¨vj‡qi iwÿZ ‬ywU wkjvwjwc‡Z nwi‡Kj‡K wm‡j‡Ui mg_©K ejv n‡q‡Q|
GwUi mgqKvj mßg kZK|
e‡i›‬ª Ae¯’vb : M½v I Ki‡Zvqvi gaëZ©x AÂj| cy‡Ðªi GKwU Ask Ry‡oB Gi Ae¯'vb wQj| eZ©gvb
e¸ov, w‬bvRcyi I cvebvi Ask Ry‡o e‡i›‬ª AÂj we¯Í…Z wQj|
we‽klZ¡ : evsjv‡‬‡ki GKgvÎ ¯^vaxb Rbc`|
iƒþ (AvivKvb) Ae¯’vb : K•evRvi, KY©dzjx b‬xi ‬wÿY Ask Ges gvqvbgv‡ii ivLvB‡bi (mv‡eK AvivKvb) wKQz
Ask wb‡q iƒþ Rbc` MwVZ wQj|
we‽kl Z_¨: iƒþ ev AvivKv‡bi Av‡iK bvg ÓivLvBbwc‡qÖ kã †_‡K ivLvBb kãwU G‡m‡Q|
P›`ªØxc/evKjv/ Ae¯’vb: eZ©gvb ewikvj, wc‡ivRcyi I ev‡Mnv‡Ui wKQz Ask| ga¨hy‡M eZ©gvb ewikvj †RjvB wQj
ev‡KiMÃ P›‬ªØx‡ci g~j f~LÐ I cÔvY‡K›‬ª| G cÔPxb Rbc‬wU ev‡jkî I †gNbvi gaëZ©x ¯'v‡b Aew¯'Z wQj|
we‽klZ¡: ÔAvBb-B-AvKeixÖ MÔ‡š' D‡jøwLZ evKjv ciMYv eZ©gvb ewikvj †Rjvi AšÍM©Z| cvj hy‡M
GwU ˆÎ‡jvK¨P‡›‬ªi kvmbvaxb f~LÐiƒ‡c kvwmZ n‡Zv|
mßMuvI Ae¯’vb: Lyjbv I e‡½vcmvMi ZxieZ©x AÂjwU cÔvPxbKv‡j mßMvuI bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| HwZnvwmK
g‡Z eZ©gvb Lyjbv kn‡ii cÔvPxi bvgB wQj mßMvuI|
we‽kl Z_¨: ‡mmgq mvZwU MÔvg wb‡q ivR¨wU M‡o D‡VwQj| Pvik kZ‡Ki Av‡M mßMvuI mvZwU
c…_K mvgšÍ kvm‡Ki Aax‡b kvwmZ n‡Zv| c‡i ewntkÎæ †_‡K wb‡R‡‬‡i iÿv Kivi Rb¨ MÔvg¸‡jv
GKxf~Z n‡q mßMvuI ivR¨ M‡o †Zvjv nq| cÔvPxbKv‡j Rbc‬wU †b×c‡_i †hvMv‡hvM I †b×e›‬‡ii
Rb¨ weL¨vZ wQj|
Kvgiƒc Ae¯’vb: eªþcyÎ b‡‬i ZxieZ©x fvi‡Zi Avmvg I †gNvjq ivR¨; evsjv‡‬‡ki iscyi, gqgbwmsn I
wm‡jU wefv‡Mi DËi Ask I cwðge‡½i RjcvB¸wo wefvM|
we‽kl Z_¨: cvj ivRv‡‬i cZ‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_B Kvgiƒc iv‡Rï Aw¯ÍZ †kl n‡q hvq|
eZ©gv‡b Avmv‡gi Kvgiƒc †Rjvi bv‡gi ga¨ w‬‡q GB iv‡Rï bvg AvRI wU‡K Av‡Q|
wewmGm cÕkœ
1. cÔvPxb evsjvi nwi‡Kj Rbc‬ AÂjfz³ GjvKv- [38Zg wewmGm]
K. ivRkvnx L. w`bvRcyi M. Lyjbv N. PÆMÖvg DËi: N
2. evsjvi me© cÔvPxb Rbc‡‬i bvg wK? [36Zg wewmGm]
K. cyÐªy L. Zv¤ªvwjß M. †M×o N. nwi‡Kj DËi: K
3. evsjv (‡‬k I fvlv) bv‡gi DrcwË welqwU †Kvb MÔ‡š' me©vwaK D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q? [36Zg wewmGm]
K. AvjgMxi bvgv L. AvBb-B-AvKeix M. ZzRyK-B-AvKeix N. AvKei bvgv DËi: L
4. cÔvPxb ÓcyÙªbMiÖ †Kv_vq Aew¯'Z [25Zg wewmGm]
K. gqbvgwZ L. weµgcyi M. gnv¯'vbMo N. cvnvocyi DËi: M
5. eZ©gvb e…nËi XvKv †Rjv cÔvPxbKv‡j †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯'Z? [24Zg wewmGm (evwZj)]
K. mgZU L. cyÐªy M. e½ N. nwi‡Kj DËi: M
6. cÔvPxb †M×o bMixi Askwe‡kl evsjv‡‬‡ki †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯'Z? [13Zg wewmGm]
K. Kzwôqv L. e¸ov M. Kzwgjøv N. PvucvBbeveMÄ DËi: N
AvIi½‽Re (1658-1707)
 G‡K G‡K me fvB‡K c_ †_‡K mwi‡q wmsnvm‡bi P~ovšÍ DËivwaKvi nb AvIi½‡Re|
 AvjgMxi bv‡gI cwiwPZ wQ‡jb wZwb|
 AvMÔv †_‡K AvU gvBj c~‡e© 29 †g, 1658 msNwUZ nq (mvgyM‡oi) hy×| G hy‡× Rqjvf K‡ib AvIi½‡Re|
 AvIi½‡Re wmsnvm‡b e‡mbÑ 1658 mv‡j|
 ÿgZvq wQ‡jbÑ 49 eQi|
 DËivwaKvixÑ evnv`yi kvn (cÖ_g)
 ‡kl †gvNj m¤ªvUÑ 2q evnv‬yi kvn|
cvwbc_
cvwbc_ ej‽j A‽b‽K ‼Kvb b`xi bvg ev cvwb cÖev‽ni iv¯Ív g‽b K‽ib| Avm‽j cvwbc_ nj fvi‽Zi nwiqvbv iv‽Rï
cvwbc_ ‼Rjvi GKwU kni| GLv‽b fviZ Dcgnv‽`‽ki BwZnv‽m Ôcvwbc‽_i hy×Õ wn‽m‽e L¨vZ wZbwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæËc~Y©
hy× msNwUZ nq| cvwbc‽_i hy× wZbwU h_vµ‽g 1526, 1556 Ges 1761 mv‽j GB kn‽ii wbKU msNwUZ nq|
1. cÔ_g hy‡× gyNj †bZv evei 1526 mv‡i w‬jøxi AvdMvb myjZvb Beªvwng †jvw‬i ‪mb¨‡‬i civwRZ K‡i fvi‡Z gyNj
mv¤ªv‡Rï wfwË ¯'vcb K‡ib|
2. wØZxq hy‡× 1556 mv‡j eve‡ii †c×Î AvKei eve‡ii DËivwaKvix‡K wmsnvmbPz¨ZKvix AvdMvb ivRes‡ki
†mbvevwnbx‡K civwRZ K‡ib Ges gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cybtcÔwZôv K‡ib|
3. Z Zxq hy‡× 1761 mv‡j Kv›‬vnv‡ii AvdMvb ivRv Avng‬ kvn gvivVv I wkL‡‬i civwRZ K‡ib Ges fvi‡Z gvivVv-
kvwmZ iv‡Rï cZb NUvb|
wewmGm cixÿvi cÕkœ
1. wb‡Pi †gvNj m¤ªvU‡‬i g‡a¨ †K cÔ_g AvZ¥Rxebx wj‡LwQ‡jb? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. AvKei L. evei M. kvnRvnvb N. ûgvqyb DËi: L
2. evsjv (‡‬k I fvlv) bv‡gi DrcwË welqwU †Kvb MÔ‡š' me©vwaK D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q? [36Zg wewmGm]
K. AvjgMxibvgv L. AvBb-B-AvKeix M. ZzRyK-B-AvKeix N. AvKeibvgv DËi: L
3. XvKvi jvjev‡Mi ‬yM© wbg©vY K‡ib [36Zg wewmGm]
K. kvn myRv L. kv‡q¯Ív Lvb M. my‡e‬vi Bmjvg Lvb N. gxi Rygjv DËi: L
4. ‡K evsjvi mvj MYbv ïiæ K‡i? [32Zg wewmGm]
K. j²Y †mb L. Bwjqvm kvn M. weRq †mb N. AvKei DËi: N
5. evsjv m‡bi cÔeZ©K †K? [31Zg wewmGm]
K. Rvnv½xi L. AvKei M. †kikvn N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: L
6. evsjv beel© ev c‡njv ‪ekvL †K Pvjy K‡ib? [26Zg wewmGm]
K. AvKei L. weRq †mb M. j²Y †mb N. Bwjqvm kvn DËi: K
7. ‡Kvb gyNj m¤ªvU evsjvi bvg †‬b ÓRvbœvZvev‬Ö? [10Zg wewmGm]
K. evei L. ûgvqyb M. AvKei N. Rvnv½xi DËi: L
Abykxjbx
1. ‡Kvb Avg‡j cÔvPxb evsjvi †M×ie Ógmwjb KvcoÖ M. jÿYveZx N. KzPwenvi DËi: N
XvKvq ˆZwi nZ? 9. ‡UvWigj †K?
K. cvj Avg‡j L. gyNj Avg‡j K. AvKe‡ii ag©gš‫‫‬x L. AvKe‡ii A_©gš‫‫‬x
M. †mb Avg‡j N. Bs‡iR Avg‡j DËi: L M. AvKe‡ii mgigš‫‫‬x
2. jvjevM ‬y‡M©i Af¨šÍ‡ii mgvwa‡Z mgvwnZ kv‡q¯Ív N. AvKe‡ii cwiKíbv gš‫‫‬x DËi: L
Lv‡bi GK Kb¨vi Avmj bvgÑ 10. ÔwRwRqvÕ wQjÑ
K. cix wewe L. Bivb `yL&Z K. evwYR¨ Ki L. Drme Ki
M. Rvnvbviv N. wewe gwiqg DËi: L M. Agymjgvb‡‬i Dci avh© f~wg Ki
3. ‡Kvb gyNj m¤ªvU evsjvi bvg †‬b ÓRvbœvZvev‬Ö? N. Agymjgvb‡‬i Dci avh© mvgwiK Ki DËi: N
K. evei L. ûgvqyb 11. gyNj m¤ªvU‡‬i g‡a¨ AvZ¥Rxebx iPbv K‡iwQ‡jbÑ
M. AvKei N. Rvnv½xi DËi: L K. eveyi L. AvKei
4. ‡kl gyNj m¤ªvU wQ‡jbÑ M. kvnRvnvb N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: K
K. evei L. evnv`yi kvn Rvdi 12. kvnRvnv‡bi Kwbô cÔÎÑ
M. AvIi½‡Re N. kvnRvnvb DËi: L K. `viv L. gyiv`
5. cÖPwjZ evsjv mb ïiæ nqÑ M. myRv N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: L
K. 1556 wLª L. 1594 wLª 13. ‡Kvb m‡b m¤ªvU AvKei evsjvi kvmbfvi MÖnY
M.1595 wLª N. 1596 wLª DËi: K K‡ib?
6. evsjvi gymwjg kvmbvg‡j ÓAveIqveÖ kãwU †Kvb K. 1575 L. 1572
†ÿ‡Î eëüZ n‡Zv? M. 1556 N. 1576 DËi: N
K. b`x L. cvwb 14. Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÖ cÔeZ©b K‡ibÑ
M. LvRbv N. Rwg DËi: M K. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi L. m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb
7. ÔZvRgnjÕ- †K cÔwZôv K‡i‡Qb? M. m¤ªvU AvKei N. m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re DËi: M
K. AvKei L. Rvnv½xi 15. Ôgq~i wmsnvmbÕ Gi wbg©vZvÑ
M. kvnRvnvb N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: M K. AvKei L. kvnRvnvb
8. AvjgMxibMi †Kv_vq cÔwZwôZ n‡qwQj? M. ûgvq~b N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: L
K. cvÐzqv L. wenvi 16. wØZxq evnv‬yi kvn‡K wbe©vwmZ Kiv nqÑ
K. †Mvqvg L. Av›‬vgv‡b 29. ‡Kvb m¤ªvU e½‡‬‡k KzwV wbg©v‡bi AbygwZ †‬b?
M. _vBj¨vÛ N. †i½y‡b DËi: N K. Rvnv½xi L. kvnRvnvb
17. m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb gyNj es‡ki KZZg kvmK? M. AvIi½‡Re N. diiæL †kqvi DËi: L
K. Z Zxq L. PZz_© 30. Rvjvj DwÏb †gvnv¤§‬ AvKei gyNj mv¤ªv‡Rï
M. cÂg N. lô DËi: M KZZg m¤ªvU wQ‡jb?
18. ‡K ev‬kvn AvjgMx‡ii fvB wQ‡jb bv K. cÂg L. Z Zxq
K. myRv L. gyiv` M. PZz_© N. wØZxq DËi: L
M. †kikvn N. `viv DËi: M 31. cvÆv I KeywjqZ cÔ_vi cÔeZ©K †K?
19. Ôeyjey¨j-B-wn›‬Ö Kv‡K ejv nq? K. ûgvqyb L. AvKei
K. Zvb‡mb‡K L. Avgxi Lmiæ‡K M. kvnRvnvb N. †kikvn DËi: N
M. Aveyj dRj‡K N. Mvwje‡K DËi: L 32. jyØbwcÔq ÓewM©Ö ejv n‡Zv Kv‡‬i?
20. ‡h we‡‬wk ivRv fvi‡Zi †Kvwnbyi gwY I gqyi K. gvivVx ˆmb¨‬j‡K L. †gvNj ˆmb¨‬j‡K
wmsnvmb jyU K‡ibÑ M. evg©vi ˆmb¨‬j‡K
K. Avng` kvn Ave`vwj L. bvwì kvn N. Bs‡iwR ‪mb¨‬j‡K DËi: K
M. wØZxq kvn AveÝvm N. myjZvb gvngy` DËi: L 33. evsjv beel© Óc‡njv êkvLÖ Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb †K?
21. kvnRvnv‡bi Kb¨v Rvnvb Aviv †Kvb åvZv‡K mg_©b K. weRq †mb L. m¤ªvU AvKei
K‡iwQ‡jb? M. jÿY †mb N. m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb DËi: L
K. gyiv` L. myRv 34. Ôev`kvn AvjgMxi, Kzgv‡i Zvnvi covBZ GK †g×jwf
M. `viv N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: M w‬jøxiÖ| AvjgMxi n‡‧QbÑ
22. ‡UvWi‡g‡ji bvg †Kvb ms¯‹v‡ii m‡½ RwoZ? K. m¤ªvU evei L. m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re
K. ag©xq L. mvgwiK M. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi N. m¤ªvU AvKei DËi: L
M. ivR¯^ N. mvgvwRK DËi: M 35. evsjv bee‡l© c‡njv ‪ekvL Pvjy K‡ib †K?
23. Zvb‡mb †Kvb gyNj ¯ªgv‡Ui mfv-MvqK wQ‡jb? K. j²Y †mb L. m¤ªvU AvKei
K. AvKei L. evei M. evei N. †ki kvn DËi: L
M. ûgvqyb N. mevi DËi: K 36. ‡Kvb †gvNj m¤ªv‡Ui mgq evsjv wewRZ nq?
24. m¤ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi †Kvb cyÎ evsjvi kvmbKZ©v K. evei L. Rvnv½xi
wQ‡jb? M. AvKei N. kvnRvnvb DËi: M
K. `viv L. kvn myRv 37. ‡gvNj Avg‡j ivRgn‡ji bvgKiY nq?
M. gyiv` N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: L K. myRvbMi L. AvKeibMi
25. Who was the last emperor of Mughal Reign? L. gyiv`bMi N. Rvnv½xibMi DËi: L
K. Bahadur Shah L. 2nd Mohishur Shah 38. gyNj mv¤ªv‡Ri cÔwZôvZv †K wQ‡jb?
M. Shah Alam Shah N. Shirajdullah DËi: K K. m¤ªvU evei L. ûgvqyb
26. G †‬‡k miKvwi Kv‡R ÓdviwmÖ fvlv Pvjy K‡ib †K? M. gynv¤§` Nyix N. Av‡jKRvÙvi DËi: K
K. û‡mb kvn L. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi 39. ‡gvMj m¤ªvU eve‡ii cy‡iv bvg wK?
M. ivRv †UvWigj N. Bs‡iRiv DËi: L K. ‪Zgyi js L. RvwniDÏxb
27. ‡Kvb ‡gvNj m¤ªvU ÓwRwRqv KiÖ iwnZ K‡ib? M. RvjvjDÏxb N. mvgmyÏxb DËi: L
K. ûgvqyb L. AvKei 40. AvMÔvi ‬y‡M©i wbg©vZv †K?
M. kvnRvnvb N. AvIi½‡Re DËi: L K. m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb L. m¤ªvU ûgvqyb
28. ‡gvNj Avg‡j XvKvi bvg Kx wQj? M. m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re N. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi DËi: K
K. †M×o K. ‡mvbviMvu 41. Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÖ ag©g‡Zi cÔe³v †K?
M. XvKv N. Rvnv½xi bMi DËi: N K. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi L. m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re
M. m¤ªvU evei N. m¤ªvU AvKei DËi: N 45. ‡kl †gvNj m¤ªvU evnv‬yi kv‡ni Kei †Kv_vq?
42. gyNj Avg‡j XvKvi bvg Kx wQ‡jb? K. w`wjø L. AvMÖv
K. Bmjvgvev` L. Rvnv½xibMi M. Bqv½yb N. jv‡nvi DËi: M
M. weµgcyi N. †mvbviMvuI DËi: L 46. ‡gvNj m¤ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii mgvwa †Kv_vq?
43. m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii mgvwa †Kv_vq? K. w‬wjø‡Z L. AvMÖvq
K. †mKv›‬ªv L. d‡Zncyi wmKix M. AvKei N. Rvnv½xi DËi: M
M. Agi‡KvU N. AvMÖv DËi: K 47. gyNj m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii wcZvgn †K wQ‡jb?
44. gyNj kvmbvg‡ji †Kvb µgwU wVK Av‡Q? K. evei L. ûgvqyb
K. evei-ûgvqyb-Rvnv½xi-AvKei M. êivg Lvu N. Rvnv½xi DËi: K
L. evei-Rvnv½xi-ûgvqyb-kvnRvnvb 48. bvw‬i kvn fviZ AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb †Kvb mv‡j?
M. evei-ûgvqyb-AvKei-Rvnv½xi K. 1761 L. 1793
N. evei-AvKei-Rvnv½xi-kvnRvnvb DËi: M M. 1739 N. 1760 DËi: M
5. AvaywbK evsjv
NUbv ms‡ÿ‡c: evsjv‽`k Z_v fviZxq Dcgnv‽`k kvmbKvix ‼kl ivRes‽ki bvg ÔweªwUk ivRÕ| Giv evwYwR¨K D‽Ï‽k¨
1608 wLª÷v‽ã fvi‽Z AvMgb K‽i| Z‽e ZLb weªwUk ivR mivmwi fvi‽Z AvMgb K‽iwb| weªwUk iv‽Ri c„ô‽cvlKZvq
weª‽U‽bi eëmv cÖwZôvb ÔB÷ BwÛqv ‼Kv¤úvwbÕ 1608 wLª÷v‽ã fvi‽Zi myiv‽U cÖ_g evwYwR¨K `ßi ¯'vcb K‽i| myivU
eZ©gv‽b ¸RivU iv‽Rï wØZxq e„nËg bMix| 1612 wLª÷v‽ã ‽Kv¤úvwb evsjvq cÖ_g evwYwR¨K Awdm ¯'vcb K‽i| 1690
wLª÷v‽ã ‼Kv¤úvwb ZrKvjxb evsjvi KjKvZvq wekvj evwYwR¨K `ßi M‽o ‼Zv‽j| 1757 wLª÷v‽ã ‼Kv¤úvwb evsjv, wenvi
Ges Dwol¨vi beve (kvmK) wmivR-D`-‽`Šjv‽K cjvwki hy‽× civwRZ K‽i| AZtci bvbviKg K~U-‽KŠk‽ji gva¨‽g
Zviv 1772 wLª÷v‽ã evsjv, wenvi Ges Dwol¨vi kvmbfvi MÖnY K‽i| AviI c‽i cy‽iv fviZ Dcgnv‽`k `Lj K‽i|
1833 wLª÷v‽ã weªwUk cvj©v‽g›U fviZ‽K weªwUk K‽jvwb wn‽m‽e ‼NvlYv K‽i| 1772 ‽_‽K 1857 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ B÷
BwÛqv ‼Kv¤úvwb fviZ Dcgnv‽`k kvmb K‽i, ‼hLv‽b evsjv‽`kI AšÍfz©³ wQj; A_©vr ZLb evsjv‽`k weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv
‼Kv¤úvwbi kvmbvaxb weªwUk fvi‽Zi Ask wQj|
1857 wLª÷v‽ã B÷ BwÛqv ‼Kv¤úvwbi ‼mbvevwnbxi fviZxq wmcvwniv weªw Uk‽ì weiæ‽× we‽`ªvn K‽i| IB we‽`ªv‽ni
NUbv-cÖevn‽K ‼K›`ª K‽i 1859 wLª÷v‽ãi 1 Rvbyqvwi weªwUk ivR fviZ Dcgnv‽`k Z_v weªwUk fvi‽Zi kvmbfvi MÖnY
K‽i| d‽j ZLb eZ©gvb evsjv‽`kI weªwUk kvmbvaxb nq| evsjv‽`k 1757 ‽_‽K 1858 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ B÷ BwÛqv
‼Kv¤úvwbi Ges 1959 ‽_‽K 1947 wLª÷v‽ãi 14 AvM÷ ch©šÍ weªwUk fvi‽Zi kvmbvaxb wQj| ZLb evsjv wQj weªwUk
fvi‽Zi GKwU cÖ‽`k| Bs‽iRiv cÖ‽`k‽K ‼cÖwm‽WwÞ bv‽g AwfwnZ KiZ| 1947 wLª÷v‽ã 14 AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb Ges 15
AvM÷ fviZ weªwUk‽ì wbKU ‼_‽K ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‽i| ZLb eZ©gvb evsjv‽`k Ôc~e©e½Õ cÖ‽`k bvg aviY K‽i cvwK¯Ív‽b
AšÍfz©³ nq| 1956 wLª÷v‽ã cvwK¯Ív‽bi cÖ_g msweavb iwPZ nq| ZLb c~e©e‽½i bvg cwieZ©b K‽i c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Kiv
nq|
1700 wLª÷c~e© ‼_‽K 1947 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ 3647 eQi evsjv‽`k ‼NvwlZ ivRkvmb A_ev mv¤ªvwR¨K kvm‽bi Aaxb wQj|
1947 wLª÷v‽ã ‼NvwlZ mv¤ªvwR¨K kvm‽bi Aemvb N‽U| ZLb MYZš¿, Aeva wbe©vPb, ¯^ -kvm‽bi AwaKvi, b¨vqwePvi Ges
b¨vh¨ AwaKvicÖvwßi ¯^cœ wb‽q evsjv‽`k (c~e©e½) cvwK¯Ív‽b AšÍfz©³ nq|
evOvwj‽ì Ggb ¯^cœ ‼`Lvi ‼cQ‽b ‼hŠw³K KviY wQj| evOvwjiv GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‽óªi cÖZ¨vkv wb‽q weªwUk we‽ivax
Av‽›`vj‽b mswµq f~wgKv iv‽L| ZrKvjxb evsjvi gymjgvb Ges fvi‽Zi DËi-cwðg As‽ki (eZ©gvb cvwK¯Ívb)
gymjgv‽biv HK¨g‽Zï wfwË‽Z jv‽nvi cÖ¯Íve cÖYqb K‽i| fviZ wef³ K‽i cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói g~j wfwË wQj jv‽nvi
cÖ¯Íve|
evsjvq BD‽ivcxq‽ì AvMgb
mvZ kZK †_‡K Dcgnv‡‬‡ki Avie ewYK‡‬i Rbc‡_i gva¨‡g eëmv evwbR¨ wQj GK‡PwUqv, wKš` 1453 mv‡j
A‡Uvg¨vb ZzKx©iv KÜUvw›U‡bv‡cvj ‬Lj Ki‡j BD‡ivcxq‡‬i ¯'jc‡_ Gwkqvi mv‡_ evwY‡Rï c_ eÚ n‡q hvq ZvB
Zv‡‬i Rjc‡_ eëmv evwY‡Rï bZzb Rjc_ Avwe®‹v‡ii cÔ‡qvRb c‡o| ev‡_©v‡jvwgD w‬qvR bv‡g GKRb cZz©MxR
me©cÔ_g BD‡ivc †_‡K Avwd«Kvi DËgvkv AšÍixc n‡q mgy‬ªc‡_ c~e©w‬‡K Avmvi Rjc_ Avwe®‹vi K‡i 1487 mv‡j|
cieZ©x‡Z G Rjc_ a‡i fv‡¯‹v-`v-Mvgv fviZe‡l© Av‡mb 1498 mv‡j| D‡jøL¨, BD‡iv‡ci AšÍZ 5wU Jcwb‡ewkK kw³
fviZe‡l© Av‡m|
m¨vi ˆmq` Avng` Lvb I AvjxMo Av‽›`vjb
 MvRxcyi weÁvb mwgwZi cÔwZôvZv †K?Ñ m¨vi ˆmq‬ Avng‬ Lvb|
 KjZKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©i cÔ_g gymwjg wePvicwZ ˆmq‬ gvngy‬ ‡K wQ‡jb?Ñ m¨vi ˆmq‬ Avng‬ Lv‡bi cyÎ|
 AvjxMo Av‡›‬vj‡bi cÔwZôvZv †K?Ñ m¨vi ˆmq‬ Avng‬ Lvb|
 AvjxMo weÁvb mwgwZ KZ ©K Bs‡iwR I D‬y©‡Z cÔKvwkZ cwÎKvwUi bvg wK wQj?Ñ The Aligarh Institute Gazettee.
 ÓAvjxMo Bbw÷wUDU †M‡RUÖ KZ eQi Pvjy wQj?Ñ 1866-1898 mvj ch©šÍ|
 ‘Essays on the life of Mohammad’ MÔš'wUi †jLK †K?Ñ m¨vi ˆmq‬ Avng‬ Lvb|
 gymjgvbiv wmcvnx we‡‬ªv‡ni mv‡_ RwoZÑ weªwUk miKv‡ii G m‡›‬n ‬~i Ki‡Z ˆmq‬ Avng‬ Lvb †Kvb MÔš' iPbv
K‡ib?Ñ Loyal Mohammedans of India.
 ‪mq‬ Avng‬ Lv‡bi wcZv †Kvb gyNj m¤ªv‡Ui eÚz I DRxi wQ‡jb?Ñ m¤ªvU wØZxq AvKei|
nvRx gyn¤§` gynmxb
 nvRx gynmxb KZ mv‡j Rb¥MÔnY K‡ib?Ñ 1730 mv‡j|
 nvRx gyn¤§‬ gynmxb KZ mv‡j g…ZzëiY K‡ib?Ñ 1812 mv‡j|
 ûMjx Bgvgevov †K wbg©vY K‡ib?Ñ nvRx gyn¤§‬ gynmxb|
 ‬vbexi nvRx gyn¤§‬ gynmxb Zvi mg¯Í m¤úwË ‬vb †Kv_vq K‡iwQ‡jb?Ñ wkÿv we¯Ív‡i|
 gybœyRvb Lvb‡gi mv‡_ nvRx gyn¤§‬ gynmx‡bi m¤úK© wK?Ñ êwc‡Îq eMœx|
 nvRx gynmxb Kvi KvQ †_‡K A‡Xj m¤úwË jvf K‡ib?Ñ wbtmšÍvb fMœx gybœyRvb Lvb‡gi|
Bqs ‼e½j Av‽›`vjb I wW‽ivRvwiI
 Bqs †e½j Av‡›‬vjb †Kvb K‡jR‡K †K›‬ª K‡i M‡o I‡V?Ñ wn›‬y K‡jR|
 Bqs †e½j Av‡›‬vjb cÔe³v †K?Ñ wn›‬y K‡j‡Ri wkÿK †nbwi jyB wfwfqvb wW‡ivRvwiI|
 wW‡ivRvwiI K‡e wn›‬y K‡j‡Ri wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb?Ñ 1826 mv‡ji †g gv‡m|
 wW‡ivRvwiI †Kvb RvwZi †jvK wQ‡jb?Ñ cZz©wMR es‡kv™~Z BD‡iwkqvb|
 wW‡ivRvwiI †Kv_vq wkÿvjvf K‡ib?Ñ ag©Zjvi n«vgÙ mv‡n‡ei ¯‹y‡j|
 Bqs †e½j Av‡›‬vj‡bi me‡P‡q eo ‬ye©jZv wQj †KvbwU?Ñ cvðv‡Zï cÔwZ AÚ AvbyMZ¨|
 Bqs †e½j Av‡›‬vjb‡K we‡klZ †Kvb a‡g©i Abymvixiv mybR‡i †‬L‡Zv bv?Ñ wn›‬ya‡g©i †Mvuov Abymvixiv|
 evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ DbœwZ m¤^‡Ú Dqs †e½j †Mvôx cÔwZwôZ ms¯'vi bvg wK wQj?Ñ me©Z‡Ë ‬xwcKv mfv|
 Bqs †e½j KZ ©K cÔKvwkZ cwÎKvÑ The Conquerer.
ZË¡‽evwabx mfv
 ÓZË‡evwabx mfvÖ cÔwZôv K‡ib †K?Ñ †‬‡e›‬ªbv_ VvKzi|
 ÓZË‡evwabx mfvÖ KZ ©K cÔKvwkZ cwÎKvi bvg wK wQj?Ñ ZË‡evwabx cwÎKv|
 weweav_© msMÔn cwÎKvi m¤úv‬K †K wQ‡jb?Ñ ivRv iv‡R›‬ªjvj wgÎ|
 KZ mv‡j e½fvlvbyev‬ mgvR cÔwZwôZ nq?Ñ 1850 mv‡j|
we‽`ªvn I Av‽›`vjb
GKbR‡i evsjvi ¸iæZc~Y© we‡‬ªvn I Av‡›‬vjb

bvg mgqKvj ‽bZ…Z¡`vbKvix/RwoZ e¨w³Z¡
dwKi mbœ¨mx Av‡›‬vjb ïiæ 1763 mv‡j gRby kvn, gymv kvn, fevbx cvVK cÖgyL
PvKgv we‡‬ªvn 1777 mvj n‡Z 1787 mvj PvKgv ivRv †Rvqvb eKm Lvu
wZZzgxi Av‡›‬vjb --- gxi †bQvi Avjx (wZZzgxi)
div‡qRx Av‡›‬vjb --- nvRx kixqZzjøvn I `y`y wgqv
mvuIZvj we‡‬ªvn 1855 mvj wmay I Kvby
wmcvwn we‡‬ªvn 1857 mvj wmcvwn g½jcv‡Ð, nvwej‬vi iRe Avjx, Svuwmi ivwb
j²xevC, ZvuwZqv †Uvwc cÔgyL
bxj we‡‬ªvn 1859-60 mvj m`©vi wek^bv_, weòzPiY wek^vm I w`M¤î wek^vm
mk¯‫ ‫‬wecøex A‡›‬vjb 1930-31 mvj gv÷vi‬v m~h©‡mb, cÔxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï‬vi
wLjvdZ Av‡›‬vjb --- gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx I kIKZ Avjx
Amn‡hvM Av‡›‬vjb 1920-21 mvj gnvZ¥v MvÜx
‡ZfvMv Av‡›‬vjb 1946-47 mvj Bjv wgÎ
fviZ Qvo Av‡›‬vjb 1942 mv‡ji 8 AvM÷ gnvZ¥v MvÜx
wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxM MVb
 e½f‡½i †cÔw‣‡Z c~e© e‡½i gymjgvb‡‬i cÔ_g ivR‪bwZK ‬j Ñ gymwjg jxM|
 gymwjg jxM cÔwZwôZ nq Ñ 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤î |
 cÔavb D‡‬¨v³vÑ bIqvi m¨vi mwjgyjøvn, AvMv Lvb, wfKvi-Dj-g~jyK|
 gymwjg jxM cÖwZôvq me‡P‡q †ewk Ae‬vbÑ beve mwjgyjøv‡ni|
 gymwjg jx‡Mi cÔK Z bvg wQj Ñ wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxM|
 gymwjg jxM cÔwZwôZ nq Ñ XvKvi kvnev‡M|
 gymwjg jx‡Mi cÔ_g Awa‡ekb nq Ñ XvKvq|
 gymwjg jx‡Mi cÔ_g Awa‡ek‡b mfvcwZZ K‡ibÑ beve wfKviæjg~jK|
¯^‽`kx Av‽›`vjb
 e½f‡½i cÔwZev‡‬ Bs‡iRwe‡ivax Av‡›‬vjbÑ ¯^‡‬kx Av‡›‬vjb|
 ¯^v‡‬kx Av‡›‬vjbÑ Bs‡iR we‡ivax ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›‬vjb|
 ¯^‡‬kx Av‡›‬vj‡bi g~j K_v Ñ wejvZx cY¨ eR©b I †‬wk c‡Yï eënvi|
 ¯^‡‬kx Av‡›‬vjb M‡o I‡V Ñ e½f‡½i ‡cÔw‣‡Z|
 ¯^‡‬kx Av‡›‬vj‡bi †bZ…Z †‬bÑ my‡i›‬ªbv_ e‡›‬¨vcva¨vq|
 ‣zw‬ivg‡K duvwm †‬Iqv nq Ñ 1908 mv‡j|
 evsjvi MÔv‡g MÔv‡g Ny‡i Óc‡iv bv †ikgx Pzwo e½bvixÖ Mvb †M‡q RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ¯^‡‬kx Av‡›‬vj‡bi c‡‣ Zxeª Av‡eM
m…wó K‡ibÑ ewikv‡ji PviY Kwe gyKz›‬ ‬vm|
 cÖ_g ch©vq: mfv-mwgwZ‡Z e³ Zv ‬vb Ges cÔ¯Íve MÔn‡Yi gva¨‡g cÔwZev‬ Ávcb|
 wØZxq ch©vq: AvZ¥kw³ MVb I RvZxq wkÿv Av‡›‬vjb|
 Z…Zxq ch©vq: eqKU ev wejvwZ cY¨ eR©b Ges ¯^v‡‬wk c‡Yï Drcv‬b I eënvi eqKU bxwZ mdj Ki‡Z K òKzgvi wgÎ,
my‡i›‬ªbv_ e‡›‬¨vcva¨vq, KvjxcÔmbœ Kve¨ wekvi‬ Ges gwZjvj †Nvl Zvu‡‬i †jLwb Øviv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|
 PZz_© ch©vq: êcøweK ev mk¯‫ ‫‬Av‡›‬vjb (1911-1930)|
e½f½ i` (1911)

jW© Pvj©m nvwW©Ã 1911 mv‡ji 25 AvM÷ †Mvc‡b ‡cÔwiZ GK evZ©vq fvi‡Z cÔkvm‡b wbw‬©ó wKQz cwieZ©‡bi mycvwik
K‡i| Mfb©i †Rbv‡i‡ji Aby‡iv‡a ivRv cÂg RR© 1911 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m w‬wjø‡Z Zvui ivR¨wf‡lK Dcj‡ÿ e½f½
i‬ Kiv I fvi‡Zi cÔkvm‡b mywb‬©ó KwZcq cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ cÔ_g wQ‡jv fviZ miKv‡ii
ivRavbx KjKvZvi cwie‡Z© w‬wjø‡Z nIqv DwPZ| AZx‡Zi gymwjg †M×i‡ei bM‡i ivRavbx ¯'vbvšÍwiZ Kivi gva¨‡g
weªwUkMY c~e© evsjvq cÔv‡‬wkK ÿgZv I we‡kl my‡hvM-myweav nviv‡bv gymjgvb m¤úª‬vq‡K kvšÍ Kivi Avkv KiwQj|
wefw³i AvbyôvwbK cwimgvwß I evsjvi cybGKÎxKiY nq 1912 mv‡ji 1 GwcÔj|
 e½f½ i` †NvlYv nq Ñ 1911 mv‡j wW‡m¤^‡i|
 e½f½ i‬ Kvh©Ki nqÑ20 Rvbyqvwi, 1912 mv‡j|
 ‬yB evsjv cyb‡iKÎxKiY nq- 1912 mv‡ji 1 GwcÔj|
 e½f½ i‬Kvjxb weªwUk ivRv wQ‡jb Ñ 5g RR©|
 e½f½ i‡‬i Rb¨ mycvwik K‡ibÑ jW© nvwW©Ã|
 cÂg RR©‡K fvM¨weavZv e‡j †NvlYv K‡ibÑ Kwe iex›‬ªbv_|
 e½f½ i‡‬i †NvlYv †‬bÑ weªwUk ivRv cÂg RR©|
 e½f½ i‬ K‡ib Ñ jW© nvwW©Ã|
**e½f½ i‡ì d‡j c~e©e‡½i RbMY weªwUk miKv‡ii cÖwZ ÿzä n‡j Zv AemvbK‡í 1921 mv‡ji 1 Ryj vB XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôv K‡i weªwUk miKvi|
1954 mv‽ji wbe©vPb
hy³d«‽›Ui wbe©vPb 1954
 hy³d«›U MwVZ nq Ñ 4 wW‡m¤î, 1953 mv‡j|  gymwjg jxM Ñ 9wU I Z¯^Zš‫ ‫‬Ñ 5wU
 hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPb nq Ñ 10 gvP©, 1954 mv‡j|  dwmjx †dWv‡ikb 27wU (2q m‡e©v‧P Avmb)|
 hy³d«›U wbe©vP‡b AskMÔnY K‡i Ñ 21 ‬dv wb‡q|  wbe©vP‡b civRq eiY K‡i Ñ gymwjg jxM|
 21 `dvi cÖ_g `dv Ñ ivóªfvlv evsjv|  hy³d«›U gwš‫‫‬mfv MVb K‡i Ñ 3 GwcÔj, 1954 mv‡j|
 hy³d«‡›Ui ‬j wQj Ñ 4wUÑ  hy³d«›U gš‫‫‬xmfv †f‡O †‬qv nq Ñ 1954 mv‡j (gvÎ 56 w‬‡bi gv_vq)|
1. AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM 2. K lK cÔRv cvwU©  hy³d«›U miKvi MwVZ nq Ñ †k‡i evsjvi †bZ ‡Z|
3. †bRv‡g Bmjvg I 4. MYZš‫‫‬x ‬j|  hy³d«›U gš‫‫‬xmfvi me©Kwbô gš‫‫‬x wQ‡jbÑ †kL gywReyi ingvb|
 hy³d«›U wbe©vP‡b †gvU Avmb Ñ 237wU  ‡kL gywReyi ingvb (K wlFb, mge¨vq I cjøx Dbœqb gš‫‫‬x)
 wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡i hy³d«›U Ñ Avmb cvq 223wU  Aveyj gbmyi Avng‬ (Rb¯^v¯'¨ gš‫‫‬x)
mvgwiK kvmb 1958

 cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÔ_g mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi nq Ñ 1958 mv‡j
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÔ_g mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡ibÑ B¯‹v›‬vi wgR©v
 AvBqye Lvb‡K cÔavb mvgwiK kvmbKZ©v wb‡qvM K‡ibÑ B¯‹v›‬vi wgR©v|
 AvBqye Lvb wb‡R‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^-wbe©vwPZ ‡cÔwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib - 1958 mv‡j|
 AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK kvmb cÔZ¨vnvi K‡ibÑ 1960 mv‡j
62Õi wk‿v Av‽›`vjb
 1962 mv‡ji 17 †m‡Þ¤î cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÔ_g wk‣v Kwgkb, Ónvwg‬yi ingvbÖ wk‣v Kwgk‡bi weiæ‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
wk‣v Av‡›‬vjb msNwUZ nq|
National Students Federation
NSF mš‫‫‬vmx QvÎ MÔæc
kixd wkÿv Kwgk‡bi weiæ‡× Av‡›‬vjb ‬gb Kiv Rb¨ †gvbv‡qg Lvb GwU MVb K‡ib

National Democratic Front
4 Sep, 1962 (MwVZ nq) †mvnivIqv‬©xi †bZ ‡Z
NDF AvBqye we‡ivax I MYZvš‫ ‫‬mc‡ÿi ivR‪bwZK d«›U
MV‡bi 1 mßvn ci ÕRb wbivcËv AvB‡bÒ knx‬ mv‡ne‡K †MÔdZvi
Rb wbivnËv Awf©b¨vÜ Rvwi K‡i ‬kb cxob
wkÿv Av‡›‬vj‡bi †PZbvq MwVZ MÔæc
MÔæcwU evg‡Nlv I mgvRZš‫ ‫‬gb¯‹
wbDwK¬qvm ‡bZv wQj wmivRyj Avjg Lvb
6 ‬dvi mgq Giv Õwecøex evsjvÒ bv‡g mvgwqKx cÔKí KiZ
71 mv‡j Zv‡‬i D™vweZ †¯øvMvb Õexi evOvjx A¯‫ ‫‬ai, evsjv‡‬k ¯^vaxb KiÒ
‡bZv 1) wmivRyj Avjg Lvb, 2) †kL dRjyj nK gwb, 3) Avãyi iv¾vK, 4) †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g‬, 5)
KvRx Av‡id, 6) gvk©vj gwb|
‽dvm© MVb
gyw³hy‡×i cÔ_g w‬KUv †MwijvwfwËK wQj wKš` MwZkxjZv Avbq‡b cÔavb †mbvcwZ GgGwR Imgvbx †mbvevwnbxi m‬m¨‡‬i
wb‡q weª‡MW MV‡bi cwiKíbv K‡ib| m¤§yL mg‡i cvKevwnbxi m‡½ hy‡×, wjß nIqvi Rb¨ wRqvDi ingv‡bi †bZ ‡Z
†RW †dvm©, Lv‡j‬ †gvkvii‡di †bZ ‡Z †K †dvm© I †KGg mwdDjøvni †bZ ‡Z Gg †dvm© MVb K‡ib|
gyw³hy×Kvjxb 3wU Acv‽ikb gyw³evwnbxi ‼dvm©
Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU 25 gvP© 1971 †RW †dvm© wRqvDi ingvb †ZjXvjv
Acv‡ikb R¨vKcU 15 AvM÷ 1971 Gm †dvm© kwdDjøvn& AvMiZjv
Acv‡ikb †K¬vR‡Wvi 1972 †K †dvm© Lv‡j‬ †gvkviid nvRvgviv
Avcv‽ikb R¨vKcU
15B AvM÷ ivZ 12 Uvi ci PÆMÔvg I gsjv mgy‬ª e›‬i I bvivqYMÃ I Pvu‬cyi b‬xe›‬‡i gyw³evwnbx KZ ©K cwiPvwjZ
mdjZg †Mwijv Awfhvb|
‽hØ_evwbnx
21 b‡f¤î, 1971 evsjv‡‬k I fviZ miKvi ‡h×_ KgvÙ MVb K‡i| gyw³evwnbx I wgÎevwnbx (fvi‡Zi †mbvevwnbx)
mgš^‡q GwU MwVZ| 3 wW‡m¤î fvi‡Z cvwK¯Ívbx wegvb nvgjv Pvjv‡j †mw‬bB Bw›‬iv MvÚx cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv
K‡ib| wgÎ I gyw³evwnbxi c~e©vÂjxq cÔavb †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb †j. †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms Av‡iviv|
gyw³hy‽×i ‼Mwijv evwnbx - µ¨vK cøvUzb
µ¨vK cøvUzb nj evsjv‽`‽ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× PjvKvjxb mg‽q cvwK¯Ívwb ‼mbvevwnbx I Zv‽ì ‼`vmi‽ì we‽iæ‽× XvKv kn‽i
‼Mwijv AvµgY cwiPvjbvKvix GK`j ZiæY gyw³‽hv×v‽ì msMwVZ `j, hvuiv ZrKvjxb mgq wKse`wšÍ‽Z cwiYZ
n‽qwQ‽jb| GB ‼Mwiiv `jwU AZ¨všÍ `ÿZvi mv‽_ ÔwnU GÛ ivbÕ c×wZ‽Z AmsL¨ AvµgY cwiPvjbv K‽i cvwK¯Ívwb
‽mbvevwnbxi g‽a¨ e¨vcK ¯^vaxbZv hy‽×i 2 bs ‼m±‽ii Aax‽b GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ‼Mwijv `j hviv g~jZ MYevwnbxi Ask e‽j cwiwPZ|
 µ¨vK cøvUzb hy‽× K‽i: 2 bs †m±i Z_v XvKv kn‡i|
 µ¨vK cøvUzb MVb K‽i: 2 bs †m±i KgvÙvi Lv‡j‬ †gvkviid I GwUGg nvq`vi|
 µ¨vK cøvUz‽bi Ab¨Zg f~wgKv: †nv‡Uj B›Uvi Kw›U‡b›Uvj AvµgY|
 µ¨vK cøvUz‽bi Ab¨Zg m`m¨ wQ‽jb: Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi mšÍvb knx‬ iæwg, wkíx AvRg Lvb, wµ‡KUvi Ry‡qj, Xvwe
QvÎ ew`Dj Avjg, eZ©gvb AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †gvdv¾j †nv‡mb ‡P×ayix gvqv I AvRv‬|
 knx` AvR`‽K wb‽q Avwbmyj n‽Ki weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm: ÔgvÕ|
 ew`Dj Avjg‽K wb‽q ûgvq~b Avn‽g` ‼j‽Lb: ÓAv¸‡bi cikgwYÖ Dcb¨vm I Pjw‧PÎ|

gyw³hy‽×i e„nr kw³e‽M©i f~wgKv

RvwZms‽N evsjv‽`k weZK©
4 wW‡m¤î wbivcËv cwil‡‬i Awa‡ek‡b Dcgnv‡‬‡k msNv‡Zi Rb¨ fviZ‡K ‬vqx K‡i gvwK©b ciivóª ‬dZi| ZvB
hy×weiwZ ˆmb¨ cÔZ¨vnv‡ii ‬vex m¤^wjZ gvwK©b cÔ¯Íve RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwP‡ei Kv‡Q AbygwZi Rb¨ †cÔiY Ki‡j Zv‡K
ÓGKZidvÖ D‡jøL K‡i †f‡Uv †‬q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I †cvj¨vÙ| GKB mg‡q 5 wW‡m¤î †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ‬vex K‡i
mwnsmZvi ìæY cwiw¯'wZi AebwZ N‡U‡Q Zv eÚ Kivi GB cÔ¯Ív‡e †f‡Uv †‬q Pxb| d«vÜ I weª‡Ub †fvU‬v‡b weiZ
_vK‡jI Hw‬b AviI AvUwU †‬k ˆmb¨ cÔZ¨vnv‡ii cÔ¯Íve w‬‡j wØZxqevi †f‡Uv †‬q ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Ges weev‬gvb
cÿØ‡qi †KvbwUi mv‡_ RwoZ nIqv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Rb¨ we‡k¦i mKj †‬‡k cÔwZ AvnÝvb Rvbvb|
gyw³hy‽× c‽ÿÑwec‽ÿ civkw³i ‼`kmg~n
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq evsjv‡‬‡ki c‡ÿ cÔZ¨ÿfv‡e Ae¯'vb wb‡qwQj fviZ|
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq RvwZms‡Ni kw³kvjx †h ‬ywU †‬k evsjv‡‬‡ki we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡QÑ hy³ivóª I Pxb|
 hy³ivóª cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ †h ‡b×eni †cÔiY K‡iÑ mßg ‡b×eni|
 ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq RvwZms‡Ni †h kw³kvjx †‬kwU evsjv‡‬‡ki mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQjÑ mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb|
wewfbœ K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b I ißvwb‽Z we‽k¦ evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb
K…wl cY¨ Drcv`‽b Ae¯’vb ißvwb‽Z Ae¯’vb we‽kl Z_¨
avb/Pvj 3q (***) ÑÑÑ evsjv‽`k m¤úªwZ B‽›`v‽bwkqv‽K wcQ‽b ‼d‽j 3q ¯'vb `Lj K‽i| eZ©gv‽b avb
Drcv`‽b 1g Pxb, 2q fviZ, 3q evsjv‽`k, 4_© B‽›`v‽bwkqv
cvU 2q 1g
K wl cY¨ 10g ÑÑÑ evsjv‽`‽ki K…wl cY¨ we‽k¦i 121wU ‼`‽k ißvwb nq|
wgVv/¯^v`y FAOÕi g‽Z, evsjv‽`k ¯^v`y cvwbi gvQ e„w×‽Z we‽k¦ 2q Ges cÖ_g
cvwbi gvQ 3q 3q B‽›`v‽bwkqv|
Pv 9g ÑÑÑ
Avjy 7g ÑÑÑ
Avg 7g evsjv‽`‽ki Avg cÖ_g ißvwb nq myBRvij¨v‽Û|
mewR 3q ÑÑÑ
Pvj Drcv`‽b Z…Zxq evsjv‽`k
Pvj Drcv`‽b K‽qK eQ‽ii mvd‽jï avivevwnKZvq kxl© wZ‽bi g‽a¨ D‽V Av‽m evsjv‽`k| Avgb, AvDk I ‼ev‽ivÑ
wZb ‼gŠmy‽gB Pv‽ji Drcv`b fv‽jv nIqvq PjwZ eQi ‼k‽l Pvi jvL U‽bi ‼ewk Drcv`b evo‽e| 2019-20 A_©eQ‽i
Drcv`b 3 ‼KvwU 60 jvL Ub Qvwo‽q hv‽e| G‽Z B‽›`v‽bwkqv‽K ‽cQ‽b ‼d‽j we‽k¦i Z…Zxq kxl© Pvj Drcv`bKvix ‽`k
n‽q DV‽e evsjv‽`k| `xN©w`b a‽i Lv`¨km¨wU Drcv`‽b evsjv‽`‽ki êwk¦K Ae¯'vb wQj PZz_©| Pxb I fvi‽Zi ciB
Z…Zxq ¯'vbwU wQj B‽›`v‽bwkqvi| 12 ‼g 2020 hy³ivóª miKv‽ii K…wlwelqK ms¯'v gvwK©b K…wl wefvM (United States
Department of Agriculture- USAD) ‼_‽K cÖKvwkZ Ô‰ewk¦K Lv`¨km¨ cªwZ‽e`b 2020Õ kxl©K cÖwZ‽e`‽b|
Pvj Drcv`‽b kxl© 10 ‼`k (‼KvwU Ub)
‽`k Drcv`b ‽`k Drcv`b
Pxb 14.90 _vBj¨vÛ 2.04
fviZ 11.80 wgqvbgvi 1.31
evsjv‡‬k 3.60 wdwjcvBb 1.10
B‡›‬v‡bwkqv 3.49 Rvcvb 0.76
wf‡qZbvg 2.75 cvwK¯Ívb 0.75

bgybv cÕkœ
01. avb Drcv‬‡b we‡k^ evsjv‡‬‡ki Ae¯'vb KZ?
K. Z Zxq L. PZz_© M. cÂg N. lô DËi: K
02. mewR Drcv‬‡b we‡k^ evsjv‡‬‡ki Ae¯'vb KZ?
K. cÖ_g L. wØZxq M. Z Zxq N. PZz_© DËi: M
03. Avg Drcv‬‡b we‡k^ evsjv‡‬‡ki Ae¯'vb KZ?
K. PZz_© L. cÂg M. mßg N. Aóg DËi: M
Ryb 2020 cªKvwkZ K…wl cwimsL¨vb 2019 Abymv‽i 6ô K…wl ïgvwi 2019
eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`‽ki K…wl cY¨ Drcv`‽b kxl© ‼Rjv
K…wl cY¨ ‼Rjv ‼¯øvMvb : ÖK…wl ïgvwi mdj Kwi mg„× evsjv‽`k MwoÓ
avb I Pv‡li gvQ gqgbwmsn  mgqKvj : 9 Ryb †_‡K 20 Ryb 2019
cvU dwi`cyi  cÔ_g K wl ïgvwi nq Ñ 1960 mv‡j
Mg VvKziMvuI  K wl ïgvwi nq cÔwZ 10 eQi ci ci
Avjy e¸ov  K…wl ïgvwi‡Z Ask †bq †gvU 1,38,815 Rb
ZvgvK Kzwóqv
 wek¦ Lv‬¨ I K wl ms¯'v (FAO)ÑGi World
Zzjv wSbvB`n
Programme for the Census of
Avbvim Uv½vBj
Agriculture 2020 (WCA 2020) MvBWjvBb
†cuqvR cvebv
†gvZv‡eK K wl ïgvwii 2019 cwiPvwjZ nq|
ZigyR I bvwi‡Kj ‡fvjv
 ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M cÔ_g K wl ïgvwi nq 1960 mv‡j|
‡cqviv wc‡ivRcyi
wjPz I fzÆv w`bvRcyi  ¯^vaxbZvi ci cÔ_g K wl ïgvwi nq 1977 mv‡j|
Pv, †jey, Kvgiv½v †g×jfxevRvi  †‬‡k 1960 mvj †_‡K G ch©šÍ 6 evi (1960,
AvL/Bÿz bv‡Uvi 1977, 1983Ñ84, 1996, 2008 I 2019) K wl
‡Mvjvc dzj h‡kvi ïgvwi cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avg ivRkvnx  K wl ïgvwi‡Z K wli AšÍf©y³ welq 3wU| h_v : 1)
Kjv biwms`x km¨, 2) grm¨ I 3) cÖvwYm¤ú`|
Av`v I Kgjv iv½vgvwU
mqvweb j²xcyi
†ikg ivRkvnx
we‡ji gvQ mybvgMÄ
wPswo mvZÿxiv
eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`‽ki Pv evMvb

** evsjv‡‬k Pv †evW© KZ ©K wbeÚbK Z ÓwU G‡÷U I Pv evMvbÖi msL¨vÑ 167wU|
‽Rjv wU G‽÷U I Pv evMvb we‽kl Z_¨
 me‽P‽q ‼ewk Pv evMvb ‼gŠjfxevRvi ‼Rjvq|
 Pv Pv‽li Rb¨ weL¨vZÑ kÖxg½j, ‼gŠjfxevRvi|
†g×jfxevRvi 91wU
 ÔPv‽qi ‼`‽k ¯^vMZgÕ fv¯‹h© ‼gŠjfxevRv‽ii kÖxg½‽j|
 evsjv‽`‽ki wØZxq Pv wbjvg ‼K›`ª ¯'vwcZ n‽q‽Q kÖxg½‽j|

nweMÄ 25wU  G ‼Rjvi mvZQwo RvZxq D`¨vb I Pv evMvb ch©UK‽ì Rb¨ AvKl©Yxq|
 evsjv‽`‽k cÖ_g Pv wbjvg ‼K›`ª PÆMÖv‽gi AvMÖvev‽`|
PÆMÖvg 21wU
 evsjv‽`k Pv ‼ev‽W©i mì `ßi bvwmivev`, PÆMÖvg|
wm‡jU 19wU  ‽`‽k cÖ_g evwYwR¨Kfv‽e Pv Pvl nq wm‽j‽Ui gvjwbQovq|
cÂMo 8wU  evsjv‽`‽ki cÖ_g AM©vwbK Pv Pvl nq cÂM‽o|
ivOvgvwU 2wU  ch©UK‽ì Rb¨ e„nËg PÆMÖv‽gi g‽bvgy»Ki Pv evMvb ÔIqvM&Mv Pv G‽÷UÕ|
VvKziMvuI 1wU  me©‽kl Pv Pv‽li AvIZvq Av‽m VvKziMvuI ‼Rjv|
‽`‽k LvmRwg 40,35,772 GKi
 f~wg gš¿Yvj‽qi Aax‽b K…wl I AK…wl wgwj‽q ‽`‽k ‼gvU LvmRwgi cwigvY 40,35,772 GKi| Gi g‽a¨ K…wl
LvmRwg Av‽Q 23,20,386 GKi| Ab¨w`‽K K…wl I AK…wl wgwj‽q mviv ‼`‽k ‼gvU e‽›`ve¯Í‽hvM¨ LvmRwg Av‽Q
14,43,16,000 GKi| Gi g‽a¨ Lvm K…wlRwgi cwigvY 5,93,919 GKi Ges AK…wl 14,37,06,095 GKi|
[
km¨ Drcv`b Ges eûgyLxKiY

K…wl welqK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D™¢veY
welq D™¢veK
RyUb (cvU I Zzjv wgwkÖZ GK ai‡bi e¯¿) ‡gvnv¤§‬ wmwÏKzjøvn& ÔRyUbÕ I ÔRywUbÕ Gi cv_©K¨ g‽b
RywUb (cvU †_‡K †XDwUb) ‡gveviK Avn‡g‬ Lvb ivLyb| cixÿvq ‼hb wg‽j bv hvq|
GK av‡b ‬yB Pvj gKeyj Avn‡g‬
wRsKmg…× avb evsjv‡‬k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (weªÑ62)
nwiavb nwic` Kvcvwj (wSbvB`n&)
¯^Y©v mvi (1987) W. ˆmq‬ Avãyj Lv‡jK
evwi †cuqvR-5 evsjv‡k K wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
webv avb-08 (jeYv³Zv mwnòz avb), webv avb-14 BINA
we‡kî cÔ_g wRsK mg…× av‡bi RvZ- wewi- 62 evsjv‡‬k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
digvwjb cixÿv hš‫‫‬, †Zj AcmviY hš‫‫‬ K wl weÁvbx dviæK web †nv‡mb Bqvwgb
wngvwqZ åæY †_‡K ‡fovi ev‧Pv evsjv‡‬k K wl wek¦we‬¨vj‡qi M‡elKMY
Aa¨vqÑ 03 : evsjv‽`‽ki RbmsL¨v, Av`gïgvix, RvwZ, ‼Mvôx, I DcRvwZ

G Aa¨vq weMZ (35ZgÑ40Zg) wewmGm mv¤úªwZK cÕkœt (gvb e›Ub- 03)
01. Z…Yg~j ch©v‽q ¯^v¯’¨ ‽mev wbwðZ Ki‽Z KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjy Kiv nqÑ DËi: 13 nRvi 146 wU [40Zg]
02. evsjv‽`k B‽KvbwgK wiwfD, 2016 Abymv‽i evsjv‽`‽ki wkï g„Zzï nvi (cÕwZ nvRvi RxweZ R‽b¥)- DËi: 30 Rb [38Zg]
03. miKvwi wn‽me g‽Z, evsjv‽`wk‽ì Mo AvqyÑ DËi: 2019 mv‡ji mgxÿv g‡Z 72 eQi [37Zg]
04. ‼Kvb wefv‽M mvÿiZvi nvi me©vwaKÑ DËi: ewikvj [37Zg]
05. 2011 mv‽ji Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx evsjv‽`‽ki cwiev‽ii m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? DËi: 4.4 Rb [37Zg]
06. 2011 mv‽j Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‽`‽k bvix-cyiæ‽li AbycvZ KZ? DËi: 100t100.3 [37Zg]
07. c„w_exi wewfbœ ‼`‽ki g‽a¨ RbmsL¨vi w`K ‼_‽K evsjv‽`‽ki eZ©gvb ¯’vb KZZg? DËi: Aóg [35Zg]
G Aa¨vq weMZ (35ZgÑ40Zg) wewmGm ‼ewmK cÕkœt
 evsjv‡‬‡ki cÔ_g Av‬gïgvwi AbywôZ nqÑ 1974 mv‡j| [40Zg wewmGm]

 ÓMv‡iv DcRvwZÖ †h †Rjvq evm K‡iÑ gqgbwmsn| [40Zg wewmGm]
 evsjv‡‬‡ki cÔ_g Av‬gïgvwi nqÑ 1974 mv‡j| [38Zg wewmGm]
 PvKgv Rb‡Mvôxi †jvKmsL¨v me©vwaKÑ iv½vgvwU †Rjvq| [38Zg wewmGm]
 cve©Z¨ PÆMÔvg kvwšÍ Pzw³ KZ mv‡j ¯^vÿwiZ nqÑ 1997| [38Zg wewmGm]
 Ryg Pvl nqÑ LvMovQwo, ev›‬ievb I iv½vgvwU| [38Zg wewmGm]
 ‡h ‡Rjvq nvRs‡‬i emevm †bBÑ wm‡jU| [37Zg wewmGm]
 ‡Kvb DcRvwZ ev ÿz‬ª b…‡Mvwôi ag© BmjvgÑ cvOb| [36Zg wewmGm]
 ÓRygÖ Pvl c×wZ evsjv‡‬‡ki †Kvb ‡Rjvmg~‡n †‬Lv hvqÑ PÆMÔvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÔv‡gi †Rjvmg~‡n| [35Zg wewmGm]
 Lvwmqv MÔvg¸‡jv wK bv‡g cwiwPZÑ cywÃ| [35Zg wewmGm]
evsjv‽`‽ki `vwi`ª¨ gvbwPÎ
 Ôb¨vkbvj Bbw÷wUDU Ae ccy‡jkb wimvP© A¨vÙ †UªwbsÕ Ges ÔAvBwmwWwWAvi,weÕ †h×_fv‡e evsjv‡‬‡ki mvgvwRK
RbwgwZ I ¯^v¯'¨‡mev m~PK wb‡q GKwU Rwic K‡i| Rwic AvbyhvqxÑ
 evsjv‡‬‡ki ‬wi‬ª Lvbv: 20.9%|
 ‬wi‬ª Lvbvi nv‡i kxl© wefvM: ewikvj (41.2%)|
 `wi`ª Lvbvi nv‡i me©wb¤œ wefvM: XvKv (8.5%)|
 ‬wi‬ª Lvbvi nv‡i kxl© †Rjv: cUzqvLvjx (60.6%)|
 `wi`ª Lvbvi nv‡i me©wb¤œ †Rjv XvKv (0.7%)|
wefvM Iqvix `wi`ª Lvbvi nvi:
µg wefvM nvi µg wefvM nvi µg wefvM nvi µg wefvM nvi
1 ewikvj 41.2% 3 gqgbwmsn 32.2% 5 ivRkvnx 22.2% 7 Lyjbv 14.8%
2 iscyi 37.8% 4 wm‡jU 28.9% 6 PÆMÖvg 18.2% 8 XvKv 8.5%
Av`gïgvwi GLb Rbïgvwi

‡Kvb †`‡ki ev †Kvb wbw`©ó AÂ‡ji gvbyl MYbv‡KB g~jZ Rbïgvwi ejv nq| c„w_exi mKj ‼`‽ki b¨vq evsjv‽`‽kI
cÖwZ `k (10) eQi AšÍi AšÍi Rbïgvwi Kiv nq| c~‽e© G‽K Av`gïgvix ejv n‽jI 2013 mv‽j RvZxq msm‽`
ÔcwimsL¨vb AvBb 2013Õ cvm nIqv AvBb Abymv‽i Av`gïgvwi‽K ÔRbïgvwiÕ bv‽g AwfwnZ Kiv n‽q‽Q| 10 eQ‡ii
avivevwnKZvq Ôlô Rbïgvwi I M„nMYbv 2021Õi mgq Kvj 26-31 A‡±vei, 2021|
lô Rbïgvwi I M„nMYbv 2021
 lô Rbïgvwi I M„nMYbvi mgq: 26-31 A‡±vei, 2021|
 Ôccy‽jkb A¨vÛ nvDwRs ‼mÞvm 2021× cÔK‡íi AvIZvq lô Rbïgvwi AbywôZ n‡e|
 lô Rbïgvwi‽Z KvwiMwi mnvqZv: gvwK©b gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯'v (NASA) [m¨v‡UjvBU B‡g‡Ri gva¨‡g]
 m¨v‡UjvBU B‡gR †‬‡L Rbïgvwi‡Z mviv‡‬‡k Pvi jvL MYbvKvix Z_¨ msMÔn Ki‡e|
 7 w‬‡b †gvU 4 †KvwU Lvbvi Z_¨ msMÔn Kiv n‡e [cÔwZ MYbvKvix 100wU Lvbvi Z_¨ msMÔn Ki‡e]|
 cÕ_gev‽ii g‽Zv MYbvq Avm‽e: cÔevmx I evsjv‡‬‡k Ae¯'vbiZ we‡‬wkiv|
2035 mv‽j evsjv‽`k n‽e we‽kî 25Zg e„nr A_©bxwZ|
evsjv‽`k GLb ‼h ai‽bi A_©‰bwZK weKv‽ki ga¨ w`‽q hv‽”Q Zv Ae¨vnZ _vK‽j 2035 mvj bvMv` ‼`kwU n‽e we‽kî
25Zg e„nr A_©bxwZ| weª‡U‡bi A_©‪bwZK M‡elYv ms¯'v ‼m›Uvi di B‽Kv‽bvwg‾ GÛ weR‽bm wimvP© Zv‡‬i me©‡kl GK
wi‡cv‡U© GB c~e©vfvm w‬‡q‡Q| ÔIqvì© B‽KvbwgK wjM ‼Uej 2021× bv‡gi GB wi‡cvU©wU cÔKvk Kiv nq| GB wi‡cvU©

Abyhvqx 7 eQi ci A_©vr 2028 mv‡j hy³ivóª‡K Qvwo‡q Pxb n‡e we‡kî e…nËg A_©bxwZ| 2030 mv‡j Rvcvb‡K Qvwo‡q
fviZ n‡e we‡kî Z Zxq e…nËg A_©bxwZ| 2020 mv‽ji m~PK Abyhvqx evsjv‽`k GLb we‽kî 41Zg e„nr A_©bxwZi ‼`k|
wcwcwc ev cvi‽PwRs cvIqvi c¨vwiwU wn‽m‽e 2020 mv‽j evsjv‽`‽ki gvby‽li gv_vwcQz Avq `vuwo‽q‽Q 5 nvRvi 139
Wjvi|
wRwWwci wn‽m‽e wek^ A_©bxwZ‽Z evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb
2005 2010 2015 2020 2021 2025 2030 2035
wRwWwc (wewjqb 69 115 303 318 338 448 760 1203
Wjvi)
wek^ m~P‡K Ae¯'vb 57 59 48 41 41 34 28 25
[Z_¨m~Î: Iqvì© B‡KvbwgK wjM †Uej 2021, wmBweAvi]
`vwi‽`ªï msÁv cybtwba©viY K‽i‽Q wek¦e¨vsK
 wek¦e¨vs‡Ki bZzb msÁv Abyhvqx ‪‬wbK 1 ‬kwgK 90 Wjv‡ii (148 UvKv) Kg Avq Kiv gvbyl ‬wi‬ª e‡j MY¨ n‡e
 1990 mv‡ji ci GB cÔ_g ‬vwi‡‬ªï msÁv cybwb©a©viY Ki‡jv wek¦e¨vsK (c~‡e© wQ‡jv 1.25 Wjvi)|
 `wi`ª: ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw‬ w‬‡b 2122 wK‡jvK¨vjwii Lvevi †Kbvi mvg‡_©i ciI wKQz UvKv Lv‬ëwnf~©Z c‡Y¨ LiP
Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zvn‡j Zviv ‬vwi‬ªmxgvi bx‡P emevm K‡ib e‡j a‡i †bqv nq|
 AwZ `wi`ª: Avi hv‡‬i ˆ‬wbK †gvU LiP Kivi mvg_©¨ 2122 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Lv‬¨ †Kbvi mgvb ev Kg
evsjv‽`‽ki `vwi‽`ªï nvi K‽g 20.5 kZvsk, nZ `wi`ª 10.5 kZvsk
 wek¦e¨vsK ‬vwi‬ª¨ cwigvc K‡i µqÿgZvi mgZvi wcwcwc (cvi‡PwRs cvIqvi c¨vwiwU) Abyhvqx |
 evsjv‡‬‡k ‬vwi‬ª¨ cwiw¯'wZ wba©viY Kiv nq ‡g×wjK Pvwn‬v c~i‡Y e¨q c×wZ Abyhvqx|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡‬‡k ‬vwi‡‬ªï nviÑ 20.5 kZvsk (weweGm)|
 AwZ‬wi‡‬ªï/nZ‬wi‡‬ªï nviÑ 10.5 kZvsk (weweGm)|
 eZ©gv‡b ‬wi‡‬ªï nv‡i kxl© ‡Rjv KzwoMÔvg (wefvM iscyi)|
 eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q Kg ‬wi‡‬ªï nvi Kzwóqv †Rjvq (3.60%)|[wefvM wn‡m‡e XvKv]
 iƒcKí 2021 Abyhvqx miKv‡ii jÿ¨ n‡‧Q ‬vwi‡‬ªï nvi 13.5 kZvs‡k bvwg‡q Avbv|
 RvwZmsN wba©vwiZ †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨ (GmwWwR) ev¯èvq‡bi Rb¨ 2030 mvj bvMv‬ AwZ‬wi‬ª RbmsL¨v 3
kZvs‡k bvwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e|
 AwZ‬wi‬ª †jv‡Ki msL¨vi w‬K w‬‡q we‡k¦i kxl© 10wU †‬‡ki GKwU n‡jv evsjv‡‬k|
 AwZ‬wi‬ª †‬‡ki ZvwjKvq kxl©¯'vb fvi‡Zi (25 †KvwU)|
bgybv cÕkœ
1. wekê¨vs‽Ki bZzb ‼kÕwYweb¨vm Abymv‽i wRwWwc×i wfwË‽Z eZ©gv‽b we‽k^ evsjv‽`‽ki A_©bxwZ KZZg?
2. wekê¨vs‽Ki wnmv‽e wRwWwc×i wfwË‽Z we‽kî kxl© A_©bxwZi ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. hy³ivóª L. Pxb M. fviZ N. Rvcvb DËi: K
3. wekê¨vs‽Ki wnmv‽e wRwWwci wcwcwc×i wfwË‽Z we‽kî kxl© A_©bxwZi ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. hy³ivóª L. Pxb M. fviZ N. Rvcvb DËi: L
4. wekê¨vs‽Ki wnmv‽e gv_vwcQz Av‽q we‽k^ evsjv‽`‽ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
5. wekê¨vs‽Ki wnmv‽e PPP×i wfwË‽Z gv_vwcQz Av‽q evsjv‽`k we‽k^ KZZg?
6. wekê¨vs‽Ki wnmv‽e gv_vwcQz Av‽q we‽kî kxl© ‼`k ‽KvbwU?
K. hy³ivóª L. Pxb M. KvZvi N. myBRvij¨vÛ DËi: N
7. wekê¨vs‽Ki wnmv‽e PPP×i wfwË‽Z gv_vwcQz Av‽q we‽kî kxl© ‼`k ‼KvbwU?
K. hy³ivóª L. Pxb M. KvZvi N. myBRvij¨vÛ DËi: M
8. 2020 mv‽j AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwe‽ji wnmv‽e w¯’i g~‽j¨ evsjv‽`‽ki wRwWwci AvKvi we‽k^ KZZg?
K. 30Zg L. 39Zg M. 41Zg N. 145Zg DËi: K
9. wek¦e¨vsK wn‽m‽e eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`‽k `vwi‽`ªï nvi KZ?
K. 20.5 kZvsk L. 10.5 kZvsk M. 21. 5 kZvsk N. 24.5 kZvsk DËi: K
10. wek¦e¨vsK wn‽m‽e eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`‽k nZ `vwi‽`ªï nvi KZ?
K. 20.5 kZvsk L. 10.5 kZvsk M. 21. 5 kZvsk N. 24.5 kZvsk DËi: L
evsjv‽`‽ki ‼gMv cÕKí mg~n
weMZ wewmGm cÕkœ:
01. evsjv‽`‽ki ‰Zwi cÕ_g b¨v‽bv m¨v‽UjvB‽Ui bvg Kx? DËi: eª¨vK A‡š^lv [38Zg]
02. ‼gqi ‽gvnv¤§` nvwbd d¬vBIfv‽ii ‰`N©¨ KZ? DËi: 11.8 wK. wg [36Zg]
cÙv eûgLx ‽mZz cÕKí (‽deªæqvwi 2021 ch©šÍ Avc‽WU)
cÙv eûgyLx †mZz evsjv`‡ki BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q eo wbg©vbhÁ| gvwK©wb bKkvq w÷‽ji GB Uªvm weª‽Ri Dc‽ii Pvi ‼j‽b
moK c_ Avi wb‽P ‼ijjvBb emv‽bvi KvR ev¯Íevqb K‽i‽Q Pxbv cÖwZôvb Pvqbv ‼gRi weªR| `wÿY-cwðg AÂ‽ji cÖvq
22wU †Rjvi 7 †KvwU gvby‽li `xN©w`‽bi ¯^cœ cÝv‽mZz| cÙv‡mZzÑ
ÑivRavbxi m‽½ hy³ Ki‽e `wÿYvÂ‽ji 21 ‼Rjv
ÑDcK…Z n‽e wZb ‼KvwU gvbyl
ÑcÕe„w× evo‽e cÕvq 1 `kwgK 2 kZvsk|
 Ae¯'vb: gvIqv (gyÜxMÃ) Ges RvwRiv (kixqZcyi)  b‬xkvmbÑ ‬yB cv‡o 12 wK‡jvwgUvi|
 cÔZ¨ÿfv‡e RwoZ †RjvÑ 3wU (gywÜMÃ,  ms‡hvM moKÑ ‬yB cÔv‡šÍ 14 wK‡jvwgUvi|
kixqZcyi I gv`vixcyi)|  fvqvW±Ñ ‬yB cÔv‡šÍ me©‡gvU 3 ‬kwgK 18 wK.wg. |
 wfwË cÔ¯Íi ¯'vcb: 4 RyjvB 2001|  ‡mZzi aib: wØZj (Dc‡i moK Ges wb‡P †ijc_)|
 cÛv †mZzi wbg©vY KvR ïiæ nqÑ 2014 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤î|  ‡ijjvBbÑ wbP Zjvq (†jvqvi †W‡K) Wvej †MR|
 g~j Kv‡Ri AvbyôvwbK D‡Øvab: 12 wW‡m¤î 2015  wØZxq Zjvq 72 dz‡Ui Pvi †j‡bi moK|
 cÛv †mZzi cÔ_g ¯ú¨vb e‡mÑ 30 †m‡Þ¤î, 2017  ‡mZz‡Z AviI _vK‡QÑ M¨vm, we‬y¨r I AcwUK¨vj
(37 I 38 b¤î LyuwU‡Z)| dvBevi jvBb cwienb myweav|
 cÛv †mZzi 41Zg I me©‡kl ¯ú¨vb e‡mÑ 10  bKkvÑ AECOM
wW‡m¤î, 2020|  wbgv©Zv cÔwZôvb: Pvqbv †gRi weªR BwÃwbqvwis
 g~j †mZzi ˆ‬N¨©: 6.15 wK‡jvwgUvi (920,200 Kb÷ªvKkb †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW|
dzU) I cÔ¯': 18.10 wgUvi|  b‬x kvmb cÔwZôvbÑ wm‡bvnvB‡Wªv K‡cv©‡ikb (Pxb)
 Dcv`vbÑ KswµU, w÷j|  cÛv eûgyLx †mZzi iÿYv‡eÿY I †Uvj Dc‡ii Pvi
 f~wgK¤ú mnbkxj gvÎv: wiLUvi †¯‹‡j 9| †j‡b cÔ‬vb Kiv nq †hÑ †Kvwiqvb G•‡cÔmI‡q
 cvwbi ¯Íi †_‡K †mZzi D‧PZv 60 dzU| K‡c©v‡ikb (KEC), ‬wÿY †Kvwiqv
 wcjvi msL¨v: 42wU (b‬x‡Z: 40wU)|  ms‡hvM moK wbg©vY ms¯'vÑ Avãyj †gv‡bg wjwg‡UW|
 ‡gvU ¯ú¨vb msL¨v: 41wU  cÖKí cwiPvjKÑ kwdKzi ingvb
 †gvU cvBwjs msL¨vÑ 264wU (cÔwZ wcjv‡ii Rb¨  cÛv ‡mZz cÔK‡íi we‡klÁ ‬‡ji cÔavb wQ‡jbÑ
cvBwjs 6wU) [cvBwjs MfxiZvÑ 383 dzU]| Aa¨vcK Rvwgjyi †iRv †P×ayix|

 fvqvWv± wcjviÑ 81wU|  cÛv‡mZz hvb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ Ly‡j †‬Iqv n‡e 2022
 RbejÑ cÖvq 8 nvRvi| mv‡ji 26 gvP©|
 ‡gvU e¨qÑ 30 nvRvi 793 †KvwU 39 jvL UvKv|  cÛv ‡mZzi Avqy®‹vj: 100 eQi|
 g~j †mZz‡Z e¨qÑ 12 nvRvi 133 †KvwU 39 jvL|  cª¯ÍvweZ wØZxq cÛv †mZy n‡e †‬×jZw‬qvÑ cvUzwiqv c‡q‡›U
 b‬xkvmb e¨qÑ 8 nvRvi 707 †KvwU 81 jvL|  Gi ‪‬N© n‡eÑ 6.10 wK.wg I cÔ¯ÍÑ 18.10 wg.|
 Ab¨vb¨ e¨qÑ 7 nvRvi 952 †KvwU 19 jvL|  we‡klZ: cÛv ‡mZz n‡e ‬wÿY Gwkqvi wØZxq e…nËg †mZz|
cÝv ‼mZzi 3 wek^ ‼iKW©
1. we‡kî ‬xN©Zg 122 wgUvi cvBj ¯'vcb| †mZzi LyuwUi wb‡P m‡e©v‧P 122 wgUvi Mfx‡i w÷‡ji cvBj emv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
we‡k^ Avi †Kv‡bv †mZzi Rb¨ GZ Mfx‡i cvBwjs cÔ‡qvRb nqwb|
2. 15 Ub IR‡bi 98725 wK‡jv wbDUb ÿgZv m¤úbœ wdKkb ‡cÙyjvg †eqvwis eënvi| cÛv †mZz‡Z Ówd«Kkb
†cÙzjvg weqvwis‡qiÖ ÿgZv n‡‧Q 10 nvRvi Ub hv c…w_exi †Kvb †mZz‡Z †bB| 9 gvÎvq f~wgK‡¤úI wU‡K _vK‡e G †mZz|
3. b‬x kvm‡bi m‡e©v‧P 1.1 wewjqb (cÔvq 8 nvRvi 8Ök †KvwU) UvKvi Pzw³| b‬xkvm‡bi Rb¨ 110 †KvwU gvwK©b
Wjv‡ii Pzw³ n‡q‡Q| Gi Av‡M we‡k^ b‬xkvm‡b GKKfv‡e GZ eo ‬icÎ Avi nqwb|
AvšÍR©vwZK A½‽b evsjv‽`k
1. evsjv‽`‽k RvwZms‽NiÑ 136Zg m`m¨ [40Zg wewmGm]
RvwZms‽Ni wewfbœ ms¯’vq evsjv‽`‽ki cÕwZwbwaZ¡
 RvwZms‡Ni A_©‪bwZK I mvgvwRK KvDwÜ‡ji ( ECOSOC) A½ms¯'v UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS Gi wbe©vnx
†ev‡W©i 2021-2023 (2 eQi) †gqv‡‬ m‬m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡QÑ evsjv‡‬k|
 191 †fv‡Ui g‡a¨ 181 †fvU †c‡q evsjv‡‬k RvwZms‡Ni ÓA_©‪bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‬ (B‡KvmK)Ö Gi m‬m¨
wbe©vwPZ nq 2020-2022 †gqv‡‬|
 Gwkqv I c¨vwmwdK AÂj †_‡K AvMvgx 3 eQi B‡Kvm‡K cÔwZwbwaZ Ki‡e evsjv‡‬k|
 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡‬k RvwZmsN gvbevwaKvi Kwgk‡bi m‬m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡q 2019-2021 †gqv‡‬ ‬vwqZcvjb Ki‡Q|
eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`k RvwZms‽Ni 6wU A½ms¯’vi wbe©vnx ‼ev‽W©i m`m¨| G¸‽jv n‽jv:-
µg ms¯’v c~Y©iƒc mì `ßi ‽gqv`Kvj
1 UNDP United Nations Develoment Programme
wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª
2 UNFPA United Nations Populations Fund 2021-23
3 UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services ‡Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb, ‡WbgvK©
UN United Nations Entity for Gender Equality
4 Women and the Empowerment of Women
United Nations Children’s Fund wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª 2019-2021
5 UNICEF
[‽bvU: wbe©vnx †ev‡W©i mfvcwZ: iveve dvwZgv]
6 UNHRC United Nations Human Rights Council †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÙ 2019-21
AvšÍR©vwZK wkï kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi ‼c‽jb bovB‽ji wK‽kvi Ômv`vZ ingvb×
 mvBevi eywjs ev AbjvB‡b †nb¯'v wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡‬i †bv‡ej L¨vZ ÓAvšÍR©vwZK wkï kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi cvb mv‬vZ ingvb
 mvBevi eywjs †_‡K wkï‡‬i myiÿv wb‡q mv‬vZ ingv‡bi ˆZwiK Z A¨v‡ci bvg ÓmvBevi wUbÖ|
 fvPz©qvwj mv‬v‡Zi nv‡Z cyi¯‹vi Zz‡j †‬b 2014 mv‡j kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ejRqx gvjvjv BDmydRvB|
 D‡jøL¨, mv‬vZ ingvb QvovI gvjvjv BDmydRvB I cwi‡ekKg©x ‡MÔUv _vbevM© Gi Av‡M G cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib|
2022 mv‽j FAO×i AvÂwjK m‽¤§jb evsjv‽`‽k
 2022 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni Lv‬¨ I K wl ms¯'vi (GdGI) 36Zg Gwkqv-c¨vwmwdK AvÂwjK m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb Ki‡e evsjv‡‬k
 1973 mv‡j Lv‬¨ I K wl ms¯'vq (GdGI) †hvM‬v‡bi ci cÔ_gev‡ii g‡Zv evsjv‡‬k GB m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z hv‡‧Q|
`wÿY my`v‽b evsjv‽`k ‼ivW
 ‬wÿY my‬v‡b GKwU mo‡Ki bvg ivLv nq Óevsjv‡‬k †ivWÖ|
 m¤úªwZ RvuKRgKc~Y© Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g moiwUi D‡×vab Kiv nq|
 moKwU wbg©vY K‡ib †mLvb RvwZmsN kvwšÍ iÿv wgk‡b Kg©iZ evsjv‡‬wk kvwšÍiÿx †mbviv|
 ¯'vbxq RxebhvÎvi g‡bvbœq‡b e¨vb-BwÄwbqvi (Kb÷ªvKkb)/19 moKwU wbg©vY K‡i|
XvKvq wKs b‽iv`g wmnvbyK ‼ivW
2017 mv‽ji wW‽m¤^‽i cÖavbgš¿x ‼kL nvwmbvi K‽¤^vwWqv md‽i e½eÜz ¯§viK¯îƒc K‽¤^vwWqvi ivRavbx bg‽c‽b GKwU
moK e½eÜz ‼kL gywReyi ingv‽bi bv‽g Ges XvKvq GKwU moK K‽¤^vwWqvi ivRv b‽iv`g wmnvby‽Ki bv‽g Kiv n‽e e‽j
wm×všÍ nq| ZviB Ask wn‽m‽e XvKvi evwiavivi K~U‰bwZK GjvKvi cvK© ‼ivWwU K‽¤^vwWqvi mv‽eK ivRv b‽iv`g
wmnvby‽Ki bv‽g ÔwKs b‽iv`g wmnvbyK ‼ivWÕ bvgKiY Kiv nq| ‼deªæqvwi, 2020 G moK bvgdjK D‽b¥vPb Kiv nq|
OICÕi ivRavbx XvKv
we‽k¦i gymwjg ivóªmg~‽ni ‼RvU BmjvwgK mn‽hvwMZv ms¯'v (OIC)| Gi hye msMVb BmjvwgK ‼Kv-Acv‽ikb Bqy_
‼dvivg (ICYF)| Gi wbe©vnx ‼evW© OICÕi hye ivRavbx evQvB KwgwU wn‽m‽e KvR K‽i| 25 wW‽m¤î, 2019
evsjv‽`‽ki ivRavbx XvKv‽K 2020 mv‽ji iRb¨ OICÕi hye ivRavbx wn‽m‽e ‼NvlYv Kiv nq|
UNICEFÕi ‼bZ…‽Z¡ evsjv‽`k
14 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 RvwZmsN mì `ß‽i UNICEFÕi wbe©vnx ‽ev‽W©i wbe©vwPb AbywôZ nq| G‽Z me©m¤§wZµ‽g
‼cÖwm‽W›U wbe©vwPZ nb RvwZms‽Ni wbhy³ evsjv‽`‽ki ¯'vqx cÖwZwbwa iveve dvwZgv|
weªwUk cvDÛ RM`xk P›`ª emy
2020 mv‽j hy³iv‽Rï evRv‽i Avmv bZzb 50 cvD‽Ûi e¨vsK ‼bvU ‼`Lv hv‽e evsjv‽`wk weÁvbx AvP©vh© RM`xk P›`ª
emyi gy‽Li cÖwZ”Qwe| wW‽m¤î 2019 G wel‽q P~ovšÍ wm×všÍ ‼bq Ôe¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛÕ| G e¨vcv‽i GKwU ÔWvwg ‼bvUÕ
cÖKvk Kiv nq|
UNESCO Aaiv mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨
 G ch©šÍ BD‡b‡¯‹v evsjv‡‬‡ki 4wU welq‡K Aaiv mvs¯‹ wZ HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i|
 evsjv‡‬‡ki eZ©gv‡b Aaiv mvs¯‹ wZK HwZn¨ 4wUÑ
 evDj Mvb (2008)
 Rvg`vbx eqb wkí (2013)
 ‪ekv‡Li g½j †kvfvhvÎv (2016)
 kxZjcvwU eybb c×wZ (2017)
 evsjv‡‬‡ki kxZj cvwU‡K Aaiv mvs¯‹ wZK HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK wZ †‬qÑ BD‡b‡¯‹v (6wW‡m¤î, 2017)|
wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vq evsjv‽`‽ki m`m¨µg
bvg Zg bvg Zg
Avwmqvb AvÂwjK †dvivg (ARF) 26Zg AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva Av‬vjZ (ICC) 111Zg
KgbI‡qj_ (Commonwealth) 34Zg AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb mwgwZ (IDA) 109Zg
IAvBwm (OIC) 32Zg ¯'vqx mvwjwk Av‬vjZ (PCA) 115Zg
AvšÍR©vwZK nvD‡WªvMÔvwdK ms¯'v (IHO) 70Zg cybM©Vb I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK ( IBRD) 118Zg
AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms¯'v (IAEA) 103Zg GMgÛ MÖæc 132Zg
AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwR wewb‡qvM ms¯'v (IFC) 105Zg RvwZmsN (UN) 136Zg
RvwZms‽Ni we‽klvwqZ ms¯’vq evsjv‽`‽ki m`m¨c` jvf

AvšÍR©vwZK A_© Znwej (IMF)
17 AvM÷, 1972 cyM©Vb I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK (IBRD)
wekê¨vsK
AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb mwgwZ (IDA)
22 Ryb, 1972 AvšÍR©vwZK kÔg ms¯'v (ILO)
27 †m‡Þ¤î, 1972 AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms¯'v (IAEA)
27 A‡±vei, 1972 RvwZmsN wkÿv weÁvb I ms¯‹ wZ ms¯'v (UNESCO)
5 †m‡Þ¤î, 1973 AvšÍR©vwZK †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM BDwbqb (ITU)
12 b‡f¤î, 1973 Lv‬¨ I K wl ms¯'v (FAO)
18 Ryb, 1976 AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwR wewb‡qvM ms¯'v (IFC)
14 A‡±vei, 1976 B›Uvi‡cvj
1 Rvbyqvwi, 1995 wek^ evwYR¨ ms¯'v (WTO)
we.`ª: AvšÍR©vwZK gy‬ªv Znwej (IMF)Öi evsjv‡‬k¯' †nW Awdm XvKvi AvMviMvuI‡q wekê¨vsK fe‡b Aew¯'Z|
evsjv‽`k-fviZ HwZnvwmK mxgvšÍ Pzw³ I wQUgnj wewbgq

 wQUgnj:
Gwkqvi evwj©b cÖvPxi bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj evsjv‡‬k-fviZ wQUgnj mg~n| †Kv‡bv GKwU iv‡ó«i Ggb GKwU GjvKv, †h
GjvKv PZzw‬©K †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU ivó« Øviv cwi‡ewóZ| wQUgn‡ji m‡½ iv‡ó«i g~j f~ -L‡Ûi †hvMv‡hvM I hvZvqvZ mswkøó
wfbœ ivó«wUi ga¨ w‬‡q Qvov m¤eci bq| (Z_¨m~Î: ivRbxwZ †Kvl)
 wQUgnj wewbgq msµvšÍ Z_¨:
 fvi‡Zi AvBbmfvi D‧PKÿ ivR¨mfvq ¯'jmxgvšÍ wej cvm nq- 6‡g, 2015 mv‡j|
 fvi‡Zi AvBbmfvi wb¤œKÿ †jvKmfvq ¯'jmxgvšÍ wej cvm nq- 7 †g, 2015 mv‡j|
 ¯'jmxgvšÍ Pzw³wU wQj fvi‡Zi msweav‡b- 100 Zg ms‡kvabx|
 ¯^vaxbZvi cieZx© evsjv‡‬k- fviZ wQUgnj wewbgq/¯'jmxgvšÍ Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq- 16 †g, 1974 mv‡j (GwU gywRe-
Bw›‬iv Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ)|
 evsjv‡‬‡ki msweav‡b GB Pzw³wU wQj- 3q ms‡kvabxi welqe¯`| Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡‬k ‡eiæevwo‡K fvi‡Zi wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i|
 ¯'jmxgvšÍ Pzw³i welqe¯`-
 evsjv‡‬k fvi‡Zi Af¨šÍ‡i 162wU wQUgn‡ji wewbgq|
 6.5 wK‡jvwgUvi AgxgvswmZ mxgvšÍ wPwþZKiY I wewbgq|
 m¤úªwZ wPwþZ Kiv n‡q‡Q- 4.5 wK. wg.
 mxgvbv AwPwþZ i‡q‡M‡Q- 2 wK.wg.|
 AwPwþZ 2 wK. wg. mxgvbv Aew¯'Z †dbxi g~ûixi P‡i|
 Ac‬Ljxq f~wg n¯ÍvšÍi|
 evsjv‡‬‡ki †fZi fvi‡Zi wQUgnj wQj- 111wU|
 fvi‡Zi †fZi evsjv‡‬‡ki wQUgnj wQj- 51wU|
 evsjv‡‬k cvq fvi‡Zi - 111wU wQUgnj|
 fviZ cvq evsjv‡‬‡ki- 51wU wQUgnj|
 wQUgnj wewbg‡qi d‡j eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡‬‡ki AvqZb †e‡o ‬vuuwo‡q‡Q- 1,47,610 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| [hwÌ GUv
†M‡RU nqwb]
evsjv‽`‽k Aew¯’Z fvi‽Zi wQUgnj¸‽jv wQj fvi‽Z Aew¯’Z evsjv‽`‽ki wQUgnj¸‽jv wQj
‼Rjv msL¨v ‼Rjv msL¨v
jvjgwbinv‡U 59 ‡KvPwenv‡i 47
cÂM‡o 36 RjcvB¸wo‡Z 4
KzwoMÖv‡g 12 †gvU 51
bxjdvgvix‡Z 4
†gvU 111
‼eiæevwo I wZbweNv Kwi‽Wvi
 wZbweNv Kwi‡Wv‡ii Ae¯'vb Ñ jvjgwbinvU †Rjvi cvUMÔvg Dc‡Rjvq wZ¯Ív b‬xi Zx‡i|
 wZbweNv Kwi‡Wv‡ii wewbg‡q evsjv‡‬k fviZ‡K †h wQUgnjwU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i Ñ †eiæevox|
 †eiæevox wQUgnjwU c~‡e© evsjv‡‬‡ki †h †Rjvq Aew¯'Z wQj Ñ cÂMo|
 ‬nMÔvg Av½i‡cvZv I wZbweNv Kwi‡Wvi ‡h †Rjvi AšÍM©Z wQjÑ jvjgwbinvU|
 gkvjWv½v wQUgnjwU wQjÑ KzwoMÔv‡gi AšÍM©Z|
 wZbweNv Kwi‡Wv‡ii wewbg‡q †eiæevox n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii weavb evsjv‡‬‡ki msweav‡bi †h ms‡kvabx‡Z D‡jøL i‡q‡QÑ Z Zxq
ms‡kvabx, 1974
 fviZ evsjv‡‬‡ki Rb¨ wZbweNv Kwi‡Wvi Ly‡j †‬qÑ 26 Ryb; 1992 mv‡j (mKvj 6Uv †_‡K mÚ¨v 6Uv)|
 fviZ evsjv‡‬‡ki Rb¨ wZbweNv Kwi‡Wvi 24 N›Uvi Rb¨ Ly‡j †‬q Ñ 8 †m‡Þ¤î, 2011
we‽iva
 we‡ivac~Y© PiÑ ivRkvnxi wbg©vj Pi Ges †dbxi gyûixi Pi
 we‡ivac~Y© f~wgÑ we‡jvwbqv, †dbx
 we‡ivac~Y© b`xÑ nvwoqvfv½v b`x
 we‡ivac~Y© ØxcÑ `wÿY ZvjcwÆ Øxc (mvZÿxiv)
 AgxgvswmZ AÂj wQjÑ KywoMÔv‡gi eovBevwo, cÂM‡oi ‬BNvUv|
evsjv‽`‽ki wZ¯Ív wb‽q Px‽bi 8,200 ‼KvwU UvKvi gnvcwiKíbv
cwiKíbvq i‡q‡Q 108 wK‡jvwgUvi b‬x Lbb, b‬xi ‬yÖcv‡o 173 wK‡jvwgUvi Zxi iÿv, Pi Lbb, b`xi `yB av‡i
m¨v‡UjvBU kni wbg©vY, evjy mwi‡q K wl Rwg D×vi I 1 jvL 13 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi m¤ú‬ iÿv Ges cÔwZ eQ‡i 20
nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi dmj Drcv‬b| Px‡bi cÔ¯ÍvweZ wZ¯Ív cÔKí ev¯Íevqb n‡j e‬‡j hv‡e DËivÂ‡ji 5 †Rjvi gvby‡li
fv‡Mï PvKv| Px‡bi wZ¯Ív cÔKí ev¯Íevqb n‡j fviZ †_‡K evsjv‡‬k‡K AwZwi³ cvwb Avi cÔv‡qvRb co‡e bv| b`xi
MfxiZv cÖvq 10 wgUvi e„w× cv‡e| eb¨vq fvmv‡e bv MÔvgMÃ Rbc‬| mviv eQi †b× PjvP‡ji g‡Zv cvwb msiÿ‡Yi eë¯'v
Kiv n‡e| †b× PjvP‡ji g‡Zv cvwb msiÿ‡Yi eë¯'v Kiv n‡e| ‡b×e›‬i Ges AvBbk…․Ljv iÿvq ‬yBcv‡o _vbv,
†Kv÷MvW©, †mbvewnbxi Rb¨ K¨v‡¤úi eë¯' cÔ¯ÍveI ivLv n‡q‡Q| cÙv †mZz cÖK‡íi c‡i wZ¯Ív wifvi KgwcÖnbwmf
g¨v‡bR‡g›U A¨vÛ †i‡÷v‡ikb cÖKíwU 2q cÖKí evsjv‡`‡ki|
wZ¯Ív evua wUcvBgyL evua
 wZ¯Ív evua cÖKí t evsjv‡‬‡ki me‡P‡q eo †mP cÔKí|  ZzBfvB I ZzBiqs b‬xØ‡qi wgwjZ †¯ªvZavivq m…wó
 AšÍfz©³ AÂjt e…nËg iscyi I w‬bvRcyi n‡q‡Q- eivK b`x|
 Ae¯'vb jvjgwbinvU ‡Rjvi nvwZevÚvi †‬vqvwb Ges  fviZ wUcvBgyL evua Aew¯'Z- eivK b`xi Dci|
bxjdvgvix †Rjvi wWgjvi Wvwjqv bvgK ¯'v‡b|  wUcvBgyL evua Aew¯'Z- gwYcyi iv‡R¨|
 m¤úªwZ wZ¯Ív cÔK‡í A_©vq‡bi †NvlYv †‬q Pxb|

mve‽gwib K¨ve‽j evsjv‽`k
 bvg: SEA-ME-WE-6
 mshy³ Ki‡e: wm½vcyi †_‡K K•evRvi|
 ÿgZv: 1000 wRwewcGm|
 cÔKí e¨q: 693 †KvwU 17 jvL UvKv|
Z…Zxq mve‡gwib K¨vej  evsjv‡‬k hy³ n‡e: 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨|
 ‘SEA-ME-WE-6’i j¨vwÙs †÷kb: K•evRvi|
 Z Zxq mve‡gwib K¨ve‡j 10 nvRvi wRwewcGm e¨vÙDB_ †b‡e evsjv‡‬k|
 evsjv‡‬k †_‡K eªvÙDB_ wKb‡Z AvMÔn cÔKvk K‡i‡Q: †m×w‬ Avie, ‡bcvj, f~Uvb I wÎcyiv ivR¨|
 SEA-ME-WE-6Öi we¯Í wZ: wm½vcyi †_‡K d«vÜ ch©šÍ|
wØZxq mve‡gwib K¨vej  SEA-ME-WE-5 mve‡gwib †Kej mshy³ nq: 2017 mv‡j|
 ‘SEA-ME-WE-5’ Gi j¨vwÙs †÷kb: cUzqvLvjxi Kjvcvov Dc‡Rjvq|
 evsjv‡‬k cÔ_g mve‡gwib K¨vej Kb‡mvwU©qvg ‘SEA-ME-WE-4’ G hy³ nqÑ 2006 mv‡j|
 ‘SEA-ME-WE-4’i j¨vwÙs †÷kb: K•evRv‡ii wSjsRvq|
cÔ_g mve‡gwib K¨vej  cÖ_g mve‡gwib NuvwU: K•evRv‡ii †cKzqvq|
 cÔ_g mve‡gwib K¨ve‡ji †gqv‬: 20 eQi (2006-2025)|
 cÔ_g mve‡gwib K¨vej ‘SEA-ME-WE-4’i Avqy®‹vj †kl n‡e: 2025 mv‡j|
g¨vbyqvj cÕKvk‽bi cieZ©x AvKl©Y!

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Kv‡i›U A¨v‡dqvm© g¨vbyqvj 2021

‽Rv-evB‽W‽bi gwš¿mfv I cÖkvmb

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‰ewk¦K BwZnvm (‼ewmK Z_¨)

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wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vi m`i `ßi

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e½eÜz ‽jLv 3wU MÕš’ [LyeB LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©]

cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm

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mvgwiK kvmb 1958

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gyw³hy‽×i e„nr kw³e‽M©i f~wgKv

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eZ©gv‽b evsjv‽`‽ki Pv evMvb

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Aa¨vqÑ 03 : evsjv‽`‽ki RbmsL¨v, Av`gïgvix, RvwZ, ‼Mvôx, I DcRvwZ

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Av`gïgvwi GLb Rbïgvwi

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evsjv‽`k-fviZ HwZnvwmK mxgvšÍ Pzw³ I wQUgnj wewbgq

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